Hybrid

there was a “hybrid zone” of 4,000 kilometers

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For years we had a fairly clear narrative in our minds of what had happened to our ancestors. The specific story is that the Homo sapiens They left Africa, met some Neanderthals somewhere in the Middle East, had a couple of chance encounters of hybridization pulses and they continued on their way to conquer the world. A change. However, a massive new study that just appear on the bioRxiv preprint server suggests that that picture is too simplistic. They were not specific meetings, but rather a continuous interaction throughout a huge “hybrid zone” which spanned from the Near East to Central Asia and Europe. To get here, the study has analyzed an unprecedented amount of ancient DNA to draw the most detailed map to date of how we intermingled with our extinct cousins. and the result It is a gradient of miscegenation which extends for almost 4,000 kilometers. Lots of volume. The study has not been limited to a few bones that have been found in isolation, but has used computer simulations and a data set of 1,264 paleogenomes. Something that corresponds to thousands of individuals older than 10,000 years. Your conclusion. The Neanderthal DNA patterns that we carry today in our genetic material They are not well explained by “isolated pulse” models, but rather the symmetry found between the genomes of Europe and Asia indicates that there was prolonged contact. In this way, as modern humans expanded out of Africa, which is what we know as Out of Africa, about 60,000 years agowere pushing a demographic frontier. On this advance front, gene flow was moderate but constant. That is why it was not a one-day event, but a long geographical process. The how. To understand this you have to look complementary studies which suggest that the key is in spatial gradients. To visualize the concept, we can imagine a wave that advances as if they were the Sapiens who were moving and encountering the Neanderthals. But the key is that Neanderthal ancestry is not uniform. This means that the first sapiens in Europe had a high level of Neanderthal DNA, but later expansions, such as the arrival of Neolithic farmers from Anatolia, they “watered down” that Neanderthal heritage, especially in Europe, creating a notable difference with the populations of Asia. This is where the study presented in 2026 confirms that only a model of persistent expansion with gene flow can explain why we find signs of interbreeding almost 4,000 km from the point of origin in the Near East. When did it happen? This is where things get interesting when crossing the data with other recent studies, like the one published in Nature in 2024. And although the area was large, the time window was critical. Analysis of more than 300 early human genomes points to a “single window” of major hybridization between 47,000 and 43,000 years ago. This excludes previous theories that suggested multiple, very ancient pulses. And to go a little further, there was a moment, when our species was securing its dominance in Eurasia, when the barrier between species blurred across a huge geographic swath. A map of interactions. What this body of research suggests is that the hybrid zone encompasses almost all of the Neanderthal sites known as Western Eurasia, so it implies geographically extensive interactions. However, as is often the case in science, caution must be maintained. This study has yet to undergo a full review and has limitations in that it is based on demographic assumptions and that it does not model the natural selection that we have in the genetic world. Even so, the image is increasingly clear: we are not the result of one species that replaced another suddenly. We are, in part, the result of a long border of contact where, for millennia, the line between “them” and “us” was much more blurred than we thought. Images | Marc Tremblay In Xataka | Humans are evolving live on the Tibetan plateau. And understanding what happens there will be essential in space

Mazda has a plug-in hybrid perfect for Europe. The problem is that for Europe it is electric and pays tariffs like an electric

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If I had to define this story with one word, I would have no doubt: bizarre. To get an idea of ​​the mess, let’s go with a few strokes that we will break down little by little: Mazda has a Chinese electric car that actually has a combustion engine The European Union has lifted tariffs on Chinese electric cars and Mazda has to pay 30% for each one it imports into Europe The European Union does not impose tariffs on Chinese cars with combustion engines. This exception is being used by Chinese brands to gain market share in Europe. Mazda does have to pay tariffs for that electric car that, in reality, has a combustion engine even though the European Union does not impose additional tariffs on Chinese cars with combustion engines. Yes, my head is spinning too. Let’s try to explain it. The history of tariffs To explain a story, Manolito Gafotas was clear: let’s go to the beginning of time. In October 2024after months warning and after some negotiations with China, the European Union raised some additional tariffs to Chinese electric cars that were already paying 10% per car sold in Europe. These tariffs take into account the alleged state aid that China has given to each brand and the willingness of each brand to collaborate. That is, not all pay the same. These taxes were placed on all electric cars that came from China, regardless of the brand that imported them. This is key because all the European brands that bring their cars from China they also have to pay given that, except Teslano foreign brand manufactures its cars in China without being linked to a local automaker. Changan, which is the brand that concerns us here, has to pay 20% additional tariffs that are added to the 10% basic tariffs. That is, for each car sold in Europe, it has to pay an extra cost of 30% on its value. This Chinese company is associated with Mazda, who uses the base of its Deepal cars to bring the Mazda 6e and the next Mazda CX-6e. The first of them we have already been able to drive it in Xataka And, as we told you, it is a car that carries some of the inconveniences of its Chinese origin but whose main attraction is the price. This association It has allowed Mazda a very important step. The company is a small company so investments have to be very well directed and, seeing the embrace that the electric car is receiving in Europe, they have done the math and were not interested in paying for the full development of their own car. But, yes, they have to comply with European emissions standards if they do not want to be fined heavily. One option is to pay the fine. The second is reduce its emissions level below 93.6 gr/k of CO2almost a chimera for a brand where electrification is the exception. The third, and most likely, is to be part of a pool with companies like Tesla to buy their emissions credits. The Mazda 6e and the Mazda CX-6e is very good news for the company since it puts two electric cars on the market at a very low cost for them and a very high profit. For each electric unit sold, the reduction in emissions is substantial and even if they remain above the limit they will have to pay less for those emissions credits. An electric that is not (at all) electric But, in addition to these two aces, Mazda had a third ace up its sleeve. Your saloon Also sold in China as Extended Range Electric (EREV). That is, we are talking about an electric car with 200 kilometers of electric range supported by a combustion engine. In this case, a 1.5 four-cylinder engine that acts as an electrical generator. He extended range electric It is a solution that Mazda itself uses in a car of its own development, the MX-30 REVand it is the option that is proposed to be able to carry out a new sports car replacing the legendary MX-5. The EREV has the advantage of being able to travel hundreds of kilometers in completely electric mode with the appropriate battery and, if necessary, draw on the combustion engine. Mazda’s intention is to improve it in its entirely models with a rotary engine. Thus, the motor hardly takes up any space and adds very little weight to an assembly that will inevitably be weighed down by the weight of the battery, what is happening within the Japanese company itself. But are we talking about a plug-in hybrid? In practice, yes. The car uses the combustion engine as an electrical generator. Thus, it operates at the most efficient rpm in most situations, providing electricity to the battery and that electricity is sent to the electric motors, which are what actually drive the wheels. The advantage is that you have an electric car for everyday lifewith a safety net on long trips and, despite everything, the immediate torque and smoothness of an electric vehicle. The solution in fact, seems like one of the most logical options with the tightening of the European Union’s emissions conditions. And most Chinese plug-in hybrid cars already work this way on most occasions to lower their consumption. But at Mazda they send a message: It will be difficult to see this version in Europe. And there is a technical detail that differentiates a plug-in hybrid from an extended-range electric car. The European Union makes a distinction between the two that does not focus on whether or not it has a gasoline engine, it focuses on what energy propels the wheels. That is, the Mazda 6e EREV is considered electric because its combustion engine never drives the wheels, always works as a series hybrid. Many Chinese cars prioritize this way of working but they are considered plug-in hybrids because, very specifically, their technology does allow the combustion engine to directly … Read more

make it clear that “microhybrid” cars are not hybrid cars

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There have never been so many hybrid cars sold in Europe as in 2025. At least that’s what ACEA accounts affirmwho point out that 34.5% of the cars sold in Europe were hybrids, far surpassing gasoline cars (26.6% market share). In this classification, ACEA includes microhybrids, gasoline cars with a small electric motor barely 24 or 48 volts which usually act as a starter motor and occasionally support the gasoline block to save what, in practice, is barely a few tenths of fuel. In the best case, this electric motor can move the car by itself a few meters but They are a few exceptions in the market. Should the microhybrids in this classification? It is a good debate because in theory they are hybrids but in practice they barely save fuel or emissions, so their real impact on homologation figures is minimal. The real problem comes when those same cars do get real distinction on the street, beyond the numbers. Europe has embraced environmental seals to allow or not allow cars to enter its low-emission zones. But he has done it in a very different way. Germany gives its number 4 stamp, the best, to all cars that comply with Euro 1 (all cars from 1993 onwards) if they are gasoline. Diesels must be at least Euro 4 (2006 onwards) to receive this distinction. France makes no distinctions between hybrids and gasoline cars that exceed Euro 5 (as of 2011), for them, only electric and fuel cell cars receive preferential treatment. DGT Spain environmental labeling But in Spain things are very different. As in previous cases, Euro standards have been taken into account to deliver the DGT environmental stickers. But there is a very important nuance. Thus, the environmental labeling in Spain it is the following: Label A (without badge): gasoline cars before Euro 3 (year 2000) and diesel cars before Euro 4 (year 2006) Label B: gasoline cars that comply with Euro 3 (year 2000 onwards) and diesel cars that comply with Euro 4 (year 2006 onwards) Label C: gasoline cars that comply with Euro 4 (year 2006 onwards) and diesel cars that comply with Euro 6 (year 2015 onwards) ECO label: hybrid, LPG and CNG cars and plug-in hybrids or extended range electric cars with less than 40 kilometers of completely electric autonomy. Zero emissions label: plug-in and electric hybrids with more than 40 kilometers of electric range. Hydrogen fuel cell cars are also included. This classification method has created a problem. Microhybrids, which only improve fuel consumption or performance by a few tenths emissions of a gasoline car receive a classification (ECO) that substantially improves on pure gasoline (C) since they are considered hybrids. But, in addition, they cause delicate and contradictory situations. As environmental labeling is not delivered by actual emissions volume, the microhybrid has been used as a trap to pay less rates in road tax (IVTM) in cities like Madrid where the use of hybrids is subsidized or for enter the city center and, in some cases, park at a lower price on streets with regulated parking areas. This has meant that, for example, a Seat Ibiza 80 HP and approved consumption of 5.3 liters receive a C label with 113 gr/km of CO2 and a Audi Q7 340 HP with an approved consumption of 10.6 liters and 241 gr/km of CO2. The same thing happens with a bmw x5 which can also receive the ECO label as a diesel with 282 HP because its 12 HP electric motor saves it from having the C label. Both SUVs, the Audi and the BMW, can circulate in the most restrictive areas of Madrid no restrictions and park on the street in this space for a maximum of two hours but with a 50% bonus. In addition, they receive a bonus in the IVTM. The Seat Ibiza does not have a discount on its taxes or on surface parking. Additionally, you can only enter Madrid’s most protected low-emission zones if you park in an underground car park. If you do not do so, you will have to pay a fine of 200 euros. Mexico takes measures In Mexico, where there are also serious pollution problems, the authorities have taken steps to reduce the volume of cars on the street. It is the most effective and direct measure they have found to improve air quality. The program is called Not Circulating Today and requires leaving the car at home on different days of the week and in different circumstances if it is considered to be too polluting. In short, cars in Mexico have what are known as holograms, which would be our equivalent to environmental stickers in Spain. These holograms have different categories ranging from Exempt to 00, 0, 1 and 2 from least to most polluting. Within the “Exempt” category, there is a differentiation between electric, plug-in hybrids and non-plug-in hybrids in another internal division. Regardless of the latter, vehicles with Exempt and 00 holograms do not have to face the Hoy No Circula restrictions, but there is a substantial difference. Electric vehicles in the Exempt category do not have to pass emissions tests at the “verificentro” (similar to our ITV) throughout its useful life. Hybrids, however, have to pass it every eight years to verify that they comply with the maximum permitted emissions limits. For their part, category 00 cars have to undergo these inspections every two years and then they will repeat more frequently. That is to say, the difference in whether a car is classified as Exempt or 00 lies in the time and money that must be dedicated to its maintenance since each visit to the “check center” is not free. The substantial change is that, now, Mexico classifies microhybrids as vehicles with a 00 hologram. That is, there is no difference with a newly registered gasoline car. Until this year they were part of the Exempt category but that has ended because they consider that the electrical support is … Read more

We have found a very rare “hybrid” blood type that only three people out of half a million have

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At school they taught us a basic rule of the biology of our blood that would accompany us throughout our lives: o we are A, or B, AB or else O. He ABO system of the blood discovered by Landsteiner For more than a century, it has been the pillar of modern hematology and is essential for performing a transfusion or transplant. However, genetics has a habit of reminding us that biology does not follow the dogmas we have been taught in textbooks. Other blood types. The ABO system is undoubtedly the majority in our species and that’s what we’re completely used to handling. But the reality is that there are other groups that are really minorities, like the one they have discovered a group of researchers from Thailandwhich has confirmed what seemed like a statistical anomaly. In this way, after analyzing the blood of 544,000 people, they have found a “hybrid type” of blood that It is extremely rare. So rare, that in that massive sample only three people own it. And this is not only a challenge for the different health systems that must have greater control over blood transfusions, since giving blood that is not compatible to these patients can be a death sentence. A goal. The study, carried out by researchers linked to the National Blood Center of Thailand and recently reviewed, started from a brute force premise: mass analysis. By screening more than half a million donors, the goal was identify rare phenotypes that escape the standard typing tests used in hospitals for the majority group. And so much so that they have achieved it. What they found in this case were three subjects who did not fit the usual patterns. This was not simply a rare blood type (as AB negative might be in certain populations), but a genetic structure that defies the Mendelian genetics that are classic in the human blood group. And to see it in magnitude, of the 544,000 subjects, only three presented this variant, which means that it has a prevalence of 0.00055%. Hybrid blood. Once we know how rare it is, the question becomes clear: what is hybrid blood? In general, it is necessary to know that the blood group is determined by a series of antigens that are on the surface of the red blood cells that travel through the bloodstream. These antigens are placed there by specific enzymes. If a person has enzyme A, they will be blood group A. If they have enzyme B they will be group B and if they have both they will be AB. And this is where the deep science comes in: the ABO gene is incredibly diverse in our environment. What these three individuals present seems to be a variant of what in hematology known as cis-AB phenotypes or B(A) hybrids. Instead of inheriting an A allele from one parent and a B allele from the other, they possess a mutation that allows a single allele to code for both enzymes at once, or create a “mutant” enzyme capable of performing both functions. A confirmation. This is an idea that On paper it looked very good.especially after research that pointed to the possibility of a hybrid enzyme that had both functions. Now the Thai team has only confirmed that this phenomenon really exists in humans. The problem of transfusions. We might think this is just a curiosity for geneticists, but it has real implications. If one of these three people needed an urgent transfusion and was misclassified with a standard test, the consequences could be fatal, since they would develop a major immunological reaction at the time of being transfused, which would seriously put their life at risk. All this because the immune system is ready to attack everything that is foreign, that is, everything that does not resemble what is inside. Thus, if blood is transfused that has small modifications to the red blood cells, it can react by destroying them and creating a potentially fatal reaction. It is not an isolated event. Although this may seem like an oddity that has only now been discovered, the reality is that there are many blood types that fall outside the classic ABO. One of the most curious It is known as ‘golden blood’ where you are neither Rh positive nor negative, but null. This makes him a universal donor (hence his name), but the problem is that he can only receive transfusions from his own blood group, which is extremely rare to find. Although it is not the only one, since we have rarer groups such as Gwada-Negative which is accompanied by other important neurological symptoms. Images | Aman Chaturvedi In Xataka | Not all brain cells age at the same time: we have found a “hot spot” of aging

the Stadler plant will be responsible for building 200 hybrid locomotives

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Stadler, a well-known Swiss manufacturer responsible for producing railway equipment, has announced a historic contract with the Luxembourg locomotive rental company Nexrail. The idea is to build up to 200 hybrid locomotives EURO9000. Although the company has not revealed official figures, according to According to Expansión, the order could reach 1.4 billion euros, taking into account that previous similar contracts have been around 7 million per unit. And why is all this important? Precisely because all production will be carried out at Stadler’s plant in Albuixech, Valencia. A boost for the Valencian industry. This mega order represents a fairly important injection of work for Stadler’s Valencian factory and consolidates its position as a strategic production center within the Swiss group. The Albuixech plant will be responsible for manufacturing the most powerful locomotive which is currently produced in Europe, a great recognition of the technical and industrial capacity that the Valencian factory provides. Hybrid technology. The EURO9000 hybrid It combines pantograph and batteries on a six-axis platform already proven on the market. With its multi-system design it allows it to operate without problems between borders of Germany, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Italy. In addition, it can transport goods completely emission-free from terminal to terminal, which leaves aside diesel, a fuel that still predominates in many European corridors. Power. According to Stadler, these locomotives can operate alone even on the most demanding routes, such as transalpine corridors, without the need for an additional thrust locomotive. In direct current networks, the battery system provides extra power that improves performance and allows more load to be transported. It also offers an intelligent battery management system that optimizes regenerative braking, which reduces costs during peak electrical consumption and allows energy to be purchased at times of lowest price. The client and the first operator. The first user of these locomotives will be Hamburger Rail Service (HRS), according to has confirmed Stadler. “The EURO9000 with pantograph and batteries offers HRS a unique combination of flexible traction on lines with or without catenary, high traction capacity for our heavy loads and zero-emission operations,” explained Adem Gülaz, CEO of HRS. Decarbonization. Iñigo Parra, president of Stadler Valencia, has underlined that the order “reveals our joint commitment to sustainable innovation in rail freight transport.” For his part, Luuk von Meijenfeldt, CEO of Nexrail, highlighted that the company is “excited to lead the European locomotive market towards a zero-emissions future” and that this order marks “an important step in that transition.” Europe’s goals. The rail freight sector is immersed in a transformation process to meet European climate objectives, similar to what’s happening right now in the automotive world on the continent. Complete electrification of all lines is still economically unfeasible, so hybrid locomotives with batteries are now emerging as the most realistic solution for decarbonize the sector without giving up the operational flexibility that diesel locomotives still offer on non-electrified sections. Cover image | Stadler and Ivan Arlandis In Xataka | The lack of generational change has opened a job opportunity for thousands of young people in Spain: bus driver

Germany wants to end the plug-in hybrid scam. Your industry is at stake

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We do not know how much plug-in hybrids consume and it is not very clear what they pollute. We do not know because it is very difficult to understand how the driver of a vehicle of this type behaves and, intrinsically, it is just as difficult to replicate these conditions in a laboratory test. That is why plug-in hybrids consumed just one liter of fuel according to official approvals. That’s why they now consume much more. And that is why for entities like Transport&Environment, they are cars that They consume seven times more than they say. All of this has put in the spotlight a technology that looks like the perfect bridge to jump from combustion car to electric. With plug-in hybrids that travel more than 100 kilometers in purely electric mode, the solution seems perfect for those clients who they do not dare to take the step to a pure electric car. With Europe determined to make the jump to the electric car and some clients who do not fully embrace this new paradigm, Germany has chosen to position them as the logical evolution. To convince the rest of Europe, he wants to put a stop to those who use the plug-in hybrid as a pure combustion vehicle. And why do you take this step? Because your industry is at stake. More combustion please Just a few days ago, Germany and Italy presented themselves to Europe as the guarantors of the combustion engines from 2035. In front they have Spain and France who have teamed up so that we forget about this type of mechanics from 2035 if they are not neutral in carbon emissions. This would leave out plug-in hybrids. The plan goes through a review of objectivesan analysis of how the European Union is adapting to the new regulations. A process that Germans and Italians want to take advantage of to modify the regulations already approved. Germany’s latest proposal has been launched from the VDA association (Verband der Automobilindustrie), which encompasses German industry manufacturers. These manufacturers, including those who said they would make the leap to electric cars even before 2035 (such as mercedes either Audi) are now committed to maintaining combustion engines. They assure that there is not enough demand of electric cars to guarantee production and anticipate massive layoffs if the jump to “neutral in carbon emissions” is made. What is now proposed is to keep plug-in hybrids alive in exchange for the driver being obliged to recharge the car in a specific kilometer cycle. Although it has not been specified how long that number of cycles would be, the punishment has been proposed: limiting the power of the car. Technically, the car would have a software that counts the number of kilometers that the vehicle has not been used in purely electric mode. At a certain point, if the car is not recharged, the vehicle’s power is limited as a clear reminder that the time has come to plug in the car. The obvious intention is to prevent someone from buying this type of car and never using the car in electric mode. Although from a purely economic point of view it doesn’t make much senseright now in Spain if you buy a plug-in hybrid you can receive a minimum of 2,500 euros discount with the MOVES III Plan (if the car does not exceed 45,000 euros before VAT is applied) but counts as an electric car if the range is greater than 90 kilometers, increasing the aid to 4,500 euros discount and 7,000 euros if a vehicle is scrapped. In addition, many cities have advantages such as free parking in zones with limited hours, entering the interior of the ZBE or using the lane Bus-HOV despite only having one passenger inside. In return for maintaining combustion engines, Germany wants to put a stop to traps that operate in a similar way to AdBlue, for example, which prevents starting a diesel car whose tank is completely empty. It is not the first proposal to arrive for plug-in hybrids either. On other occasions the possibility of fence cities using GPS so that this type of automobile can only operate in completely electric mode within the city or very specific places in it (schools, hospitals…). This is something that can already be done and German manufacturers such as BMW has been mounting it for years with options in the browser that allow you to move only in electric mode within the municipalities and they save battery (or even produce it by converting the car into an electric generator) if passing through a city is contemplated on the route. Photo | bmw In Xataka | That people don’t charge their plug-in hybrid cars is not good for Toyota: so they have decided to change our habits with an app

As Europe fights Russia’s hybrid war, a Spanish invention simplifies how to take down its drones in seconds

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Europe attends a wave of drone raids that have violated its airspace, closed airports and exposed the fragility of its defenses. Faced with this hybrid and growing threat, the European Union study get up an “anti-drone wall”: a technological network of radars, sensors and neutralization systems designed to shield the continental sky against an invisible, cheap and increasingly closer enemy. In fact, Spain has several developments underway that it is about to test. The awakening of Spain. The advancement of drones in modern conflicts has completely transformed the nature of warand Spain is preparing to face it with an ambitious military modernization plan. The Armed Forces will celebrate from October 20 to 24 the Atlas 25 exercise in Huelva, the largest joint meeting of Land, Air and Navy for defense and attack with drones. There, Spanish observation, interception and electronic warfare systems will be tested, with the participation of the Defense Operations Command and INTA. It is not just a tactical maneuver: it is a awakening demonstration technology of the national industry, in which companies such as Indra, Arquimea, TRC and Escribano seek to position themselves at the core of European defense against an enemy that already dominates the sky with cheap and lethal swarms. Atlas 25: the great showcase. The exercise will serve as a testing ground for solutions ranging from offensive drones like the Q-Slam 40 of Archimeacapable of operating without GPS, to inhibition and defense systems developed by Indra and Escribano. But it will also be an industrial showcase in which Spain will show its capacity for technological integration and public-private cooperation. The war in Ukraine has shown that every platform is vulnerable to surveillance and air attack, and that survival depends on the speed with which new electronic warfare tools are developed. Following the recent incursions of Russian drones into European airspace, the need for this “anti-drone wall” has become a priority. The Atlas 25Therefore, it is not only a military exercise, but a political and strategic gesture that places Spain at the forefront of that continental response. Nexor Nexor full integration. The Army has chosen the Nexor systemdeveloped by TRC, as the cornerstone of its new electronic warfare strategy. We are talking about a new platform modular command and control which centralizes the information from all deployed sensors in a single interface. In recent maneuvers in Ciudad Real carried out by the 31st Electronic Warfare Regiment, Nexor (militarily named like Cerberus) has demonstrated its ability to detect, intercept and inhibit hostile drones or enemy communications, even in crowded electronic environments. He integrated system artificial intelligence and machine learning, and its open architecture allows the incorporation of new sensors or updates without redoing its structure. On a front where every second counts, Nexor promises to reduce the gap between detection and responseoffering the soldier a unified and simplified view of the environment to overthrow drones in fractions of a second. Nexor National product. In other words, with this system that is being tested, Spain takes a step towards technological sovereignty by processing and storing its own data, without depending on foreign codes or transferring sensitive information to allied or competing powers. The collaboration between TRC and the Army has led to a 100% national tool that reinforces the country’s strategic autonomy and anticipates the type of war in which so much waves like data They are as (or more) decisive than missiles. Strategic investment. The Ministry of Defense promotes a program of 646 million euros intended to reinforce the electronic warfare of the Army, awarded to Indra under the protection of article 346 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, which allows certain contracts to be excluded from common regulations for reasons of national security. 60% of the investment will be allocated to light capabilities, with 16 mobile systems equipped with Vamtac vehicles and interoperable sensors. The forecast is that Indra will rely on specialized companies as CRTwhich has worked with the Army to adapt the solutions to their real needs. The objective seems clear: to create a Spanish, scalable and sovereign system, which combines industrial experience with the technological agility that the battlefield demands today. Spain and the new border. There is no doubt, the lessons from ukraine have exposed both the vulnerability of armies against drones and the urgency to adapt to a war where control of the spectrum is as important as that of the land or the air. Atlas 25 comes at a time when Europe is seeking shield your skies in the face of the Russian hybrid threat and in which Spain emerges as a unexpectedly prepared actor. If you also want, the national industry has gone from being a secondary supplier to becoming a tactical innovation laboratorywhere the integration between technology, intelligence and digital sovereignty set the course. If the future of warfare is a fight between algorithms, sensors and autonomous machines, the nation seems willing to not to be left behind. And Atlas 25 will ultimately be the litmus test of that commitment. Image | CRT In Xataka | Europe has found the antidote to Russian drones. So demand for a 100-year-old gun has skyrocketed In Xataka | Europe has decided to take action against Moscow’s hybrid war. So Germany has started hunting for Russian drones

Europe has decided to take action against Moscow’s hybrid war. So Germany has started hunting for Russian drones

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Which started as a succession of technical incidents and contradictory testimonies did not take long to shake the governments of the old continent, mobilizing ships and planes, and forcing Berlin to rewrite the rules about when and how something floating above our heads can be knocked down. On that invisible chessboard there was a question that everyone avoided answering: who really presses the button that launches these devices, and for what purpose? Now, Germany and the rest of Europe seem to agree. The invisible front. we have been counting. Europe has entered an unprecedented phase of aerial vulnerability. In just a few months, a wave of incursions by unidentified drones (some over airports, industrial plants and strategic centers) has forced the closure of airspace, diverting flights and putting on alert to the forces navies of several countries. In Germany, air traffic disruptions have been multiplied by 33% in a single year, and what began as a succession of isolated incidents has become a continental phenomenon that many attribute to a hybrid offensive orchestrated by Russia. And more. These raids, without constituting a formal act of war, are part of a destabilization strategy broader that combines cyberattacks, sabotage and technological intimidation to gauge NATO’s reaction and test European response capacity without crossing the threshold of direct confrontation. Germany changes doctrine. Until recently, German authorities were limited to detecting drones, without being able to intervene on them. However, the magnitude of the raids (which forced even at closing of Munich airport and left thousands of passengers stranded) has forced a legal change of enormous significance. The Government of Friedrich Merz has approved a bill authorizing the federal police to shoot down drones that violate German airspace or represent an immediate danger, using everything from kinetic shots to laser weapons and electronic jamming systems. It is not a trivial topic. It is about the first modification of the police law since 1994, and its parliamentary approval will place Germany at the level from France, the United Kingdom, Lithuania and Romaniacountries that already allow the active neutralization of unmanned aircraft. The Executive has also announced the creation of a national anti-drone unit that will be in charge of neutralizing low-altitude devices, while those with greater power will remain under military jurisdiction. Between safety and climbing. The approval of this law reflects a dilemma that crosses all of Europe: how to respond to Russian hybrid aggression without provoking an escalation of war. Chancellor Merz himself has acknowledged that many of the intercepted aircraft appear to be carrying out reconnaissance flights, without weapons, but with clear strategic intentions. At the same time, Interior Minister Alexander Dobrindt has underlined that operations in urban environments must be governed by the principle of proportionality to avoid collateral damage. Fear that a misidentification could lead to a diplomatic or military incident keeps security forces on edge. a constant balance between firmness and prudence. Meanwhile, Germany modernizes its defense with systems such as the Rheinmetall Skyrangerdesigned to neutralize swarms of drones in the middle of a hybrid war, and strengthens its coordination with NATO in the face of the risk that the technological frontier will also become a political frontier. The risk of the “gray zone”. Recent incidents in Poland, Estonia and Romania (where Russian drones and MiG-31 fighters have violated allied airspace) have prompted NATO to review its rules of engagement. Countries bordering Russia, backed by France and the United Kingdom, have proposed more aggressive measures: allow pilots to open fire without visual confirmation, arm surveillance drones and carry out military exercises on the same border line. Although some allies advocate containment to avoid a direct clash with a nuclear power, others maintain that the only effective deterrence is the visible action. Washington has pushed to relax response rules and even has suggested that the Alliance should “shoot Russian planes” that enter its airspace. In other words, the debate has revealed the tension between European caution and the American desire to regain the initiative against Moscow, in a context in which the war in Ukraine and Russian aerial provocations threaten to overflow the limits of conventional war. Europe and the air shield. The idea we count recently. While NATO refines its protocols, the European Union is trying to strengthen its autonomous capacity against hybrid attacks. The president of the Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, has proposed lifting that “drone wall”a network of sensors, radars and weapons that protects the eastern flank of the continent. Brussels is also preparing sanctions and restrictions to the movement of Russian diplomats suspected of directing sabotage operations, while allocating community funds to finance anti-drone systems in airports, ports and power plants. The initiative seeks not only to reinforce physical security, but also to respond politically to the Russian attempt to sow division within the EU. “Russia wants to divide us; we must respond with unity,” has warned von der Leyen, stressing that defense against gray war cannot be limited to reacting, but must focus on active deterrence. Europe in transformation. The drone challenge has forced Europe to recognize that 21st century war is not fought only with tanks and missiles, but also with algorithmsautonomous swarms and information saturation. The German law authorizes the demolition of unmanned aircraft, military coordination of NATO on the eastern flank and the new European strategy air defense They are part of the same response: that of a continent that adapts to an enemy that does not always show itself. In the diffuse space of the hybrid warwhere a civilian drone can become a strategic weapon and a cyber attack an act of war, the border between peace and conflict has become more blurred than ever. Germany, the industrial and political epicenter of the old continent, seems to have understood that security is no longer measured in battles, but in reaction seconds. And as the Ukraine war redefines the global balance of power, Europe rehearses its own defensive revival: a forced transition from pacifism to pragmatism, in which each downed … Read more

He has reborn to be the badge of Ferrari’s future hybrid

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He Ferrari Testarossa It was an absolute reference of the aesthetics and style of the end of the 80s and 90s, mainly because of its prominence in the series ‘Corruption in Miami’where he shared screen with the Sonny Crockett and Ricardo Tubbs detectives. His image, associated with luxury and glamor, turned it In aspirational symbol and desire object in international auctions, reaching bids above 200,000 euros in the market of Classic Supporters. After years in which Ferrari could not use the commercial name “Testarossa”, the manufacturer Rights just recovered of use of the name to turn it into the symbol of a new era. After almost four decades of eclipse, the Ferrari Testarossa shines again in the Ferrari universe, but this time under a renewed approach that mixes past and future. After launching New Ferrari 849 Testarossa 2026the Italian brand is committed to joining the legendary character of its most emblematic model with the current technological demands, and does so by raising the flag of The plug -in hybridization. After the cessation of its production in 1996 and a long litigation with the German toy Autec Ag, Ferrari managed to recover the rights of the name “Testarossa” thanks to second -hand sales, spare parts and official miniatures. That legal gaze saved the Testarossa from extinction. As if A movie from Jurassic Park It would be, Ferrari has recovered the DNA of its classic sport and has revived it with the Ferrari 849 Testarossa 2026. Ferrari has reinvented testarossa as a direct evolution of his SF90 Stradale in a plug -in hybrid with 4 -liturbo V8 engine and three electrical thrusters. According to them Official specificationsthe thermal block delivery 830 hp of power and the electric motors total 220 hp, which raises the total power up to 1,050 hp. Its 7.45 kWh battery offers approved electrical autonomy of 25 km, so it is not enough to obtain the zero DGT labelalthough we do not believe it is a priority for the owner of this type of supercar. The 849 Testarossa registers an acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h in less than 2.3 seconds and reaches 200 km/h in 6.3 seconds. Its maximum speed exceeds 330 km/h. The model is available in Coupé body and a spider with retractable roof system and opening up to 45 km/h. In addition, a Fioran Asetto versionwith An improvement package which incorporates ultralight components in titanium and carbon fiber to reduce the total weight by 30 kg and equipa multimatic suspension, carbon wheels and CUP R2 type tires for circuit, as well as an advanced aerodynamic kit that multiplies the load on both axes. Ferrari 849 Testarossa 2026 ASETTO FIORANO It’s retro, it’s future The design of the 849 Testarossa Fusiona stylistic reminiscences of models that have made history in the brand, Like the Ferrari 512 with aerodynamic forms inspired by the “Sport Prototypes of the 70s.” Despite recovering the name and Essence of the 80s and 90 classicthe new Testarossa applies a retrofuturist aesthetic with sharp lines in the nose and a robust and ascending rear, but without tributes to the mythical side rack of the previous Testarossa. The interior is committed to a driving position without stridency and centered on the pilot, with a curved digital picture and presence of physical controls in the steering wheel. In front of the companion’s seat a thin screen integrated in the dashboard offers information to the co -pilot. According The published by Diariomotor849 Testarossa will arrive with a base price of 460,000 euros for the Coupé and 500,000 euros for spider. The first units will be delivered in 2026, opening a new hybrid stage under the name Testarossa. In Xataka | There are those who believe that being rich is a sufficient requirement to have a Ferrari. The most important thing is something else: Ferrari fell well Image | Ferrari

Toyota is clear what Spain is still hybrid country

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Sell ​​what touches where it touches. Toyota has a maximum and it is clear that they want to make clear their potential clients who are not willing to make the jump to the electric car without guarantees. While other brands begin to back down, Toyota doesn’t have to do it. The question is whether it will be late when you want to go ahead. At the moment, this is your way. “We will not drive”. “I hope we can establish Toyota’s electricity in the markets where they achieve strong sales. But we will not boost them in those markets where there is no demand.” These have been the words of Andrea Carlucci, Chief of Toyota in Europe, Automobilwoche. In the German medium, Carlucci wanted to make it clear that they hope to sell in each market what the client claims them although he recognizes that he is not being easy with all the possibilities above the table. “Toyota has always prioritized the client. Determine what technology to offer and adjust it to customer demand It is being particularly difficult. “ Toyota’s strategy. Until now, Toyota has made it clear that he will only sell in each market what the market asks. “Even taking into account the regulations, I think Our growth with hybrids has been organic. We are responding to the strong demand for hybrids in Europe, “says Carlucci. His words are a clear reflection of what the company has been warning. Yes, you will sell electric cars, and Your last ads They are a good example of this, but They do not renounce hydrogen For those who expect keep enjoying sound and the sensations of a combustion engine. Of course, in the United States your strategy with this product is not going too well. And in Spain? Spain has been one of those indicated. “The demand for electric is low in countries such as Italy and Spain. It is difficult to predict what the future quota will be like. As mass manufacturers, it is our duty to serve the demand of customers in each individual market in which we are active.” And the data stress that the company’s strategy is being correct in our country. In the accumulated of the yearToyota does not have a single car among the 10 best selling in our country. And yet, it is the brand that sells the most cars by adding 58,734 registration until July. Far from the 50,972 Renault units and much more than 46,550 Volkswagen units. At this time, 41.51% of Spanish registrations are hybrid cars, for 7.76% electric. He Toyota Corolla He leads sales as the best -selling hybrid and three of the four best -selling cars with this technology are from Toyota. Among the plug -in hybrids, only the Toyota C-HR manages to face Byd Seal U.. And the BZ4X He is tracing among the electric (best -selling sixth) after a recent campaign to lower his price. Backing down. While others have made promises to jump into the electric car in pure brand image, Toyota does not have to face the need to back down. In recent months, Mercedes He has had to confirm that he will continue to investigate with combustion engines. Also Audi. AND Opel, the first generalist In saying that all their releases would be electric from 2025 (and completely electric in 2028) has also done the same. Although Toyota has been indicated for not launching more electric cars to the market and it has been ensured that it was “La Nokia del Autos”the truth is that the hug to the electric car in Europe is not being expected and that is why the brands have begun to brake. But you have to comply. Taking into account the mismatch that seems to exist between European regulators and customer demands, it remains to be seen how toyota faces possible fines to which it risks from 2027. It seems clear that in regions such as regions such as regions such as Germany either Belgium They will have a good opportunity to sell their electric ones but we will have to see if it is enough. The European demand is to force the brands to be below 93.6 gr/km of CO2 contemplating the Average emissions from 2025 to 2027. For each gram exceeded, fines of 95 euros per car sold are contemplated. Here, countries like Spain can be a slab too big. The Toyota Corolla with the least powerful engine Approval 100 gr/km of CO2 and a C-HR rises to 105 gr/km of CO2. It must also be taken into account that plug -in hybrids no longer subtract as before In the average emissions because the way to calculate its emissions has been changed. Therefore, Toyota seems to be clear that he will have to scratch his pocket and enter an agreement with other companies to appear before the European Union with an average emissions below the maximum allowed. Tesla looks like one of the great candidates. Photo | Toyota In Xataka | Toyota boast “Kaizen” philosophy and a sickly perfectionism. Tesla and Byd have serious doubts that it is really useful

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