drink

How much coffee can you drink a day? Science has a very clear limit to avoid its harmful effects

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For many of us, the starter motor in the morning It has a dark color and a roasted aroma that characterize coffee so much. A drink that is one of the most consumed in the world, but with a popularity that has been accompanied by alarmist headlines about how bad it is to ingest it and the effects it can have directly on the organs. But the truth is that there are lights and shadows. There is good news. For those who love coffee, it will undoubtedly be a relief to know that the literature indicates that consumption is not as catastrophic as they want to sell. But, as in everything, excesses of something can always lead to problems, even if it may seem like something super healthy, such as water. And coffee, obviously, is not exempt. The limit. When it comes to establishing a red line for safe consumption, the clinical reference is not in the WHO, but in the FDA and the EFSAwhich are the food safety regulatory agencies in the United States and Europe, respectively. Here both point to the same figure in coffee consumption: 400 milligrams of caffeine per day. A very relevant figure, since for the vast majority of healthy adults, consuming up to 400 mg daily is not associated with harmful health effectshighlighting that this amount can be part of a perfectly healthy diet and lifestyle. How many coffees is this equivalent to? This is where things get complicated since talking about “cups” is an analytical error, because not all coffees are the same. That is why for the FDA a 355 ml cup, which is a standard size, can contain between 113 and 247 mg of caffeine. But all this depends on the type of preparation, the extraction time or the coffee used, because Robusta coffee has more caffeine than Arabica, for example. But generally speaking, that 400 mg is equivalent to about 3 or 4 cups of standard filter coffee per day. Organic damage. It is easy to see different alarming messages warning that coffee can damage our entire interior if a specific dose is exceeded. But the reality is that the WHO does not send this message to society, since it is too alarming and does not correspond at all to reality. What is true is that excessive daily coffee consumption has important effects on our body, but it will not ‘rot’ our internal organs. Among these stand out insomnia, nervousness, irritability, palpitations, muscle tremors, intestinal irritation, headache… This means that, although we talk about coffee not being contradictory for the population, logically, if there is an underlying problem, it may be better not to drink it, and even less so if it is taken in great excess throughout the day. It has benefits. On other occasions we have talked about coffee and its benefits, because it has more than just keeping us awake in the morning. Here different studies have already pointed out to us the cardiovascular benefits it can have or even improves sports performance. But the metabolism of each person is quite involved here, since there is no single metabolism. In this case, there are people who process caffeine very quickly and its effect disappears quickly, but there are other cases where they metabolize it slowly, so its effects remain in the body and they may, for example, have more problems with insomnia, nervousness or palpitations because they are more “sensitive” to caffeine. This is the explanation, for example, that a person can boast of having a coffee at night and being able to sleep perfectly. There are exceptions. Although we talk about a limit of 400 mg of caffeine, there are people who logically cannot reach this limit, such as pregnant women, where a maximum of 200 mg per day is recommended, since excess caffeine can cross the placenta and affect fetal development. But it also influences, for example, the cholesterol level, since here the Mayo Clinic points out that the consumption of unfiltered coffee, such as Turkish coffee, can raise cholesterol levels due to compounds such as cafestol. Images | Dragana_Gordic in Magnific In Xataka | If the question is “how much caffeine is in each cup of coffee or tea,” this graph offers insightful answers.

that “drink” fuel without stepping on land

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In the 80s, during exercises in the Atlantic, several pilots British Harrier They confessed that one of the greatest tensions was not the combat itself, but rather the time to return to the aircraft carrier with fuel in the red, adjusting each maneuver so as not to run out of margin in the last minutes. On more than one occasion, that millimeter calculation turned the landing into a matter of well-timed seconds. The limit that was always there. The anecdote is not trivial, since for decades the Harrier fighters of the Navy have operated with a clear restriction that conditioned each mission: their fuel dependency available when taking off from the ship. This limitation marked the time in the air, the radius of action and the ability to sustain operations far from the starting point, forcing each flight to be planned carefully. very tight margins. Let’s think that we are talking about an environment where projection and persistence are increasingly determining factors, which is why this barrier had become one of the most difficult factors to overcome. Without depending on land. That scenario has now changed with a milestone that, although seemingly technical, has quite profound operational implications: for the first time, a Spanish Harrier has been refueled in flight for a A330 MRTT of the Air and Space Army. The maneuver not only demonstrates compatibility between platforms, it also opens the door for these fighters to stay in the air much longer without needing to return to deck. In practice, it means that the Harrier can continue operating, surveilling or attacking without the fuel clock marking the end of the mission. A range and time multiplier in combat. The announced in-flight refueling completely transforms the aircraft’s operational profile, and it does so because expands its radius of action and allows you to stay in the area for much longer periods. This is especially relevant for a carrier-based fighter, an aircraft whose natural environment imposes obvious logistical constraints. In other words, with this capability, the Harrier can get further away from the shipcover more space and respond more flexibly to changing situations, something key in both defense missions and projection operations. Interoperability: two armies in one. Beyond refueling itself, the Spanish exercise represents a leap in integration between the Navy and the Air Forceby coordinating different systems (the Harrier boom and the A330 basket) in a joint operation. Plus: this type of capabilities reinforces the idea of ​​a more connected force, capable of operating in coordinated and efficient manner in complex scenarios. Furthermore, the A330 MRTT establishes itself as a central piece, capable of supplying multiple platforms and acting as a true force multiplier. Extend the life of a “veteran”. It is the last of the legs to analyze, because the context is key to understanding the importance of the advance: the Harrier continues to be a fundamental asset for the Spanish Navy, especially while its replacement by the F-35B. In the face of uncertainty, the strategy involves extend its useful life through maintenance, spare parts and improvements that maintain its operational relevance. The in-flight refueling capability fits perfectly into that goal, increasing its utility without the need to introduce a new system. Beyond a simple test. In short, what at first glance may seem like a technical test is, in reality, a paradigm shift on how Spain can use its embarked fighters. Allowing these planes to “drink” fuel in the air eliminates one of their main restrictions and brings them closer to a much more efficient operating model. more flexible and sustained in time. In a scenario where the speed of response and the ability to remain in the area make the difference, the advance redefines the role of the Harrier and expands the real scope of Spanish aerial projection. Image | Navy, Counting Stars In Xataka | Spain has a dilemma that is difficult to solve: call the US or be the last with a fighter jet in danger of extinction In Xataka | Spain has built a laser that shields the backbone of its Navy: the A400M is now ready for combat

Drink water right before going to sleep? Science has finally clarified whether it is a good idea or a terrible enemy of sleep

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Before going to sleep, some people may have an almost standardized ritual in which they should drink one or two glasses of water, and also have a backup on the bedside table in case they get thirsty in the middle of the night. But there are also many questions about whether it is positive to drink water before sleeping for eight hours or if it is counterproductive by forcing us to get up in the middle of the night. And here science has something to say. It has benefits. What is clearly known is that during the night our body does not go into a total pause, but rather continues with an active metabolism even though it is attenuated. That is why we lose approximately half a liter of water simply due to evaporation when breathing and sweating, and to compensate for this, hydration can be the best ally. It is investigated. A Japanese studio published this same year analyzed a group of middle-aged men to conclude that drinking 280 ml of water just before going to bed significantly reduces morning depressive mood and improves well-being upon waking up. But it is not the only one, because a 2025 crossover trial with 15 healthy adults found a relationship between drinking fluids before sleeping and the duration and quality of sleep. REM phasewhich is what makes us truly rest. And it makes sense, because adequate hydration favors the release of vasopressin, a key hormone for regulating the biological clock and preventing tissue dehydration during deep sleep. And it is essential, because it can translate into less fatigue and headaches in the morning. He has problems. It will not always be beneficial to have this habit, since the main enemy of drinking water at night is nocturiawhich is the need to wake up to urinate during the night. And although the total time we spend awake is not drastically altered, because it is only a few minutes, there is an interruption in sleep. It depends on the quantity. Logically, drinking a glass of water is not the same as drinking a whole bottle before going to sleep. That is why when you go over half a liter of water there is a possibility that some pre-existing problems such as chronic insomnia will worsen or even increase the risk of falls when getting up in the dark. How to do it. There are a series of tips that we can follow to stay hydrated during sleep and they are summarized in the following points: You should limit yourself to drinking around a quarter of a liter of water in the final part of the day to avoid overfilling your bladder. The last glass of water should be drunk two hours before going to sleep. Maintain good hydration throughout the day to avoid reaching the end of the day with a major hydration problem. Images | krakenimages.com on Freepik In Xataka | There are people obsessed with magnesium as a supplement when the best way is to put it directly into your diet

Wild chimpanzees drink the equivalent of almost two glasses of alcohol a day

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If we test chimpanzees for blood alcohol levels, we would most likely see that they test positive as sI would have had a drink or two. And here the fault is not in the fact that they have a hidden bottle of whiskey, but in the sugars present in the fruits they consume and their microbial fermentation. But from here on, science has debated whether our attraction to alcohol It is due to an ‘evolutionary accident’ or a direct inheritance from our primate ancestors. Something that has been determined now. A new study. Published by researchers at the University of California and which suggests that wild chimpanzees consume substantial amounts of ethanol in their daily diet. To demonstrate this, the team went to Kibale National Park, Ugandato be able to monitor several chimpanzees. And instead of doing a blood test, the researchers opted for a non-invasive method by analyzing the urine of the 19 wild chimpanzees. In this case, what was being sought was not raw ethanol, but a very specific biomarker called ethylglucuronide which tells us that ethanol has been processed. Your diet. As we have said before, the secret of this discovery is not in the alcohol that we know, but in the fruit. That is why during the research the chimpanzees fed almost exclusively on a species of canopy tree called the African star apple. When specifically analyzing this apple, it was found that it contained alcohol in a proportion of 0.09%, while in some harvests it could reach 0.4%. The results. After performing urine analyzes on the chimpanzees, it was possible to see that, of the 20 individual urine samples collected, 17 tested positive for ethylglucuronide, exceeding a threshold of 300 ng per milliliter of urine. But in addition, of a set of 11 of these positive samples, 10 tested positive again when subjected to a much higher clinical threshold of 500 ng/ml. The “drunk monkey.” The researchers point out here that this continuous intake of fermented fruit translates into an average dose of 14 grams of ethanol per day for the chimpanzees. In human terms, it is as if they had drunk one and a half drinks a day. These findings offer vital physiological support to the famous “drunken monkey” hypothesis which suggests that the attraction that modern humans feel for alcohol has its evolutionary origin precisely here: in an adaptation of our ancestors to locate, through long-distance smell, crops of ripe fruit and, therefore, more caloric thanks to the smell of ethanol. A mismatch. The problem is that this vestige of the past has gone down the wrong path, since the current problem lies in an evolutionary imbalance. While our ancestors chronically consumed ethanol in low concentrations through a fruit-centered diet, today humans have access to distilled alcohol in massive quantities and not through a survival system. Now, this discovery not only changes our understanding of primate feeding ecology, but opens the door to future research into how this natural alcohol consumption could affect the social behavior of chimpanzees, including factors such as aggression or reproduction. Images | David Trinks Brian Jones In Xataka | We believed that war was a unique and exclusively human invention. Until we look at chimpanzees

We have been telling ourselves since 1945 that we should drink “two liters of water a day.” Science is clear that this is not the case.

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One of the most popular rules in popular health culturewithout a doubt it is in the amount of water you have to drink per day. An amount that is located in eight glasses a day or what is the same: the immovable figure of two literss. We see it in fitness applications, in influencers’ advice and we hear it repeated like a mantra, but the reality is that there is quite a myth behind this. We are different people. A very common phrase within medicine is precisely “there are no equal people”, and not only because of the external physique, but because of everything that is inside. This forces the medicine Focus towards a more individualized idea in your medical advice that have to be given, included in nutrition or water consumption. This forces us to have to personalize the amount of water that each person should consume, because a person who is 2 meters tall and weighs 100 kg with a large amount of muscle is not the same as an elderly person who has a much slower metabolism. Logically, the two liters of water mantra cannot be established here. The origin of the error. To understand why we drink (or think we should drink) so much, you have to travel back to 1945. According to key review by Dr. Heinz Valtin in it American Journal of Physiology 2002, the myth of the “8×8” rule, that is, 8 8-ounce glasses to have almost 2 liters of water, probably comes from a misinterpretation of a guide from the Food and Nutrition Board. A guide that indicated that it was always recommended to have an adequate intake of 2.5 liters of fluids per day. But most people ignored the accompanying sentence that said, “most of this amount is in prepared foods.” What the institutions say. So the question is quite clear: how much should we drink per day? In this case there are different official figures, but they have fine print. We have one of the examples in the European Food Safety Authority Panel 2010 established adequate water intake at 2 liters per day for women and 2.5 liters per day for men. But here’s the key: the EFSA specifies that this refers to total water, that is, the sum of drinks plus food. And there are many dishes that have a large amount of water, such as soup, although fruits also have a lot of water inside. Even in the United States. If we move to the recommendations made in the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the USA from 2005, suggests that the total water figures should be 2.7 liters per day for women and 3.7 liters per day for men. But again, it includes all the dietary intake that is made per day and not just glasses of tap water. The latest science. If we come more to the present, we also have scientific studies that have sought to dismantle a universal fixed figure set at two liters per day. One of the most important is the one published in Science in 2022 that used isotopes to measure water exchange in 5,604 people, and that showed that real needs vary enormously between people. One of the conclusions they addressed was that for most people in temperate climates and with sedentary lives, the real water intake needs are between 1.5 and 1.8 liters per day, far from the demands of wellness marketing. And it is reinforced. It is not a study that is isolated, but also in 2022 the magazine Scientific Reports, published research where this idea was reinforced: they predict necessary beverage intakes of about 1.6 L for women and 2.0 L for men, always depending on factors such as age, sex and body composition. Is more water better? One of the most repeated arguments by proponents of hyperhydration is that we should drink “before we are thirsty.” modern physiology, backed by scientific reviews and analysis of urinary osmolarity, refutes this fear that we may have. Specifically, the human body has an extremely sensitive osmoregulation system. When the concentration of solutes in the blood increases by only 2%well below clinical dehydration, the brain already activates the sensation of being thirsty and releases the necessary hormone to begin conserving water so that it does not ‘leave’ in the urine. There are exceptions. Unless you are an elderly person (whose thirst sensation is attenuated) or a high-performance athlete in the midst of intense effort, drinking when thirsty is the most accurate and scientifically validated strategy for maintaining water balance. When you should drink more water. That the “mandatory two liters” are a myth does not mean that water is not logically vital. The most recent systematic reviews and other clinical means confirm that increasing water intake has clear therapeutic benefits in very specific cases that are not universal. These can be the following: Having a kidney stone: here the “more, the better” applies since increasing urinary flow is key to preventing the recurrence of this disease. Urinary infections: a problem that mainly affects women, and that requires ‘overhydration’ to reduce risk of new episodes. Weight loss: Although the evidence is mixed, drinking water may help with satiety and, marginally, energy expenditure. Although it is not a magic solution against obesity. More common sense. The obsession with two liters is a perfect example of how an old and misinterpreted scientific recommendation becomes a cultural dogma. The reality, supported by decades of studies from Valtin to the latest isotopic analyses, is that we are not machines that need a fixed tank filling every 24 hours. In this way, our body’s water needs are dynamic. Water needs are dynamic. If you eat a lot of fruits and vegetables, work in an air-conditioned office, and don’t run marathons every day, forcing yourself to drink 2 liters of extra water will probably only do one thing: interrupting your work to go to the bathroom more times. The situation. In this way we can understand that … Read more

Science has something to say to all those who drink coffee as soon as they wake up

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Having a coffee for many is something that It is essential to start the day. It is something that in our country has become a cultural habit, but it is also a very relevant pharmacological event. Since although many people’s day doesn’t start until this coffee, our body already has its own “start-up” system built in as standard that we could be affecting. A good debate. Recently has arisen an idea that has set a precedent: Ingesting caffeine immediately after waking up interferes with the body’s natural biology. Specifically, with cortisolwhich is the stress hormone that allows us to wake up in the morning and sustain us throughout the day. Given this, It is recommended to wait between 60 and 90 minutes to drink your first cup of coffee.. Although… How much truth does this have? If we analyze the most recent clinical literature and population studies, we discover that Coffee in the morning is, in fact, a powerful ally for cardiovascular healthbut its maximum effectiveness depends on fine synchronization with our hormones. Natural injection of energy. To understand the effect of coffee on our body, we must first understand what happens when you don’t drink it. When you open your eyes, your brain doesn’t turn on like a switch, but instead starts a chemical cascade known as Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR). This is essential, since upon waking up, cortisol begins to increase and reaches its maximum peak approximately 30 to 60 minutes after opening the eyes. A hormone that is essential to activate us, and that is released in large quantities, for example when we are stressed or there is danger. A limbo of signals. In this way, if we introduce caffeine right into the body when cortisol is rising, we may be generating unnecessary overstimulation, increasing nervousness or so-called jitters. Furthermore, caffeine (despite the fact that it hurts for some) does not provide real energy to our body, but what it does is block the adenosine receptors, which is responsible for making us feel tired. In this way, when we wake up, there is still some of this signal in the body and if we block it suddenly and too soon, when the effect of the coffee wears off, this accumulated adenosine suddenly binds to its receptors and causes the famous mid-afternoon fatigue. What science knows. To date, there are no controlled clinical trials that compare the long-term cognitive performance of a group of people who drink coffee immediately versus another who waits 90 minutes. But what we do know is that there is a tolerance effect. A study published in PMC points out that in regular coffee consumers, the cortisol response to caffeine is significantly attenuated. That is, your body has already gotten used to that morning “hit” and the hormonal interference is much less than in an occasional consumer. In this way, when we remove the morning coffee, it may be much more difficult for a person to properly start their body as they lack that ‘drive’ to which their body has become accustomed. The night battle. Where the science is clear is in the use of caffeine late in the day. A study in Science Translational Medicine showed that a double espresso three hours before bed delays the circadian clock by about 40 minutes, seriously affecting sleep quality. Is it worth waiting? If you are one of those who feel intense anxiety after the first coffee or if you experience an unbearable drop in energy at two in the afternoon, the recommendation to wait 90 minutes has physiological plausibility and can be a valuable personal experiment. By delaying caffeine, you allow cortisol to do its job and residual adenosine to be cleared more naturally so you don’t have that unpleasant mid-afternoon tiredness. However, for the healthy general population accustomed to coffeethere is no evidence that taking it as soon as you wake up is harmful. We are only left with that effect of dependence on coffee that interferes with the internal ‘caffeine’ of awakening that our body produces. This is why the 90-minute rule is more advice based on clinical observation and biological logic than on robust studies. In Xataka | We knew that coffee was good for our health, but now we have discovered that it is a great ally of our microbiota

It is now legal to bring your own food and drink into festivals

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It is a battle for consumer rights that is receiving very notable attention, and there is nothing strange about it: it affects some of the most widespread forms of leisure, cinema and concerts, and at stake is the right of customers to bring drinks and food into the venues. FACUA has been filing complaints against cinemas and event organizers for years and today we have a resolution that could set a precedent that changes everything. What has happened? The Court of First Instance number 4 of Valencia has issued the first ruling in Spain declaring null and void the clauses of a festival that prohibited access to the venue with food and drinks purchased abroad. The judicial resolution affects the Madrid Salvaje festival, and considers these restrictions as abusive practices that violate consumer rights as reported by FACUAthe association that filed the lawsuit. The ruling also annuls the charge of three euros as “management expenses” that the organization applied to attendees who wanted to recover the unconsumed balance on the bracelets. cashless. The court expressly prohibits the promoter to reiterate these practices in future events and thus establishes a precedent that could affect future editions of festivals in Spain. Because. The sentence justify your decision in the impossibility of attendees doing without food during the long days that the festivals last. The magistrate emphasizes that requiring users to leave the premises to eat would mean missing part of the scheduled concerts, in addition to generating unnecessary inconvenience. The resolution concludes that this prohibition constitutes in practice a forced imposition of hospitality services that consumers have not requested. That is, preventing entry with food from outside is equivalent to forcing the audience to purchase products exclusively in the festival’s internal establishments, which represents an “unjustified contractual imbalance.” The ruling emphasizes that the fundamental purpose of these events is to offer musical entertainment, with the restoration being a merely accessory element that should not condition the enjoyment of the main show. Repeat offenders. This is not the first time that Madrid Salvaje AIE has faced sanctions for its trade policies. The Community of Madrid has already imposed a fine of 96,000 euros for irregularities committed during the 2023 edition of the Brava Madrid festival. That sanction responded to the imposition of the system cashless as the only form of payment within the premises, without the possibility of paying in cash. In addition, the organization established a period of only seven days to claim outstanding balances. FACUA maintains active complaints against the 2024 and 2025 editions of Brava Madrid. Legal precedents: cinemas. The judicial argument of the case does not arise from nowhere, but is based on precedents established around the film sector. The Superior Court of Justice of Castilla-La Mancha established in a previous resolution that prohibiting the consumption of products according to their origin constitutes an irrational restriction of the consumer’s ability to choose. That ruling introduced the concept of “tied sales”, identifying how establishments use their dominant position to indirectly force the purchase of complementary services. The report prepared in 2016 by the then Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition (Aecosan, today Aesan) was especially forceful when analyzing these prohibitions in movie theaters, concluding that the viewer was unjustifiably deprived of the main service they had paid for (watching the movie) when they were unilaterally imposed on them to use accessory services that they never requested, with the sale of food and drink being a secondary activity, not the essence of the movie business. The fines. These rulings regarding cinemas led to specific financial sanctions. The Basque Consumer Institute fined Yelmo Cines with 30,001 euros after a complaint from FACUA Euskadi for preventing access with external food. FACUA Galicia filed similar complaints against Cinesa in the Marineda City shopping center in A Coruña, while the Andalusian federation denounced five Yelmo establishments for repeating this policy after having been previously warned by the Junta de Andalucía in 2019. Implications. This court ruling sets a precedent of enormous relevance for the music festival industry in Spain, being the first resolution that specifically addresses these practices in events of this type. The ruling opens the door to possible retrospective claims by attendees who were affected by similar policies in past editions of Madrid Salvaje or other festivals that have maintained similar restrictions. It is an unequivocal warning about the illegality of such measures. The court decision significantly strengthens the position of consumer organizations, which have been fighting these trade policies for years. The court’s express order prohibiting Madrid Salvaje AIE from reiterating any of these clauses in future events also establishes a control mechanism that could be applied to other promoters. The cases pending resolution in courts regarding analogous situations—both in festivals and in other leisure spaces—now have a solid jurisprudential reference that will predictably influence the rulings. From now on, consumers have the right to freely choose where to purchase their food, which takes precedence over the commercial interests of the organizing companies, which redefines the relationship that existed to date between promoters and the public. Header | Colin Lloyd in Unsplash

We already know who is going to drink all the coffee that Brazil will not export to the US for the tariffs: China

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If we do not count the water, coffee would be the most consumed drink in the world. It is for his benefits in the agencyby him Caffeine contribution And even for Psychological effects. And a country that has “discovered” coffee is recently China. In fact, consumption has shot in such a way that, in the United States Tariff Vorágineit has become the lifeguard for the main coffee producer worldwide. Brazil. Short. In recent months, the coffee segment has lived A ‘perfect storm’ that has significantly raised the price of the Arabica and Robust varieties. Reasons? Several: storms and droughts that have affected the harvest, difficulties in transport and a demand that could not be satisfied. The last factor to join has been Donald Trump with his tariffs. The threat of tariffs To the main coffee producers, the table has been flying over, but, as he points out Reutersfinally on August 6, a 50% tariff to some Brazilian products. Currently, Brazil sells about eight million sacks annually to the US, assuming a third of the world demand in the North American country each year in a trade valued at 4.4 billion dollars. And we will have to see what happens now that it will be more expensive to buy that coffee. Approaching China more. Brazil not only sells -Mucho- coffee to the United States: it also exports orange juice and a large amount of vaccine meat, among other products, but China is not really so far from the South American country in commercial terms. In fact, in general, it is its main commercial partner. They buy soybeans (70% of the soy that exports Brazil goes to China), vital iron minerals for the huge steel industry and construction of the ‘Asian giant’, oil, meat, cellulose and other products such as sugar, wood or cotton. In June of this year, Brazil exported 440,034 coffee bags to the US for the 56,000 bags exported to China, but the figure will change from now on because, as Reuters confirms, China has approved 183 new Brazilian coffee companies to export their product to the Chinese market. Thirst for coffee. It is something that will come well to Brazil, but that should also influence The cup price In a China where coffee consumption has shot this last decade. It is estimated that its consumption has grown at double -digit rates since 2010, with a growth Annual average of more than 20% that is well above a world average that barely reaches 2%. In 2023, se They consumed Some 5.8 million bags and it is estimated that this 2025 will rise to 6.3 million, a figure that doubles the consumption of 2019 and, although consumption per person is less than in other countries, the calculation is that there are about 400 million people who drink coffee regularly. And growing. Coffee shops like mushrooms. Most of these new consumers are young adults between 25 and 44 years who turn Series of common characteristics. They are inhabitants of large cities with high levels of both education and income. And that popularity that is gaining coffee is due, in large part, to the opening of Thousands of new coffee shops and coffee shops. It is estimated that that Cafeteria boom in China It was more than 50% these last two years, being Shanghai the world capital of coffee shops with about 9,500 shops. And all this translates into a market whose value Keep growingmoving from 38,000 million dollars in 2023 to 43,000 million in 2024. It could be a Starbucks bar, but it’s from Luckin Coffee Changing tastes. There is Other factors that influence that growth of the industry, such as urbanization, the increase in middle class and western influence, with brands such as Starbucks and national competition such as Luckin Coffee turning the drink into a kind of “trend” between new generations. And the “coffee culture” is also planting its seed. It is estimated that instant coffee and drink consumed with others still predominates, as if it were a combined, but the specialty coffee and the consumption of newly ground grain beverages are also making its way to elbows, becoming with more than 40% of the Chinese coffee market in 2023. In short, the ‘thirst for coffee’ in China not only redefines consumption habits, but can also be economic lifeguards for Brazilian producers before an uncertain international scenario. We will also have to see if US consumers will be willing to pay more for coffee or if, as industry personalities such as the Mandamases of the Lavazza group, that consumer, that consumer is already drowned by the price of the cup. Images | Shwangtianyuan, Takeoway, Poon Shuishou Simmonz In Xataka | This Japanese coffee costs the same as a month of rent in many cities. But it is not about the price, but what it represents

The heat arrives and you want to drink cold water. Science has a much more effective idea: drink hot water

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Summer arrives and with it staying well hydrated becomes an imperative. The heat will surely make a glass of cold water even more appealing, but it is likely that we have ever heard that the water, better hot. Is it a myth or is there a reason behind? Drink water. Drinking water is the important, hot or cold, keeping our body hydrated is the main objective. Despite this, drinking hot water or cold water is not exactly the same: our body can react differently Before the stimulus. This is what science tells us about it. Better digestion. Hot infusions are a desktop classic. Coffee, tea or chamomile are usual choices to close the food, especially if it has been copious. When consuming these drinks we are, indeed, Drinking hot water. In doing so we are moisturizing our body and allowing water to help the flow of food in our digestive system. Part of the effect we owe it to the mere fact of being drinking water, but there are some studies that suggest that the temperature could play an important role in the digestive effect of this desktop habit. A Study published in 2016 Focused on newly operated patients, he observed that the consumption of hot water in recently operated in the colon had a “positive impact” on subsequent intestinal movements. Do you lose weight drinking water? In 2023, a group of researchers conducted An experiment in which a group of participants had to consume a certain amount of warm or hot water after meals, while the rest had to consume the same amount of water at a temperature without specifying the temperature. As reported by the team, the group that consumed hot water lost body mass more speed than the control group. This could explain why we associate drinks such as tea are associated with weight loss. The diuretic potential of some infusions and the benefits that others have on intestinal transit could be related to the mere act of drinking hot water, but the truth is that the tests we have are very limited, so we still cannot add the hot water to the eternal list of candidates for “miracle diet”. Cool ourselves with hot water. It may seem Little appealingbut hot infusions are a classic in some of the most scorching environments in the world. Our body is about 37º Celsius: if we consume something at a higher temperature, our body will absorb that heat. It doesn’t seem like a good plan. And yet it works (although not always). The key, The experts point outis how our body dissipates heat through sweat. A hot drink can activate nervous receptors by sending the signal that the temperature is greater than what is actually, which in turn does that our body begins to sweat and thus begin to dissipate heat through the water we expel by the skin. To sweat, of course, it should also be hydrated. When may not work? Drinking hot water to reduce our body heat can be a bad idea in some contexts, mainly When moisture is high. Moisture makes sweat dissipated, with it, avoiding it heat. Temperature and hydration. Hot or cold, we began by saying that the most important property of water is that it hydrates: our body needs this liquid to stay alive and drinks are the main source to obtain it. Now, we know that Not all drinks hydrate the sameDoes the water do it indistinctly of its temperature? Maybe not. A Study published in 2013 He calculated how the water temperature affected the rehydration process. A too hot water could induce sweat, causing us to lose some water at the same time we rehydrate. By contrast, water too cold or too hot can also make us drink less. The team observed that a better rehydration was achieved when consuming fresh water, about 16º, a temperature similar to that offered by tap water. In Xataka | It’s time to banish the myth of drinking “eight water vessels per day”, but we have a problem to do it Image | Pixabay

The countries that drink beer around the world, exposed in this happy graphic

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There are more than 2,000 million people drink alcohol often, according to The World Health Organization. Within these data are the Beer drinkersa drink that, Like coffeeit is one of the most consumed in the world. Logically due to its population, China has been dominating as the country that consumes more beer In the world. But if we look at the consumption of per capita beer, the thing changes. And here it only remains to ask … what happens in the Czech Republic. The Czechs is one thing. The Kirin Group public At the end of last year a report on world beer consumption based on questioning sent to beer associations from different countries and industry reports, and is the basis on which Visual Capitalist He has elaborated the graph that you have on these lines. In it, we can see that many countries are quite aligned in per capita annual consumption, but there is one that is notable: Czech Republic. According to these data, the country’s per capita consumption was 152.1 liters per year. It is a figure that is far, far from the 106.5 liters of the Austrians, of the 103.3 liters of the Lithuanians and the 100.6 liters of the Irish, who are the ones that complete the list of countries with consumption above 100 liters. Heritage. Kirin’s report points out that most countries have remained in the same positions that occupied the previous year, but with a notable rise in Croatia, which passes from position ten to five in 2024. Consumption in Spain is not far behind, but there are more and more reports that point to a decrease in consumption In Spanish lands. Let’s go back to the Czech Republic for a moment, since it is a country where beer serves you in bars, unless you say they stop doing it. As in Germany or Belgium, they have recognized the beer culture as part of its national heritage. The three have cataloged the drink and its preparation as an intangible cultural asset, something that is not yet on the Unesco heritage list, but that reflects the importance that the drink has in each of the nations. Because this goes beyond the product, bottled beer, but covers The whole process. It is a celebration of the cultivation of hops and barley, traditional beer trades, the social role of taverns in both rural and urban areas and the role it plays in everyday life. Interestingly, in the list, Belgium occupies much lower positions of consumption. Leaving Europe. This beer tradition permeates consumption worldwide and therefore, although Europe is not the leading territory, it does have the countries where each citizen drinks more liters a year. To find the first non -European country, we must go down to 13th place, where Panama is. Here we start seeing countries like Mexico (15), Gabon (16) or South Africa (18). The United States, which also acquired a wide beer culture fruit of all the miscegenation of the country, is in 27th position with 63.1 liters per capita and curious is the 25th place in the United Kingdom with 65.5 liters. Zero-Ceroseseism. These data, remember, belong to the study prepared by Kirin, but, liter above, liter below, the top positions with that Czech Republic at the head of world beer consumption are something that remains in other statistics. Now, within all the beer consumed in Europe, there is something that is taking impulse: The production of alcohol without alcohol. In 2023 se They produced 34.3 billion liters of beer (being Germany, Spain and Poland the ones that most fermented), 1.8 billion Liters without alcoholbut although it seems little, it is an increase of 13.5% compared to beer data with less than 0.5% alcohol of 2022. And it occurs more because it is also consumed more. In Spain, for example, in 2023 it was consumed 3.5% more of alcohol -free beer than in 2022. We will see if that increase in the consumption of beer without alcohol, something that already shows in advertising, and the decline of alcohol consumption in young Europeans becomes a trend and how it influences these annual statistics. In Xataka | Alcohol kills, but not everyone equally: why Spain and Italy consume more but die less

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