grow them in your garden until they grow on their own

At the beginning of the 20th century, a Wisconsin banker grew tired of people praising the furniture he made from wood. His response was such a promise. absurd as ambitious: I would one day grow a chair stronger than any made by human hands. It took eleven years to achieve it. Now a couple from the United Kingdom has taken over. An idea born in front of a bonsai. When Gavin Munro He was a child who spent long periods in hospitals due to scoliosis and Klippel-Feil syndrome, he found refuge observing the trees from the window. Among them were several bonsai trees from his parents and one especially caught his attention because its silhouette reminded him of a throne. It was in a wonderful report Washington Post that seemingly trivial image remained etched in his memory for decades. What began as a childhood fantasy turned into a creative obsession: if it was possible to shape a tree to look like a chair, why not try to grow it directly into a chair? Rethink what it means to manufacture from the roots. Years later, while studying furniture design, that old idea came back stronger. The trigger was an academic exercise in which he analyzed the life cycle of a simple soda can and became aware of the enormous amount of resources, energy and industrial processes necessary to manufacture everyday objects. That reflection led him to question also traditional furniture production. He found it paradoxical to wait decades for a tree to grow and then cut it down, fragment it and reassemble it in the shape of a chair. He then began to wonder if it would be possible to eliminate much of that process by letting nature do much of the work. The birth of the Chair Orchard. In 2006, together with Alice Munro, a horticultural specialist and later his wife, he began an adventure that seemed as extravagant as it was impractical. The two set up an experimental field in Derbyshire which they named as Chair Orchardthe garden of chairs. The first few years were full of mistakes, location changes, sunlight problems and even cows that destroyed young trees. However, far from giving up, they continued to perfect a method that combined design, gardening and centuries-old agricultural techniques to guide the growth of trees into predetermined shapes. How to grow a living chair. The process appears to be extraordinarily slow. It all starts with a young tree that spends several years developing its roots. The trunk is then cut to stimulate new shoots that are carefully guided around structures designed to form the silhouette of an inverted chair. The Munros prune branches, graft shoots together and make small interventions that guide growth. As the years go by, the different parts of the tree they end up merging naturally until creating a single solid structure. When the piece is ready, it is cut, dried for about a year and polished to obtain the final result. 20 years of work for a few pieces. The slowness of the process explains why, after almost two decades of experimentation, the results are still limited. Many promising pieces grew unexpectedly just before being harvested. Some species responded better than others and numerous designs had to be discarded. Even so, the couple managed to produce functional prototypesas well as tables, benches, lamps and other experimental structures. Each piece represents years of patience and observation, something radically opposed to the rhythms of contemporary industrial production. When nature stops being raw material. Over time, the Munros discovered that success depended less on controlling the tree and more to collaborate with him. Instead of forcing impossible shapes, they learned to respect their natural growth patterns and adapt their designs to the responses of each species. The small wrinkles and marks that appear on some pieces are not considered defects, but rather the visible testimony of that collaboration between designer and tree. His philosophy, they countconsists of intervening as little as possible to obtain durable objects without breaking the biological logic of the plant. Chairs that are worth as works of art. Although many of the pieces can technically be used as furniture, they are currently sold primarily as artistic works. Some have been exhibited in museums and galleries from Europe, Asia and the United States, and one of them is part of the collection of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Prices start about $87,000 and several have already found buyers among collectors and institutions. Paradoxically, the creators themselves do not have any at home because they fear that their dog will destroy it. A vision that is still beginning. The most striking thing is that Gavin Munro does not consider that he has achieved his goal. After twenty years, he believes he is only at the beginning of the journey. Their ambition is not only to sell exclusive pieces, but in teaching the technique to other people through future Full Grown Academy and extend the concept of furniture gardens. The idea that was born when a child observed a bonsai from a hospital room has ended up generating trees shaped like chairs valued at tens of thousands of dollars. But for its creators, the real project is not the current chairs, but rather demonstrating that perhaps one day communities will be able to grow some of their own objects instead of manufacturing them. Image | Full Grown In Xataka | IKEA has had to close seven large stores in China. It is the symptom of a much more important trend In Xataka | The Danish ‘cheap IKEA’ is growing in Spain for a simple reason: it follows the opposite recipe to IKEA

Pediatricians agree on new food fads for children: “It can cause nutritional deficiencies”

There are many diets that we find on social networks in recent years that advocate be really restrictive with certain foods and nutrients that demonize. The problem is that these restrictive diets designed for adults with the aim of making them look healthier are causing nutritional deficiencies in children, as pediatricians themselves already point out. The alert. The Spanish Association of Primary Care Pediatrics (AEPap) has been clear in its latest report pointing out that ‘nutritional fads’ have made a strong impact on children’s nutrition and can cause “nutritional deficiencies.” And the culprit is the adoption of restrictive diets such as prolonged fasting or the exclusion of gluten without receiving advice from specialists. But these diets are not limited to adults who want to lose weight or improve their health, but are generally applied to all members of the household. And this is explained by Dr. Marta Castell, pediatrician at the Campanar Health Center in Valencia, who point to the following: More and more families come to consultation with a proactive interest in the healthiest eating pattern, but also with great confusion between scientific evidence and fads such as 2-exclusion diets or ‘superfoods’ without clinical evidence. The enormous amount of information they receive becomes massive and often contradictory. The problem of extrapolating it. Restricting food groups without clinical justification has a very high physiological cost during the growth stages that the little ones in the house are experiencing. This is why pediatricians warn that the withdrawal of essential nutrients without a prior diagnosis of intolerance such as lactose or celiac disease is dangerous. And this practice can interrupt the caloric intake and essential micronutrients for the child’s body and especially for correct physical and brain development. The recommendations. Here the medical institutions they point because one should avoid diagnosing alleged eating pathologies at home, and apply a restriction without the advice of a specialist doctor. But in addition, one should avoid applying nutritional advice aimed at adults to minors that is disseminated by content creators without scientific endorsement on social networks. One of the clearest pieces of advice that the Vithas Medimar Hospital points to in its web is that “the best prevention against obesity and malnutrition is to recover a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, legumes, fish, nuts and seeds, and free of ultra-processed foods.” Veganism. The scientific debate does not criminalize dietary choices such as veganism, but requires absolute rigor in its pediatric approach. Something important to highlight is that a child can be perfectly healthy following a diet without animal consumption, but this “does not consist only of raw fruits and vegetables,” explains pediatrician and neonatologist Miriam Martínez Biarge, who describes poorly planned diets as “reckless.” From the clinical point of view, the Spanish Society of Out-of-hospital Pediatrics and Primary Care warns that in the vegan population there is a high risk of vitamin B12 deficiency. This deficit can have “serious neurological consequences,” being a particularly critical risk in infants breastfed by mothers who do not take supplementation. For this reason, clinical guidelines recommend the possible supplementation of vitamin B12 in the event that foods fortified with it are not consumed. Images | Helena Lopes In Xataka | Being vegan makes you biologically younger, but not for the reason you think: the hidden key to calorie restriction

For once, NASA has not delayed a launch but has done the opposite: from 2027 to 2026

NASA already has a date for launch of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. Although this had initially been dated for May 2027, it will finally leave for its workplace this summer, on August 30, 2026. This is something quite unusual. Space agencies usually set very optimistic dates for their launches, so they must then postpone them. On this occasion, the opposite has happened: it has gone ahead. First there was talk of September 2026 and finally it has moved forward a little more, to this final date. Even so, it is something that, in reality, was seen coming, since NASA has worked at all times optimizing its resources and accelerating processes to be able to go into space as soon as possible. A long-awaited date with space. On August 30, the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will depart towards the Lagrange point 2 powered by a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket. Its position will not be very far from that of James Webb, which is in the same neighborhood. It’s a good spot because the Sun, Moon, and Earth are right behind it, so the telescope’s instruments stay cool and stable. Thus, he will be able to carry out much better a mission whose planned duration will be 5 years, extendable to another five if all goes well and it is considered necessary. A complement to Hubble and James Webb. The James Webb and Hubble space telescopes are characterized by observing small areas of the sky with great sensitivity. The first works in infrared and the second in visible light and ultraviolet, but in general they do have that point in common. Instead, Roman will simultaneously analyze much larger areas of the sky, thanks to a field of view 100 times larger than Hubble’s. It is not as precise, due to a shallower depth of field, but it can make much larger sweeps of space. If you find something that needs to be analyzed in detail, it would be necessary for one of the other two telescopes to come into action. It’s about teamwork. On the other hand, the Roman is capable of processing the data it collects at high speed. It is calculated that Hubble would take 2,000 years to process what Roman will process in just one. Exoplanets and dark matter. Thanks to its ability to scan large regions of sky, Roman is expected to detect 100,000 exoplanets and 1 billion galaxies. By being able to observe many exoplanets at once, it is easier to make questions such as the proportion of Earth-like planets What lies beyond our solar system. In addition, thanks to that same ability, you will also be able to analyze at a glance the space equivalent to many years of cosmic history, so you could understand much better.the expansion of the Universe and, with it, the possible role of dark matter and dark energy. The telescope was named in honor of astronomer Nancy Grace Roman. Work against the clock. From the first moment, NASA has sought to launch the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope as soon as possible. It is urgent to have a telescope in the sky that can lend a hand to Hubble and James Webb and, incidentally, can analyze the information much faster than them. Therefore, many pieces were manufactured and tested simultaneouslyin order to save time. Modular assembly techniques were also carried out, which allowed deadlines to be adjusted even further. On the other hand, public-private collaboration has been used, in order to waste less time searching for government financing. Still, it took 10 years and millions of hours of work to get the telescope ready for launch. It has passed all the relevant tests, nothing has been accelerated in a dangerous way. Simply, this time the predictions were more conservative than optimistic, so the final result has been much more positive. We will have to wait for the big day. Be that as it may, just because the date has been brought forward does not mean that the launch will happen on August 30th. Many launches end up being aborted for various reasons, either before they get underway or during the countdown. Let’s hope that’s not the case with this dark matter detective, but we’ll still have to wait to see what happens. Information bonus. Although it is mainly known as Roman, let’s not forget that the telescope’s full name is Nancy Grace Roman, in honor of the astronomer considered the “mother of Hubble”for the role he played both in its development and in getting the project approved by the United States Congress. Image | POT In Xataka | We have been studying the planets of TRAPPIST-1 for years with great hope. James Webb just knocked it down

leave all of Europe without GPS

Three researchers have discovered that Russian satellites were the cause of multi-second interference in GPS coverage in Europe. The discovery sparks suspicions about whether this is a Russian test to prepare for electronic warfare… or if it is using such experiments as a hidden communication channel. What is happening to GPS? Professor Todd Humphreys and his student Zach Clements, from the University of Texas at Austin, and Argyris Kriezis from Stanford University published a few days ago a preliminary version of a disturbing study. They collected and analyzed data from public navigation receiving stations (GNSS) and then isolated high-power pulses of less than 10 seconds that affected receivers at various points around the globe at the same time. After triangulating the signals, they now have the culprit: the Russian military early warning constellation, called Edinaya Kosmicheskaya System (EKS). Triangulating what is a gerund. The trace of these mysterious electromagnetic phenomena was initially detected in records collected by several ground stations between January 2019 and April 2026. There, at least 75 days were detected in which interference occurred in the L1 band of GPS. When analyzing the problem, they calculated that the jammer was operating at a minimum altitude of 1,200 km. After adding raw data from February 11, 2026 collected in Trondheim (Norway) and Amsterdam (Netherlands), they managed to reach the likely culprit with a minimal margin of error. Hello, Kosmos 2546. With this data, the researchers “crossed” the orbits that corresponded to all the previous results and everything ended up pointing to a single suspect: the Russian military satellite. Cosmos 256. This satellite is part of the EKS network, a constellation of six satellites theoretically designed to detect the launch of intercontinental missiles. The network operates in Molniya-type elliptical orbitswhich keeps them at high altitudes for long periods of time over the northern hemisphere, and ensuring that at least one of them is visible above the horizon of all the European stations affected during the interference. The frequency dilemma. There is a detail that makes researchers doubt. The detected pulse is not right in the center of the main GPS frequency, but occurs with a slight offset. Humphreys maintains that Moscow can be running calibration tests to check the coverage of its electronic warfare systems from space without causing a major diplomatic incident. If their hypothesis is true, the Russian satellite network operators would simply have to adjust their transmitters to launch an attack that would neutralize GPS navigation across the entire European continent. Accident, nothing. Russia may have claimed that this is simply an accident, but researchers discovered that the EKS satellites not only emitted this pulse to “attack” the US GPS system, but also launched a parallel burst of interference in a frequency band that is precisely used in the Chinese positioning system, BeiDou. Theoretically, we are therefore faced with clear evidence of the generation of interference to “knock down” the positioning systems of rival powers. Another possibility. Richard Bowden, head of the positioning division at GMV, explains that there may be another alternative: that these short and powerful pulses are actually communication messages for military purposes and that they could be sent to Russian bases or submarines. By using frequencies close to those used by civilian receivers, Russia would be able to guarantee that these signals penetrate the atmosphere and are received without problems on already existing antennas… although the side effect is to cause small drops in the GPS of vehicles traveling through Europe. In Xataka | The largest and most expensive landfill on Earth is located 400 kilometers from the atmosphere, orbiting without interruption

FIFA has turned the 2026 World Cup into the most expensive cultural event in history because it has become a new Ticketmaster

For almost a century, FIFA has not cared about selling cheap tickets: the money in football was in television. But as has happened with the musiccinema and other cultural events, spectacularization is the order of the day, and for the 2026 World Cup the business model is closer to Ticketmaster. Direct consequence: two US attorneys general have already asked him for explanations through judicial means. Pocho record. The World Cup in the United States, Mexico and Canada starts this Thursday, becoming the most expensive cultural event in history. The cheapest ticket to the group stage cost an average of $200 and the most affordable ticket to the final started at $2,030. Adjusted for inflation, the price is double that of Qatar 2022 and quadruple that of the United States 1994. Because. The reason is more than obvious: for the first time, FIFA controls ticket sales directly, without delegating it to local organizers, and has launched dynamic prices. Between October and April made at least one category more expensive in 95 of the 104 gameswith an average increase of 35%. The Category 1 ticket for the final went from $6,730 to $10,990. Other niceties. Another novelty this year that is not going down well with fans is that the buyer does not choose a seat either. You pay for a category that corresponds to an area of ​​the stadium and FIFA assigns you a row and seat months later. For example, in April many fans who had paid for Category 1 discovered that their seats were in areas previously marked as Category 2, because FIFA had modified the maps and reserved the best seats for a new “Front Category 1”. More expensive, of course. The law. The attorneys general of New York and New Jersey have judicially summoned to FIFA to investigate your sales practices; The one in New Jersey accuses the agency of turning the purchase into a labyrinth of “false scarcity.” California had previously sent its own letter of request. Justice accuses FIFA of setting up its own secondary market without price caps in the United States and Canada: as explained your own support pagecharges a commission of 15% to the seller and another 15% to the buyer. Only in Mexico does it limit resale to the original price, and by legal requirement. On that platform there have been tickets for the final listed by more than two million dollars. The opacity does the rest. FIFA has almost never reported how many tickets were left per match or per phase, and before publishing any price it sold tens of thousands of “Right to Buy” tokens through its crypto collectibles platform: hundreds of dollars for the right to buy a ticket whose final cost was not known until much later. More opacity: in February, FIFA president Gianni Infantino stated that all matches were sold out. His own organization had to correct himand in April acknowledged that about five of the planned 6.7 million tickets had been sold and that the rest were being held for “continued sales.” Different ticketing experts identify this retention as a classic tactic to create a sensation of demand. Although it is not clear if the play has given the expected results: the United States’ debut against Paraguay accumulated 10,000 entries listed on resale platformsa, many below the original price. The accounts come out. Wow, they come out: in Qatar 2022 the box office contributed about 950 million dollars; for 2026 FIFA budget up to 3,000 million for tickets and VIP packages (premium entry plus experience). The organization foresees earn 8.9 billion with the tournament within a four-year cycle of 13,000 (which is how FIFA organizes its accounts) in the most optimistic calculations. There are those who consider that this calculation even falls short: an academic analysis It projects that the box office and VIP experiences alone will exceed 7.4 billion, and to that would be added TV rights, sponsorships and other income. One but. The Economist It points, however, to a very specific problem this year: the public in the fields is part of the television product that FIFA sells around the world for more than 4 billion dollars. It must be remembered that in the Club World Cup, spectators had to be relocated in front of the cameras in half-empty matches to keep up appearances. All of this underlines the idea that FIFA is torn between a couple of businesses in which it wants to be the leader: squeezing in-person spectators and protecting the image of the spectacle that the rest of the planet sees. For now the eyes with the dollar sign are watching intently at the first one. In Xataka | How to configure your Smart TV to watch the 2026 World Cup in the best possible way

Today at Lidl (and for less than 60 euros) this compact Philips air fryer with a recipe app

Although it may seem that everyone already has an air fryer at home, if you are one of those who have not yet succumbed to this small appliance or want to renew the one you already have at home, you are in luck because in next week’s Lidl brochure we have found this Philips air fryer 4.2 liters per 59.99 euros. Although you won’t have to wait until next Friday, June 19 (which is when it goes on sale in physical stores), since it is already available in its online store at the same price. Philips Series 2000 Air Fryer NA229/00, with 4.2 l capacity The price could vary. We earn commission from these links And if the 4.2 liters of this Philips air fryer are not enough for you, on Amazon you have other larger capacity fryers at a good price. An example of this is also this one from the same brand and range (Philips Airfryer 2000 Series), with a 6.2 liter capacity and window that you can buy now reduced by 89 euros. Philips Airfryer 2000 Series – 6.2L Classic Fryer with Window The price could vary. We earn commission from these links A brand-name air fryer at an outlet price This model of air fryer from Philips stands out for offering a perfect balance between exterior size and cooking space. It has a 4.2 liter capacity bucket, which is an ideal size for prepare portions for two or three people (for example, up to 500 grams of French fries in one go) without taking up half of the kitchen counter. The key to this device is technology RapidAir patented by Philips. Thanks to its internal design in the shape of a sea star at the base, hot air circulates at high speed throughout the basket. This means that the food is cooked completely evenly. That is, they are crispy on the outside and tender on the inside using up to 90% less fat compared to a conventional fryer. Furthermore, with its 1,500 W of powerit does not need preheating, which will allow you to save time and up to 70% energy compared to a traditional electric oven. On the front we find a digital touch panel very intuitive. From there you can regulate the temperature and time manually, or select one of its preset programs with a single touch. Another point to highlight is how easy it is to clean it. Both the basket and the inner rack have a high quality non-stick coating and they are completely dishwasher safe. Plus, if you’re lacking inspiration in the kitchen, the Philips HomeID mobile app gives you access to hundreds of recipes designed specifically for this model. ⚡ IN SUMMARY: offer for Philips series 2000 air fryer at lidl ✅ THE BEST Philips warranty and technology: the brand practically invented this segment. Its air circulation system is light years ahead of cheap generic models. Efficient consumption: As it does not require preheating and cooks quickly, the impact on the electricity bill is minimal. ❌ THE WORST Fair capacity for large families… With 4.2 liters it falls short if there are 4 or more people at home; In that case it is better to jump to 5.5 or 6 liter models. Without double basket… By having a single cooking area, if you want to make meat and garnish at the same time you will have to mix them or calculate the times to add them in stages. 💡 BUY IT IF… If you are a couple, a single person or a family of three, it is the ideal size to optimize daily portions without wasting energy or space. ⛔ DON’T BUY IT IF… You have to cook for many, you will have to make several batches, so you will lose the advantage of saving time. You may also be interested in these accessories for your new air fryer Cecotec Pack 3 Circular Silicone Molds for 2.4-5L Airfryer Cecofry Bucket Pack Accessories S The price could vary. We earn commission from these links Xyvor 2 Pezzi Silicone Mold Air Fryer The price could vary. We earn commission from these links Some of the links in this article are affiliated and may provide a benefit to Xataka. In case of non-availability, offers may vary. Images | Webedia and Philips In Xataka | In my family we have retired the toaster for the air fryer: why we no longer use another method for breakfast bread In Xataka | This is how we make bread (with and without gluten) in my family: since we tried the air fryer, we have not turned on the oven again

“The demand for AI chips exceeds us, and will continue to do so for years”

CC Wei, the current president and CEO of TSMC, knows exactly what he has on his hands. Recently has communicated to shareholders that this Taiwanese company will not be able to fully meet the global demand for chip production. artificial intelligence (AI). And this situation will last for several years. The trigger for this scenario is the insatiable demand for AI chips from the data centers that are being built around the planet. Intel is setting up several cutting-edge integrated circuit production plants. Samsung, too. And TSMC is working on building new state-of-the-art factories in Taiwan, the US, Germany and Japan. Despite this effort, the future looks full of dark clouds. TSMC maintains its forecast It expects a 30% increase in sales this year, but it could sell more if its production infrastructure were able to absorb the current demand for AI semiconductors. Despite this scenario, the head of TSMC has anticipated that his company will not take advantage of this bottleneck to suddenly increase the price of wafers. And he will not do it for a compelling reason: he prefers to guarantee the stability of his business. What will most likely happen is that the cost will rise little by little, so that it can be absorbed by the market without triggering a fracture. If the AI ​​bubble does not burst, demand will continue to grow The factories that TSMC has in operation in Taiwan, and, above all, the plants that it is building in Hsinchu, Taichung and Kaohsiung, play a leading role in this company’s medium-term strategy. However, its most media project is its new facility in Arizona (USA). The plant that is already in operation has been producing 4 nm chips since 2024 in the N4 lithographic nodewhich belongs to the 5nm FinFET family. TSMC needs to reinforce its production infrastructure in the US in an attempt to meet demand This factory, known as Fab 21, made $514 million in profit last year according to Yeh Chun-Hsienthe minister of the National Development Council of Taiwan. This is not bad at all if we keep in mind that during the first year of operation the semiconductor plants They do not usually provide benefits. Even so, TSMC needs to reinforce its production infrastructure in the US in an attempt to meet the demand of its American customers, among which Nvidia, Apple, AMD and Qualcomm stand out. Their plan involves investing an additional 20 billion dollars in the expansion of Fab 21. In fact, this project is part of the expansion plan of 165 billion dollars that TSMC presented last year. If everything goes as planned, mass production of 3nm integrated circuits will begin in Arizona in 2027. But this is not all. And the purpose of this company is for this site to finally bring together no less than 12 factories, 4 advanced packaging centers and an R&D facility. This is the long-term expansion plan for the Chandler (Arizona) campus. What Wei hasn’t said, but the market has been reading between the lines for months, is that TSMC is in an extraordinarily comfortable position. You can choose who to manufacture, at what price and in what timeframe. Their clients have no real alternative in the short term. Intel tries to sneak into that gap with its 18A integration technologyand some reports argue that Apple has already reached a preliminary agreement with those of Lip-Bu Tan. But this, at best, is a story for 2027. Meanwhile, TSMC’s waiting list continues to grow. And CC Wei knows it perfectly. Image | TSMC More information | Tom’s Hardware In Xataka | Intel’s plan against an unattainable TSMC: beat Samsung and consolidate itself as the second largest chip manufacturer

Unitree is doing with robots what DJI did with drones: becoming inevitable

Not long ago we marveled at what quadruped robots were capable of doing. Today, humanoid robots monopolize all the spotlights and the stunts they are capable of performing left on the floor what seemed impressive to us at the time. Although There are several companies in the humanoid robot race, There is one that is leading this transformation and is one step away from gaining global dominance: Unitree Robotics. Its strategy closely follows what other giants such as DJI or BYD did previously. 10,000 units. It is the key figure to understand Unitree’s advantage in the emerging market for humanoid robots. Tesla and Figure have surprised us by showing what their robots are capable of, but neither has achieved something key: putting them on sale en masse. According to Semianalysisin the coming weeks Unitree will have distributed 10,000 units of its robots. Unstoppable growth. The Unitree empire began with quadruped robots and it was not until 2023 when they introduced their first humanoid, the Unitree H1. The financial growth of recent years perfectly reflects this explosion: in 2022 they invoiced 122 million yuan (about 15.5 million euros) and in 2025 they invoiced 1,167 million yuan in the first nine months alone, almost 150 million euros. The combination of high-performance solutions at competitive prices has made Unitree the first company to begin to democratize a technology that until recently was the realm of science fiction. The path that DJI started. What Unitree is doing with robotics is the same thing that DJI did with drones. In 2013, DJI Phantom launcheda very cheap and incomplete product, but at that time the alternatives were toy drones or professional drones with a much higher cost, DJI was creating the market for consumer drones. With each new generation they added functions and opened more submarkets, from research, photo and video professionals and of course amateurs. Vertical integration. It is the key strategy of DJI and other Chinese giants such as BYD. It is about controlling the supply chain as much as possible, manufacturing critical components in a way that allows them to technically iterate much faster and, in the long run, drastically reduce costs. In addition, DJI took advantage of the huge Chinese electronics ecosystem, in which prices dropped a lot in a short time. They say in Semianalysis that GPS went from costing 800 dollars in 2003 to less than 14 dollars in 2013flight controllers cost $2,000 in 2006 and only $400 in 2011. DJI started by manufacturing the largest and most complex component, the flight controller, and BYD made the same with batteries. This is how they ate up the market, controlling critical components and creating a cost structure unattainable by any competitor. Unitree’s strategy. The company, which by the way was founded by a former DJI employeeis following DJI’s lead in that they manufacture the critical component (the actuator, which is what is responsible for moving the robot’s limbs) and have opened new markets for robotics. First they perfected and they made quadrupeds cheaperand then they made the leap to humanoids. Its first model, the Unitree H1, cost about $90,000, but today the Unitree G1 can be had for only $13,500. They have encountered many problems along the way, such as overheating when the robot held weight for a few minutes, but controlling many of the key parts has allowed them to quickly iterate and solve it. In other words, it may not be the best robot, it is its ability to improve it that is unrivaled. The Pentagon blockade. Just yesterday we said that The US has added more Chinese companies to its blacklistamong which is Unitree. The reason they have given is that they consider it to be directly linked to the Chinese army. Being on this list means that, from now on, the Pentagon is prohibited from contracting directly with these companies and starting next year they will not be able to do so through third parties either. All of the companies on the list compete directly with other American companies, so there seems to be an intention to slow their progress. Maybe they’ll be late. Image | Xataka with Magnific In Xataka | Humanoid robotics are striking, but China is clear about which robots make money

They can’t leave home without a 100-year-old machine gun

A few years ago, the United States Army discovered that a Browning M2 machine gun manufactured in the 1920s it was still working within original specifications after more than 90 years of service. The surprising thing is that, a century after its design, this veteran weapon once again plays a relevant role in one of the most technological conflicts on the planet. Drones and reality. A Ukrainian mobile air defense unit was preparing to launch a modern interceptor drone when a simple reconnaissance mission revealed the main problem of the current technological war. The small quadcopter sent to check for possible interference suddenly lost signal and the operation had to be canceled before it even began. The episode was a reminder that, in a crowded battlefield for electronic warfarethe most advanced tools can be rendered useless in a matter of seconds. Therefore, while Ukraine incorporates systems increasingly sophisticatedtheir soldiers still keep much older weapons close by that remain surprisingly useful. Ukrainian HMMWV armored vehicle with two M2 Browning machine guns for anti-drone defense Interceptors change the rules. The need for these new systems arose when Russia modified its tactics. Shahed drones started flying faster and at higher altitudesoutside the effective range of many weapons used until then to defend cities and infrastructure. To respond, Ukraine has interceptor drones deployed capable of pursuing targets several kilometers high and at speeds close to 320 kilometers per hour. Models like the P1-Sun or the Bullet represent a new generation of low-cost air defense designed specifically to combat the threat of kamikaze drones, becoming an increasingly important piece within the country’s defensive network. Old Browning refuses to go away. However, they remembered in Insider that the war is demonstrating that the arrival of a new technology does not always eliminate the previous one. heavy machine guns Browning M2designed at the end of the First World War and massively deployed since the 1930s, are still part of the Ukrainian mobile units. Mounted about trucksthese weapons continue to be especially effective against drones that fly at very low altitudes to avoid radars. While the interceptors cover the upper airspace, the Brownings continue to provide an immediate defense against threats that suddenly appear a few meters above the ground. A layered defense. Ukrainian commanders describe modern air defense as a deeply tiered system in which each tool occupies a specific place. Interceptor drones can achieve goals that a machine gun could never touch, but they also depend on communications links vulnerable to interference and adverse weather conditions. At the same time, Russia is constantly adapting its tactics, making some drones be more maneuverable or more difficult to intercept. In this environment, the solution is not to replace one system with another, but rather to combine multiple defensive layers capable of covering the weaknesses of the others. Electronic warfare as an invisible protagonist. One of the most determining factors of this evolution is the growing importance of electronic warfare. What happened during the unit’s training near kyiv illustrates how a jammed signal can paralyze an entire mission. As both sides deploy more sophisticated systems to interfere with communications, navigation and remote control, reliability becomes as important a factor as power or speed. The most advanced weapons offer extraordinary capabilities, but they also introduce new vulnerabilities that the enemy can exploit. The main lesson for Ukraine. The drone war in Ukraine is leaving an unexpected lesson about the future of combat. Military innovation is often presented as a succession of technologies that replace previous ones, but the reality observed on the ground is always much more complex. Interceptor drones they already participate in most Russian drone shootdowns and their importance continues to grow, but even they need backup when communications fail, the weather worsens, or the enemy finds new ways to evade them. That is why a machine gun designed almost a century ago continues to share a mission with some of the most modern systems on the planet. And possibly, in the war of the future, revolutionary weapons will continue to need a plan B that, sometimes, was designed by engineers from another time. Image | X, General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine In Xataka | In case there was not enough “gasoline” in 2026, the attack by a Russian drone has crossed a red line: that of Chernobyl In Xataka | Ukraine has turned military bridges into impossible targets. Russia just responded with a Frankenstein on wheels

“Treating scientific opinion as pro or con is oversimplifying”

Does it exist extraterrestrial life? Yes or no?. We often think that science evolves based on strong and solid statements. We have the perception that there is absolute agreement among all scientists in the world. “Science says so.” Thus, as if all scientists had a hive mind. However, those who rely on categorical statements, without asking questions, are characters like Marcos Llorentewith his yellow glasses and his fear of water vapor. Scientific knowledge, on the other hand, evolves through uncertainty and consensus that can change as research continues. This is what a team of scientists from Durham University is studying with their project C-SCOPE (Center for the Survey and Evaluation of Opinion of the Scientific Community). Its objective is precisely to understand how much consensus there is in some of the most important disciplines of science. Astrophysics is usually one that generates the most doubts among its own researchers, as well was seen in a recently published study. For this reason, they wanted to go further and analyze the opinion of hundreds of astrobiologists regarding the idea that extraterrestrial life exists. Two milestones about extraterrestrial life. These surveys were made in 2025, after two important studies were published pointing to a possible discovery of extraterrestrial life. The first of these studies was carried out with data from exoplanet K2-18bin which traces of dimethylsulfides and dimethyldisulfides were found, both substances that on Earth are related to biological activity. The second, however, took place much closeron Mars. In a rock on the red planet called Cheyava Falls, structures known as leopard spots were identified, which on our planet are related to microbial activity. When asking hundreds of astrobiologists about each of these studies, opinion was very divided. Of course, it seemed that there were a little less doubts with the second. The data. Regarding extraterrestrial life on K2-18b, 6.6% of those surveyed agreed to make this hypothesis, while 65.4% disagreed and 28% pointed to neutrality. Regarding the Martian rock, 15.1% of astrobiologists showed agreement, 44.6% disagreement and 40.3% neutrality. Among those who showed disagreement, they were also asked if it was a categorical disagreement or with some reluctance. In the first case there was 35.1% complete disagreement, but in the second only 11.1%. Possible reasons. As explained in The Conversation one of the authors of this study, Peter Vickers, possibly this greater agreement in the case of Mars has an explanation. And, although the planet’s biosignatures were calculated with indirect methods at interstellar distances, the rock from Mars could be analyzed directly by the Perseverance rover. in situ. Errors can also occur, but not as easily as with K2-18b. It is impossible to know. If there is something that all scientists agree on, it is that many of the characteristics that on Earth are usually considered biological They can also be the result of geological processes. Therefore, it is impossible to know for sure if there is extraterrestrial life only by analyzing these biosignatures. The data should always be read with caution. Only the discovery of a living organism would be conclusive in this regard. Let’s not get confused. Science is based on evidence, not opinions. When there is evidence of something, such as that vaccines save lives, there is no room for opinions. However, on more complex topics to study, such as those related to space, there may be opinions, which in turn are supported by evidence. That is precisely what C-SCOPE scientists have seen with this new study. We should not simplify. “Treating scientific opinion as pro or con runs the risk of oversimplification.” This is what we saw at the beginning of this text. The answer to whether there is extraterrestrial life cannot simply be a yes or no. There are many nuances that must be investigated and evidence that will surely evolve over time. Unfortunately, as Vickers also points out, “public debates often invoke scientific consensus.” Scientific consensus exists and is necessary, but individual opinions, as long as they are well founded, are just as useful. This is how science grows and is enriched. Based on data, questions and reviews. We should not trust a scientist who answers the question about life beyond Earth with a simple yes or no, because science is not that polarized. That, although it can sometimes frustrate us a little, is part of what makes it so fascinating. Image | Katrin Hauf (Unsplash) In Xataka | China is getting closer to surpassing NASA in its Martian mission. And just invited other countries to join

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