This is how the creator of the most complex machine on the planet supports the US pressure

In 2022 sales of ASML In China they amounted to 2.9 billion euros, which represented 13.8% of its annual sales. At that time Taiwan was a more important market for this company than China. In fact, in 2023 the clients of the island bought this manufacturer lithography equipment For a total value of 8,100 million euros, while its Chinese clients disbursed 7.3 billion euros. And, curiously, in 2024 China consolidated as the largest market for ASML with total sales of 10.2 billion euros. This company of the Netherlands cannot sell its most advanced equipment to its Chinese clients, such as the machines of extreme ultraviolet lithography (UVE) or deep ultraviolet (UVP), but at the moment you can give them the solutions that allow producing chips with mature integration technologies. These are the semiconductors that are mostly used in cars, appliances or electronic devices, among other products, and usually occur in nodes of 28 nm or less advanced. ASML needs China. And China still needs Asml Christophe Fouquet, the general director of ASML, has a huge challenge ahead. Like his predecessor at the head of this Dutch company, Peter Wennink, he has the obligation to defend the interests of his company. And currently the tension held by the US and China does not make it easy. The sanctions that They have deployed US and the Netherlands They prevent Asml selling Your most advanced lithography teams To its Chinese clients. And neither can some maintenance and after -sales services services provide. In the Netherlands 2024 will be remembered as the year in which the strap between ASML and the Dutch government reached its maximum expression. Christophe Fouquet He is convinced about what US will continue to put pressure on its partners to even more harden the sanctions that seek to stop the development of the Chinese industry of the integrated circuits. In fact, according to the British weekly The Economistthis executive argues that European politicians and regulators should do more to help their company. In 2024 China was consolidated as the largest Asml market with total sales of 10.2 billion euros Anyway, one of the figures in which we have repaired a few lines above gives us a very accurate clue about how ASML is dealing with prohibitions from the US and endorsed by the Netherlands government that could greatly degrade their business. As we have seen, in 2024 China was consolidated as its largest market with total sales of 10,200 million euros. This success is because Chinese manufacturers of integrated circuits have bought A ASML many suitable photolithography equipment to produce mature semiconductors. This Dutch company has much more advanced chips manufacturing machines, such as the UVE and UVP lithography equipment that I have mentioned a few lines above. And also The very complex High Opening Machine which has been designed to optimize the production of integrated circuits Below the 2 nm. As we have seen, ASML cannot deliver these teams to its Chinese clients, but, and this is a very important fact, has the effective monopoly of Uve and Uve Machines of Haute Opening. No other company has the necessary resources to produce such complex equipment. Currently TSMC, Intel, Samsung, Globalfoundries, Micron Technology and Sk Hynix are well building new chips manufacturing plants, they are well expanding some of those they have in operation. In any case, they all have something in common: they are buying the UVE and UVP equipment of ASML. And, in addition, TSMC, Intel and Samsung presumably will acquire for the next three years a large number of UVE Machines of Haute Opening. It is evident that even in the complicated current situation it is difficult to lie to ASML. For now Your business in China enduresand will continue to do it at least until the moment when Chinese lithography manufacturers have their own UVE machines. And outside China Asml has no competition if we stick to its Porpholio of UVE machines. This is your true strength. Image | ASML More information | The New York Times In Xataka | Japan wants to recover leadership as a manufacturer of lithography equipment. And he has a plan to end the Asml monopoly

These are the chips that are capable of manufacturing without resorting to the most advanced Machine of ASML

TSMC is not the largest semiconductor manufacturer on the planet by chance. Morris Chang He founded this veteran Taiwanese company in 1987, but his leadership took several years to consolidate. At that time the most important integrated circuit manufacturer was Intel, but The TSMC domain In this industry during the last two decades it is irrefatable. Today monopolizes approximately 60% of the market of the manufacture of integrated circuits, and nothing indicates that in the short term Intel or Samsung, its two main competitors, will be able to dispute your leadership. The success of this company has mainly based on its ability to manufacture large -scale chips using the most advanced integration technologies available and with a very high wafer performance. Here lies its very high competitiveness. And, in addition, he has managed to preserve this position for many years, which has helped him transmit confidence to his solid clients such as a rock. His economic performance is nothing other than a consequence of his career: in 2024 he entered 34% more than in 2023. TSMC claims to be able to bring asml UVE lithography equipment to the limit This integrated circuit manufacturer has confirmed that the tests of its 2 Nm node are being successful, so you can start the large -scale manufacture of semiconductors using this photolithography during the second semester of 2025. However, its medium -term plans do not end here. And is that at the end of last April advance During his North American Technological Conference that is also testing his next avant -garde integration technology. It will call it A14 (1.4 Nm), will enter large -scale production in 2028 and we already know some of its most interesting characteristics. Kevin Zhang ensures that TSMC does not need the ASML UVE High-Nna lithography team to make 1.4 Nm One of its most important spots will consist that you will use transistors Nanosheet Gaa (Gate-alall-around) Second generation. The first generation will arrive next to the Lithography N2 (2 Nm) this year. In addition, this integration technology will land with the promise to make possible the manufacture of integrated circuits with higher performance, higher energy efficiency and a more flexible design. The usual. However, TSMC, fortunately, has been wet and in its event some figures made public that allow us to assess to what extent the arrival of the A14 node will be important. And, according to this company, the integrated circuits produced with the A14 lithography will be 15% faster than the chips manufactured in the NEN N2 with the same consumption; They will reduce energy expenditure by 30% at the same speed, and, in addition, they will put on the table the possibility of increasing the density of logic by 20%. According to Kevin ZhangSenior Vice President and Deputy Director of Operations of TSMC, the A14 node will be attractive to make chips for consumption devices and for strictly professional applications, such as, for example, GPU for artificial intelligence (AI). There is no doubt that TSMC’s promises about their lithography A14 sound good, but there is more that we should not overlook. Zhang says that they will not use the equipment of extreme ultraviolet photolithography (UVE) and haute opening (High-na) that manufactures the Dutch company ASML in this node. This is a technical capacity exhibition. These machines, the most advanced that currently exist, are suitable for producing integrated circuits of 2 nm and beyond. In fact, The lithography 14a (1.4 Nm) It will be the first in which Intel will use the Uve High opening equipment of ASML. However, as we have just seen, TSMC says it can produce chips capable of dealing with comparable semiconductors of Intel and Samsung using conventional UVE equipment. 2025 will be the year in which the lithographs of 2 nm will start, and, therefore, it will be the prelude to a presumably even more bloody battle: that of the 1.4 Nm. Image | ASML More information | Tom’s hardware In Xataka | ASML’s new lithography team divides chips manufacturers. TSMC considers not using it until 2030

We already know what the chips that will arrive until 2039 will be. The machine that will manufacture them is close

If everything goes as planned Intel will have its lithography 14a (1.4 Nm) List in 2026. It will be the first integration technology of this company that will use the equipment of extreme ultraviolet photolithography (UVE) and AL ASML opening. TSMC and Samsung have already confirmed that They will also bet on this machinebut for now it is Intel who carries the lead. In fact, it has been about a year and a half Testing it in its Hillsboro plant (USA). The engineers of the Dutch Company ASML have invested a decade in the development of the technology necessary to put this machine ready, which, in reality, is a high -generation extreme ultraviolet lithography team. This company of the Netherlands plans to deliver to its customers annually from 2025 about 20 teams of this type with one purpose: put in their hands the possibility of producing 2 nm chips And beyond. Much further. After the High-no lithography equipment, the Hyper-NA machines will arrive To develop the UVE Lithography team (EUV high-na for its acronym in English) ASML engineers have put a very advanced optical architecture that has an opening of 0.55 compared to the 0.33 value that the first generation UVE lithography equipment has. This refinement of the optics allows to transfer to the wafer patterns of greater resolution, hence it is possible to manufacture chips using more advanced integration technologies than those currently used in the nodes of 2 and 3 Nm. In the article we dedicate to Rayleight criteria We explain in a lot of detail what the ‘Na’ parameter consists (Numerical Aperture), But in this text it is enough for us to know that this variable identifies The opening value of the optics Used by the lithographic equipment. In this context this parameter essentially reflects the same as the opening value when we talk about The optics of a photo cameraso it conditions the amount of light that the optical elements They are able to collect. As we can intuit, the more light gathens, the better. A single UVE Machine of haute opening is capable of producing more than 200 wafers per hour However, this is not all. ASML has also improved the mechanical systems that are responsible for the manipulation of wafers with the purpose of making it possible for a single UVE Machine to be able to produce more than 200 wafers per hour. This benefit is very important for semiconductor manufacturers because it deeply conditions its competitiveness. If we want to investigate to show what is beyond the Uve haute opening teams, the ideal is that we turn to Imec, an integrated circuit research center founded in 1984 and lodged in Leuven (Belgium). It is the most experienced laboratory in the tuning of new integration technologies that we have in Europe. In fact, their engineers work side by side with ASML technicians. The slide we publish on top of these lines contains a lot of interesting information. According to IMEC in 2035 integrated circuit manufacturers will begin large -scale production of 3 angstroms chips (0.3 Nm). This milestone is very important because presumably these will be the first semiconductors made of UVE lithography equipment Hyper-na In which Asml is already working. However, of course, these machines will not arrive that year; They will be ready much earlier. That will be the time when Chips manufacturers will start large -scale production, but possibly this machine will be prepared at the end of this decade. Whatever the interesting thing is that the opening of the optics of these avant -garde lithography equipment will be, again according to IMEC, of ​​0.75 in the face of the opening of 0.55 of the UVE machines of high opening, or 0.33 in the conventional UVE equipment, as we have seen a few lines above. In any case, the itinerary of this laboratory anticipates that In 2037 the integrated circuits of 2 angstroms will arriveand in 2039 chips manufacturers will pass this barrier and go beyond the 2 angstroms. It seems science fiction, but it is not. It’s just science. Image | IMEC More information | IMEC In Xataka | China needs to develop a new type of immune chips to US sanctions. And their scientists have just achieved it

Its biggest machine manufacturer

The income of the Chinese company Naura Technology Group is increasing in the middle of The tariff war Between the US and China in which many other countries have been involved. A spokesman for this company has confirmed that Naura’s income and benefits They have shot during the first quarter of 2025, and provides that this trend continue for at least this year despite global instability. This company is one of the producers of the teams involved in the manufacture of largest integrated circuits in China. In March 2024 he embarked on preliminary investigation that pursued to develop new exclusively Chinese integration technologies. We have hardly any information about the result of this project, but if we stick to the current economic performance of Naura it seems reasonable to conclude that it has achieved its purpose. Naura is one of China’s essential pieces on the road to self -sufficient During the last three years this company has not stopped growing. And its current performance indicates that US tariffs are not going to immutan it. It makes sense. As we have just seen, your business is held on the production of equipment to make chips, and its main market is China. However, if we only say that we are doing well, we would be very short. And it is that Naura, whose headquarters are in Beijing, has confirmed Just a few hours ago that its income during the first quarter of this year has increased 51% compared to the same period of 2024. and its benefits have increased by 53%. Naura has attributed its success to the technological innovations that it has achieved during the development of its new engraving and deposition teams In any case, the really important thing is the reason why your income is increasing with such a high rhythm. We do not need to elucidate to find out; Naura herself has attributed its success to the technological innovations that it has achieved during the development of Its new engraving and deposition equipment. These machines are not the devices responsible for transferring the geometric pattern that contains the design of the chips to silicon wafers, which is what ASML photolithography equipment does, but, even so, these processes are also crucial during the production of semiconductors. The Chinese market is so large that many companies in the country led by Xi Jinping do not need to go abroad to obtain a very high economic performance, especially if their business is supported by a strategic sector. Naura’s actions 0.4% have fallen a few hours ago Due to global instability, but it is probably a mirage. Your medium -term future, like that of Chinese lithography equipment manufacturers Sicarrier and Amec (Advanced Micro-Fabrication Equipment China), is promising. More information | SCMP In Xataka | The comeback in the chips industry for which China fights has an epicenter of 13.8 billion: Shanghai

Openai is about to be worth as much as Coca-Cola even though it is still a money losing machine. The reason: SoftBank

Openai is about to close a gigantic financing round led by SoftBank that will double its assessment as reported Bloomberg. This new round will coincide with a non-tan-positive scenario for the company: that of increasing doubts about the rhythm of real progress of generative AI. The panoramic. The startup is finalizing a financing round of 40,000 million dollars led by SoftBankwhich will raise its value to 300,000 million. This assessment would place Openai in the select club of the most valuable companies in the world, drawing with a whole Coca-Cola, and getting closer to others such as Netflix or Tesla. The context. The investment is structured in two phases: An initial of 10,000 million (7.5 billion softbank and 2.5 billion of other investors). A second of 30,000 million scheduled for this year. Among the investors that accompany SoftBank are the Magnetar Capital Fund, which could contribute up to 1,000 million, in addition to Coatue Management, Founders Fund and Altimeter Capital Management. This round almost doubles the assessment achieved in October 2024, when OpenAI captured 6,600 million led by Thrive Capital at an assessment of 157,000 million. Between the lines. This spectacular increase in value could be interpreted as an attempt to maintain the perception of exponential growth at a time when the generative AI seems to have reached some plateau in its practical development. And now what. OpenAI must demonstrate that it can transform its technological leadership into a sustainable business model that justifies this astronomical assessment. And Altman will have to overcome the sandwich made by his investors (demanding returns) and the infrastructure (which requires continuous capital). After the initial euphoria with the generative AI, with the arrival of Chatgpt in the late 2022 as a clear turning point, we are going to a somewhat more selective phase in which only market leaders will continue to capture large amounts of money. In Xataka | The new OpenAi image generator takes a 180º turn in a section that we did not see coming: censorship Outstanding image | Mariia Shalabaieva in Unspash

Argentina fought the British missiles with a paste machine

Battles and wars always leave winners and defeated, but in some cases they occur Unexpected surprises due to the apparent advantage of some and the surprising outcome with the victory of the other. There are stories like the The Invasion of the United Kingdom trying to conquer Tenerife without knowing what was inside. The one that occurred in Malvinas had the expected endbut what nobody could imagine is what Argentina was going to defend. An unequal war. The FALVINAS WAR (1982) faced the Argentine Air Force (FAA) against the United Kingdom in a conflict where British technological superiority It was more than evident. While Be British Harrier They had advanced radars and missiles AIM-9 SidewinderArgentine airplanes lacked radar alert systems and electronic countermeasures. Moreover, the A-4 Skyhawk, Mirage III, Dagger and Canberra they operated without self -defense systems against radar -guided missiles, such as the Be dartlaunched from British destroyers. The pilot Pablo Carballo, veteran of Malvinas, He explained years later To a United States Air Force officer that Argentine pilots were not afraid when a radar alert receptor was activated because their planes simply did not have one. That lack of equipment left FAA with a single option: resort to ingenuity to create its own countermeasures. Electronic countermeasures. The so -called Like Chaffused from World War II, consists of metal strips that enemy radars saturate With false signals. It would be something like the measures/lures against electronic of our time. Plus: Argentina had detailed information about British radars, since the Navy operated two Type 42 destroyersHMS Sheffield twins. With a “but”: the FAA did not have an industry developed to produce large -scale Chaff, so they turned to the most improvised media. Be British Harrier The secret is in the pasta. The first production attempts began in the Military Air Base (BAM) Comodoro Rivadavia In May 1982. By not having specialized equipment, a group of officers devised a rudimentary method: Students recruited from the province of Entre Ríos to cut hand -to -cut strips. The problem? Production was insufficient. As they counted In The War Zoneit was then that a technical noncommissioned officer proposed an unusual solution: use a Industrial Machine for Pasta and noodles. That machine, borrowed from the Napoli pasta factory, had blades of the exact size to cut the aluminum strips efficiently. Thus, the team worked 24 hours a day for a week to make enough Chaff that could be used in combat. Deployment and difficulties. With the insured production, methods to launch the chaff were improvised from the airplanes. In it Mirage III and Dagger rolled chaff strips in packages wrapped in toilet paper and adhesive tape, which then They placed in the aerofrenos of the airplanes. This had a problem: the pilots opened the aerofrenos during the flight to maneuver, which could make the Chaff disperse before being useful. For The C-130 HerculesChaff was placed in bags tied with three -meter strings, which were thrown manually from the rear doors to create an interference curtain against enemy radars. Finally, with the Canberra MK 62 It was with the only unit that a partially successful system was used. Seven pitchers were installed in the back, with cartridges containing Chaff and Bengals. A Douglas A-4 Skyhawk of the Argentine Air Force in 1982 The “D” day. Thus, on June 2, 1982, the system was approved in a A-4C Skyhawk with launches from different altitudes, although No effective results were achieved. Other attempts included the use of FFAR rockets to disperse Chaff and the modification of Shafrir Missiles 2although none was really viable. Use in combat. On May 1, 1982, during a mission of bombing on the British forces, three Canberra MK 62 took from Trelew with the Chaff system and flares. The pilot Eduardo García Puebla reported how He managed to avoid Two missiles AIM-9L Sidewinder launched by a Sea Harrier thanks to the use of the improvised system. However, another Canberra failed to activate his flares and was shot down by a British missile. Days later, another Canberra was destroyed by a missile Be dart of HMS Cardiff without even having deployed Chaff. It is not clear if the countermeasures were really effective in some other episode, mainly because the British reports did not mention deviated missiles by these techniques (and it is very possible that they did not even know). The legacy. The end of the contest It is known (Although never It has ended at all). After 74 days of battle certainly unequal, the United Kingdom recovered the Falkland Islands. The conflict ended exactly on June 14, 1982 with Argentine surrender. However, FAA’s attempt to use chaff manufactured by hand With a pasta machine It is a testimony of ingenuity and determination in conditions of technological inferiority. Although the system had rather limited results, it demonstrates how in war the resources available can become improvised solutions. For the history of the contests, the only known conflict where a pasta machine was part of the military countermeasures. Image | Argentina.gob.ar, Magic Madzik, Us Defenseimagery In Xataka | There is a reason why the Canary Islands is not British: the day that United Kingdom invaded Tenerife without knowing what was inside In Xataka | The “longest war in history” faced a town in Granada and Denmark. The reason: a 172 -year -old forgetfulness

a record submarine tunnel with the largest diameter in the world and a colossal machine to drill it

In the city of Jinan, just over four and a half hours by Beijing’s car, China Railway 14th Bureau Group It is leading the construction of the higher diameter submarine tunnel. When the work is finished, residents and visitors of The capital of Shandong They will be able to move from one side of the Yellow River to another through a two -level road with six lanes in total. But before this happens, workers must complete the drilling tasks they started months ago. Behind this project is a huge tunnelador baptized as “Shanhe” of 163 meters, with a diameter of 17.5 meters and a weight of 5,200 tons. This sophisticated engineering piece left the mounting line in May 2024 and began to function and the aforementioned work in September last year. As Xinhua collectsevery two meters a dozen segments are assembled to form a support ring that separates groundwater, two meters are drilled and the task is repeated. A tunnel to better connect the city of Jinan As the cutting head progresses, several members of the work control parameters such as the movement of the pieces, the advance of the cylinder and the mud level. The machine also needs constant maintenance tasks and even repairs. In this case, specialists direct an army of workers who manipulate hydraulic mechanisms, water pipes and tools for the work to be at the end of this year. “Shanhe” has advanced around 15 meters per day and has exceeded 1,000 meters perforated. This powerful machine has 306 cutters of different types of teeth, designed for higher cutting yield. In addition, it incorporates advanced technology such as a pressurized compound head, main telescopic drive and a telescopic chamber for the excavation tank. But that’s not all. It is also equipped with advanced geological forecast, gas environment monitoring, tool wear detection, synchronous grout detection and an auxiliary support system. China Daily highlights a very interesting fact: 7 out of 10 tunneladoras sold in the world are Chinese, and within the country, 95% of these machines are also of national manufacture. China leads this sector, as also occurs in port infrastructure and Batteries for electric vehicles. With little competition, local production marks the rhythm and consolidates its position in strategic industries, reflecting a strong commitment to self -sufficiency and technological domain in key areas that goes beyond its borders. Images | Xinhua In Xataka | Saudi Arabia is waste so much money in The Line that has entered deficit

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