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This is the “danger zone” we enter after the massive death of corals

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The Earth has officially entered a grim new era. climate reality. According to a shocking new reportthe incessant increase in heat in the oceans has pushed the corals from around the world beyond its limit, causing a unprecedented large reef mortality because of this climate change. Something that is not good news at all. This event, according to scientists, marks the first climate tipping point we have passed as a planet, directly threatening the livelihoods of nearly a billion people. The report. This data has been collected in the “Global Tipping Points Report 2025”, prepared by an international consortium of more than 200 researchers. And the truth is that they are not at all positive, since they suggest that even in the most optimistic scenario, where global warming does not exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, practically all warm-water coral reefs will exceed a point of no return. This makes their loss “one of the most pressing ecological losses facing humanity,” although the disappearance of corals is only the tip of the iceberg. Experts point out that since 2023 we have witnessed how the temperature has increased more than 1.5 °C compared to the pre-industrial average. In this way, exceeding the 1.5 °C limit now seems quite inevitable and could occur around 2030, something that puts our planet on the brink of an abyss. What are ‘turning points’. These points are nothing more than critical thresholds. Once crossed, the climate system is pushed into a new paradigm, triggering effects that will go on in a chain. Specifically, we talk about events such as widespread death of the Amazon rainforestthe collapse of the Greenland ice sheets or the collapse of the circulation of Atlantic southern overturn (AMOC). The Amazon, in particular, is in a critical situation. The report warns that not only warming threatens the forest, but also the combination of this with deforestation. With 1.5°C warming, only 22% deforestation would be enough to reach its point of no return. The current figure is already at an alarming 17%. All is not lost. Despite the bleak outlook, the report identifies a silver lining, which is nothing more than a paradigm shift that, unlike the negative ones, triggers a cascade of beneficial changes. Since 2023, the world has seen very rapid progress in the adoption of clean technologies, especially in two key areas: velectric vehicles and photovoltaic solar energy. Accompanied by a drastic drop in battery prices, these factors are beginning to reinforce each other, accelerating the energy transition in a way that few anticipated. The problem. According to the report’s authors, it lies in governance systems. From national policies to multinational agreements, such as the from Pariswere not designed to address turning points. They are designed to manage gradual, linear changes, not abrupt, cascading collapses on multiple fronts at once. But these turning points are really threatening, so they point to a series of immediate actions to be taken in all countries to avoid a catastrophic situation. In this case they point to the following: Reduce emissions of short-lived pollutants such as methane and black carbon. Accelerate efforts to remove carbon from the atmosphere. Making global supply chains sustainable. Develop mitigation strategies for climate impacts. The message is clear and forceful: what we have done so far is not enough. Researchers urge not to look away. As Milkoreit concludes, “even having a reader have the courage to stay with the problem is work, and I want to recognize that work.” Images | quinguyen Chris LeBoutillier In Xataka | In the fight against climate change, we have developed the air conditioning revolution: ionocaloric cooling

Ukraine is basically a country made dron. So the war between humans has passed to an unpublished zone: underground

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Of all the realities that war in Ukraine is showing us, there is one that has no discussion: drones are The Trojan horse on which they are going to sustain war conflicts From now on. In Eastern Europe we are Seeing scenarios that until recently they were more typical of Fantastic literature than reality. The prominence is such that the battle between soldiers is no longer getting rid of the ground. It is getting rid underground. The war in the bowels. Yes, Kharkiv’s front is being the scene of an unexpected phenomenon: Russian soldiers tried infiltrate pipes of gas and water, crawling through ducts Underground to overcome the Oskil River and establish positions closer to Kupiansk. It’s about The third time in which this tactic appears since the beginning of the invasion, and is a new defensive challenge for Ukrainian forces, which have reacted flooding, damaging and fortifying several of these passages, aware that the pipes form an extensive and difficult network to control. kyiv’s General Staff officially confirmed that the pipes had been used, although it stressed that the city remains under Ukrainian control and that most accesses have already been closely neutralized or monitored. Pipes such as espionage routes. Kupiank’s case is not isolated. As We count thenlast March, Russian special forces toured almost fifteen kilometers through a gas pipeline in Sudzha to throw a blow against the Ukrainian rear in Kursk, an episode that Moscow celebrated As tactical successalthough it ended with the annihilation of much of the infiltrated team. In Avdiivka, at the beginning of 2024, Russian troops They drained a pipe Water service and adapted it as a underground route, opening exits every hundred meters to facilitate the advance. These maneuvers, which evoke command operations of other warsThey take advantage of the industrial and energy fabric of Ukraine, a country crossed by large gas pipelines that for decades were key to the European supply of Russian gas and that today, to a large extent, are underutilized. The Ukrainian response. Before this Unusual threatUkraine has deployed measures from Creative Military Engineering. In Kupiansk, teams of the 429th regiment of unmanned systems used explosives to damage the point where a pipe crossed with the Oskil, causing its flood. In addition, wire wire have been introduced inside some ducts, with Videos that show Booby-Traped passages designed to catch or dissuade intruders. Although the controls They recognize that Russia could try to repair or reuse these passages, ensure that surveillance is constant and that each attempt will be answered. This deployment reflects how Ukrainian defense is not only fought on the surface, with drones, armored or artillery, but also a subsoil turned into a new front. The expansion underground. Plus: The war in Ukraine had already shown An underground face in the catacombs of Mariupol or in the trenches of Bajmut, but the use of gas pipelines and pipes A different dimension: abandoned industrial corridors that now become improvised military tunnels in fear that drones do not allow surface advances. With a diameter of more than one meter in some cases, they allow the passage of equipped men and even basic supplies. Its extension, designed to transport up to 140,000 million cubic meters of gas per year, constitutes a potential battlefield which multiplies the possibilities of infiltration and forces Ukraine to allocate resources to unexpected land. The paradox is evident: the same infrastructure that once connected Europe with Russian energy today are Combat scenarios where the immediate security of cities and defensive positions is played. Strategic implications. He Use of pipes as penetration routes Confirm two things. On the one hand, that drones have transformed What we understood as a contest so far. On the other, the Russian ability to exploit any loophole in Ukrainian geography, even undergroundtogether with the need for kyiv to develop multilayer defenses that cover from the sky, saturated with drones, to subsoils, now traveled by soldiers crawling into the dark. Beyond the punctual efficacy, These tactics They highlight the plasticity of contemporary war, where each civil infrastructure can be militarized and where combat is fought in secondary dimensions. For military analysts, the battle of pipes in Ukraine anticipates a future in which the defense of a country will depend both on the surface that its population inhabits, plagued with swarms, as well as on the bowels that run through its industrial networks, now turned into unexpected war tunnels. Image | SERGEY KOLYASNIKOV In Xataka | In the Norwegian cold war he devised a plan underground to detain the Soviet. Invasion to Ukraine has reactivated it In Xataka | Russia has crowded a surprising blow to Ukraine: 100 soldiers walking for four days inside a gas pipeline

The maps that explain why Castilla y León have become the “zero zone” of forest fires

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The fires are a pressing problem every summer, but in the midst of the heat wave that shakes peninsular Spain, the problems derived from fire grow Without giving us breath. One of the areas most affected by fires is the northwest quadrant of the peninsula. Something that we can verify in a series of maps that show us the present and future risk of fire. Fire risk, from satellites. The Risk Management Service of Copernicus, the land observation system of the European Union, shows us on a map the Areas with greater risk of forest fires In the continent. The map shows the FWI fire meteorological risk index (Fire Weather Index), distinguishing areas with low, moderate, high, very high and very extreme risk. The map allows us to visualize the risk we face: a good part of the Northern Plateau, in addition to areas of the Cantabrian, Pyrenees, Galicia and other areas present in index greater than 2.5, which implies very extreme risk. Southern Europe, and beyond. The map covers not only peninsular and Balearic Islands, but also the rest of Europe and surrounding areas. In fact we can see in it that the very extreme risk situation extends not only to northern Portugal, also to most of the center and south of France. Other areas in this situation can be found in the Balkans, Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Austria and Hungary. Important anomalies are also indicated in Nordic countries, such as Sweden, Norway and Finland. A problem that will go worse. The Copernicus map covers this week together, from day 11 to 17. However we can resort to other maps that allow us to see the evolution of risk during the next few days, Fire risk maps of the State Meteorology Agency (Aemet). What these maps show us is not an invitation to optimism. Aemet fire risk forecast evolution on August 14, 15 and 16. State Meteorology Agency. The stain extends. The extreme risk today focuses on Andalusia, Extremadura, the west of Castilla y León, and the Pyrenees, as well as areas located in Galicia, Basque Country, Murcia and other communities. However, tomorrow this area under extreme risk will expand both in the peninsular northwest and in Extremadura, the Basque Country and Murcia. On Friday and Saturday the “red spot” will continue to grow. On Saturday, only specific areas on the coast and in mountainous areas will be fought from the very high or extreme risk. The devastation of a fire. In addition to risk maps, Copernicus also allows us to visualize the ravages that active fires have already caused. Example of this It is the fire of El Arenal, in Ávila, which has already affected almost 1,800 hectares of surface. In Xataka | In the middle of the fire, there is something that Spanish firefighters are very aware: the 30-30 rule Image | Copernicus / Aemet

install a nuclear reactor on the moon before China and Russia create its exclusion zone

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The Space race has warm upthis time in the heat of a nuclear reactor on the surface of the moon. And as already happened in the 60s, the urgency is not scientific, but fundamentally geopolitical. The Duffy directive. The break between Elon Musk and Donald Trump trunciated Jared Isaacman’s career as future NASA administrator. The current acting administrator of the Space Agency, Sean Duffy, is in turn Trump’s Secretary of Transportation, faithful to the priorities of the White House. In a movement that will mark the priorities of the agency, Duffy has launched an accelerated plan to build a small nuclear power plant on the moon. The directive urges NASA to have a satellite functional reactor by 2030. Why 2030. The main motivation is get ahead of the Chinese and Russia Alliance to build your own lunar reactor. “We are in a race towards the moon, a race with China. And to have a base on the moon, we need energy,” Duffy explained In a later press conference. The fear of Washington is explicit in the directive itself: “The first country to do so could declare an exclusion zone, which would significantly limit the United States for establishing the Presence of Artemis If I will not arrive first. “ A new plan. NASA was already working on a project called Fission Surface Power (FSP) with the intention of installing a 40 kW reactor on the surface of the moon at the beginning of the next decade. The new directive, published entirely By NASA Watch, raise the bet to a more efficient Bryton cycle turns and a minimum power of 100 kW. The dates are also more ambitious. The United States government requires NASA to be installed for the first 2030 quarter using a launch system of at least 15 tons of capacity. The reactor and all transportation logistics and installation will be open to the American private industry through a future public tender. More astronauts, less science. Nuclear energy will be crucial for any manned lunar base. The moon has a day and night cycle of approximately 29.5 terrestrial days, which means that any type of lunar colony faces two weeks of icy darkness. Solar energy is unfeasible to feed the life support equipment and heating that will keep astronauts alive. A fission reactor, on the other hand, would provide a constant and reliable source of energy. This Directive is the first important movement of Sean Duffy as an acting administrator, and reflects the change of course that began the 2026 Budgets of the White House: an increase in the funds for human exploration of deep space, especially if they can prevent China from getting to Marsand cuts of up to 50% in purely scientific areasincluding many of the probes that study the solar system. In Xataka | The United States was going to send the first woman to the moon. China is getting it more and more difficult

The intestine has a “golden rich zone.” And if we often default out of it you have to pay attention

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Making peanut is a intestine health thermometer. So much that in Australia they encourage employees do your things at work. It is a moment that We can take even to read or to do Infinite scroll on mobile (Even for Share the site in which we are making poop), but also one that we should pay more attention. The reason is that the time and frequency are details that say a lot about our long -term health. Cause or consequence? Throughout the years different investigations have been carried out on the importance of defecation as such, but also about the ideal time to do sothe frequency of the same and the shape, size and texture that They should have The Depositions. Studies have been carried out that linked the constipation with a higher risk of infections and diarrhea Chronicle with neurodegenerative diseases. However, these observations were made in subjects who already had some disease, so it had to be found out if the intestinal problem was a cause or the consequence. As science is not done alone, a team from Institute for Systems Biology He took the front to answer that question. The study. In it studyresearchers are Gibbons and Johannes Johnson-Martinez analyzed the clinical, genetic, microbiological and lifestyle variables of 1,400 healthy adults. Something that the subjects had to detail was the frequency of the depositions, which would be classified as follows: One or twice a week – constipation. Three to six times a week – Low frequency. One to three times a day – normal frequency. More than three times a day – Diarrhea. “Gold rich zone”. The researchers realized that the people who reported eating a diet rich in fiber, exercised regularly and had good hydration, had a good intestinal movement. In a display of scientific humor, they baptized this as “the golden rich zone”, which becomes a frequency of intestinal movement between one and two daily stories. That is the point where, according to researchers, the balance between microbiome and physiological markers is optimal. Therefore, the optimal frequency is between one and twice daily, but it is not always the case and, when there is an imbalance is when the problems begin inside. Ideal form of feces: Type 3 and 4 More serious than it seems. Johnson-Martinez comments that “if the feces remain too long in the intestine, microbes exhaust all available dietary fiber, something that normally ferment to produce short-chain fatty acids beneficial for health. If this occurs, the ecosystem changes and begins to ferment proteins, which generates several toxins that can reach the bloodstream.” These by-products of the fermentation of protein filtered to the bloodstream, such as the sulfate p-rresol and the Indexil Sulfate, pass to the kidneys, causing damage in case of constipation. If, on the contrary, diarrhea occurs, feces practically do not go through the intestine, causing clinical parameters related to liver damage. That is: with constipation, the kidneys suffer. With diarrhea, the liver. Chivato. Gibbons comments that chronic constipation, which we have just seen what effects they produce, has been associated with neurodegenerative disorders and the chronic progression of kidney diseases. What is missing is to define whether that anomaly in the intestinal movement is an early warning of a chronic disease or damage to the organs. Now, the study also explores how this frequency of the intestinal movement is also related to the Anxiety and depressionrelating mental health to deposits. The researchers comment that it has been possible to link the frequency of the depositions with all body systems and how is something that can be a risk factor in the Chronic disease development. His hope is that medicine be taken seriously to “optimize health and well -being, even healthy populations, based on the frequency of intestinal movement.” And some drawer is that, if we have no problem, we should not hold the desire or force it, because we reduce and artificially increase the time that the feces are in the intestine Study feces. There is an important detail that must be taken into account: to have a different frequency from that of one/twice daily can be normal. The problem is when it becomes chronic. That is when we should ask ourselves what is happening. There may be a health problem, but also that we have a low diet in fiber from fruit and vegetables. It is logical, but food and Our lifestyle It is something inseparable from our feces. In addition, throwing an eye from time to time is not a bad idea because it is a free intestinal health test. Also You can scan your poop with an app that analyzes it thanks to the AI. The time, matters. Being in the “golden rich zone” is relevant, but previous studies also explored the idea that the moment we make peanut is also. Studies prepared in 2020 and 2022 They related circadian rhythms to gastrointestinal activity. At night, intestinal activity decreases significantly, but during the day, especially after waking us or eating, there is greater mobility. An optimal moment is half an hour after awakening, since the colon is activated after nighttime rest, but defecating later of that moment does not imply that something goes wrong because there is some flexibility in the matter. Images | Cabot Health, Bristol StooS Chart, Sincelely media In Xataka | Everest has become a feces. Solution: That all mountaineers carry their own in bags

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