drink

Wild chimpanzees drink the equivalent of almost two glasses of alcohol a day

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If we test chimpanzees for blood alcohol levels, we would most likely see that they test positive as sI would have had a drink or two. And here the fault is not in the fact that they have a hidden bottle of whiskey, but in the sugars present in the fruits they consume and their microbial fermentation. But from here on, science has debated whether our attraction to alcohol It is due to an ‘evolutionary accident’ or a direct inheritance from our primate ancestors. Something that has been determined now. A new study. Published by researchers at the University of California and which suggests that wild chimpanzees consume substantial amounts of ethanol in their daily diet. To demonstrate this, the team went to Kibale National Park, Ugandato be able to monitor several chimpanzees. And instead of doing a blood test, the researchers opted for a non-invasive method by analyzing the urine of the 19 wild chimpanzees. In this case, what was being sought was not raw ethanol, but a very specific biomarker called ethylglucuronide which tells us that ethanol has been processed. Your diet. As we have said before, the secret of this discovery is not in the alcohol that we know, but in the fruit. That is why during the research the chimpanzees fed almost exclusively on a species of canopy tree called the African star apple. When specifically analyzing this apple, it was found that it contained alcohol in a proportion of 0.09%, while in some harvests it could reach 0.4%. The results. After performing urine analyzes on the chimpanzees, it was possible to see that, of the 20 individual urine samples collected, 17 tested positive for ethylglucuronide, exceeding a threshold of 300 ng per milliliter of urine. But in addition, of a set of 11 of these positive samples, 10 tested positive again when subjected to a much higher clinical threshold of 500 ng/ml. The “drunk monkey.” The researchers point out here that this continuous intake of fermented fruit translates into an average dose of 14 grams of ethanol per day for the chimpanzees. In human terms, it is as if they had drunk one and a half drinks a day. These findings offer vital physiological support to the famous “drunken monkey” hypothesis which suggests that the attraction that modern humans feel for alcohol has its evolutionary origin precisely here: in an adaptation of our ancestors to locate, through long-distance smell, crops of ripe fruit and, therefore, more caloric thanks to the smell of ethanol. A mismatch. The problem is that this vestige of the past has gone down the wrong path, since the current problem lies in an evolutionary imbalance. While our ancestors chronically consumed ethanol in low concentrations through a fruit-centered diet, today humans have access to distilled alcohol in massive quantities and not through a survival system. Now, this discovery not only changes our understanding of primate feeding ecology, but opens the door to future research into how this natural alcohol consumption could affect the social behavior of chimpanzees, including factors such as aggression or reproduction. Images | David Trinks Brian Jones In Xataka | We believed that war was a unique and exclusively human invention. Until we look at chimpanzees

We have been telling ourselves since 1945 that we should drink “two liters of water a day.” Science is clear that this is not the case.

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One of the most popular rules in popular health culturewithout a doubt it is in the amount of water you have to drink per day. An amount that is located in eight glasses a day or what is the same: the immovable figure of two literss. We see it in fitness applications, in influencers’ advice and we hear it repeated like a mantra, but the reality is that there is quite a myth behind this. We are different people. A very common phrase within medicine is precisely “there are no equal people”, and not only because of the external physique, but because of everything that is inside. This forces the medicine Focus towards a more individualized idea in your medical advice that have to be given, included in nutrition or water consumption. This forces us to have to personalize the amount of water that each person should consume, because a person who is 2 meters tall and weighs 100 kg with a large amount of muscle is not the same as an elderly person who has a much slower metabolism. Logically, the two liters of water mantra cannot be established here. The origin of the error. To understand why we drink (or think we should drink) so much, you have to travel back to 1945. According to key review by Dr. Heinz Valtin in it American Journal of Physiology 2002, the myth of the “8×8” rule, that is, 8 8-ounce glasses to have almost 2 liters of water, probably comes from a misinterpretation of a guide from the Food and Nutrition Board. A guide that indicated that it was always recommended to have an adequate intake of 2.5 liters of fluids per day. But most people ignored the accompanying sentence that said, “most of this amount is in prepared foods.” What the institutions say. So the question is quite clear: how much should we drink per day? In this case there are different official figures, but they have fine print. We have one of the examples in the European Food Safety Authority Panel 2010 established adequate water intake at 2 liters per day for women and 2.5 liters per day for men. But here’s the key: the EFSA specifies that this refers to total water, that is, the sum of drinks plus food. And there are many dishes that have a large amount of water, such as soup, although fruits also have a lot of water inside. Even in the United States. If we move to the recommendations made in the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the USA from 2005, suggests that the total water figures should be 2.7 liters per day for women and 3.7 liters per day for men. But again, it includes all the dietary intake that is made per day and not just glasses of tap water. The latest science. If we come more to the present, we also have scientific studies that have sought to dismantle a universal fixed figure set at two liters per day. One of the most important is the one published in Science in 2022 that used isotopes to measure water exchange in 5,604 people, and that showed that real needs vary enormously between people. One of the conclusions they addressed was that for most people in temperate climates and with sedentary lives, the real water intake needs are between 1.5 and 1.8 liters per day, far from the demands of wellness marketing. And it is reinforced. It is not a study that is isolated, but also in 2022 the magazine Scientific Reports, published research where this idea was reinforced: they predict necessary beverage intakes of about 1.6 L for women and 2.0 L for men, always depending on factors such as age, sex and body composition. Is more water better? One of the most repeated arguments by proponents of hyperhydration is that we should drink “before we are thirsty.” modern physiology, backed by scientific reviews and analysis of urinary osmolarity, refutes this fear that we may have. Specifically, the human body has an extremely sensitive osmoregulation system. When the concentration of solutes in the blood increases by only 2%well below clinical dehydration, the brain already activates the sensation of being thirsty and releases the necessary hormone to begin conserving water so that it does not ‘leave’ in the urine. There are exceptions. Unless you are an elderly person (whose thirst sensation is attenuated) or a high-performance athlete in the midst of intense effort, drinking when thirsty is the most accurate and scientifically validated strategy for maintaining water balance. When you should drink more water. That the “mandatory two liters” are a myth does not mean that water is not logically vital. The most recent systematic reviews and other clinical means confirm that increasing water intake has clear therapeutic benefits in very specific cases that are not universal. These can be the following: Having a kidney stone: here the “more, the better” applies since increasing urinary flow is key to preventing the recurrence of this disease. Urinary infections: a problem that mainly affects women, and that requires ‘overhydration’ to reduce risk of new episodes. Weight loss: Although the evidence is mixed, drinking water may help with satiety and, marginally, energy expenditure. Although it is not a magic solution against obesity. More common sense. The obsession with two liters is a perfect example of how an old and misinterpreted scientific recommendation becomes a cultural dogma. The reality, supported by decades of studies from Valtin to the latest isotopic analyses, is that we are not machines that need a fixed tank filling every 24 hours. In this way, our body’s water needs are dynamic. Water needs are dynamic. If you eat a lot of fruits and vegetables, work in an air-conditioned office, and don’t run marathons every day, forcing yourself to drink 2 liters of extra water will probably only do one thing: interrupting your work to go to the bathroom more times. The situation. In this way we can understand that … Read more

Science has something to say to all those who drink coffee as soon as they wake up

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Having a coffee for many is something that It is essential to start the day. It is something that in our country has become a cultural habit, but it is also a very relevant pharmacological event. Since although many people’s day doesn’t start until this coffee, our body already has its own “start-up” system built in as standard that we could be affecting. A good debate. Recently has arisen an idea that has set a precedent: Ingesting caffeine immediately after waking up interferes with the body’s natural biology. Specifically, with cortisolwhich is the stress hormone that allows us to wake up in the morning and sustain us throughout the day. Given this, It is recommended to wait between 60 and 90 minutes to drink your first cup of coffee.. Although… How much truth does this have? If we analyze the most recent clinical literature and population studies, we discover that Coffee in the morning is, in fact, a powerful ally for cardiovascular healthbut its maximum effectiveness depends on fine synchronization with our hormones. Natural injection of energy. To understand the effect of coffee on our body, we must first understand what happens when you don’t drink it. When you open your eyes, your brain doesn’t turn on like a switch, but instead starts a chemical cascade known as Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR). This is essential, since upon waking up, cortisol begins to increase and reaches its maximum peak approximately 30 to 60 minutes after opening the eyes. A hormone that is essential to activate us, and that is released in large quantities, for example when we are stressed or there is danger. A limbo of signals. In this way, if we introduce caffeine right into the body when cortisol is rising, we may be generating unnecessary overstimulation, increasing nervousness or so-called jitters. Furthermore, caffeine (despite the fact that it hurts for some) does not provide real energy to our body, but what it does is block the adenosine receptors, which is responsible for making us feel tired. In this way, when we wake up, there is still some of this signal in the body and if we block it suddenly and too soon, when the effect of the coffee wears off, this accumulated adenosine suddenly binds to its receptors and causes the famous mid-afternoon fatigue. What science knows. To date, there are no controlled clinical trials that compare the long-term cognitive performance of a group of people who drink coffee immediately versus another who waits 90 minutes. But what we do know is that there is a tolerance effect. A study published in PMC points out that in regular coffee consumers, the cortisol response to caffeine is significantly attenuated. That is, your body has already gotten used to that morning “hit” and the hormonal interference is much less than in an occasional consumer. In this way, when we remove the morning coffee, it may be much more difficult for a person to properly start their body as they lack that ‘drive’ to which their body has become accustomed. The night battle. Where the science is clear is in the use of caffeine late in the day. A study in Science Translational Medicine showed that a double espresso three hours before bed delays the circadian clock by about 40 minutes, seriously affecting sleep quality. Is it worth waiting? If you are one of those who feel intense anxiety after the first coffee or if you experience an unbearable drop in energy at two in the afternoon, the recommendation to wait 90 minutes has physiological plausibility and can be a valuable personal experiment. By delaying caffeine, you allow cortisol to do its job and residual adenosine to be cleared more naturally so you don’t have that unpleasant mid-afternoon tiredness. However, for the healthy general population accustomed to coffeethere is no evidence that taking it as soon as you wake up is harmful. We are only left with that effect of dependence on coffee that interferes with the internal ‘caffeine’ of awakening that our body produces. This is why the 90-minute rule is more advice based on clinical observation and biological logic than on robust studies. In Xataka | We knew that coffee was good for our health, but now we have discovered that it is a great ally of our microbiota

It is now legal to bring your own food and drink into festivals

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It is a battle for consumer rights that is receiving very notable attention, and there is nothing strange about it: it affects some of the most widespread forms of leisure, cinema and concerts, and at stake is the right of customers to bring drinks and food into the venues. FACUA has been filing complaints against cinemas and event organizers for years and today we have a resolution that could set a precedent that changes everything. What has happened? The Court of First Instance number 4 of Valencia has issued the first ruling in Spain declaring null and void the clauses of a festival that prohibited access to the venue with food and drinks purchased abroad. The judicial resolution affects the Madrid Salvaje festival, and considers these restrictions as abusive practices that violate consumer rights as reported by FACUAthe association that filed the lawsuit. The ruling also annuls the charge of three euros as “management expenses” that the organization applied to attendees who wanted to recover the unconsumed balance on the bracelets. cashless. The court expressly prohibits the promoter to reiterate these practices in future events and thus establishes a precedent that could affect future editions of festivals in Spain. Because. The sentence justify your decision in the impossibility of attendees doing without food during the long days that the festivals last. The magistrate emphasizes that requiring users to leave the premises to eat would mean missing part of the scheduled concerts, in addition to generating unnecessary inconvenience. The resolution concludes that this prohibition constitutes in practice a forced imposition of hospitality services that consumers have not requested. That is, preventing entry with food from outside is equivalent to forcing the audience to purchase products exclusively in the festival’s internal establishments, which represents an “unjustified contractual imbalance.” The ruling emphasizes that the fundamental purpose of these events is to offer musical entertainment, with the restoration being a merely accessory element that should not condition the enjoyment of the main show. Repeat offenders. This is not the first time that Madrid Salvaje AIE has faced sanctions for its trade policies. The Community of Madrid has already imposed a fine of 96,000 euros for irregularities committed during the 2023 edition of the Brava Madrid festival. That sanction responded to the imposition of the system cashless as the only form of payment within the premises, without the possibility of paying in cash. In addition, the organization established a period of only seven days to claim outstanding balances. FACUA maintains active complaints against the 2024 and 2025 editions of Brava Madrid. Legal precedents: cinemas. The judicial argument of the case does not arise from nowhere, but is based on precedents established around the film sector. The Superior Court of Justice of Castilla-La Mancha established in a previous resolution that prohibiting the consumption of products according to their origin constitutes an irrational restriction of the consumer’s ability to choose. That ruling introduced the concept of “tied sales”, identifying how establishments use their dominant position to indirectly force the purchase of complementary services. The report prepared in 2016 by the then Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition (Aecosan, today Aesan) was especially forceful when analyzing these prohibitions in movie theaters, concluding that the viewer was unjustifiably deprived of the main service they had paid for (watching the movie) when they were unilaterally imposed on them to use accessory services that they never requested, with the sale of food and drink being a secondary activity, not the essence of the movie business. The fines. These rulings regarding cinemas led to specific financial sanctions. The Basque Consumer Institute fined Yelmo Cines with 30,001 euros after a complaint from FACUA Euskadi for preventing access with external food. FACUA Galicia filed similar complaints against Cinesa in the Marineda City shopping center in A Coruña, while the Andalusian federation denounced five Yelmo establishments for repeating this policy after having been previously warned by the Junta de Andalucía in 2019. Implications. This court ruling sets a precedent of enormous relevance for the music festival industry in Spain, being the first resolution that specifically addresses these practices in events of this type. The ruling opens the door to possible retrospective claims by attendees who were affected by similar policies in past editions of Madrid Salvaje or other festivals that have maintained similar restrictions. It is an unequivocal warning about the illegality of such measures. The court decision significantly strengthens the position of consumer organizations, which have been fighting these trade policies for years. The court’s express order prohibiting Madrid Salvaje AIE from reiterating any of these clauses in future events also establishes a control mechanism that could be applied to other promoters. The cases pending resolution in courts regarding analogous situations—both in festivals and in other leisure spaces—now have a solid jurisprudential reference that will predictably influence the rulings. From now on, consumers have the right to freely choose where to purchase their food, which takes precedence over the commercial interests of the organizing companies, which redefines the relationship that existed to date between promoters and the public. Header | Colin Lloyd in Unsplash

We already know who is going to drink all the coffee that Brazil will not export to the US for the tariffs: China

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If we do not count the water, coffee would be the most consumed drink in the world. It is for his benefits in the agencyby him Caffeine contribution And even for Psychological effects. And a country that has “discovered” coffee is recently China. In fact, consumption has shot in such a way that, in the United States Tariff Vorágineit has become the lifeguard for the main coffee producer worldwide. Brazil. Short. In recent months, the coffee segment has lived A ‘perfect storm’ that has significantly raised the price of the Arabica and Robust varieties. Reasons? Several: storms and droughts that have affected the harvest, difficulties in transport and a demand that could not be satisfied. The last factor to join has been Donald Trump with his tariffs. The threat of tariffs To the main coffee producers, the table has been flying over, but, as he points out Reutersfinally on August 6, a 50% tariff to some Brazilian products. Currently, Brazil sells about eight million sacks annually to the US, assuming a third of the world demand in the North American country each year in a trade valued at 4.4 billion dollars. And we will have to see what happens now that it will be more expensive to buy that coffee. Approaching China more. Brazil not only sells -Mucho- coffee to the United States: it also exports orange juice and a large amount of vaccine meat, among other products, but China is not really so far from the South American country in commercial terms. In fact, in general, it is its main commercial partner. They buy soybeans (70% of the soy that exports Brazil goes to China), vital iron minerals for the huge steel industry and construction of the ‘Asian giant’, oil, meat, cellulose and other products such as sugar, wood or cotton. In June of this year, Brazil exported 440,034 coffee bags to the US for the 56,000 bags exported to China, but the figure will change from now on because, as Reuters confirms, China has approved 183 new Brazilian coffee companies to export their product to the Chinese market. Thirst for coffee. It is something that will come well to Brazil, but that should also influence The cup price In a China where coffee consumption has shot this last decade. It is estimated that its consumption has grown at double -digit rates since 2010, with a growth Annual average of more than 20% that is well above a world average that barely reaches 2%. In 2023, se They consumed Some 5.8 million bags and it is estimated that this 2025 will rise to 6.3 million, a figure that doubles the consumption of 2019 and, although consumption per person is less than in other countries, the calculation is that there are about 400 million people who drink coffee regularly. And growing. Coffee shops like mushrooms. Most of these new consumers are young adults between 25 and 44 years who turn Series of common characteristics. They are inhabitants of large cities with high levels of both education and income. And that popularity that is gaining coffee is due, in large part, to the opening of Thousands of new coffee shops and coffee shops. It is estimated that that Cafeteria boom in China It was more than 50% these last two years, being Shanghai the world capital of coffee shops with about 9,500 shops. And all this translates into a market whose value Keep growingmoving from 38,000 million dollars in 2023 to 43,000 million in 2024. It could be a Starbucks bar, but it’s from Luckin Coffee Changing tastes. There is Other factors that influence that growth of the industry, such as urbanization, the increase in middle class and western influence, with brands such as Starbucks and national competition such as Luckin Coffee turning the drink into a kind of “trend” between new generations. And the “coffee culture” is also planting its seed. It is estimated that instant coffee and drink consumed with others still predominates, as if it were a combined, but the specialty coffee and the consumption of newly ground grain beverages are also making its way to elbows, becoming with more than 40% of the Chinese coffee market in 2023. In short, the ‘thirst for coffee’ in China not only redefines consumption habits, but can also be economic lifeguards for Brazilian producers before an uncertain international scenario. We will also have to see if US consumers will be willing to pay more for coffee or if, as industry personalities such as the Mandamases of the Lavazza group, that consumer, that consumer is already drowned by the price of the cup. Images | Shwangtianyuan, Takeoway, Poon Shuishou Simmonz In Xataka | This Japanese coffee costs the same as a month of rent in many cities. But it is not about the price, but what it represents

The heat arrives and you want to drink cold water. Science has a much more effective idea: drink hot water

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Summer arrives and with it staying well hydrated becomes an imperative. The heat will surely make a glass of cold water even more appealing, but it is likely that we have ever heard that the water, better hot. Is it a myth or is there a reason behind? Drink water. Drinking water is the important, hot or cold, keeping our body hydrated is the main objective. Despite this, drinking hot water or cold water is not exactly the same: our body can react differently Before the stimulus. This is what science tells us about it. Better digestion. Hot infusions are a desktop classic. Coffee, tea or chamomile are usual choices to close the food, especially if it has been copious. When consuming these drinks we are, indeed, Drinking hot water. In doing so we are moisturizing our body and allowing water to help the flow of food in our digestive system. Part of the effect we owe it to the mere fact of being drinking water, but there are some studies that suggest that the temperature could play an important role in the digestive effect of this desktop habit. A Study published in 2016 Focused on newly operated patients, he observed that the consumption of hot water in recently operated in the colon had a “positive impact” on subsequent intestinal movements. Do you lose weight drinking water? In 2023, a group of researchers conducted An experiment in which a group of participants had to consume a certain amount of warm or hot water after meals, while the rest had to consume the same amount of water at a temperature without specifying the temperature. As reported by the team, the group that consumed hot water lost body mass more speed than the control group. This could explain why we associate drinks such as tea are associated with weight loss. The diuretic potential of some infusions and the benefits that others have on intestinal transit could be related to the mere act of drinking hot water, but the truth is that the tests we have are very limited, so we still cannot add the hot water to the eternal list of candidates for “miracle diet”. Cool ourselves with hot water. It may seem Little appealingbut hot infusions are a classic in some of the most scorching environments in the world. Our body is about 37º Celsius: if we consume something at a higher temperature, our body will absorb that heat. It doesn’t seem like a good plan. And yet it works (although not always). The key, The experts point outis how our body dissipates heat through sweat. A hot drink can activate nervous receptors by sending the signal that the temperature is greater than what is actually, which in turn does that our body begins to sweat and thus begin to dissipate heat through the water we expel by the skin. To sweat, of course, it should also be hydrated. When may not work? Drinking hot water to reduce our body heat can be a bad idea in some contexts, mainly When moisture is high. Moisture makes sweat dissipated, with it, avoiding it heat. Temperature and hydration. Hot or cold, we began by saying that the most important property of water is that it hydrates: our body needs this liquid to stay alive and drinks are the main source to obtain it. Now, we know that Not all drinks hydrate the sameDoes the water do it indistinctly of its temperature? Maybe not. A Study published in 2013 He calculated how the water temperature affected the rehydration process. A too hot water could induce sweat, causing us to lose some water at the same time we rehydrate. By contrast, water too cold or too hot can also make us drink less. The team observed that a better rehydration was achieved when consuming fresh water, about 16º, a temperature similar to that offered by tap water. In Xataka | It’s time to banish the myth of drinking “eight water vessels per day”, but we have a problem to do it Image | Pixabay

The countries that drink beer around the world, exposed in this happy graphic

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There are more than 2,000 million people drink alcohol often, according to The World Health Organization. Within these data are the Beer drinkersa drink that, Like coffeeit is one of the most consumed in the world. Logically due to its population, China has been dominating as the country that consumes more beer In the world. But if we look at the consumption of per capita beer, the thing changes. And here it only remains to ask … what happens in the Czech Republic. The Czechs is one thing. The Kirin Group public At the end of last year a report on world beer consumption based on questioning sent to beer associations from different countries and industry reports, and is the basis on which Visual Capitalist He has elaborated the graph that you have on these lines. In it, we can see that many countries are quite aligned in per capita annual consumption, but there is one that is notable: Czech Republic. According to these data, the country’s per capita consumption was 152.1 liters per year. It is a figure that is far, far from the 106.5 liters of the Austrians, of the 103.3 liters of the Lithuanians and the 100.6 liters of the Irish, who are the ones that complete the list of countries with consumption above 100 liters. Heritage. Kirin’s report points out that most countries have remained in the same positions that occupied the previous year, but with a notable rise in Croatia, which passes from position ten to five in 2024. Consumption in Spain is not far behind, but there are more and more reports that point to a decrease in consumption In Spanish lands. Let’s go back to the Czech Republic for a moment, since it is a country where beer serves you in bars, unless you say they stop doing it. As in Germany or Belgium, they have recognized the beer culture as part of its national heritage. The three have cataloged the drink and its preparation as an intangible cultural asset, something that is not yet on the Unesco heritage list, but that reflects the importance that the drink has in each of the nations. Because this goes beyond the product, bottled beer, but covers The whole process. It is a celebration of the cultivation of hops and barley, traditional beer trades, the social role of taverns in both rural and urban areas and the role it plays in everyday life. Interestingly, in the list, Belgium occupies much lower positions of consumption. Leaving Europe. This beer tradition permeates consumption worldwide and therefore, although Europe is not the leading territory, it does have the countries where each citizen drinks more liters a year. To find the first non -European country, we must go down to 13th place, where Panama is. Here we start seeing countries like Mexico (15), Gabon (16) or South Africa (18). The United States, which also acquired a wide beer culture fruit of all the miscegenation of the country, is in 27th position with 63.1 liters per capita and curious is the 25th place in the United Kingdom with 65.5 liters. Zero-Ceroseseism. These data, remember, belong to the study prepared by Kirin, but, liter above, liter below, the top positions with that Czech Republic at the head of world beer consumption are something that remains in other statistics. Now, within all the beer consumed in Europe, there is something that is taking impulse: The production of alcohol without alcohol. In 2023 se They produced 34.3 billion liters of beer (being Germany, Spain and Poland the ones that most fermented), 1.8 billion Liters without alcoholbut although it seems little, it is an increase of 13.5% compared to beer data with less than 0.5% alcohol of 2022. And it occurs more because it is also consumed more. In Spain, for example, in 2023 it was consumed 3.5% more of alcohol -free beer than in 2022. We will see if that increase in the consumption of beer without alcohol, something that already shows in advertising, and the decline of alcohol consumption in young Europeans becomes a trend and how it influences these annual statistics. In Xataka | Alcohol kills, but not everyone equally: why Spain and Italy consume more but die less

How Spain is putting aside to your favorite measure to drink beer

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We Spaniards like to practice Terraceo with friendsa skewer and a good beer, but that It does not mean That we do it the same throughout Spain. Not even what The beer jargon be the same throughout the country. Especially if we talk about tap beer. Moreover, if you move frequently from north to south it is likely that you have found that not all waiters seem to use the same terms or even how the same word can mean different things, understanding by “different” the milliliters that you will find in the glass. In case that “Babel Torre” was not enough, now (at least In part of Spain) There is an upward option: the cup, something that tells us about beer but also how we drink it and formats beyond the star measure, cane. Spain, beer land. We Spaniards like beer. And that statement has few laps because it relies on contributing data and sounds collected by the sector itself. In 2023 its consumption stood around 43 million of hectoliters, with an average intake of 55 l per person. In fact (and although demand It has ups and downs) Its consumption has been winning weight In front of the wine, also linked to the Spanish table. That we like to take a good lager or IPA does not mean that everywhere you drink (and ask for) the same. Map prepared by brewers of Spain. How do you drink in Spain? That same question was asked a few years ago Brewers from Spainthe association that groups the great producers of the country, after verifying that although a beer is a beer anywhere in Spain, the thing changes when we talk about how to serve it. “Depending on the format we want and the area, an act as simple and everyday as asking for a beer, if it is not done correctly, it can become a real challenge,” Recognize. Where is a good map … To clear doubts, Cervecer did two things: he created A glossary and a map that helps appreciate how beers usually drink) throughout the country. The graph should be handled however with some caution. For example, the association recalls that although in Salamanca or Valladolid, tap beer is usually used in vessels between 100 and 140 ml called “short”, in Galicia that same word refers to “the lifetime cane”, a major format. If you are in the Basque Country, you better call it “Zurito.” Or “penalty” in Aragon. And that’s all? No. The cane is the “par excellence” format and that word understands it in virtually all the businesses of Spain, but manufacturers warn: “While in areas such as Madrid the glass measure is 200 ml, in other places the size is superior. Thus, if a Basque wants to take the 350 of a Basque cane in Madrid will have to ask for a double, the most similar measure.” Since the cane usually moves around 200 ml, the normal thing would be that the double was 400 ml, but that logic has nuances again. In Basque Country if we want that amount of beer drink, it advises to use another term: “Canyon.” The wide brewing glossary is completed with words such as “Botellín”, “fifth” or “third”, which are the terms used for bottles depending on whether you want the fifth part or a third of liter. The thing is complicated, however, with exceptions: Asturias, Cantabria or Catalonia use terms as “average” or “median.” If you are looking for you will even find guides who speak of 25 either 30 forms To ask for beer, including “pots”, “botijos”, “tank” or “xibeca”. Complicated? There are more. In case the “photography” was not complex enough, at least in part of Spain it is being added An extra factor: The form. That is, the key is no longer how much or how we drink beer, but what we drink it. That is: glass or glass. The nuance is interesting and slid yesterday The voice of Galicia in An article in which he explains how in Santiago de Compostela it is increasingly common to see people with beers in the glass instead of a glass. The question is evident: “Why do the reeds serve as if they were a wine?” After talking with compostela hoteliers, the newspaper Slide Some practical explanations: the glasses are easier to store (they can be hung upside down) and there are those who defend that they help preserve the organoleptic properties of beer. In fact there are places that San Cups designed for the Lager. “Optimal formats”. “The crystal is quite broken and you have to replace, but it is the best form”, They argue From a compostelano store. Galicia star itself claims That each beer has “its cup” and details the differences of form and use between the flute (15-40 CL), the Pilsner vessel (15-40), the tulip (20-50), Weizen (30-50), Snifter (30-50), chalice (30-50) or the teku, used in tastings and between 33 and 50 cl. “If we leave aside its aesthetic or historical component, it cannot be denied that some formats are optimal for certain styles,” The company points out. Cup question … And something else. In the passage of the vessels to the glasses there is, however, another factor that speaks, rather than the bars or beer itself, how we enjoy it. One of Santiago’s hoteliers in fact explains that there are clients who ask them to serve the cane in a glass of wine, either because the glass is finer or for quantity. “The wine brings between 44 and 52 CL and the cane is 33,” clarifies the hotelier, who denies that the cane has less amount than a bottle. The slow decline of the cane. The phenomenon also coincides with an apparent decay of the cane and other reduced formats in favor of others of larger. Two years ago Straight to the palate I pointed Already as many bars in Madrid (and other points in Spain) were going from the standard … Read more

Half -World celebrities have been obsessed with a very strange drink: the grass chupito

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Matcha tea It has become in a healthy habit trend to the point that some people They compare it with the Ozempic, even more than the scientific basis for this is lax. However, the famous have in their radar Another type of concoction that has a lot of more properties: we are talking about a morning morning pacifier. On an empty stomach. Take in the morning Wheatgrass or wheat grass may sound a bit weird, but this drink is part of the morning routine of Some celebrities Of the such as Angelina Jolie, Kate Moss, Drew Barrymore and Elsa Pataky, as well as some athletes and athletes. Many centuries ago. The use of this plant It is estimated which began in ancient Egypt and even with the first Mesopotamian civilizations. However, it did not popularize until the 1930s As a result of experiments by Charles F. Schnabel, who commercialized as the “first multivitamine in the world.” It does not seem appealing. At first glance it looks like a potion taken from Harry Potter and they comment that the taste is not rich. The point is that, as have detailed in some investigationsoffers essential nutrients such as amino acids, vitamins A, B12, B5, E, Chlorophyll, and minerals such as iron, zinc and selenium. They will take it for something. This “pacifier of grass” It can be consumed in several ways such as dust, tablets or fresh liquid. There is also another option to obtain the freshest juice and is to cultivate the grass, which can result in a very laborious job and a special pressing machine is needed. The data suggests that it could have positive effects on certain contexts: Energy increases: a study has explained That complex B vitamins help boost blood torrent, so oxygenation provides energy throughout the day. Reduces inflammation: thanks to its high fiber and enzyme content, it helps decompose food to better absorb nutrients, thus improving digestion, digestion, According to an investigation. In addition, the large amount of chlorophyll (almost 70%) HE has proven that reduces inflammation since it controls that protein of the body and Reduces the effects of colitis. Improves the immune system: still Studies are doing To link concoction with the treatment of medical conditions, but its large number of antioxidants, including phytochemicals, Fight cell damage caused by natural processes. A skin remedy: its antibacterial properties, from chlorophyll A, apigenine, agrofiera and flavonoids, They favor wound healing and stimulate tissue growth. An extra benefit. According to Healthline magazinethis concoction can be a complement to cancer treatment. Some studies suggest that it can be helpful. A 2017 job discovered which has an inhibitor effect on cell proliferation in oral cancer. Another investigation has confirmed that reduces myelotoxicity caused by chemotherapy, ensuring minimizing infections. Finally, a study has demonstrated that has antioxidant properties that help prevent cancer. And does something have to do with green milkshakes? Mainly, the concentration of nutrients such as chlorophyll, vitamins and essential amino acids in wheat grass. The Green beaters They combine a variety of vegetables and fruits, which makes nutritional benefits more varied and not so specific. Consume green beaters every day It is not ideal For everyone because excessive intake generates side effects such as digestive discomforts or imbalances in nutrients such as iron or vitamin K. It is not perfect. Although it is presented as an ideal drink to improve your diet, there are some people who must be careful. Wheat grass is harvested without seedsso it does not contain gluten, but gluten -sensitive people would have to be special care. Breacing has a lot of fiber, so there is talk of a pacifier and not a jar since it can have an opposite effect. Third, people who are taking anticoagulant medications should avoid it by High levels of vitamin Kbecause it can interfere with its effectiveness. Finally, there are no investigations in how it can affect pregnant women or breastfeeding. Image | Kitchenheat Xataka | We have more and more evidence that intermittent fasting works: yes, better combine it with exercise

Millions of people drink from the water that arrives from the snow of the K2. We have just discovered pollutants in them

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The K2 is the second highest peak on the planet after Everest and probably one of the most difficult and dangerous peaks to reach for climbers. It owes its name to the Karakórum mountain range, where it is located. It is located in a remote puppy area played between Pakistan and India, but its remoteness has not prevented pollution from reaching it. And with it the risk of thaw. Black carbon. A study by an international team of researchers has found black carbon traces in the Godwin-Austen glacier and on the surface of the K2. According to Explain the study responsible for the studythis pollutant can be an ice risk in a mountainous area that feeds a river responsible for supplying more than one billion people. Black carbon is presented as small carbon particles as a result of the incomplete combustion of some compounds. These particles are part of the volatile compounds known as particular matter and can affect our health and the environment. As explained by the team responsible for the study, being deposited in snow or on ice, black carbon can accelerate its melting. This may imply the loss of frozen mass, reducing the time that snow passes on the surface, they add. Taking samples. In its study, the team collected samples of superficial snow in fields 1 and 2 of the K2 between 2018 and 2019. Sampling was also carried out along the walls of two well -excavated wells in the snow layer on the glacier. The team performed an isotopic analysis of the snow layer to estimate when the snow began to accumulate. All this for, In the words of Nicolás González-SantacruzCo -author of the study, “Determining the moment of formation of the snow layer is essential to precisely interpret black carbon data.” The details of the work done were published In an article In the magazine Journal of glaciology. A seasonal snow. The analysis concluded that the snow of the glacier has a seasonal character, that is, that it accumulates between October and until the end of winter and then disappear completely between spring and summer. This fact allowed to know in detail when the different concentrations of black carbon were deposited. Looking for the source of pollution. The team analyzed the black carbon samples also to track the origin of this pollutant. They found that the accumulated carbon during the fall of 2018 had their main origin in the North Basin of the Indo River, while in the subsequent concentrations (winter 2018 and 2019), the influence of regions such as the Middle East, Asia Central and Eastern Europe, González-Santacruz added. The sum of several problems. We associate the thaw of glaciers and other icy areas of the world to climate change derived from high atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. However, neither thaw is the only phenomenon attributable to this change nor global warming has to be the sole responsible for the thaw. Understanding the diversity of factors that are interconnected in the context of climate change is key to understanding the potential effects of this, both in terms of people and in what affects ecosystems. In Xataka | Snowing stations at the end of the century: the most pessimistic models show what could happen in our high mountain Image | Zacharie Grossen, CC by-SA 4.0

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