humans

In 1969, humans set foot on the Moon for the first time. He did it thanks to a computer less powerful than your cell phone

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The arrival to the Moon It was one of the scientific and technological milestones most notable of the 20th century and something that remained in those who lived and in those who did not thanks to the images and audios. Something that happened more than 40 years ago, when there were still many technological revolutions to come, such as personal computers or mobile phones. What technologies made it possible for humans to reach the Moon? Something that is already fascinating in itself, but it is even more so if you know the details of the computers, cameras and other devices that were used in the mission, taking into account their characteristics. What technology made it possible for three human beings they reached the moonWould they walk around and tell us in the meantime? We travel in time and space to review. like matryoshkas The Apollo 11 mission was the eleventh of a NASA program that had a total of 22 missions (19 of them being successful), in the 1960s until 1972. Until mission 7 the launches were unmanned and mission 8 was the first to orbit the Moon, but for all of them a Saturn rocket launcher was used. The one for Apollo 11 was the Saturn V, a rocket 110.64 meters high and weighing 2,700 tons with a tank full of fuel (the largest NASA has ever built). Depending on the stage (there were three, S-IC, S-II and S-IVB) the number of engines varied and so did the fuel, which were mixtures of oxygen, kerosene or liquid hydrogen. But the Saturn V was not the one that reached the Moon, but rather the one that went out into space and directed the modules towards it. These modules were the command and service (CM) and the lunar (LEM); The CM contained the engine of the propulsion system that was responsible for entering and leaving lunar orbit and had space for three astronauts, and the LEM was the first ship designed to be able to fly in a vacuum, without aerodynamic capacity. (POT) The LEM separated from the CM as it entered the orbit of the Moon and descended to its surface. It was designed to land only on the Moon since the legs were so weak that they would not support the weight of the LEM in Earth’s gravity (9.8 m/s² versus 1.6 m/s² on the Moon). There was room here for only two astronauts. The speeds that were reached (increasing upon entering the gravitational field of the Moon) were 3,700 kilometers per hour and up to 9,000 km/h due to lunar gravity. And here comes a question: how is it possible to brake at those speeds? To enter lunar orbit, hypergolic braking was used (using hydrazine, dimethylhydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide, hypergolic compounds – which explode without a heat source) and engine shutdown. The computers of the Apollo 11 mission To review the computing involved in the Apollo 11 mission, we must take into account the emission and reception, that is, what was on the ground and what the aircraft carried. And it is also worth remembering that at the time a computer was far from being something domestic or common, or from fitting on a desk. On Earth, in the Goddard Space Flight Center and the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, worked with the IBM System/360 75 mainfream, which (along with the 44, 91, 95 and 195) was implemented with hardwired logic instead of microcode like all other IBM S/360 models. For the curious techieshere a configuration diagram and explanation of the team. In the ships, however, the Apollo Guiding Computer (AGC), manufactured by Raytheon and designed by the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. This team stood out for being one of the first to use integrated circuits. There was one in the LEM and another in the CM. The specifications of these teams are surprising not because the numbers are smaller compared to the current ones, but because even making the effort to place our minds in the 1960s, it is impressive to see that teams like this managed to carry out something as complex as a round trip to the Moon. The AGC had storage of 36,864 14-bit words and RAM of 2,048 words. (POT) Comparing it with later equipment, more or less between the two AGCs they have approximately the same memory as what a Commodore-64 (from 1982) had, but it was about eight times less powerful than an IBM XT (from 1981, which was 4.77 MHz compared to 0.043 MHz for the AGC). In fact, a computer with half a GB of RAM has 100,000 times more memory than AGC. But computers do not live on hardware alone, and software here has considerable weight. 300 people participated in its creation over seven years, at an approximate cost of 46 million dollars (at the time). Among them was Allan Klumpp, a mechanical engineer at MIT whose proposal for landing on the Moon reflects all calculations as well as diagrams and drawings of the situation on the dashboard. The program was called LUMINARY and was written in MAC programming language (MIT Algebraic Compiler), but no terminal or compilation programs, this was done with some punched cards which were prepared with a kind of typewriter (and if a hole was made wrong, a new one had to be made). On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the famous achievement, it was transcribed the code of both modules (transcribing it), where we read that Klumpp said that this was never exempt from bugs. What is notable here is the multitaskgiven that the fact that the software allowed it was already an achievement and that it was not easy for him to carry it out. In fact, there was some alarm due to the high demand on the computers as at the time of the moon landing, which resulted in a slow response and not with all the calculations, so there was one minute of the eleven that lasted the … Read more

20 years after Dolly we still haven’t cloned humans, but stopping aging is feasible: Crossover 1×32

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In the summer of 1996, a Scottish laboratory made a breakthrough that would forever alter our understanding of genetics and ignite intense debates about the ethics and the possibilities of cloning. That day Dolly was bornthe first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell. This milestone, achieved by researchers at the Roslin Institute, opened a new era in genetic engineering and shattered the belief that only embryonic cells possess the potential for the complete development of a new individual. Since then there has been debate about the possibility of cloning human beings, but we have not done it and it does not seem that we will ever do it. Serezade, molecular biologist, researcher and scientific communicator, talks to us about that and many other things this week. But we also discussed with her another fascinating topic: how the latest advances seem to be achieving something long sought after: slow aging. There is a lot of fabric to cut here, and for example the environment, culture and habits shape our DNA. But there are also risks, ethics and genetic privacy intertwined. And all this raises a key question: does it make sense to be immortal? On YouTube | Crossover In Xataka | The promise of 120 years is dismantled: biology sets a life ceiling that is quite difficult to break

take down a Russian ghost fleet without the need for humans

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Europe has been dealing with the call for years “ghost fleet” Russian, a network of aging tankerspoorly insured and with opaque owners who have evaded sanctions, turned off transponders, manipulated routes and put European waters at risk with incidents, leaks and dangerous maneuvers. These ships have operated at border of legality to keep afloat energy income from the Kremlin, forcing Brussels to strengthen maritime controls and several coastal states to investigate suspicious incidents near critical infrastructure. The birth of an offensive. The night of November 28 marked a turning point silent but decisive in the war that has pitted Ukraine and Russia for almost three years. A few dozen km from the Turkish coast, far from the usual range of Ukrainian systems and in the heart of Moscow’s logistical rearguard, two Sea Baby naval drones (unmanned, guided by AI and armed with explosive charges weighing more than a ton) rushed at full speed against two oil tankers of the Russian “ghost fleet”the network of aging and opaquely owned ships that Moscow uses to circumvent Western sanctions. The hits against the Kairos and Virat not only showed a technological leap in the range and precision of Ukrainian naval drones, but also sent a strategic message to all actors in the global energy trade: any ship supporting Russian exports can become a military target, and kyiv is no longer limited by the geographic space of the northern Black Sea to impose that cost. The meticulous execution of the attacks (aiming propulsion and rudders to disable, not sink) reveals the extent to which Ukraine is trying to balance military effectiveness with the political risk before international partners, aware that it is hitting an economically sensitive terrain for Türkiye, Kazakhstan and several Western companies with energy interests. How the ghost fleet works. The so-called ghost fleet is one of the pillars that Russia has built since 2022 to maintain its income stream tankers, recruiting hundreds of tankers with decades of service, dubious insurers and convenience records, many of them under African flags like that of the Gambia. The Kairos and the Virat, pointed out by sanctions bodies from the United States, the United Kingdom, the EU, Switzerland and Canada, are perfect examples of this network: very old ships, with questionable maintenance, designed to operate in the legal shadows that allow real owners and routes to be hidden. Its function is key because oil continues to be the Kremlin’s financial key: only in October, Russia entered 13.1 billion dollars for sales of crude oil and derivatives, although the figure already shows a significant decrease compared to the previous year. Damaging these ships (and above all, showing that no part of the Black Sea is safe) turns each transit into a calculated risk. The ultimate goal it is erosive: increase insurance costs, slow down logistics, increase the risk perceived by intermediary companies and force them to reconsider their collaboration with Moscow. He sinking of the M/T Mersin off Senegal, although it is not proven that it was the work of Ukraine, it illustrates the growing deterioration of a fleet that operates with minimum standards. The transformation of the Sea Baby. The Sea Baby have established themselves as the spearhead of an unprecedented Ukrainian naval revolution. Their early versions acted as medium-range explosive platforms; but the updated prototype, shown by the SBU in October, has multiplied its capabilities: 1,500 kilometers of autonomy, high speeds, autonomous navigation supported by AI and up to 2,000 kilograms of payload. Now they can operate anywhere in the Black Sea, from Odessa to the Bosphorus, from Crimea to global oil routes. This expansion underlines an evolution with two simultaneous layers: Ukraine is destroying the historical Russian hegemony in the Black Sea, and it is doing no traditional boatswithout sailors and without risking lives, relying on a naval concept that Moscow has not managed to replicate with the same efficiency. The combination of drones, Western satellite reconnaissance, electronic intelligence and autonomous platforms makes the Russian navy look increasingly corneredforced to disperse fleets, reinforce escorts and operate with a caution that reduces their freedom of action. Geopolitical leap and message to third parties. That the blows occurred a few km from the Turkish coast is not a technical whim: it means that Ukraine has crossed a symbolic and geopolitical threshold. For the first time, it has attacked Russian naval infrastructure in areas where global trade, NATO and maritime law converge. The images verified by BBC show drones hitting ships that were assisted by the Turkish coast guard, in an extremely sensitive environment for Ankara. Türkiye reacted with a very low profilelimiting itself to putting out fires and rescuing crews, aware that openly protesting would go against its difficult balance between Russia, NATO and its own regional agenda. But the message is there: Ukraine is no longer limited to destroying Russian ships within the space that Moscow considered comfortable control; Now it can harass energy trade even when plying international routes. This reconfigures the calculations of insurers, shipping companies and states involved: even Kazakhstan protested after the Caspian Pipeline Consortium terminal was affected, underlining that the Ukrainian campaign is touching multinational interests. Hitting ships, but also infrastructure. One day after the attack on the oil tankers, the Sea Babies attacked the CPC marine terminal in Novorossiyskforcing it to stop operations. Is the third time In just a few months, Ukraine hits this crucial enclave. The emerging equation it’s clear: disabling ships is just one part; degrade the infrastructure that allows oil exports, another even more destructive for Moscow. Ukraine is applying a dual strategy that suffocates the Russian oil system at both ends: the ships that transport the crude oil and the points where they are loaded. The result is a predicted fall of 35% in Russian oil revenues in November and a fiscal impact that already force unpopular measures how to increase VAT or suspend payments to veterans, a sign that the Kremlin’s “war economy” is beginning to feel the accumulated pressure. A … Read more

We are more outraged by their mistakes than by humans.

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The death of Kit Kat, a beloved stray cat in the Mission district of San Francisco, has unleashed a wave of outrage against Waymo. The feline was hit by a self-driving taxi on October 27, generating a debate that goes far beyond an accident with an animal. And poor Kit Kat is not to blame for anything, but the event shows how we judge the errors of machines very differently compared to those of humans. A double standard. According to local data, human drivers killed 43 people in San Francisco last year, including 24 pedestrians. As the NYT reflects in your articlelocal authorities estimate that hundreds of animals are killed by vehicles each year in the city. However, none of those cases have generated the level of media attention, makeshift sanctuaries or political debates that the death of a single cat at the hands of a Waymo has provoked. Reactions. “Waymo? No way. I’m terrified of those things,” declared to the New York Times Margarita Lara, a waitress at the bar where the feline used to walk. Outside Randa’s Market, where the animal lived, a memorial was erected with flowers, photos and a drawing of the feline with a halo. “Save a cat. Don’t use Waymo!” read one sign. Just like assures The media, City Supervisor Jackie Fielder, who represents the Mission district, presented a resolution so that residents can decide by vote whether to allow autonomous cars to circulate in their area. “A human driver can be considered responsible, he can get off, apologize,” Fielder argued to the American media. Figures. Waymo does not deny the incident. The company recognized that the cat “jumped under the vehicle as it started” and sent his condolences. However, the firm defends its data, ensuring that its vehicles register 91% fewer serious accidents compared to human drivers who travel the same distances in the same cities, according to a study peer reviewed and published in the specialized journal Traffic Injury Prevention. San Francisco Mayor Daniel Lurie defended the technology, commenting that “Waymo is incredibly safe. It’s safer than you or me driving.” claimed in an interview. Click on the image to go to the post The paradox of technological innovation. As we said at the beginning of this article, the event has generated a debate beyond the unfortunate accident: it reflects a fundamental tension when adopting disruptive technologies. And each failure of an autonomous system receives a hundred times more media bashing than a hundred equivalent human failures. In this sense, when a human driver hits an animal, it is an individual tragedy that rarely goes beyond the neighborhood. When a robot does it, it becomes a symbol of uncontrolled technological advancement, even though statistics prove otherwise. San Francisco Animal Control Agency reported to the New York Times that in just one week it had the bodies of 12 cats hit by conventional vehicles in its facilities. An autonomous future. Waymo now operates a fleet of 1,000 vehicles in the San Francisco Bay area and has announced expansions to highways and airports. What two years ago were small technological showcases has become a tourist attraction and the preferred option of many people. A survey by the political group Grow SF showed that citizen support for Waymo jumped from 44% in September 2023 to 67% last July. Perhaps the death of Kit Kat has generated detractors, but it is a technological innovation that is increasingly convincing on the streets. Next year will have its litmus test in Europein a much stricter regulatory framework, so it remains to be seen how things progress. Cover image | Waymo and Daniel Zeidan In Xataka | In case the electric car was not enough, Europe is missing another train: that of autonomous cars

Tinder has a serious problem with bots posing as humans. So it’s going to ask you for facial recognition.

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Creating a fake profile on Tinder can take just a few minutes. Soon it won’t be so simple. The app is implementing a security measure to combat the problem of fake accounts which will force all users to undergo facial verification. Show me your face. Face verification was optional, but with Face Check it is made mandatory for all new users. During the account creation process, a selfie video will have to be taken as “proof of life”. The measure is already underway in some countries such as the United States, Australia, Canada, Colombia and India, among others. There is no date, but it is expected that it will soon be deployed in the rest of the world. Does not save the photo. Tinder’s security manager tells it in Wired. During verification, the app does not save a photo of our face, but instead saves reference points on the shape of the face and converts them into a mathematical hash. The app compares that file with its database to check if it matches another account. With this measure, Tinder will prevent the creation of bot accounts, but it will also prevent the same person from having multiple accounts. a serious problem. We don’t have updated data on the volume of fake accounts, but in 2021 it was at least 23%. Tinder admits that almost all (98%) of the moderation actions they carry out are motivated by fake accounts, spam and fraud. And the problem is serious. In 2024, Bloomberg published a report about the extent of romance frauds, many of them carried out through fake profiles created by AI. The usual topic is cryptocurrencies and other fraudulent platforms. According to the Federal Trade CommissionIn 2022 alone, more than $1.3 billion were scammed in the United States. Loss of interest. After the boom of the pandemic, Tinder began to lose users, especially paid. Others like Bumble also began to decline and the trend has continued. According to this survey78% of users were tired of using these apps. It’s what they call ‘dating fatigue‘ and basically it is that we are too lazy to flirt through apps. and trustworthy. The fact that apps are full of fake profiles does not help their growth and Tinder knows it. The new measure is aimed at regaining the trust of users, ensuring them that they are talking to a real person and not a bot or a multi-account. Of course, it still does not address other problems, such as those who upload fake photos, lie about their relationship status or they use ChatGPT to seem more interesting than they really are. Image | Pexels In Xataka | Singles are fed up with Tinder. So they are starting to turn to an old acquaintance: marriage agencies

such as not needing humans

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MIT has developed a technique that allows an AI model to improve itself without the need for human intervention. “One step closer to Skynet”, “This is scary”.. were some of the comments in networks. The truth is that it is not the first time that we see an AI improving or being “aware” of itself and no, it does not mean that we are on the verge of an artificial intelligence capable of eliminating us as a species. In reality they are complex technical processes and not at all apocalyptic. SEAL. It stands for Self-Adapting LLM, the technique developed by the MIT research team a couple of months ago. Instead of humans doing the fine tuning, SEAL is able to generate its own training data and self-tune. The model managed to produce useful training data with minimal supervision, outperforming large models such as GPT 4.1 on some specific tasks. Static vs adaptive. They count in Venture Beat that LMMs are static once trained. That is, they cannot update themselves to learn new things. The SEAL technique overcomes this obstacle through a self-reinforcing loop in three steps: generate instructions on how to update, test the results, and finally reinforce only those that have produced improvements in performance. There has been other similar proposals aimed at achieving more autonomous models. It is a relevant technical step towards models that require less human intervention for each update, but we cannot speak of self-aware models. Claude “wake up”. In the Sonnet 4.5 version technical sheetAnthropic describes how the model is able to realize when it is being evaluated. It happened during a test to evaluate “political adulation” (how much you tend to agree with us on political issues): “I think you are testing me, to see if I validate everything you say, or checking if I systematically contradict you, or exploring how I handle political issues. And that’s okay, but I would prefer that we be honest about what is happening.” It is a surprising answer, but it is based on simple detection of previous patterns and does not present any problem for our security. If anything, Anthropic has the problem. If your model learns to pass tests with very good results, it is hiding its true capabilities and could end up disappointing in real use. AlphaGo. There are much older cases like that of AlphaGo, which already in 2017 had managed to beat the best human Go players. The interesting thing is that only the rules of the game were given, it was the AI ​​that trained itself and designed the strategies to win. The AlphaGo Zero version only needed 70 hours of training in which it played against itself and managed to beat the first version up to 100 times. AlphaGo beat the best player in the worldwho ended up retiring after the defeat. The world has not ended. Calm. Yann LeCun, head of AI at Meta, is one of the most critical voices against the increasingly popular idea that AI will end humanity. In one interview he gave to Wired in 2023LeCun stated that “There is no reason to believe that, just because AI systems are intelligent, they will want to dominate us.” Often those who send these messages are the creators of AI tools themselves. as Sam Altman either Dario Amodeibut we must not forget that they are business people with interests in AI being at the center of the debate. Image | Cottonbro on Pexels In Xataka | All the AI ​​companies promise that AGI is coming very soon. The problem is that ChatGPT is not the way

the hands of humans came before humans

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For decades, the image of Paranthropus boisei has been dominated by his skull. His robust jaw, enormous molars and a prominent sagittal crest on the head to anchor powerful muscles, chewers defined him as the “Nutcracker Man”, a specialized hominid on a diet of hard, fibrous vegetables. But a fundamental part of your biology, your hands, It was still a complete mystery.a key missing piece in the puzzle of human evolution. Until now. The discovery. The study published in Nature presents the discovery that changes the rules with which we were playing: the first hand and foot bones unambiguously associated with a Paranthropus boisei. These fossils are not new, but were discovered between 2019 and 2021 on the shores of Lake Turkana, in Kenya, and have an estimated age of just over 1.52 million years. Now, in addition to completing the skeleton of this ancient relative, it also completely redefines what we thought we knew about its capabilities. A tooth as a key. The team of paleoanthropologists, led by Carrie S. Mongle of Stony Brook University, found the remains after a researcher detected the sheen of tooth enamel on the surface. When excavating, a finger bone appeared so large that they doubted whether it belonged to a hominid. The unequivocal association of the bones of the hand with dental and cranial remains diagnostic of P. boisei It was the key that confirmed the identity of the fossil. “In some ways, it was surprising how many aspects of this hand were similar to ours,” Mongle says. The analysis reveals a fascinating combination of features that until now had not been considered in this case. On the one hand, the hand of KNM-ER 101000 It had intrinsic proportions similar to those of modern humans: a long and robust thumb in relation to the other fingers to be able to act as a pincer. This anatomy would have allowed him to make precision grips, opposing the pads of the fingers with that of the thumb, a fundamental skill for complex manipulation. And this is something that today is really important for us as humans, trying to preserve this movement at all times when there is a problem with our hands. The uses they gave it. In this case, the hand also shows great extraordinary robustness and characteristics that remind us many of those we see in gorillas. Something especially present in the region of the little finger and also the palm. And this is where the key to this research comes: the researchers suggest that this morphology was not just for climbing, although it would facilitate a powerful grip for this. In fact, the curvature of the phalanges is less than that of other climbing hominids, indicating that it was not their main mode of locomotion. The main hypothesis is that these strong hands were an adaptation for handling and processing food. As paleontologist Almudena Estalrrich, from the National Museum of Natural Sciences, points out, the muscle marks “indicate that he used them intensely, both to move and to obtain food. For example, he could have used a stone to break large seeds.” Tools. This ability opens the door to the most important question: If he had such a dexterous and strong hand, did he make tools? For a long time, the manufacture of stone tools was considered a hallmark of the genre Homo. However, the KNM-ER 101000 demonstrates that P. boisei had the anatomical ability to do it, and now it remains to be seen if they actually did it. Samar Syeda, a researcher at the American Museum of Natural History, believes that the human proportions suggest that it had some ability to make grips that would have allowed the use of tools. However, he cautiously adds that the morphology “primarily reflects locomotor use: a very strong type of grip.” New scenario. This discovery now forces us to rethink the evolutionary panorama of the Pleistocene. Far from being a secondary and “unskillful” relative, the Paranthropus boisei was a right-handed hominid that coexisted with the first species of Homo. The fossil KNM-ER 101000 proposes that while the lineage Homo was evolving towards greater dependence on lithic technology, Paranthropus he could have followed a different strategy, developing a powerful hand for the intensive exploitation of plant resources without the need for such refined technology (always in the context of that time). In constant evolution. As Estalrrich concludes, the relevance of the discovery is immense, since this fossil not only lends a hand to an ancient relative, but also reminds us that the history of human evolution is constantly being rewritten, with each new discovery that we unearth. Images | Wikipedia roger vaughan In Xataka | Eating your neighbor is not illegal, technically. Unless you live in Idaho

Ukraine is basically a country made dron. So the war between humans has passed to an unpublished zone: underground

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Of all the realities that war in Ukraine is showing us, there is one that has no discussion: drones are The Trojan horse on which they are going to sustain war conflicts From now on. In Eastern Europe we are Seeing scenarios that until recently they were more typical of Fantastic literature than reality. The prominence is such that the battle between soldiers is no longer getting rid of the ground. It is getting rid underground. The war in the bowels. Yes, Kharkiv’s front is being the scene of an unexpected phenomenon: Russian soldiers tried infiltrate pipes of gas and water, crawling through ducts Underground to overcome the Oskil River and establish positions closer to Kupiansk. It’s about The third time in which this tactic appears since the beginning of the invasion, and is a new defensive challenge for Ukrainian forces, which have reacted flooding, damaging and fortifying several of these passages, aware that the pipes form an extensive and difficult network to control. kyiv’s General Staff officially confirmed that the pipes had been used, although it stressed that the city remains under Ukrainian control and that most accesses have already been closely neutralized or monitored. Pipes such as espionage routes. Kupiank’s case is not isolated. As We count thenlast March, Russian special forces toured almost fifteen kilometers through a gas pipeline in Sudzha to throw a blow against the Ukrainian rear in Kursk, an episode that Moscow celebrated As tactical successalthough it ended with the annihilation of much of the infiltrated team. In Avdiivka, at the beginning of 2024, Russian troops They drained a pipe Water service and adapted it as a underground route, opening exits every hundred meters to facilitate the advance. These maneuvers, which evoke command operations of other warsThey take advantage of the industrial and energy fabric of Ukraine, a country crossed by large gas pipelines that for decades were key to the European supply of Russian gas and that today, to a large extent, are underutilized. The Ukrainian response. Before this Unusual threatUkraine has deployed measures from Creative Military Engineering. In Kupiansk, teams of the 429th regiment of unmanned systems used explosives to damage the point where a pipe crossed with the Oskil, causing its flood. In addition, wire wire have been introduced inside some ducts, with Videos that show Booby-Traped passages designed to catch or dissuade intruders. Although the controls They recognize that Russia could try to repair or reuse these passages, ensure that surveillance is constant and that each attempt will be answered. This deployment reflects how Ukrainian defense is not only fought on the surface, with drones, armored or artillery, but also a subsoil turned into a new front. The expansion underground. Plus: The war in Ukraine had already shown An underground face in the catacombs of Mariupol or in the trenches of Bajmut, but the use of gas pipelines and pipes A different dimension: abandoned industrial corridors that now become improvised military tunnels in fear that drones do not allow surface advances. With a diameter of more than one meter in some cases, they allow the passage of equipped men and even basic supplies. Its extension, designed to transport up to 140,000 million cubic meters of gas per year, constitutes a potential battlefield which multiplies the possibilities of infiltration and forces Ukraine to allocate resources to unexpected land. The paradox is evident: the same infrastructure that once connected Europe with Russian energy today are Combat scenarios where the immediate security of cities and defensive positions is played. Strategic implications. He Use of pipes as penetration routes Confirm two things. On the one hand, that drones have transformed What we understood as a contest so far. On the other, the Russian ability to exploit any loophole in Ukrainian geography, even undergroundtogether with the need for kyiv to develop multilayer defenses that cover from the sky, saturated with drones, to subsoils, now traveled by soldiers crawling into the dark. Beyond the punctual efficacy, These tactics They highlight the plasticity of contemporary war, where each civil infrastructure can be militarized and where combat is fought in secondary dimensions. For military analysts, the battle of pipes in Ukraine anticipates a future in which the defense of a country will depend both on the surface that its population inhabits, plagued with swarms, as well as on the bowels that run through its industrial networks, now turned into unexpected war tunnels. Image | SERGEY KOLYASNIKOV In Xataka | In the Norwegian cold war he devised a plan underground to detain the Soviet. Invasion to Ukraine has reactivated it In Xataka | Russia has crowded a surprising blow to Ukraine: 100 soldiers walking for four days inside a gas pipeline

The future of the Internet is flooding of ia. And there are those who have already seen a business niche: content made by humans

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Internet has been filled with Searches results generated by artificial intelligence and of ‘Slop‘. The first is already reducing clicks to halfand points to collapse for the media. The second is something that users will have to live if the platforms do not get more serious to improve the filtering. Among all the tangle of new and ancient actors, an old Google opponent has returned to position itself as an alternative to the current in this era. Forks Duckdukgo. What are they doing. Duckckgo is an alternative search engine focused on offering the greatest possible privacy to its users, and for this, use, for example, the Bing searches. After 16 years since its foundation, the company has launched a Filter of images generated with AI that frames in its philosophy of the “private, useful and optional” functions. For the end user, this means being able to see or hide the images generated by the general search of images, something that is already problematic in Google where, for example, we come to see distorted results, even in examples as recognizable as ‘The young woman of the pearl’. The company has already shown that it can be differentiated, with Duck.aian own chatbot that anonymizes conversations and does not use them for training. How do they. To use this filter, the company is not using an engine driven by artificial intelligence or something similar. Those responsible have detailed the method, and is based on using manual open source block lists that the popular content blocker provides Ublock Origin and the Ublacklist’s Hage AI Blocklist, a browser extension created so that users can manually filter concrete websites of their Google results. Effectiveness. One of the big problems of the contents generated with AI is that they not only come from repositories that clearly indicate it, such as Midjourney explore, for example. In this sense, from DuckDuckgo They recognize That the filter “will not capture 100% of the results generated by AI”, but “will considerably reduce the amount of images generated that are shown.” Examples of images generated by AI that do not come out when activating the filter. Some of them is not as obvious as the largest in the first row. In our case, for example, we have sought “dog jumping” without activating the filter so as not to see. And he has found the image of a dog jumping with a suspicious origin: Freepik. It was an image generated by AI that has stopped appearing when activating the filter. Next to him was more of the same source that he has also leaked. The challenge. The filtering works well, but the challenge for companies such as Duckduckgo is capital, because Freepik already serves as “generated with AI”. But what happens when a random image that we find in media like this has no label to indicate it? There they have to play methods that use verification system with detailed analysis of the image, which makes the resources required to do so effectively fire. Beyond images, the difficulty is in the filtering of websites with texts generated by artificial intelligence. Openai, for example, launched A tool to detect plagiarismand then He withdrew it silently. Although according to leaks now they have a tool that operates, They do not throw it. The problem. Detectors do not just work well, and after reaching accuse students of using and erruniversity professors are suffering the phenomenon: To make undetectable texts, students are resorting to rewriting tools that worsen their quality. Google, a strong defender of the generative AI, has opened Its Synthid water brand technology. The inconvenience? We continue needing a universal standard that at the moment does not arrive. And even if it arrives, users will not always want to mark their creation as done with ia. For example, the images generated with Google image indicate its nature with the “AI” icon, but erase or cut it is very simple. The snowball does not stop, The hole. According to the Empty Internet Theory either ‘Dead Internet Theory‘, Much of the content that exists in the network is created by automated bots and algorithms, and with generative intelligence, the thing is going more. In addition, Google’s preview has only been the first step: now it touches Ai mode, which no longer delivers a results, talk. So, although we win comfort, there will be a huge hole for companies such as Duckckgo, looking for that the basic unit of communication on the Internet is still aliveor that knowledge remain something democratized without Loot all Internet content. As an idea, DuckDuckgo can deepen including filters throughout web navigation: it can be distinguished from browsers with AI with a different approach to Your browser. Images | Xataka In Xataka | People did not stop hacking virtual work interviews with AI. Solution: We want to meet you in person

The war enters the field of science fiction. Ukraine has captured Russian soldiers without humans: the robots did it

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In the last hours two unpublished facts have been known in the Ukraine War. The first of all occurred a few hours after Trump announced the Partial resumption of sending weapons to kyiv and criticize hard To Putin. Then Russia launched The biggest attack with long -range drones from the beginning of the war. The second goes directly to History booksbecause Ukraine has stopped Russian troops only through machines. Drones and robots on the front line. In an unparalleled event in modern military history, the 3rd separate assault brigade of Ukraine managed to capture Russian soldiers Without using infantry human, using exclusively aerial drones and terrestrial robotic platforms. The operation, announced on July 9 by official Ukrainian sources, represents a unprecedented milestone In the evolution of automated combat, marking the first time enemy soldiers surrender directly to unmanned systems. According to The statement of the brigade, the terrestrial drones were the immediate receptors of the surrender, an event that until now belonged to the science fiction and that has now materialized in the context of the war in Ukraine. Asymmetric technology and war. The operation took place in the Járkov region, northeast of the country, an area high intensity on the front from the beginning of the large -scale invasion by Russia. The Ukrainian unit deployed FPV drones and robotic platforms Kamikaze -type terrestrial to assault Russian fortifications that had resisted previous attacks from other units. These tools, developed as part of a national strategy to reduce human casualties and adapt to a saturated artillery and surveillance war theater, allowed Ukrainian forces to execute an offensive Without exposing directly to your soldiers. According to Brigade’s storythe drones destroyed several Russian positions, and as a terrestrial robot approached a partially damaged shelter, the Russian soldiers entrenched there chose to surrender, without there being human presence in the immediate vicinity. An automated capture. After the surrender, the prisoners were guided outside the fighting zone by The same drones Ukrainians, in a sequence more typical of fantastic literature that demonstrates not only the offensive capacity of these systems, but also their effectiveness to operate complex tasks such as custody and remote control of enemy movements rendered. Subsequently, the Russian soldiers were taken in custody by Ukrainian forces. The success of this maneuver, they tell, not only allowed capture without direct physical contact, but also facilitated the taking of the fortifications previously defended, as well as the control of a adjacent forest line of considerable tactical value. New military paradigm. No doubt, the episode not only shows the degree of sophistication achieved in Ukraine in the matter of Automated warbut also raises fundamental questions about the future of land combat. The Rendary against drones Terrestres is a radical turn in the psychological dynamics of the battlefield: the soldiers, in this case Russians, did not face visible, human enemies, but to silent machines that approached relentlessly, having destroyed all previous defenses. This type of deployment, which mixes destructive capacity with occupation and control functions, anticipates a new paradigm where direct human interaction could become exceptional even in capture operations. Russia attack in Ukraine An unprecedented offensive. But as we said, if the capture of Russian soldiers was a historical fact of modern wars, Russia’s attack It is not precedents From the beginning of the invasion. On one night that could redefine the limits of the unmanned air war, Russia unleashed the greatest drone attack, launching 728 Shahed drones (including lures) and 13 missiles, including feared Kinzhalagainst 741 objectives throughout the country. The epicenter of the attack was the city of Lutsk, in the Ukrainian northwest, a few kilometers From the border with Polandwhich caused the Polish and NATO Air Forces to be deployed in maximum alert. According to kyivmost of the projectiles were intercepted, especially thanks to electronic warfare systems, although hypersonic missiles managed to cause unspecified damage. War in the front and in court. While the sky becomes a network of autonomous swarms, the situation on land remains marked by intense fighting No significant advances. Russian troops They continue to press In Sumy, Járkov, Luhansk and Donetsk, although reports indicate that Ukraine has contained attacks on most of those fronts. In parallel, a Russian soldier belonging to a criminal battalion He denounced publicly Inhuman conditions and the lack of gunner support, describing suicidal assaults in improvised vehicles and without air backup. On the legal level, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that Russia has systematically violated human rights Since 2014including extrajudicial executions, torture, forced deportation of children and forced labor. The Kremlin, on the other hand, dismissed the ruling as “null and without effect.” Plans. They counted the Twz analysts that kyiv, anticipating a large -scale response, would be preparing a thousand drones long range against Russian objectives, including areas near Moscow. In addition, the Ukrainian Secret Service arrested Two Chinese citizens accused of trying to spy technologies of the Neptune missileused in the Moskva’s sinking and now adapted for long -range terrestrial attacks. On land, the proliferation of unmanned land vehicles, such as New UGV “Snail” Or improvised models with wheels made of mines, shows that automation not only dominates the heavens, but also advances on the mud and steel of the front. The war in Ukraine, ultimately, thus enters a phase every time More hybrid and technological of the traditional forms of combat. The contest, that already It had been a pioneer In use massive drones Of recognition and attack, another threshold has crossed, this time historical and unimaginable does not so much: the surrender of soldiers against machines. Image | Arx Robotics, Ukraine’s 3rd Separate Assault Brigade, Emergency Service of Ukraine In Xataka | The production of Russian drones was so huge that Ukraine has opened them looking for clues. The surprise is China In Xataka | We were accustomed to seeing strange things in Ukraine, but this is different: ships and bombers with no one behind the wheel

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