Month: October 2025

Spain always longed for the US to look at it like Italy and France. Now that desire is becoming dangerously

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In the middle of the year the rumor of A boycott from Europe to the United States in one of its most profitable sectors: tourism. Among the cultivation broth there was talk of a political situation that had generated rejection, noticing even in reservation falls for summer (up to 25%). Interestingly, this does not happen, or remotely, in reverse. In fact, Americans like Spain so much that an avalanche of citizens is expected in the coming years. We talk about millions. The personal discovery. The truth is that the relationship between American travelers and Spain It is not understood only from statistics, but also of individual stories that have captured attention on social networks. In 2023, the Smith family, originally from Kansas, It was installed in Logroño After deciding to change life in full pandemic. Their Videos on Tiktok and Instagram, just like those of Morgana creator of Michigan transferred to Madrid, made visible the contrast between the American and Spanish lifestyle: the sociability of the dinners at ten o’clock at night, the peace of mind of having a public health system, the culture of sitting down to breakfast instead of eating fast or the naturalness that children’s parks are next to a bar. For millions of followers, their vision served as a country mirror that offered security, quality of life and a different sense of community, aroused renewed interest in experiencing Spain from within. The quantitative jump. That personal interest was later reflected in the numbers. In 2024, Spain received almost 94 million tourists International and broke all records, with a 12% increase in arrivals and 18.6% in spending only in the first seven months of the year. He CaixaBank report Research stressed a especially striking fact: the expense of the visitors of North America in August was 90% higher to 2019, which made the United States one of the most dynamic and lucrative markets. Reasons? The dollar strength And American economic growth explained part of the trend, which was consolidated in destinations such as Catalonia, Balearic Islands and Canary Islands. Meanwhile, airlines and United Airlines took advantage of the juncture for multiply direct routes To Spain, opening connections with Mallorca, Málaga, Tenerife and Bilbao. The future projection. The euphoria was confirmed this September with the Publication of the report Portrait of American & Canadian International Travelers, commissioned by Turespaña. According to the study, 70%of Americans plan to visit Spain in the next three years, an even greater proportion among millennials (81%) and high -purchasing power travelers (76%). The figures draw a sustained growth panorama, with spending projections of more than $ 13,000 per traveler and a remarkable interest in authentic cultural experiences, gastronomy and nature. Madrid and Barcelona lead the desired list of destinations, followed by Valencia and Seville, while in the island Tenerife and Gran Canaria stand out, with an interest that exceeds 70%. Because. The big question. The reports indicate Key factors to explain this enthusiasm: security (91%), climate (87%) and cultural activities (87%) are decisive in choice. It also underlines greater sensitivity towards sustainability, With 84% Of the Americans willing to pay more for services responsible for the environment, a provision led by the younger generations. In addition, the Planning habits: The growing weight of online and social networks reviews Like Instagram or YouTubethe preference for multi -city itineraries (84%) and the expansion of the airbnb tourist accommodation market, which competes with traditional hotels and resorts. Spain in front of the competition. On the global board, Spain appears as a destination “balanced and versatile”capable of combining culture, gastronomy and nature in a unique offer. He Report places to the country ahead of France, Portugal or the United Kingdom in the North American market, and in a direct pulse with Italy and Greece for leadership in Mediterranean cultural experience. The data of 2024 and the first semester of 2025 They confirm it: The United States has become the fourth issuer market in total expenditure, with 9,014 million euros and more than 4.3 million visitors, a high -purchasing capacity tourist profile that stays eight days on average and spends more than 270 euros daily. From personal experience to the phenomenon. What started as a phenomenon of discovery staff (families and young people who shared in networks their astonishment from Spanish customs) has become a massive flow that BRAND EXPENSE REGRESS and Project millions of arrivals in the next three years. Spain has not only become a tourist destination of reference for Americans, but also a mirror of values ​​and lifestyles that contrast with those of their country of origin. Among the crowded terraces At midnight, the Mediterranean cuisinethe safety of cities or Public Healthan image is drawn that attracts both travelers in search of leisure and those who wish to rethink their entire life. The challenge, from now on, will be to manage this wave without being Dilute the quality of life That, paradoxically, it is The greatest attraction from Spain for those who discover it from afar. Image | Willian Justen de Vasconcellos In Xataka | Something strange is happening with tourism in Spain: the data is at maximum, the hoteliers insist that there is crisis In Xataka | Making tourism in Spain is getting so expensive that at this point in the year it is more profitable to travel to the Caribbean

Spain has dozens of abandoned unique roads. Now he wants to save them making them “historical roads”

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If we have the roads we have today, it was because 125 years ago A Scottish and a Welsh were fed up with the dusty roads In those early years of the car. We start to asphalt those paths, some of them part of the country’s spinebut over time they were abandoned when they were advanced by the highways. The Government of Spain wants to give them a second life. Throughout geography, there are Kilometers of national roads that are in a deplorable state. He Maintenance of highways and roads More used is the one that takes the budget, while others are at your fate. Therefore, this 2025, the Government launches a program that aims to recover and enforce those roads. And the first ‘historical road’ will be a section of the N-IV that passes through desaperros. Spain and its new “historical roads” At the beginning of September this year, the Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility and the foundation of the Spanish Railways They signed A collaboration agreement with an objective: recovery of the historical roads of the State Road Network. The idea is to catalog certain ways as “Historical assets linked to transport”which implies that these roads, at some point before being replaced, helped territorial expansion with population or merchandise movements. To do this, the agreement has a budget of 300,000 euros (200,000 by the Ministry of Transportation and 100,000 covering by the Foundation of the Railways) and, during the next four years, they will have to Identify which roads are suitable to become “historical road.” It is an action that will follow the example of the Program of ‘Green Roads’ which has managed to transform more than 3,500 kilometers of old railway paths for non -motorized use. There are numerous towns and cities that have some of these kilometers of ‘Green via‘With trees, some park, pícon areas and roads to hiking or bike. And it is something similar to what is proposed for these historical roads with the objective of curbing the situation of deterioration and loss to which certain pathways are exposed, as well as to value their contribution to the historical infrastructure of the country. The project has the name of Ivapchete And, in addition to identifying the roads, it must hierarchize the sections according to the patrimonial value of the paths of their linked elements. In principle, the initiative focuses on the Spanish road network, but can be expanded to study roads that are competencies of other administrations, provided they have that historical link with the state network. Perhaps the Map of the National Special Firm Circuit of 1926 can give us a clue what other candidates would be Apart from the initiative, There is already a pilot project: The Deseñaperros. During the coming months, the General Directorate of Roads of the Ministry will promote the elaboration of a recovery project of the Posqued of the old N-IV. It is a segment of 28.6 kilometers between Almuradiel in Ciudad Real and Santa Elena in Jaén. It is not surprising taking into account your Historical importance being the main access between Castilla-La Mancha and Andalucía, Territorial Unity Symbol which facilitated both trade and mobility between the plateau and the peninsular south. For centuries, before being called N-IV, of course, it was an essential artery, but the opening of the most convenient A-4 highway left the N-VI in the shadow. Now, will return to life as the first “historical road”becoming a way associated with non -motorized mobility and valueing its cultural importance. It remains to see what the impact of the project will be and, above all, what other ways can recover in this way. Images | Emilio J. Rodríguez Posada, Concepcion Amat orta In Xataka | These are the roads where we can suffer more jams in summer. If you have to take the car, you are in time to plan

A paleontologist discovered a frozen bison for 50,000 years. Then he stewed him to eat it with vegetables

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Almost half a century ago, in the middle of the Summer of 1979the American paleontologist Dale Guthrie received one of those calls that accelerate the pulse of any fossil lover like him. Some miners had found close to Fairbanks, in Alaska, which seemed to be part of the body of a bison of the ice age. At least that was what suggested the confusing knead of hooves, legs and skin that had peeked between the mud while the operators were looking for gold. Years after that call (and after intense work through) Guthrie and his colleagues celebrated the one who has probably been one of the most delusional banquets in the history of humanity: a stew with flesh of 55,000 years. What the hell is this? Something such that Walter Roman and his family have to think about the summer of 1979, when they discovered in a mine north of Fairbanks (Alaska) something that little or nothing had to do with the gold they were looking for. While working in the area they realized that something appeared between the frozen land: the remains of what seemed like a Ancient ancient creature of tens of thousands of years. They were so surprised that they warned of the finding and the news ended up arriving at Guthriepaleontologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF). Something better than gold. Guthrie had to drive about an hour On gravel roads to get to the Roman mine, but the effort was worth it. Once there he observed what they looked like muscle tissues, bones and black hair, the remains of an ancient semi -soured steparia creature between the ice. “Roman’s finding was a novelty for both. He had found an authentic mummy, an exceptional event,” I would report Years later Guthrie in one of his books. The body had peeked thanks to the force of the hose with which the miners worked, powerful enough to remove part of the frozen mud, but not to completely release the body. Seeing him Guthrie decided to finish the task to prevent the meat from breaking down. With you, the Bison Priscus. The paleontologist concluded that what he had before him was a Bison Priscusan exceptionally well -preserved steparium bison if you take into account that tens of thousands of years had lived. Unfortunately, not everything was good news. Ice accumulations prevented removing the body quickly. And the summer heat played against him. To get out of trouble Guthrie took A decision Worthy of King Solomon: he waited for a large part of the body to appear, cut what could be preserved in one of the powerful freezers of the UAF and then excavated the rest of the body that was still embedded in the icy mud, which included the head and neck of the animal. When he had all the pieces he assembled them with the help of a specialized taxidermist. Not just that. As it details An article Published in 1986 in the Magazine of the University of Alaska (UA), the researchers were responsible for preserving the bones, hairs, insects, wood fragments and plants … any fragment that would be hidden among the ice, however insignificant, to rebuild the last instant of the life of the bison. For that same reason, the geology of the area analyzed in detail, in addition to the orientation and position in which the body was. Once the work was completed they baptized the animal ‘Blue Babe’. Why ‘Blue Babe’? For a double wink. The first, to the coloration that acquired the body for the chemical reactions that occurred during the excavation. The body was covered with a layer of Vivianita that, when exposed to the air, acquired a bluish hue. The second is a reference to American folklore: Blue Babe It is the name of the blue ox that accompanies Paul Bunyan, a popular US and Canada figure, a strong and large lumberjack. A bloody story. So far the funniest part. What Guthrie and his colleagues discovered (in the excavation His wife also participatedMary Lee) when examining the body was much less enjoyable. On the back they found brands of claws and teeth that led them to conclude that Blue Babe was killed by a Panthera Leoatrxan extinct and related feline with the African lions. The beast opened the side of the bison, killing and leaving exposed vertebrae, ribs and muscles that later were responsible for devouring other carnivores. A first radiocarbon dating of a skin fragment led them to think that this event occurred some 36,000 yearsalthough subsequent studies have proven that they fell short and traced it to 50,000 years. Much more than a fossil. He Panthera Leoatrx And the rest of the beasts who participated in the bloodthirsty Festin were not the only ones who put the vote at the coast of Blue Babe. When examining the body the scientists found out something else, that the bison died towards autumn or winter, which favored the body to cool quickly and ended up freezing before their 50,000 -year -old dream. Your state of conservation It was so extraordinarily good That the paleontologists found blood coagulated in the skin, bone marrow, fat … and something else: they found that the muscle tissue that the lion and rest of the beasts had not realized had a color and texture very similar to that of fresh meat. So, why treat it the same? “A small part of the neck”. “All of us who worked on this had heard the stories of the Russians who excavated things like bison and mammoths at the north end and were frozen enough to eat them,” He came to confess Guthrie in statements collected by Obscure atlas. “So we said: ‘Do you know what we can make’ prepare a meal with this bison ‘.” No sooner said than done. The paleontologist and his colleagues decided to try a piece of one of the best preserved parts of Blue Babe, the neck. The banquet was held in … Read more

How to create Gemini Gems to have your personalized view of artificial intelligence

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Let’s explain How to create your own Gemini Gemand thus have a personalized version of Google’s artificial intelligence. The Gemini Gems They are like a kind of light and very simplified version of the Artificial Intelligence Agentsnot so complete, but easier to create. The idea of ​​this article is to have a mini guide to understand these personalized versions of Geminiand help you create the first to be able to adapt it to your needs. You will see that they are easier to do than you think, and the options are simple. What are the gems exactly The gems are Personalized versions of Geminithat allow you to use a personalized version of this artificial intelligence assistant. So you can adapt it to perform concrete tasks, play specific roles, or get answers of certain topics that interest you. It is something similar to Chatgpt GPTSbut for Gemini. Gems will allow you to create a version specialized in something concrete of Gemini. Thus, instead of the generic version of the AI ​​you can have one that is centered on the programming, on making a personal tutor or even reviewing your writing. For this, you will simply have to Write instructions telling you what your role and purpose isand from then on all the interactions will start from those rules that you have established. You can even add concrete articles or files to take into account your content in your answers. Although initially the gems were a payment function, currently You can create and use them with a free account from Google with Gemini. However, even being a function that is no longer paying is subject to the general limits of the free account, which means that you can only use the most basic AI model, with a very scarce limit in the use of the advanced model. Another of the limits to be used is in the context window, which is 32,000 tokens or around 50 pages of text, while The file limit for the knowledge base It is only 10. How to create your own gems To create your own Gemini Gems, you have to open the lateral menu of the web or the mobile application. Once inside, click on the option Discover Gems That will appear. This will take you to a screen where you can see a list of gems created by Google itself, and below the section where you have created. Here, click on the + buttonNew gene that will appear to start the process of creating a new one from scratch. This will take you to the screen where you will have to fill in the three necessary fields to create your Gem. You will have to give it a name, instructions and a knowledge base In the event that the latter is necessary. Three fields to define your new gem The first thing you have to do is name your gem. This is the distinctive name it will have, and with which it will appear on your list of gems created. It is recommended that it be a clear and distinctive name. Come on, it is better to call him “expert in SEO writing” than simply “Julián”. Then comes the most complex part, because you will have to Write detailed instructions of the Gem. This is the most important step, because it serves to define the role, tone and rules that this automatism must follow. You have to specify everything you can When you are writing these instructions. These are any of the most important aspects to be defined in the instructions When you are going to create your Gem: Personality: You will have to say what your role is, the character you must interpret and the tone you must use. For example, you can ask you to act as a rigorous but friendly university professor, or an editor of casual content and focused on Reels. Whatever you want, but this personality is important to define it to establish behavior. Objective and rules: It is also also important to specify what the main task of the GEM is, and what are the rules to be used. For example, you can say “Your work is to review the texts to find spelling, grammatical failures and improve the structure”, for example. You can also say things like “Never talk about issues that are not about …” to make it focus on that concrete task. Format: This is something optional, but you will also be able to define the structure of the answers. For example, you can ask that you always start with a summary and then make a list at several points, or whatever you think is necessary. In the end, the question is to define a response structure that is useful and according to the tasks you want to do this customization of Gemini. If you don’t clarify writing the instructionsyou have at your disposal the option to use Gemini to help you write them. For that, write two or three phrases describing the instructions, and then click on the pencil button Use Gemini to rewrite the instructions. By doing so, AI will develop instructions from your phrases, and then you will only have to modify them as you consider necessary. And last place, you have The field of Knowledge Where can you add files. This is something optional, you can simply give your Gem an additional information or context base to reference in chats. These files can upload them from Google Drive or your device. Here, when you upload files keep in mind that They will have priority over general knowledge When you ask the Gem. Come on, that version of Gemini will first look for the answer in those files you have sent, and if you ask you questions that can be answered with them. But if the GEM does not find the answer in its content, then it will resort to Gemini’s general knowledge. Try the Gem before saving it Once you have … Read more

In his career for the total domain of the solar panels, a rival has come out: the Spanish Perovskita

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The sun will continue to shine, but the way we take advantage of it is changing at vertigo speed. While China and other countries are focused on improving the efficiency of Perovskita solar panels, Spain has set the point of solving another great challenge: stability. And he does it with a clear message: say goodbye to the silicon. Jubilating the silicon. Until now, talk about solar energy It was talking about silicon. Today, that equation begins to break through the Perovskita. In Madrid, an Imdea Nanocencia team has achieved that a cell reaches 25.2% certified efficiency, almost matching The world record of 26.7%. With this, Spain enters the first line of the race for the solar future. Not only that, they have also manufactured a mini-modulus of 25 cm² that maintains an efficiency of 22.1% and extraordinary stability, something that historically has been the Achilles heel of this technology. “These cells already exceed the commercial silicon, which barely reaches 18% efficiency, and open the door to the next generation of solar panels,” explains Nazario Martín, principal researcher of the project. The jump is not only academic. In research, Published in Advanced Materialsthey explain that Perovskita promises to reduce costs, be flexible, light and recyclable, in front of the silicon, whose production process is expensive and controlled almost exclusively by China. But the essential here is not so much efficiency and durability. The cells developed with the new PTZ-FL material maintain 95% of their performance after 3,600 hours of tests in demanding conditions (ISOS-D-1 protocol). In other words, we do not talk about fragile laboratory prototypes, but of devices capable of resisting the passage of time under sun, humidity and heat. The fund of the project. The advance is based on the design of molecules called Spiro-Fenotiazines, which act as “hollow transporters”, an essential layer in the solar cell. The PTZ-FL compound prevents lithium-ion migration, which is usually one of the main causes of degradation. In the words of the researchers, it is about building a “compact interface” that protects the material and improves its efficiency. In practical terms, it means that Perovskita modules are not only more powerful, but also much more resistant. China takes the lead. As he advanced above, China has focused its efficiency efforts. A study by the Huazhong University and Technology achieved a 28.8% record With a tandem cell totally from Perovskita, without silicon. This type of advance, such as Spanish, confirm that Perovskita can not only compete with silicon, but to overcome it in scenarios where it never shone: facades, windows, offices or even portable devices. There are very specific challenges. Beyond laboratory records, the great challenge is to bring this technology to the market. Today, the European Union depends largely on China to manufacture solar panels, According to an Ember report. Projects such as IMDEA not only seek efficiency, but also reduce this strategic dependence. In addition, the most expensive component of a solar panel is no longer silicon or glass, but aluminum frames, which represent 14% of the total cost. A reminder that the transition to Perovskita will require innovations not only in laboratories, also in factories and supply chains. Forecasts The solar future is no longer written with silicon. Perovskita has gone from being a fragile promise to real candidate for the market. The question is not whether it will come, but how and from where. Spain, with the advancement of IMDEA nanocencia, wants part of that response to have European seal. Image | Freepik Xataka | India needs more crops and solar energy than any other country. So you are installing solar panels in height

Science has reviewed everything we know about sleeping well. The most important thing is the most obvious: light

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In a saturated world of ‘life and gadgets that promise a perfect break, since face mask until Mantas with weightscience reminds us that the key to have a good sleep quality It is not in the product that appears in Tiktok, but in have a good sleep hygiene. And this happens to synchronize with our internal biological clock, what we know as the circadian rhythms. A concept on which it continues to be investigated and that allows us to know how our body is scheduled to sleep. The issue in this case is that modern life, with its artificial light and its chaotic schedules, It is the main enemy of these rhythms. And therefore of ourselves. A business. The market that exists around products that promise to help us have a better rest, the truth is that it generates billions of dollars a year. A figure that is logical, since nobody wants to spend the night and be the next day asking for coffee for the corners. And to avoid this we many times turn to whatever we see that they tell us that it works. However, many of these remedies are not only ineffective, but can be counterproductive. Andrew Mchill, a scientist specialized in circadian rhythms of the Oregon Health & Science University, warns That failed attempts can discourage people to seek professional help, worsening the situation. The solution. If we stick to science, the solution is completely free. The key is in Understand and respect our internal biological watches. A system of ‘watches’ that is present in each cell of the organism and that needs to be synchronized with the ‘central clock’ of the organism that is in the hypothalamus and specifically in the supraquiasmatic nucleus. To do this, this nucleus receives light signals that come through the eyes by the optical nerve that allows you to synchronize vital body functions such as the sleep-vigilia cycle and the production of hormones such as melatonin, which, which it is increasingly important Beyond allowing us to reconcile the dream such as repairing the data in our body. With a small nuance of basic physiology, Melatonin production It is suppressed or inhibited due to light collection. At the time the environment darkens, the pineal gland begins to release melatonin. And his mismatch has consequences that go beyond morning fatigue by affecting cognition, mood and reaction time. The contrasts. One of the keys is in the light as we have said, especially in the blue wavelength. This makes the daytime light rich in these blue tones, Synchronize our circadian rhythms throughout the day. But when the night comes and we are on the couch watching the last Instagram or Tiktok reos this blue light of the screens makes our body end up dislocating. Literally, with this constant exposure to the blue light we are indicating the body that is still daytime and that has to be underway and not decay. Something that ultimately triggers the hated insomnia. A study of Global Health Institute of Barcelona (ISGlobal) He warns that overexposure to the “blue light” of electronic devices alters our sleep-vigilia cycle when interfering with melatonin production. The solution, according to experts, is to seek contrast: expose ourselves to natural light during the day and reduce exposure to artificial light at night. A simple outdoor walk or work near a window can make a big difference. At night, it is advisable to lower the intensity of the lights, turn off the screens or use applications that adjust the color temperature to warmer tones. Or even bet on red lights that does not interfere with melatonin production. Meals. Our digestive system also has its own schedule, causing hormones that cause or inhibit hunger, digestive or even Insulin itself also works by rhythms. This makes eating on the undo, especially late at night, alters these watches and can cause digestive problems, an increase in body temperature and an increase in glucose levels, which makes sleep difficult. And it makes enough sense. When the end of the day is approaching and the sun begins to wear, the body begins to prepare to sleep, reducing insulin, which is a fundamental hormone to control blood glucose levels. In the event that we give us a binge during the night, we are causing these insulin levels to have to rise compulsively when the body is going down. Something that completely dislocates to the body. The recommendation is to follow what you have surely heard: “Breakfast like a king, eats like a prince and dinner like a beggar.” The last meal of the day should be at least three hours before bedtime. The consistency. Sleep The right time is as important as the amount of hours we sleep. Our body has an optimal sleep window, which varies according to our chronotype (if we are “evening” or “morning”). However, work and study schedules often force us to ignore our biological clock. The Spanish Sleep Society (SES) He insists on the importance of maintaining regular sleep schedules, even on weekends, to keep our circadian rhythm synchronized. The generalized use of alarmrs is proof that most of us live in conflict with our constant biology. Seek help. Something very important in these cases is to seek help from professionals in the event that the biological clock is completely uncontrolled. In many situations, exogenous melatonin can be administered at high doses accompanied by a plan to improve sleep hygiene. But beyond this, Mayic Mayic It offers different tips that can be obvious how to create an adequate rest environment, exercise regularly, control food and especially establish the most appropriate relaxation routine. Although clearly getting away from the screens and maintaining an adequate schedule is the most recommended so that we can finally sleep peacefully. Images | Shane In Xataka | Something is stealing our dream and they are not just the screens. A neurologist helps us understand what is really happening

That pleasure of scratching when something pikes you is a hoax. And our mothers already knew

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A summer afternoon, a Zumba mosquito in your ear and at minute you already have a red lump in the arm. The first thing you do is scratch, one, two, three … up to ten times or more. And the more you scratch, the more you want to continue. Your mother warns you: “Don’t scratch yourself, it’s worse!” And now it turns out that science is right. Scratch does not relieve. Researchers at the University of Miami They have demonstrated that scratching is not an effective method to calm the itching. On the contrary: it activates what they call the “itching cycle.” The more you scratch, the more the skin is inflamed, the more histamine it is released and more itch. A vicious circle difficult to break. So what do I do? The recommendation is clear: if you can resist the impulse to scratch, do it. And if not, choose to rub gently with your fingers or stroke with a soft brush. As the team led by Tasuku Akiyama explainsgently caress the skin, even to the side of the exact point that itchs, send signals that block the itching before it reaches the brain. A year later, the same effect It was checked in another experiment with 61 volunteers With a simple trick: pass a makeup brush slowly on the skin. In addition, in the face of histamine -induced itching – a classic molecule in allergic reactions -, It was seen that soft skin friction Sensation also decreases. According to Dr. Trisha Pasricha in her column for Washington Postthis technique can reduce up to 12% plus itching than a simple scratch. What if I crawled? Scratching relieves momentary because the generated pain inhibits the itching signal in the nervous system. That is the reason that it is so pleasant. The problem It arrives later: Active scratching immune cells called mast cells, which release histamine and other inflammatory molecules. The result is more inflammation and more desire to scratch. This was demonstrated by a study by the University of Pittsburgh, Posted in Science: When mice were prevented from scratching – with protective necklaces or eliminating sensory neurons – inflammation decreased dramatically. However, not everything is negative: the same team, led by Daniel Kaplan, discovered that scratching also helps eliminate bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureusone of the most common in skin infections. This would explain why, despite its damage, scratch has remained for millions of years in evolution. Cats, dogs, horses and practically all animals are also scratched. How does itching occur? Not everything that brushes our skin causes itching. As Dr. Pasricha remembersa cotton shirt does not usually bother, while wool does. It is the spatial contrast theory: when only a small group of nerve fibers is activated, the brain translates it as itching. If the activation is broader or more intense, the signal becomes pain. On the other hand, According to The Conversationin the spinal cord there are inhibitory neurons that act as filters: they let or block the itching signal. When these “guardians” fail, chronic itching may appear, a problem that affects about 8% of the population. Another way is through infection. Just see someone scratch or even an insect video to start feeling it in our own skin. Dr. Zhou-Feng Chen Remember that this phenomenon, studied in several experiments, demonstrates how the brain unconsciously mimics the sensations of others. Have you already entered itching when reading this? A double -face protective function. In the background, the itching fulfills a defensive function: we are alerted to possible threats such as insects or irritating substances. Scratching, although pleasant, is a brief relief that inflammation usually worsens. Instead, caress or rub the area offers a lasting relief without damage. The next time a mosquito ruins your night, remember: scratching gives momentary pleasure, but also worsens inflammation. Science coincides with the same as your mother: better a caress or a brush than desperate nails. Image | Freepik Xataka | Compact, practical and very cheap: this is the device to keep mosquito bites at bay

6,400 panels north of the Arctic Circle

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The world is immersed in the Renewable Energy Revolution. China is the Great powerin Europe we are seeing The sorpasso of renewables And even states like Texas have Uploaded to wind and photovoltaic car. However, there is a region in which bet on solar panels It looks like a contradiction: the Arctic. The reason? With a sun that for much of the year is up to the horizon, traditional panels sound like a waste. The trick is to stand up. And in the city of Troms the largest installation of bifacial solar panels in the world has just finished. Tromsøterminalen. North of the Arctic Circle is the city of Tromsø. Is at the upper limit of Norway And in a storage installation the world installation record of vertical photovoltaic units has just been exceeded, known as VPV. The roof of the trumsøtermine has hostel 1,600 VPV units that, in total, have 6,400 individual solar panels. It covers an area of ​​about 2,670 square meters and the installed capacity is 320 kWp. As they point in Interesting Engineeringthe CEO of Over Easy Solar (Norwegian company that He was in charge of the installation) comments that it is the vertical solar system located on a larger roof in the world. Too many ‘asterisks’, but the truth is that the orientation is impressive responds to a need. Vertical panels. Northern Norway has some Very capricious solar patterns. Focusing in Tromsø, from May to July there is a period known as the ‘midnight sun’. The sun remains visible 24 hours a day with different intensity, but there is also the opposite phenomenon: the ‘polar night’. From the end of November to mid -January, the star barely rises above the horizon. Depending on the area in Norway, there are between two and four months of continuous sunlight and another two to four at polar night. Traditional panels could not capture virtually anything when the sun affects too sharp angles, and that is where the VPV come out. If a traditional panel would reach 485 kWh yields in suitable conditions in this region, verticals can generate up to 55% more energy: about 750 kWh per year. Sun … and snow. In the winter months, that difference can become three or four times higher, but in addition to being more suitable to capture the sun when it is in the horizon line, these vertical solar panels take advantage of the Albano effect caused by the snow that accumulates between the ranks of panels and reflects the sunlight. That is: VPVs are capturing light from both the sun and what is reflected in the snow. It is estimated that this can increase energy production by more than 30% and, obviously, the advantage of vertical orientation is that snow does not accumulate on top of the panels, facilitating so much cleaning (The snow either Dust are enemies of photovoltaic plates) as ensuring a more continuous production. Tromsø is not the first system of this type and, in fact, is inspired by the success of the 1,200 VPV units installed a few years ago at the Oslo Ullevaal Stadium. In addition, it is an easy installation to perform (it was installed, according to The company, in four days for three people) and the CEO of Over Easy Solar trusts that that of tromsøterminate is an example for other cities of extreme latitudes. Although, really, they are not only useful in these conditions and there are already those who explore this solution on roads or in the Agrovoltaic facilities. Scalability. In fact, Over Easy is performing tests in which they measure the production of vertical panels not in extreme areas: but in one of the paradises of the photovoltaic: Spain. In the video below we see how a cluster of these panels produces on a roof in Elche: And that is on a roof is interesting because a problem that solar panels can have is their measured weight in kg/m². A traditional panel can weigh Between 15 and 25 kg/m² taking into account both cells and structure, hardware and other units. The one installed in the trumsøterminalen has a weight of 11 kg/m², which facilitates both the assembly work and the being able to fill roofs with panels. Images | Over Easy In Xataka | Something unpublished has just happened in Norway: there are already more electric cars circulating in total than gasoline

Vigo’s elite has an island for her isolated from the rest of the city. Now risks that to change

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Maybe it’s not as famous as The Cíesbut Torralla It is also a unique island. In its own way, of course. More than its fauna and flora, this small insula of the southern coast of Galicia stands out for its legal situation. Although it is connected to Vigo’s coast through a 400 -meter bridge and in theory it must comply The Costas Lawin practice it is an impenetrable urbanization for most vigueses. At the end of the viaduct there are A garrita with a guard who restricts the passage to the interior of the island. The barrier only rises for the (scarce) residents, their guests and the researchers who work in the Marine Science Station (Ecimat), a space linked to the University of Vigo that premiered in 2006. Torralla is therefore a city within a city, a private and exclusive village available to its even more exclusive residents, including The business elite local. The country Precise that there are only 149 people censored there, although in good weather the number of residents multiplies. Two ways to visit her As access is closed to anyone outside the island, there are only two ways to get an idea of ​​what is inside. One is to cross the bridge and (without crossing the garrita), go down to one of the coves located on both sides of the catwalk, accessible from the 90s Thanks to a Supreme Judgment. The other (more comfortable) is to open Google Maps and notice In view of birds, internal roads, large gardens, chalets and swimming pools that are distributed throughout the island. Its most characteristic piece (and perhaps controversial) can be observed, however, from a good part of the vigués coast: a tower of 70 meters high and 21 plants Raised between the end of the 60 and the beginning of the 70s, during the boom of the developmentalism. In idealist it is possible to find The announcement of a floor of 120 square meters on the 18th plant sold for 620,000 euros. Another peculiarity of the island is that in practice it is intended as a Private condominium in which the City of Vigo barely has a presence: the basic services, such as lighting, water supply or maintenance of the vials are assumed by the neighborhood community, Precise The confidential. That Torralla is today an island of private use, an anomaly of the Galician coast, is greatly explained by Its complex story. Until the second third of the nineteenth century the island belonged to the Church, but after confiscation He went to the Marquis de Valladares. Since then it has changed ownership (in 1884 a prosperous factory came to rise there, Iberian string) until in the mid -60s it ended up under the control of a society, Torralla S. This episode was key to the future of the insula, which saw how in just a few years the bridge was built that connects it with the coast, the Huge residential tower and the thirty of exclusive chalets that are distributed by its surface, some with gardens and pools that arrive almost to the rocks where the sea breaks. In its day, the construction of a nine height and 120 meters long for 85 exclusive homes that met the frontal opposition of the city. “It goes against every idea not only landscape, but I am even afraid that the island sinks,” He came to iron In 1975 the then mayor, Joaquín García Picher. After an intense pull and loosen, three years later the Supreme Court proved him right and gave the judicial folder to the megaproject. Goodbye to privileges? Torralla has been hoarding for years headlines Because of its peculiar status, but a quick search arrives on Google to verify that its rhythm has increased exponentially in recent months. The reason is simple: if the government Fulfill your wordin not long residents could lose one of the privileges that have been retaining for several decades, being the only ones (except for Ecimat workers) who can enjoy the coast of the island. In June, during a visit to the neighboring beach of Samil, Minister Sara Aagesen, guaranteed that will defend “he toCceso to the public domain Maritime-terrestrial “in the area.” It has to be for public use and we are working on the definition of the project, we hope to have it just around the summer, “he insisted. Wednesday The confidential revealed That the government is already finalizing the project to achieve it, which in practice would go through lifting the garrita that prevents the passage of non -residents and recovering the public domain strip of the insula. To understand that effort you have to understand some keys before. The first, the status of the island. What Torralla SA has is a concession, an authorization of almost a century granted in the mid -60s and will not end Until 2064. In between, in the late 80s, the Government approved the Coastal Lawa regulation that regulates the public use of the coast and the one that right now does not adjust the Galician island. In fact, if the vigueses (and the rest of the visitors) can cross the bridge and sunbathe on the coves of the island located on their margins is not because of the hospitality of the SA, but by a sentence of the 90s that forced him to retract the garrita to the end of the catwalk, allowing his public access. The Coastal Law however demands something else. The norm includes a space of “Traffic servitude” that must respect a strip of six meters widean area in which “the construction of any installation is not authorized and should be left permanently expedited for pedestrian public use.” That is what Vigo aspires now with the support of the government: a perimeter walk of more than 1.5 km and at least six meters wide for which residents probably They will have to give land. With him they would achieve two objectives: to end decades of privileges and erase Torralla … Read more

2025 is the first year that the mobiles that include it are a minority

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2025 marks the year in which Mobile without headphones jack overcome those who preserve it for the first time. Of all the terminals presented until today, September 29, 61.6% of the new models dispenses with the connector compared to 38.4% that maintains it. The last quarter will no longer change that trend. It is the first year in which the proportion is invested after a decade of constant decline. In 2024 the figure was 51% without Jack. In 2015, just 0.8% of mobiles reached the market without it, according to figures we have accessed in the database of GSMARENA. The data. Progressive elimination has not been linear nor is it equally distributed among manufacturers: 726 mobile phones with Jack came out in 2015. Only 6 dispensed with him. In 2024 the figure was equated: 314 with Jack, 302 without him. Still advantage for the “with”. In 2025 we had 171 with Jack compared to 274 without him. The most pronounced fall has occurred in the last three years. Between the lines. The battle has not been lost by technical consensus, but by imposition. Apple led (which did not “start”) the offensive in 2016 with the iPhone 7. Others remained by imitation or by saving in components and internal space. The official argument was always the same: gain millimeters for larger batteries or make the devices more resistant to water. The real result has been another: to push users to Buy wireless headphonesa market that has grown exponentially. Yes, but. The mobiles that keep the jack are not all low range. Brands like Asus in his Rog Phone for Gamers Or Sony in some Xperia they keep it as a sales argument. Also Chinese manufacturers such as Xiaomi in specific models. EITHER Zte with a disturbing double Jack that has not served to encourage many sales. It is not a matter of technical capacity, but business decision. Manufacturers have calculated that the cost of losing nostalgic users is less than the benefit of pushing them to the wireless ecosystem. And now what. The extinction of the 3.5 mm jack is technical, but also strategic. Users who prefer the cable will have to settle for adapters, USB-C headphones or search in an increasingly reduced market. USB-C remains as an alternative with cable, but fragments the market: not all cable headphones work in all mobiles without converters. The industry has decided that the future is wireless. Not because it is better in all cases, but because it is more profitable. And that decision is no longer going back. In Xataka | I have wireless headphones of all types. None works as well as cable Outstanding image | Math

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