is leaving us without sleep

With the increase in temperatures, it is normal to start tossing and turning in bed, desperately searching for the cold side of the pillow or surrendering to the air conditioning at three in the morning because nothing cool comes in through the window. What until recently we considered a simple summer annoyance has become a measurable, quantifiable and science-backed phenomenon, since global warming is literally robbing us of hours of sleep. It has been analyzed. This is not an exaggeration based on a few bad nights, but rather the scientific community has cross-referenced millions of biometric data with global weather records to confirm that nighttime heat is eroding our quality of life. This conclusion has not been reached with simple surveys, but rather A study has chosen to analyze more than 7 million sleep records obtained through activity bracelets in 68 countries. The conclusion was that, as nighttime temperatures rise, the duration and quality of rest plummet. And it is the most normal thing, since our body needs to reduce its core temperature to initiate and maintain sleep and, when the outside environment is too warm, this physiological process is blocked. More tests. Other research published in Naturethat analyzed 23 million days of sleep records put exact figures on the problem. Here they saw that, for every 10 °C increase in ambient temperature, sleep problems skyrocket, drastically reducing both the total duration of rest and, what is worse, the deep sleep phase, which is responsible for the physical and cognitive restoration of our body. Many factors. Although the temperature increases for everyone equally, it does not affect us in the same way, as a review points out published in Sleep Medicine. One of their conclusions is that in older people the capacity for self-regulation is naturally lower, and that is why it is much more difficult for an aging body to dissipate heat and adapt its core temperature, making them much more vulnerable to tropical nights. Sex also influences, since studies indicate that the impact on sleep loss for each extra degree of temperature is significantly greater in women than in men, due in part to physiological differences in thermal regulation and hormonal factors. Socially. If we cross all this data with the economic level, we can see that in developing regions the loss of sleep is much greater, which makes us revive the term “air conditioning gap.” And those who cannot afford cooling systems or live in areas with poor infrastructure suffer the impact of the heat to the fullest. Climate change. We can’t just blame the summer, as organizations like Climate Central have started to calculate exactly how many of these hours of lost sleep bear the direct signature of anthropogenic climate change. Their recent analysis shows that global warming is multiplying the frequency of these abnormally warm nights, and it’s not just that it’s hot in July, but that nighttime minimum temperatures are rising at a faster rate than daytime maximums. That is to say, we are facing a major public health problem, since chronic loss of sleep not only makes us feel bad the next day. It has been shown that not sleeping properly is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, mental health problems, cognitive decline, and an increase in work and traffic accidents. Images | Ron Lach In Xataka | Global warming has stepped on the accelerator at an unprecedented rate and we are getting closer to the point of no return

these are the ones I would use if I were looking for privacy, lots of storage, and more

How to decide on cloud storage? The logic can go to the most basic: the one that offers a better relationship between the number of GB and price. This is an obviously important factor (it should be more), but it is not the only thing I would look at when choosing a cloud service. The reason for this is that there are certain features that are better in some services than others, especially if we have a specific goal for the cloud. Next, I’m going to use five different scenarios with the services I would choose for each of them. In search of maximum privacy: Internxt If my priority were privacy, then I would stick with Internxt. It is a European service that offers zero-knowledge end-to-end encryption (or ‘Zero-Knowledge’). This means that files are encrypted before they are uploaded to the cloud and not when they arrive there, which makes it much more secure. In fact, not even Internxt itself can access them. In addition to this, it is open source, which implies that anyone can audit it. The cheapest plan, which has 1 TB of storage, VPN and antivirus, using the code ‘XATAKA’ is priced at 0.99 euros per month or 190 euros if we choose his plan for life. The price could vary. We earn commission from these links Maximum capacity, in Jottacloud As I said above, there are many users who are looking for cloud storage, their priority being to have the greatest number of gigabytes for the lowest possible price. This is where Jottacloud comes in, a Norwegian service that is not as well-known as other options on this list, but has a powerful asset: its storage is unlimited. We can have all the files stored we want, but it has a small “trap”: When we occupy 5 TB, the upload speed of our files will gradually reduce. It has a price of 12.90 euros per month. Jottacloud Unlimited Plan The price could vary. We earn commission from these links Google Drive has no rival in collaborative work Most of us use Google services in our daily lives and that is precisely why Google Drive is a very convenient option. Now, this storage is also included in Google Workspace, which is a site ideal for working in teams with documents, spreadsheets, presentations and more. Google Drive is free, although it only gives 15 GB of storagea very short number that fills up quickly between emails, images and videos. Workspace’s cheapest plan costs 6.80 euros and this figure has already increased to 30 GB. The price could vary. We earn commission from these links For businesses, Microsoft OneDrive But what about for a small business? There we have several interesting options, even the previous one could work. However, here I would opt for Microsoft’s OneDrive, a service that gives access to this company’s ecosystem where software such as Word, Excel or Teams. It is true that the cheapest plan only gives access to the mobile or web versions of these applications, but the other plans also have desktop versions. We can choose between several subscriptions, even selecting whether or not we want to have Teams included in the service. To give an example, with Teams included, the basic version is priced at 6.07 euros per month. If we want Copilot for enterprise and desktop software, then the price goes up to 20.36 euros. Microsoft 365 Business Basic The price could vary. We earn commission from these links I would stick with pCloud for the multimedia section Finally, if my priority in a cloud is to save only multimedia content (photos and videos), then I think pCloud would be the most interesting option. The main reason is that it has an audio and video player in both its desktop and mobile applications, which allows you to stream what you have stored without having to download it. As with Internxt, pCloud offers the possibility of choosing different payment methods. The most economical way in the long run is still the lifetime plan, which costs 199 euros and offers 500 GB storage. Premium 500 (Lifetime Plan) The price could vary. We earn commission from these links Some of the links in this article are affiliated and may provide a benefit to Xataka. In case of non-availability, offers may vary. Images | Internxt, Google, Jottacloud, Microsoft, pCloud In Xataka | If you lack local storage and are looking for the best cloud for your files, these are some of the best options In Xataka | Google Drive alternatives: the best cloud storage services for your files

This Lefant robot vacuum cleaner with the last name Pro has a discount

Cleaning our home is necessary, but we don’t always have the time to do it. Any device that can give us a cable to do this is always welcomed and, if it does it without us having to do anything, then all the better. Yes, we are referring to a robot vacuum cleaner and, although there is a lot to choose from, Today we are going to focus on the Lefant M5 Pro: a high-end model that is now available for only 499.99 euros. Lefant M5 Pro Robot Vacuum Cleaner and Floor Mop with Self-Emptying Base, 120 Days Self-Cleaning, 18000 Pa, 3.2L Self-Emptying, 75℃ Washing, dToF Laser Navigation, 5G WiFi/App/Alexa The price could vary. We earn commission from these links @xataka.seleccion This robot vacuum cleaner does EVERYTHING for you, you barely have to touch it in 4 months and now it costs €1000 less #lefant #technology #robot #offer #home ♬ original sound – Xataka Selección – Xataka Selección A robot vacuum cleaner that requires very little maintenance Before talking about its features, let’s stop for a moment to talk about its price. We are looking at a robot vacuum cleaner that has a RRP of 1,599.99 eurosso we have a real discount right now. These types of offers are temporary and last a very short time, so we cannot take too long to go for it. We can also find more offers on Lefant robots right now. This robot vacuum cleaner, the best the brand has to date, It has a suction power of 18,000 Pa. These are very high figures compared to cheaper robots and will help the robot vacuum up small dust particles or hair, even from carpets. For these, in fact, its roller is automatically raised by 8 millimeters. This roller (which is 20 centimeters) is also larger than most, allowing you to cover more space in one pass. The brush of this robot vacuum cleaner is V-shaped, which allows both dust and hair to concentrate towards the center of it. Furthermore, as it has a double comb, the robot is especially effective in homes with petssince this helps prevent tangles. One point in which this Lefant stands out a lot is that it has a somewhat atypical scrubbing system. Its roller rotates vigorously to loosen dirt and has 16 water nozzles that They rinse and clean at the same time. In this way, the dirty water is evacuated and the robot always works with a clean roller. Two more things to analyze. The robot comes with a self-emptying base that clean the roller with hot water at 75 degreesdries cold and automatically sucks up dust. The brand promises that the robot vacuum cleaner does not need any maintenance for at least 120 days. In fact, it has a system that empties dirty water and automatically refills the tank with clean water. And finally, its guidance system. The Lefant M5 Pro has a 360-degree LiDAR navigation and 3D visualizationso we can expect quite remarkable guidance from him, avoiding all types of obstacles. The technology it uses has a 190-degree ultra-wide angle that allows it to identify obstacles even of low height. All this, added to a compact design to fit through tight spots and an app to customize its operation, makes this Lefant M5 Pro a great robot vacuum cleaner (and more, at this price), especially with homes where there are pets, a lot of hair loss or large homes where there are large furniture and complex spaces. Some of the links in this article are affiliated and may provide a benefit to Xataka. In case of non-availability, offers may vary. Images | Lefant In Xataka | Best robot vacuum cleaners in quality price. Which one to buy based on use and six recommended models In Xataka | Best upright vacuum cleaners. Which one to buy based on use and six recommended models

he put them himself on the teleprompter

Than in Polymarket and Kalshi only big brokers and insiders win It’s something we already knew. If anyone had any doubts, what happened with the White House teleprompter operator will surely dispel them all. what has happened. As they say in the New York Timeseverything came to light in March when Kalshi detected unusual activity on the account of one of its users. It was not just any person, but it was Gabriel Pérez, a worker who was in charge of operating the teleprompter that Donald Trump used in his speeches from the White House. Pérez, who won $100,000, had been betting precisely on the words that the president would say and that he himself had put on his teleprompter. Consequences. The first was that Kalshi froze the funds in the account and brought the case to the attention of the CFTC, the agency in charge of regulating the so-called “prediction markets.” According to the head of Kalshi’s regulatory compliance department, “We have filed charges against this person and have been cooperating with regulators on this matter, providing the evidence we have collected, as we do in any case.” The second consequence is that Pérez has lost his job. The White House press secretary confirmed it in a press conference “This person will no longer be here. It was a decision by the president.” In addition, he added that Trump called it a “disgrace” and that they do not believe there are more employees doing something similar. Privileged information. Since it is a regulated platform, Kalshi explicitly prohibits insider trading, but that hasn’t stopped more cases of insider trading from arising. insiders of the government and even the army. It happened with the capture of Maduro at the beginning of the year and later it has been known that up to three political candidates were betting on their own investiture. A few months ago, the White House itself sent a warning to its employees about this issue, but it has not stopped this operator either. Where almost everyone loses. According to a massive analysis published by the Wall Street Journal In May of this year, 67% of all Polymarket profits are distributed among 0.1% of its users. At Kalshi they do not share data on the benefits of their users, but according to the company’s own data, there are 2.9 users who lose for every one who wins. And who are the ones who win? Mostly traders professionals and companies that have access to enormous data sets and very expensive. They use this information to train algorithms that can perform thousands of operations a day that would be impossible for a user to handle. Image | Wikipedia, Unsplash In Xataka | Goodbye to Polymarket and Kalshi in Spain: the Government blocks “predictive markets” for not having a gaming license

The DGT has found the perfect example of why road works kill on the road

Rush is never good, and even less so when it can have fatal consequences. Despite this, every day we see examples on the road similar to the one we bring today, where in a video We see a driver who was traveling at 168 km/h in a section with a limit reduced to 40 km/h due to works. The case, detected by a Pegasus helicopter of the Civil Guard, has been the most serious of a special surveillance campaign that has left more than 15,000 complaints in a single week. What has happened? Just like they count From El Mundo, the General Directorate of Traffic deployed between June 22 and 28 an operation dedicated to the road sections affected by maintenance, conservation works or changes to the layout. During those seven days, the agents of the Traffic Group of the Civil Guard controlled 233,506 vehicles, of which 15,460 ended up being reported for breaking some rule in areas with works. Click on the image to go to the video The fact that attracts the most attention. The most extreme case involved a vehicle captured by a Pegasus helicopter traveling at 168 km/h at a point where the general speed was 90 km/h, but due to the presence of works it had a temporary limit of 40 km/h. That is, the driver was going more than four times faster than what was allowed on that specific stretch. Danger behind the wheel. In these sections of works there may be workers working very close to the road, machinery entering and exiting, narrower lanes and temporary signage. Reducing the speed there serves precisely to have more room to react to any unforeseen event. It makes all the sense in the world, but still, it is quite common to see some drivers ignoring the signs. The underlying problem. This example was the star violation of the entire campaign. According to data from the DGT collected According to El Mundo, around 90% of the complaints made during these seven days were related to not respecting the specific limits of the areas under construction. This connects with the accident figures that the organization manages. And provisionally, the DGT counted 154 accidents in maintenance and conservation sections during 2025, of which 26 affected operators who were outside their vehicles, on the road or its surroundings. The majority of these accidents are accidents caused by drivers not involved in the work itself, and speed appears as the factor that most influences them. It wasn’t all speed. The campaign also brought to light other types of risky behavior. 204 drivers were reported for not respecting the signs on sections under construction, 135 for using their cell phones while driving and 68 more for other types of distractions, such as wearing headphones. Added to this are 71 complaints for improper overtaking, 17 for incorrect lane changes, 13 for negligent driving and another 13 for reckless driving, according to collect the middle. There was also no shortage of infractions related to basic safety elements, as there were 135 sanctions for not wearing a seat belt, 5 for not wearing a helmet and another 5 for not using child seats. The list is completed with 58 positive alcohol tests and 39 positive drug tests. What is the DGT doing to avoid it. Beyond specific control campaigns, Traffic is also beginning to rely on new technology to reinforce safety on these stretches. For example, recently the first models of connected conesdevices capable of warning in real time of the presence of works so that the driver can anticipate and adapt their speed before reaching the conflict point. The idea is that this type of devices (cones, V-16 beaconsinformation on screen on the roads) can offer centralized information through DGT 3.0a connected platform accessible by the organization itself, connected cars, manufacturers, navigators, assistance services and more. The objective is for this information to help prevent accidents or warn of sections under construction, traffic jams, vehicles on the road and so on. Cover image | Jorge Franganillo In Xataka | The AP-7 has not had tolls for four years. Now the Government is studying whether to recover them or spend 500 million to expand it

In the midst of controversy over the Nietos Law, the Argentine songs at the gates of the final

That a soccer team qualifies to play the final of a World Cup is cause for celebration. Of wild joy, even. Spain and Argentina know it well, the two countries that will compete this Sunday the fifa cup at MetLife Stadium. On both sides of the Atlantic there are debates about the quality of one or another squad and what the party will be like is planned depending on whether the star of 2026 ends up in the La Roja or La Roja shirt. albiceleste. However, ironies of the king of sport, that goodrollism It has been marred by a succession of songs launched at the least appropriate place and time. What has happened? If you live in Madrid or Malaga perhaps you have seen it in person; If not, it is likely that has reached you through Choirs, jumps, flags. The expected. So far nothing controversial. The problem is what could be heard during those celebrations. With the 1-2 score against England still fresh, some Argentines chanted songs like “Spain is afraid” or “Spanish is the one who doesn’t bounce!” It did not happen in all cities, but the fact that proclamations like this were sung in such emblematic places as the Plaza Mayor in Madrid or Larios Street in Malaga did not go unnoticed on the networks… Nor did it go unnoticed by newspapers such as OK Diary either Digital Freedomwho dedicated chronicles to him. “They have little shame,” the latter concluded in one piece halfway between the news and the editorial. @k.farias8 The Argentines sing “He who does not jump is Spanish” in the heart of Malaga 🇪🇸 The world final is coming. #worldcup #Argentina #Spain #world ♬ original sound – kf8 “So that?” Proof of how far the matter has escalated is that Wednesday’s chants have not only generated reactions from Spanish fans or media. It has also been done by some Argentines who do not feel comfortable with the reaction of their compatriots and have wanted to distance themselves. The clearest example is that of Eduardo Patituccian Argentine sports journalist who has uploaded a video calling for harmony and responsibility. “He who does not jump is Spanish. For what? The Spanish is the one who gives you work, the one who opened the doors for you…”, warns Patitucci, for whom “it is one thing to sing against England or other countries” and another against the one “that feeds you.” What did he say? “It is the country to which you came to seek to evolve, because I do not believe that any Argentine has been forced to leave Argentina. We only come here to earn a living, to have a better future, to seek to grow… It seems to me that ‘The Spaniard is afraid’ yes, that’s it for the picaresque; but the thing about ‘He who does not leave is Spanish’ or directly saying shit in the Plaza Mayor and other parts of Spain does not seem correct to me at all,” the journalist continues Argentinean. “Then we complain about other nationalities when they go out and commit atrocities. Let’s not be like the rest. To the Spanish, respect and affection.” @nachopla12 The World Cup final in Madrid is starting to heat up: 🇪🇸 Spain – Argentina 🇦🇷 ♬ original sound – Nacho Pla Is it just the chants? No. It’s also the context. Perhaps at another time the controversy would have been less, but the reality is that now it has arisen against a very specific backdrop: with the foreign population in historical levels and immigration policy converted into a topic of ideological dispute. First for the “national priority”a concept that VOX has championed when it has had to sit down to negotiate with the PP; second, with the “Grandchildren Law” and the crossing of accusations that has unleashed between PP and PSOE. Does that matter? It is certainly a factor to take into account. Especially because this last topic has greatly marked the political chronicle of recent weeks and its main protagonist is Latin American migration. Let us remember: the “Grandchildren Law”, which is actually an additional provision of the Democratic Memory Law of 2022, is a way that allows Spanish nationality to be recognized for the descendants of those people who had to leave our country during the Civil War or the Franco dictatorship for political, ideological, religious or sexual orientation reasons. For the Government it is a matter of “reparation and justice” historical. For the PP it is pure “electoral engineering” in the run-up to the general elections. What does it have to do with Argentina? A lot. Argentina is one of the countries that has shown the most interest in the door opened by the “Grandchildren Law.” Although its administrative process has not yet been completed, it is estimated that almost a million of Argentines has requested nationality under this regulatory framework. Not bad if we take into account that Foreign Affairs estimates that they have started the procedures 2.4 million of descendants of Spaniards throughout the world. That data, added to that of the tens of thousands of immigrants of Argentine nationality who already reside in Spain, according to the INE, adds more controversy to Wednesday’s songs. The unknown now is what will happen on Sunday depending on whether the coveted FIFA Cup is won by Spain or Argentina. Images | TikTok In Xataka | It is possible that today you will hear your neighbor sing Spain’s goal before you: the delay of streaming compared to DTT

Spain is going to have three heat waves in six weeks. AEMET is clear: it is no longer a wave, it is the climate

Spain has just signed its start to the warmest summer in the historical series. There it is nothing. Between June 1 and July 15, the average temperature was 3.3 ºC above normal. In these six weeks, we have suffered two official heat waves, an extreme episode that did not become extreme and, according to AEMETwe are already on the rise of the next wave this Sunday. So much so that the heat begins to be the least of it. The central question of 2026 is simple: if we cross the heat threshold three times in five weeks, isn’t something broken in that threshold? In Xataka "It’s brutal": Meteorologists have taken a look at the heat forecasts for next week and they are not optimistic The third wave does not exist yet. I don’t want to mislead anyone. AEMET has issued an information note (it is not yet a special notice) and this is because, although we know that there will be a generalized thermal rise, the criteria remain extremely strict. Spokesman Rubén del Campo talked about temperatures “extraordinarily high” and maximum temperatures of up to 44 ºC in the southern half. But the duration, extent and strength is yet to be defined. What is clear is that, if it were not, it would be just barely. That’s why what happens next week doesn’t change the general picture. Not only would it be three or four extreme heat episodes in six weeks, but some climatologists such as Jorge Olcina They also add the “Saharan advection at the end of May” and speak of four episodes in eight weeks. With old reference periods, we would probably be in those terms. But how explained José Ángel Núñez and Rubén del Campo On the agency’s official blog, the definition is not touched, precisely, to see things like what we are seeing. That is, what the threshold is doing is clearly showing that everything is changing. According to the agency’s own studybetween 2001 and 2025 Spain registered 91 heat waves compared to 43 in the period 1976-2000, and the days under the wave went from 210 to 510. This summer does not fit the threshold, it is true. But it fits perfectly with the trend. In Xataka Today the heatwave begins and the meteorologists are clear: "They paint coarse for the Mediterranean regions of Spain" And that’s the problem. The ISCIII MoMo system, the statistical model that indicates excess mortality, attributed 3,649 deaths to the heat last summer, the second worst figure of the decade. The problem here, as we pointed out a few days ago, is that in 2026 we will already we have spent half of that excess before the dog days begin (the worst part of summer). Meteorology has shown us that, at any moment, the situation can change suddenly. What remains is to wait, but the feeling that the world is changing faster than our adaptations to it has stopped being a fear and has begun to become something very real. Image | Meteociel In Xataka |Neither London nor the United Kingdom: the NASA map that reveals where the grayest sky in Europe is (function() { window._JS_MODULES = window._JS_MODULES || {}; var headElement = document.getElementsByTagName(‘head’)(0); if (_JS_MODULES.instagram) { var instagramScript = document.createElement(‘script’); instagramScript.src=”https://platform.instagram.com/en_US/embeds.js”; instagramScript.async = true; instagramScript.defer = true; headElement.appendChild(instagramScript); – The news Spain is going to have three heat waves in six weeks. AEMET is clear: it is no longer a wave, it is the climate was originally published in Xataka by Javier Jimenez .

Today at Lidl (and half price) the Coca-Cola popcorn machine that is ideal for movie nights at home

If there is something that many of us have wanted to have at home since we were little, it is a popcorn making machine. Today at Lidl we have one available with a Coca-Cola design that is amazing and that you can use every time you want to watch a movie, a series or simply have a visitor at home. The best thing is that it is reduced to 74.99 euros (its price is 169.90 euros). Coca-Cola popcorn machine The price could vary. We earn commission from these links If you can’t get it or you just want an alternative, you have this other popcorn machine from Amazon available for 84.80 euros. It has a similar design (although without the Coca-Cola logo), a warm light to keep the popcorn warm, and the container is easy to remove. Elite Gourmet EPM-250# Classic Carnival 74ml Tabletop Popcorn Machine, Retro Style, Movie Theater Hot Buttery Popcorn, Red The price could vary. We earn commission from these links A Coca-Cola popcorn machine at home This popcorn machine, as we have already said above, has a 55% discountso we are facing a very good purchasing moment. It is true that there are many ways to prepare popcorn at home, even in the microwave. if we do not want to use the bags that we can find in supermarkets. However, one of these machines, in addition to being very cool, has several advantages that make it worth it. The boiler where the popcorn is made is made of stainless steel and has a non-stick coating, which will prevent the popcorn from sticking. Besides, has an integrated stirring systemsomething that mostly prevents them from burning and coming out charred, something that makes them have an unpleasant flavor. Along with all this, it should be noted that it has an integrated lighting system, several accessories such as a measuring spoon and a crank to turn the boiler without burning ourselves. Its capacity is 10 cups of popcorn per serving.so we’re going to be able to make a good amount of these each time. ⚡ IN BRIEF: Coca-Cola popcorn machine offer ✅ THE BEST Costs less than half: Lidl right now has it with a 55% discount, so it’s a very good time to get it. A very cool design: These popcorn machines have a retro design that looks great in any kitchen, but the Coca-Cola logo gives it a special touch. Integrated stirring system: Shaking the popcorn makes it come out better, with a more uniform integration of the seasoning we use and with less probability of burning. ❌ THE WORST It is not a small machine: It measures approximately 49 centimeters high, so it is necessary to have space in the kitchen for it. 💡 BUY IT IF… You are looking for a popcorn machine for your home and you want to get one with a very striking design with the Coca-Cola logo. ⛔ DON’T BUY IT IF… You prefer a more compact machine because you have little counter space. You may also be interested Gadgy Retro Popcorn Maker 5 L 800W Non-Stick Red The price could vary. We earn commission from these links Cecotec Fun&Taste P’Corn Lotus Popcorn Making Machine. 1200 W Popcorn Maker, Popcorn Ready in 2 Minutes, includes 4 removable containers with a total capacity of 4.5 L The price could vary. We earn commission from these links Some of the links in this article are affiliated and may provide a benefit to Xataka. In case of non-availability, offers may vary. Images | Lidl In Xataka | Ninja Crispi Pro vs. Ninja Crispi: the duel for the new glass air fryers is decided on size and power In Xataka | American refrigerator or 70 cm Combi? Be careful with making mistakes when buying liters that you may not be able to use

The Medici have been carrying an apparently unsolvable mystery since the 16th century. Science finally has an answer

The uncle of a famous superhero said that ‘with great power comes great responsibility’. If what we are talking about is the Medici, the saga of bankers, prelates, patrons and rulers who dominated Tuscany between the 15th and 18th centuries, great power entailed something else… enormous risk. One filled with rivalries and plots that could come from both external enemies and the family itself. Hence the chroniclers carry four centuries wondering why some of its main figures died suddenly at the end of the 16th century. Disease? Bad luck? Murder by poisoning? Science already has an answer. Worthy of Agatha Christie. The British queen of suspense left us exciting novels, but few match the Medici family chronicle in mysteries and script twists. It takes reviewing some of the events that shook the Florentine saga in the second half of the 16th century to prove it. In 1562 the cardinal Giovanni de Medici He died at the age of 19 after a trip along the coast accompanied by his mother, Eleonora and his little brother Garzia, who also died around the same time. Only 25 years later the drama hit the family again through his brother, the Grand Duke Francesco I. He died in 1587, aged 46. Just a few hours later his wife did it Bianca. Quite a coincidence, right? That is what they thought the contemporaries of Francesco and Bianca, who in a matter of 24 hours watched the two members of one of the most powerful couples in the region go to their graves. In theory the cause of death was malaria, but… Wasn’t it a coincidence that husband and wife died just a few hours apart? Wasn’t it suspicious that exactly the same thing had happened to them as had happened to Giovanni 25 years earlier? Rumors of murder arose and eyes soon turned to Ferdinandanother Medici. The Tuscans of the time cannot be blamed for their suspicion. Ferdinando was next in the line of succession and risked being overtaken on the right by his nephew, the illegitimate son of Francesco I. As if that were not enough to spark rumors, they say that he had visited the Grand Duke and his wife shortly before the couple fell ill. How long does a suspicion last? Well, more than four centuries, which is how long historians have been turning around Francesco’s story. Why did he die in such a sudden and premature manner? Was it malaria? Arsenic poisoning perhaps? Did Ferdinando plot against them? Science tried to solve the mystery a long time ago, but it has only added fuel to the fire. At the time, the analysis of exhumed bone remains confirmed the malaria theory; but other studies, including one from 2006 carried out by professors and forensic experts from Italy and based on toxicological examinations, pointed to poisoning. An impossible labyrinth. The testimonies of the time do not help either. We know that Francesco and Bianca showed symptoms compatible with malaria and that the Medici family doctors tried to cure them with bloodletting, a method with which they surely (now we understand) only made things worse. The problem is that supporters of the poisoning theory also have their own arguments. Donatella Lippi, one of the authors of the 2006 study, remember that although it is confirmed that the couple contracted malaria, it does not mean that that was the cause of death. It even slips that in the Vatican Library there are testimonies that speak of skin rashes and other symptoms that could well be related to arsenic poisoning. And the genetic analysis arrived. This is how things were until a few weeks ago, when a group of researchers from the University of Pisa and Yale published a new study in iScience in which they collect their conclusions after subjecting bone remains of two members of the Medici family to DNA analysis: Giovanni, who died in 1562, and Francesco, who followed him to the tomb 25 years later. To be more precise, the researchers extracted genetic material from four rib samples, three from the duke and one from the cardinal. His remains and those of other Medici rest in mausoleums located in the Basilica of San LorenzoFlorence. Go one step further. In the past, researchers had already tried to clear up the mystery with paleo-immunological analyzes that, although they yielded some interesting conclusions, did not serve to silence “the rumors.” as you recognize Valentina Ciuffra, professor of History of Medicine at the University of Pisa and one of the authors of the study published in iScience. It was necessary to go one step further. And that is precisely what the Pisa and Yale team intended by using advanced methods to study ancient DNAgenetic material extracted from samples that are centuries and centuries old. What have they found out? That both Giovanni and his brother Francesco suffered from malaria. We know this because researchers located traces of Pasmodiumthe parasitic protozoa that cause the disease. One of the two Medici brothers even suffered it in a particularly bloody way: both the bones of the cardinal and the Grand Duke preserved traces of Pasmodium faciparumthe most lethal species among humans; but in the case of the latter (Francesco) greater molecular traces of P. malarie. What does that mean? That the Grand Duke who died in October 1587 showed traces of two species of malaria. It is not something exceptional. Experts have already detected samples in Belgium that suggest the coexistence of several species of malaria, although they insist that further research is necessary before stating with complete certainty that both species circulated in 16th century Italy. “With scientific certainty”. For the authors of the new DNA study, their work is conclusive and settles a 400-year-old mystery: “This genetic analysis confirms historical accounts, as well as previous research. We can now affirm with scientific certainty that malaria, and not poisoning, was the cause of the death of Grand Duke Francesco de’ Medici,” stands out Valentina Giuffra. In case there … Read more

The College of Engineers fears that it will remain like this forever

The AVE to Extremadura is causing quite a few headaches, especially in the bottleneck represented by the part that connects with Castilla-La Mancha. And the provisional branch designed to advance the arrival of high speed to Extremadura without waiting for it to be resolved his complicated passage through Toledohas hit a new obstacle. According to share From ABC, the College of Civil Engineers, Canals and Ports of Castilla-La Mancha demands written guarantees from the Ministry of Transport that this provisional branch will not end up replacing the definitive route. what has happened. The Ministry provisionally approved the informative study of the Pantoja-Bargas branch on May 19 and submitted it to public information through an announcement in the BOE five days later. Now, within this process of allegations, the College of Engineers of Castilla-La Mancha has requested that in the final resolution it be declared in writing that this work has a “strictly transitory” character, according to collect the group itself in a statement cited by ABC. What exactly is it about?. The branch is a connection of just over 18 kilometers between the Madrid-Seville high-speed line and the conventional Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara line. In practice, it would allow trains bound for Extremadura to leave Atocha, take advantage of the high-speed tracks to the Pantoja area and from there connect, via Bargas, with the route to Talavera de la Reina and Extremadura. This is what the Ministry proposes as a shortcut to speed up travel times without having to wait for the final design of the passage through Toledo to be finalized. Why is it important. The passage of high speed through Toledo has been blocked for years. Since the first study of the Madrid-Oropesa line was submitted to public information in 2020, the different allegations presented have forced the routes through Toledo and Torrijos to be revised several times, and in 2024 the City Council, the Provincial Council and the Junta de Castilla-La Mancha proposed alternatives that the Ministry considered important enough to commission a completely new study, according to explained The Extremadura Newspaper. Given the uncertainty of how long this process could take, the Government decided to take the fast track and design a provisional branch. A temporary patch. The College does not oppose the railway improvement to Extremadura, which it considers “strategic” for territorial cohesion, but warns of the risk that a work intended as a temporary patch ends up, in practice, becoming the permanent solution. Its main argument is based on the deadlines, since after 32 months of work it would still be necessary to add the environmental processing, the drafting and approval of projects, the bidding and the tests prior to start-up. Times that, according to the groupthey could dilate enough that the branch ends up settling by default. Money. The provisional branch has a tender budget of 333.9 million euros, a figure that represents 60.8% of what the Toledo Central alternative would cost (549.2 million) and 48.1% of the Toledo Exterior alternative (694 million), according to share from the middle. If the two infrastructures are finally built (first the branch and then a definitive solution through Toledo), the joint investment would be between 883 and 1,028 million euros, without counting price reviews, maintenance, operation or a possible partial dismantling of the branch once it becomes obsolete. What engineers ask for. Beyond the complaint, the College poses that: The Ministry compares all possible scenarios, including the option of directly accelerating the final solution and launching it in phases. That the risk that the provisional work ends up being consolidated be incorporated into the analysis. That it be better detailed how the service will operate during the transitional stage, with frequencies, stations, travel times and compatibility with the trains that currently circulate between Madrid and Toledo. That both the branch line and the future route leave open a connection between the Extremadura and Andalusia lines, which would allow travel between both communities without passing through Madrid. And now what. Despite the allegations, the project continues with its environmental and administrative procedures. What they do add is political pressure on the Ministry at a time when Europe’s objective is to complete the Madrid-Lisbon journey in about five hours in 2030, and in 2034 the aim is to lower the three hours between Madrid and Badajoz. To unblock the disagreement, the College has offered to participate in a technical table together with the Ministry, the Junta de Castilla-La Mancha, the City Council and the Provincial Council of Toledo, and Adif, with the idea that the provisional branch serves to pressure the final agreement, and not to postpone it indefinitely. Cover image | Renfe In Xataka | Salvador Galve, railway expert: “When I go from Zaragoza to Barcelona, ​​I go by car”

Log In

Forgot password?

Forgot password?

Enter your account data and we will send you a link to reset your password.

Your password reset link appears to be invalid or expired.

Log in

Privacy Policy

Add to Collection

No Collections

Here you'll find all collections you've created before.