How much coffee can you drink a day? Science has a very clear limit to avoid its harmful effects

For many of us, the starter motor in the morning It has a dark color and a roasted aroma that characterize coffee so much. A drink that is one of the most consumed in the world, but with a popularity that has been accompanied by alarmist headlines about how bad it is to ingest it and the effects it can have directly on the organs. But the truth is that there are lights and shadows. There is good news. For those who love coffee, it will undoubtedly be a relief to know that the literature indicates that consumption is not as catastrophic as they want to sell. But, as in everything, excesses of something can always lead to problems, even if it may seem like something super healthy, such as water. And coffee, obviously, is not exempt. The limit. When it comes to establishing a red line for safe consumption, the clinical reference is not in the WHO, but in the FDA and the EFSAwhich are the food safety regulatory agencies in the United States and Europe, respectively. Here both point to the same figure in coffee consumption: 400 milligrams of caffeine per day. A very relevant figure, since for the vast majority of healthy adults, consuming up to 400 mg daily is not associated with harmful health effectshighlighting that this amount can be part of a perfectly healthy diet and lifestyle. How many coffees is this equivalent to? This is where things get complicated since talking about “cups” is an analytical error, because not all coffees are the same. That is why for the FDA a 355 ml cup, which is a standard size, can contain between 113 and 247 mg of caffeine. But all this depends on the type of preparation, the extraction time or the coffee used, because Robusta coffee has more caffeine than Arabica, for example. But generally speaking, that 400 mg is equivalent to about 3 or 4 cups of standard filter coffee per day. Organic damage. It is easy to see different alarming messages warning that coffee can damage our entire interior if a specific dose is exceeded. But the reality is that the WHO does not send this message to society, since it is too alarming and does not correspond at all to reality. What is true is that excessive daily coffee consumption has important effects on our body, but it will not ‘rot’ our internal organs. Among these stand out insomnia, nervousness, irritability, palpitations, muscle tremors, intestinal irritation, headache… This means that, although we talk about coffee not being contradictory for the population, logically, if there is an underlying problem, it may be better not to drink it, and even less so if it is taken in great excess throughout the day. It has benefits. On other occasions we have talked about coffee and its benefits, because it has more than just keeping us awake in the morning. Here different studies have already pointed out to us the cardiovascular benefits it can have or even improves sports performance. But the metabolism of each person is quite involved here, since there is no single metabolism. In this case, there are people who process caffeine very quickly and its effect disappears quickly, but there are other cases where they metabolize it slowly, so its effects remain in the body and they may, for example, have more problems with insomnia, nervousness or palpitations because they are more “sensitive” to caffeine. This is the explanation, for example, that a person can boast of having a coffee at night and being able to sleep perfectly. There are exceptions. Although we talk about a limit of 400 mg of caffeine, there are people who logically cannot reach this limit, such as pregnant women, where a maximum of 200 mg per day is recommended, since excess caffeine can cross the placenta and affect fetal development. But it also influences, for example, the cholesterol level, since here the Mayo Clinic points out that the consumption of unfiltered coffee, such as Turkish coffee, can raise cholesterol levels due to compounds such as cafestol. Images | Dragana_Gordic in Magnific In Xataka | If the question is “how much caffeine is in each cup of coffee or tea,” this graph offers insightful answers.

One of the 100 most harmful species in the world has settled in Spain. It’s a cute domestic turtle

These are not good times for Spanish tortoises. On the peninsula we only have two native species of freshwater turtle: the leprous ones (Mauremys leprosa) and the European ones (Emys orbicularis). Both are in decline and it is not (only) because of hunting and the destruction of their habitats; It is, above all, for something much more prosaic: the hundreds of turtles that are sold every year and that they end up abandoned in rivers, reservoirs or ponds. This is not new; we have been around since 97 prohibiting the sale of more and more exotic turtles. The problem is that the situation has gotten completely out of hand. The turtles have become a real plague in the interior provinces. Turtles are a terrible gift. And, as I say, we have known this for almost 30 years. The State (in 1997, in 2013 and in 2025) has successively prohibited the sale of more and more species of turtles. It hasn’t helped much: every time a species is banned, it is replaced by another. Especially between individuals. They all end up in the same way: in the natural environment. The best example is less than a year old: in May 2025, the Ministry expanded the Spanish Catalog of Invasive Exotic Species incorporating the two genera of turtles (Pseudemys and Mauremys) that the stores began to sell when the Trachemys in 2013. There is no systematic study of the problem, but the signs are clear. In Salamanca, for example there is confirmed presence of painted turtles and Florida red-bellied turtles. And in Extremadura, according to the Boardthere are eight exotic turtles for every native one in the Guadiana. In Catalonia, to finish the walk through the peninsular geography, 17 different species have been found in different natural areas. And it’s not nonsense. After all, the Florida turtle is one of the 100 most harmful invasive alien species in the world. Although They have been banned for more than 30 years throughout Europe, they continue to wreak havoc. These species represent the second cause of biodiversity loss in the world. What to do if we have a turtle at home? It is important to note that, one way or another, it is only legal to have banned turtles at home if they were purchased before the ban and were declared at the time to the relevant authority. But its transfer, sale or reproduction is prohibited; and, of course, release them into the natural environment. Image | Pedro Novales In Xataka | There are more and more turtles on the beaches of the Spanish Mediterranean. This is not good news for anyone involved.

The coipú, one of the 100 most harmful invasive species in the world, is at the gates of Barcelona

You can remember the Castor or the musk, but Coipú is something else. Coming from South America, this rodent is “similar to a large rat of small ears, with the end of the snout and white cheeks.” It has the “robust and arched” body, the fur “of brown” and can exceed 60 cm long and 6 and a half kilos of weight. In addition, in Spain, it is an invasive species. An invasive species that does not stop growing. What does a mouse like you in a place like this? To Catalonia, According to the Ecological Research Center and Forest Applicationsthey were first introduced at the beginning of the 20th century with the intention of raising them to take advantage of their skin. And, although there are documented farm leaks since the 70s, only since 2000 (when a new source of coipús appeared: France) began to expand from Empordá. The problem is that they have now detected in the Congost river. That is, they are at the gates of the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona and everything suggests that they will end up arriving. Because? Because “Coipú has a high fertility, so when it reaches areas with a climate favorable and with food, as it has found in Catalonia, its expansion is unlikely,” Marc Riera explainsCREAF researcher. Moreover, Barcelona would only be the beginning. “This situation causes coipu to extend through the Catalan coast” and reach “to the Valencian Community.” And what exactly is the problem? That is what many people ask. After all, we talk about a harmless rodent. However, its impact on the environment is very documented: “Coipú is having a serious impact on the wet areas of all the countries to which it has reached.” And it is not only that it competes with the rest of species for resources such as food, it “causes impacts on the plant species of the places where it lives and in the nearby crops, since it feeds on the base of the stems of the plants and excavates to also reach the roots. “ In fact, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has included it in the list of 100 more harmful exotic species in the world. Spain in front of Coipú. The real problem, as explained from CreafIt is that “unfortunately, once an exotic species becomes an invader in a territory, its total eradication is practically impossible.” Above all, because we must be clear that the coipú will not be the last species that reaches our territory and threatens to put all ups up. In a context in The illegal introductions of animals are the order of the day It seems clear that we must reflect on how we are managing exotic species and what means we are putting to control the new world scenario. Image | Peleg | Exocat In Xataka | Franco introduced an exotic sheep in the Teide to content the hunters. Now it is ending its ecosystem

Heat suspends Butler again, this time 2 games for missing flight and ‘insubordination’

The Miami Heat suspended Jimmy Butler for the second time in three weeks, raising the possibility that he may have played his last game with the franchise. Butler received the latest suspension — a two-game suspension — for what the Heat considered a “continuing pattern of disregard for team rules, insubordination and behavior detrimental to the club.” Among the offenses mentioned by the club in the statement it issued Wednesday night was the fact that Butler missed his flight to Milwaukee earlier in the day. The Heat were scheduled to play the Bucks on Thursday and at Brooklyn on Saturday. The soonest Butler could play again for the Heat would be Monday, at home against Orlando. And that would depend on him still being on the roster, which doesn’t seem certain. Butler told the Heat in recent weeks that he wants a trade, a demand he has not made public because league rules do not allow players to do so. Any basketball player who makes such a demand public risks a fine of up to $150,000. But the Heat revealed that request by suspending him in early January for what they considered conduct detrimental to the team, and stressed at the time that they would work to satisfy his trade request. The NBA transfer deadline is February 6. Butler was suspended for seven games earlier this month, costing him about $2.4 million in salary. Butler returned last week and had played in each of Miami’s last three games, averaging 13 points in 29.3 minutes. The Heat left for Milwaukee around 2:15 pm on Wednesday (2015 GMT). That departure time is earlier than Miami usually leaves for most of its trips, and it’s unclear if that was a factor in Butler’s delay. The dates of the matches scheduled on this Heat trip coincide with a paddle tennis tournament in Miami, which mentions Butler as honorary president and co-captain. Butler’s coffee company, Big Face, is also involved with the event. But it was not known if Butler planned to be present at that contest in Miami and if that had anything to do with him missing the flight to Milwaukee. ___ This story was translated from English by an AP editor with the help of a generative artificial intelligence tool.

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