years

A superstructure of more than one billion light years

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Almost a third of all the galaxies that we can observe in the universe are grouped into five structures of an unimaginable scale. Astronomers have just discovered the greatest of all. With more than one billion light years in diameter, Quipu is the largest supplies ever discovered. A super -as -called Quipu. Quipu is A galactic supercumulus of 1.3 billion light years (more than 400 megapatscs) with an estimated mass of 2 × 10¹⁷ solar masses, about 200 four times more massive than the sun. The pantagruélica structure has been baptized as quipu in honor of the strings and knots system of the Incas. The Inca wove wool threads making knots in different ways to count or transcribe messages, such as those that scientists begin to decipher in the filaments and ramifications of these cosmic superstructures. The cosmic network of matter. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is part of the local group along with its neighbor Andromeda, the triangle galaxy and numerous satellite galaxies. The local group, in turn, is part of a large collection of clusters called the Galactic Super Cumulus of Virgo. At the same time, Virgo’s supercumulus is within a gigantic filamentous structure called Laniakea. Laniakea contains approximately 100,000 galaxies and extends over 520 million light years. Thus, as the scale increases, the matter of the universe is weaving a cosmic network that astronomers are trying to capture on a map. Five superstructures. An international astronomer team located in Germany, South Africa and Spain has made The first study at a global scale of the biggest structures of the universe. Using galaxies clusters observed in X -rays By the Classix Cluster Survey, the researchers identified five especially prominent superstructures. In addition to Quipu, they found Shaley, Serpens-Corona Borealis, Hercules and Sculptor-Pasus. These five superstructures group approximately 30% of the galaxies and 25% of the matter of the universe, occupying 13% of the total volume. Its small lateral ramifications visually evoke the knots of a quipu, which somehow encode crucial information on the formation and evolution of the cosmos. Quipu’s influence. Immense concentrations of mass such as Quipu are fundamental to understand how the network of matter is weaved in the cosmos and why there are discrepancies between the Hubble constant, which measures the expansion of the universe, and the speed at which the galaxies are separated. Quipu’s enormous mass exerts a significant impact. Its severity is so great that it can be inducing peculiar movements in the galaxies, as well as distortions in the microwave background radiation, a very weak electromagnetic echo from the Big Bang. Image | Max Planck Institute In Xataka | The Incas did not need writing to forge an empire. And we are closer to solving the key object in your organization

The extreme cold has not touched Spain for two years and experts fear that we are about to see a third. With all that implies

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Spring is just around the corner and, we like it or not, this means that we can start drawing conclusions. The first is that every minute that passes is more likely to finish winter without seeing any “cold wave.” And that is not even what most worries meteorologists. Because the real problem is that it would be the second consecutive winter without cold waves and a third would be at hand. With all that this entails. Isn’t it a bit precipitated to give the winter for dead? The truth is not. Although this week an extremely cold mass of air will cover a good part of Europe, Spain will escape from it. And on March 1 (which is when climate spring begins) is very close to be able to house realistic hopes about an extreme cold episode. And, in the background, what we are going to see this week summarizes very well what has been going on two winters: we have not suffered powerful cold irruptions. They have all stayed north. It is a story that is repeated again and again. But it’s not so weird either, right? That is true. The cold episodes become more and more rare in Spain. In fact, this January can only be described as very warm (Although we have suffered a handful of cold nights). A example that Roberto Granda puts It is that of Molina de Aragón. The average minimum between 1991 and 2020 is -3.3º, but this year it has been at -0.3. The data speak for themselves. In the end, As I pointed out A few years ago our partner Javier Pastor, “is not that it is very cold now, it is that we do not do it because it is no longer so common.” With this in mind, the question begins to be … how long can this last? “Unusual and worrying.” That is, what would happen if the winter of 2026 is still on the same line? The answer, According to Samuel Biener de Meteoredit is summarized in those two words: “Unusual and worrying.” Because we have documented other consecutive warm winters (those of 97 and 98, those of 2000 and 2001 or those of 2023 and 14); But we have not seen three consecutive yet. And we know it will arrive. Because, As Biener points outwarm winters are being increasingly frequent. It is a matter of time that we fit three. And what is the problem? More than a problem (that too), we talk about a fear: that warm winters stop being an anomaly and become the norm. That change is a large-scale disruption of the country’s socio-ecological system. It is no accident that, a few months after the drought, The data begin to be so bad. Again. Not only climatic pressures They hit us stronger than everthe thing is They don’t let us replenish. And that will lead us to the edge of the precipice again and again. Yes it’s true. The current climate is full of paradoxes: Historical ice minimums live with snow maximumstudies on The weakening of the Gulf current They coexist with others that point to nothing has changed in substantial terms and thus a long etcetera. However, there is something that Yes we know is that we are vulnerable And if we don’t prepare ourselves, Let’s be much more. Image | ECMWF In Xataka | Spain faces the driest climate in its last 1,200 years. The fault is the Azores Islands

15 years ago, a forest engineer decided to grow sponges in Galicia. The war against plastic has ended up giving him right

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In the mid -90s, Juan Carlos Mascato finished studying forest sciences in Hamburg and enrolled in a company in the area. He was lucky: of all the things that company could have needed, he needed someone to speak Spanish, someone to send to Paraguay. It was then that he met the Lugfa and began his crusade against the plastic. Today is the largest producer in Europe in the sponges and natural scourers. And all from a small town in Pontevedra. What is the LUFFA? The LUFFAS are a genus of plants slightly related to pumpkins, cucumbers and melons. In fact, in Southeast Asia is a Very popular food as long as they are collected soon. Otherwise it becomes too fibrous to be consumed. So fibrous that, duly processed, they can be used as exfoliating sponges. For centuries, this type of vegetables (or some of its variants) were widely used and were among the crops of any orchard that would be precious. But the irruption of plastic from the 40s sent them to the drawer of history. Until now what THE WAR OF THE PLASTICS They have returned them to the first line. And what does the European Luffa giant do in Caldas de Reis? It is an excellent question. As Silvia Rodríguez explained in the countrythe clearest reason is that the Mascato family (of German mother, but Father Gallego) had a farm available in a town with a very particular climate that made it a good candidate to try subtropical crops: Caldas. Chance does not end there, of course. Because the processing of the LUFFA includes a fermentation phase in which the hot springs of the Gallego municipality fit as a ring to the finger. No one is a prophet in their land … And in this case it doesn’t happen either. Because the truth is that Iberian vegetable sponges It is little known here in the country. Of the 200,000 sponges that manufacture a year, only 10% stay in Spain. The rest goes to countries such as Korea, Taiwan, New Zealand, Sweden, Finland, Norwegian or East next … Right now, the company works on an online marketing project in Germany and expanding its productive infrastructure to the US. What sponges can teach us. Because although the story is already very interesting, there is something that really crucial: that for decades we have despised many traditional solutions simply because they were. And that is a mistake. This was made clear in 2015 Karolinska Institute of Stockholm when granted your youyou The Nobel Prize in Medicine. Many interpreted him as a prize for traditional Chinese medicine, but it was not accurate: your feat was incredible. Since 1965, your youyou It was analyzing thoroughly Each and every one of the remedies that the millenary Chinese civilization had been selecting. And, indeed, most pure superstition, pseudoscience and placebo. However, he found the Artemisininea revolutionary treatment against malaria. Rethink the past. This is an example of the book that if we approach us with an open (but rigorous) look at the technological history of humanity, we can find really creative solutions to the problems of our day to day. In the middle of a world invaded by plastics, natural sponges are an excellent example. Image | Jan Helbrant | Tony Buser In Xataka | How an idea can model societies with hundreds of millions of people almost 1000 years later: Schultz’s hypothesis

We have dedicated six years to process images of a black hole to reach a conclusion: Einstein was right

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Several years have passed since the Telescope of the Event Horizon (EHT) published the famous first image of a black holetaken in 2017. The photo has yes doquestioned by some researchersbut the EHT last year published a second image of the black hole M87*, taken in 2018. The new photo not only validated the original, but once again corroborates the Einstein’s general relativity theory. The largest radio telescope. To obtain the image of the black hole in the center of the Messier 87 galaxy, we needed to build a radio telescope about 10,000 kilometers in diameter. Since the land has a diameter of 13,000, the EHT took a more reasonable path: Extract data from different receptors, telescopes and radio antennas from all over the world and combine them by interferometry. The EHT produced 250 Petabytes of information in a one -week interval. It took a couple of years to process all the information and publish an image. But first, he added a new telescope to the project (the GLT of Greenland) and took the second image of M87* that saw the light in 2024. Six years processing. The second image of the black hole M87*, taken a year and ten days after the original, in April 2018, took six to process and publish, but it was worth it. On the one hand, proves that 2017’s observations were fine. The Persistence of the size of the central shadow In both images confirms the original estimate of the dimensions of the black hole, dissipating the criticisms about the simulations dependence to calculate this data. On the other, comparing the two images shows that the ring of matter around the black hole is rotating as expected. The brightest part has moved 30 degrees, which is consistent with the models of the hole. We are seeing what Einstein predicted. Located 55 million light years from us, M87* is a supermassive black hole in the center of an elliptical galaxy that manipulates the subject with its magnetic fields and expels the one that does not consume at speeds close to that of light. The image of 2018, like its predecessor of 2017, reflects this tumultuous activity with a bright ring around it. This validates the theory that the diameter of the event horizon, and therefore that of the black hole itself, is intrinsically linked to its mass, framing a central shadow that Albert Einstein’s equations predicted more than a century ago. Why it looks like a donut. That brilliant donut called accretion disc should be very fine, but we get very dispersed and unemployed. Throughout the trip he has made through space, his light has dispersed by the dust in interstellar space, which leads us to see it in this way. Despite the dispersion, the image is clear enough to confirm not only Black hole rotation but also the alignment of its rotational axis with a powerful stream of material (“relativistic jet”) that moves away from M87. The importance of reproducing results. Although it will take six years to arrive, this vindic confirmation the findings of the EHT and is seen as a milestone for global scientific collaboration, in addition to a robust confirmation that we are facing the shadow of a black hole and the matter that orbit it. Future data analysis will help better understand how magnetic fields and plasma flows within the accretion disc interact. In the next decade, we could even have videos of the evolution of M87* in time thanks to the next generation program of the EHT (NGEHT), which promises images of greater resolution and a broader range of frequencies. All thanks to the collaboration of observatories from all over the world. Image | Event horizon telescope In Xataka | A group of astrophysics has knocked down Kerr’s hypothesis. Black holes are still a source of surprises In Xataka | There is water since the beginning of time: NASA has found 140 billion oceans to 12,000 million light years *An earlier version of this article was published in February 2024

China has been cutting its technology for years. Xi Jiping has just opened the door for that to change

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Jack Ma, “The Jeff Bezos de China”, It seemed to go directly to stardom. And what happened is that he crashed when he tried to launch Ant Financial Its alleged Fintech of 150,000 million dollars. Or rather, Xi Jinping, the Chinese president who made clear Who was commanded. Ma finished practically missing in actionbut now it has just appeared in an event with Jinping and other great executives of Chinese technology companies. That this happens is as surprising as it is interesting. XI Jinping Meeting with Technological Capos “in China. As they point out In Bloombergthe Chinese president presided on Monday a meeting in which several entrepreneurs and managers of large Chinese technology companies participated. Among them, of course, the presence of Jack Ma, co -founder of Alibaba – and who left the position of CEO in 2019 – that for the first time in years went to an event of this caliber. The major flat. The event was also attended among Ren Zhengfei (Founder and CEO of Huawei), Wang Chuanfu (Founder and CEO of Byd), Pony Ma (CEO of Tencent), Lei Jun (co -founder and CEO of Xiaomi), Wang Xing (CoFundador and CEO from Meituan) or Wang Xingxing (CEO of Unitree Robotics). Apparently nor Robin Li (CEO of Baidu) Ni Yiming Zhang (CEO of Bytedance) went to that event. During the event, they point out in The New York Times, XI asked these entrepreneurs to have the “ambition to serve the country.” And also the richest. The 2024 Forbes list With the richest people in China, it demonstrates that the technological and automobile sector is especially notable in terms of presence. Thus, if we search that list to the personalities of the technological segment in China we see many examples (with its position in that list in parentheses): Pony Ma (Aliaba) (2) Zhang Yiming (bytedance) (3) Colin Huang (Temu/Shein) (4) Robin Zeng (catl) (5) William ding (netease) (7) Jack Ma (ex-alibaba) (8) Wang Chuanfu (Byd) (9) Lei Jun (Xiaomi) (10) Those fortunes, of course, are far from the great fortunes that dominate the Forbes list globally. Thus, Pony Ma, the second greatest fortune in China, is the fortune 57 of the world. Lei Jun, in the 10th position of ranking in China, is 195 in the global ranking. More love for private companies. The meeting seems to point to a possible change in attitude on the part of the Chinese government, which in recent years has left the great Chinese technology act, but always making it clear who sent. AI can have a lot to do. The moment in which the meeting occurs coincides with the rapid development of AI models created by startups and Chinese companies. The actions of these companies have shown the renewed interest in the great Chinese technology: Tencent, who has just offered Deepseek R1 in Wechat, He marked The price record in the Chinese stock market in the last four years. China became hard with its technology. Ma ended up scalding after the terrible episode lived with Ant Group Co., and other executives seemed to learn the lesson. The government campaign launched at that time was responsible for reinforcing state control over the economy and stopping Chinese billionaires. The objective: to reorient resources towards the priorities of XI, such as national security and technological self -sufficiency. Closer to Xi Jinping’s policies. Since then Chinese technology companies have been much more aligned with the philosophy of Chinese president. Thus, the AI ​​models developed by some of these companies must first receive the approval of the government to be able to deploy and use in the country. More tolerance for private. In recent times Beijing has been softening its restrictive policies against Chinese private companies: Qwen, Alibaba’s model, is demonstrating the increasing relevance of the company in this field, but even Apple is managing to include its Apple Intelligence platform On the iPhone in China thanks to their agreements precisely with Alibaba. Chinese Millanoriocracy. In the US we are seeing how the great technological fortunes are aligned with Trump and yield to their policies or even drive them, as is the case of Elon Musk, the richest man in the world today. Chinese magnates have been aligned with Xi Jinping even longer. The influence of the Chinese government on the march of the country’s companies is even clearer and the AI ​​rise is probably the engine of this “repositioning.” His strategic value is evident, and the Chinese president now seems to want to give more margin of maneuver to private companies that are allowing him to compete in better conditions with his great rival, United States. Image | Global panorama In Xataka | Choose between security and survival: the dilemma that terrifies the CEO of Anthropic in the US and China AI war

The northern hemisphere has the highest snow extension of the last 20 years. In Spain that sounds like science fiction

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While the extension of Arctic Ice was in January the second lowest Since there are satellite data, snow is giving a surprise. According to the NOAAsnow levels in the northern hemisphere are the highest in 20 years. Although the truth is that Europe (even less in Spain) we are not noticing it. What about snow in the northern hemisphere? It is soon to know. As we knowthere are many descriptors of winter in the hemisphere that may seem inconsistent with each other, but that are only a sample of the enormous climate complexity of the earth. As with Any extraordinary event (And, of course, this amount of snow is) now it remains a whole series of analysis to know what is behind and what we can expect in the coming years. So much to Nevado? So we know more detailed analysis, the increase in snow extension It is mainly due to the strong snowfall that were in early February in Asia and North America. Especially, a huge snowstorm that lasted a week caused many problems In Russia in general and In the distant this Russian in particular. In the US and Canada too They are having more Normal Snowbut the Russian storm is the key push for these historical records. And in Spain? On our side, the extension of snow in Europe is below the average. And, as a result that snowfalls are becoming more irregular, higher levels, Spain is even worse. In the Cantabrian Mountains, for example, We are at 72.6 hm³ Faced with the average of 250. In the Pyrenees, 764 compared to 1400 of the average of the last 10 years. On the other hand, the central and Iberian systems accumulate about 5 hm³ compared to 50 on average. The only one Discordant note is Sierra Nevada: The surroundings of the most southern ski resort in Europe has 12.7 hm³. That is, not only is it twice as the central mountain ranges, but almost exactly the same amount of snow as in the average of the last decade. Little snow … For now. As Nacho Espinos explained in Meteored“just 7% of the mountainous surface in Spain” is covered with snow. In aggregate terms, there are 1,160.9 hm³ of snow compared to 2,000 average. Of course, we will have to wait to see how the year ends: in the 2023/2024 season, the great snow peak came between March and April. And, honestly, time is unpredictable that (despite the “advanced spring” we are living) any scenario is reasonable. Image | NOAA | Joan Oger In Xataka | Snowing stations at the end of the century: the most pessimistic models show what could happen in our high mountain

Marijuana was for years one of the most potential industries in the United States. Now has entered Barrena

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HE Curves come For him cannabis sector In the United States. Curved and slippery curves that will make it difficult for companies focused on that market for two reasons, both equally challenging. One is the imminent expiration of debt they face and that some experts encrypt in 6,000 million dollars. The other is The legal framework in which they are forced to operate, a context that deprives them of some of the advantages and facilities that companies in other sectors do in trouble. There are those who already talk about bubble burst of cannabis in the US and fears that a bankruptcy waterfall now arrives. A sector in trouble. There are no quiet times for the American cannabis industry, forced to deal with a series of challenges, including financing, debt expiration and laws. Bloomberg explains in A broad analysis which is summarized in a single sentence: companies in the sector face the need to deal with a millmillionary debt without the ‘Legal oxygen ball that they would have if their activity were another. What does that mean? That because of the nature of his merchandise, cannabis, which It is still illegal In the eyes of the federal administration, companies in the sector face a particularly vulnerable situation when they have to deal with their creditors. Most businesses can resort to the bankruptcy court and shield themselves to renegotiate their debt; But like Remember From the firm Harris Beach Murtha, the companies dedicated to cannabis do not usually enjoy the protection of the US bankruptcy code. “To date, US courts have been reluctant to administer bankrupt confirm In Fox Rothschild. “Virtually all bankruptcy cases involving a restructuring or sale of cannabis -related entities Controlled Substances Lawthe CSA “. A figure: 6,000 million. This handicap, derived from the legal status of its merchandise at the federal level, is important right now because the sector faces the perspective of having to deal with a quite considerable debt in not much time. According to the calculations Shared with Bloomberg By Beau Whitney, chief economist of Whitney Economicsnext year will overcome a debt of up to 6,000 million dollars. And the figure includes only the largest companies in the sector, those that operate in several states. And two percentages: 42 and 27%. That default figure (6,000 million dollars) is bulky, but alone it does not say much. If it is so important, it is because it catches the sector at a complex moment in which at least part of the industry has not yet managed to market legal marijuana a stable business. Whitney handles A couple of data They help to understand it: if in 2022 more than 42% of distributors claimed to have obtained benefits, last year that percentage had been reduced to 27%. They are figures from the past, but as Bloomberg requires They talk to us of the future of the sector: part of those companies that have not yet been able to consolidate will probably end up broken. Others will have no choice but to sit with their creditors in a scenario that is not favorable. “The refinancing of this cycle will be carried out at much higher interest rates and companies will not have the cash flow to manage it,” confirms the economistwhich speaks of “a huge debt bubble.” What is the legal scenario? Marijuana Policy Project (MPP), an US organization dedicated to promoting legalization, explains it clearly: “Although the vast majority of states have reformed the laws on cannabis, the position of the federal government has remained practically unchanged since the early 70s. Except for rare circumstances, at the federal level marijuana and its products are illegal and They are subject to the application of the criminal law. “ Despite this federal framework, MPP remembers that “state governments record and regulate the production and sales of cannabis.” Right now There are states in which it allows the consumption of marijuana for medical but not recreational purposes, others that have legalized both uses and also certain territories in which it is totally illegal. In A plane in which the regulatory framework of each of the states at the beginning of this year, the American Nonsmoker´s Rights Foundation (ANRF) calculated that there are 39 in which smoking is allowed at least for medicinal purposes. Looking to the future. The result of this difference in criteria between the Federal Administration and the states themselves derives in a complex scenario, Recognize MPPin which a person “can fulfill a set of laws on marijuana and at the same time violate another.” Until now the federal government has not considered that state regulations shock with the Supreme clause which is pronounced in its favor in the Constitution, which is explained in part because the cultivation and sale falls on private companies. Last year the Department of Justice He moved file For marijuana to be classified as a less dangerous substance, which would have direct effects on companies in the sector, reducing their expenses and favoring that many are “profitable”according to the industry itself. With the change of government and the arrival of Donald Trump to the White House (and his New prosecutor, Pam Bondi) An unknown is now opened. And what are the figures? Apart from the legal framework, the 6,000 million debt about to defeat calculated by Whitney They tell us about something else: the weight and implementation that has reached the sector in the US. Pew Research Center data show that eight out of 10 Americans (79% of the population, to be exact) have at least one store where they can buy marijuana in their county. Moreover, the same study center calculates that 54% of Americans He lives in a state that allows the recreational use of marijuana and around 15,000 dispensaries are distributed throughout the US, especially common on the west and northwest and points like Michigan or Oklahoma. The Flowhub firm in fact indicates that the legal cannabis industry is directly related to 440,400 jobs full -time and that in … Read more

Some beavers have built a dam that had been postponed for seven years

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While in Spain we have A kind of rural thriller With the appearance of very particular animals for the country’s rivers, there are other stories that tell the importance of this family of creatures In the ecosystem around the floods and settlements of civilizations. We refer to the beavers and Your ability to build natural dams that helped moderate the force of floods. His last work has raised them. A paralyzed project. For seven years, the Government authorities of the BRDY region in the Czech Republic tried to carry out A project to build a dam on the Klabava Riverlocated about 40 kilometers southwest of Prague. Its purpose was to protect the local ecosystem, especially to a kind of crab in critical danger of extinctionpreventing sediments and acid from two nearby ponds from contaminating the river. However, the project, Approved in 2018 with more than one million dollars in financing and with all the necessary permits, it was paralyzed Due to prolonged negotiations on the use of land that had previously served as a military training field. And then the beavers arrived. Beesters to the rescue. While bureaucracy delayed construction, a group of beavers advanced to humans and, without waiting for permits or studies, built a series of dams naturally. His intervention not only solved the problem by which the authorities had planned the dam, but also expanded the wetland area to almost 20,000 square meterstwice what engineers had projected. It is not a trivial event. We are talking about a spontaneous work of creatures that saved the authorities approximately 1.2 million eurosas reported The Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic. Natural engineers. As we said at the beginning, beavers are known for Its extraordinary construction and landscape modification capacity. To build their dams, they begin by placing small stones in the riverbed, compacting them with mud and repeating the process to form a pond, a space that Then they expand to create a wetland. Why do the hell do this? Researchers believe that Your main motivation is security: They are excellent swimmers capable of enduring up to 15 minutes underwater, but on land they are quite clumsy and vulnerable to predators such as bears, wolves and pumas. In this way, building an aquatic habitat allows them to take refuge from any threat. And it is not the first time. Surprisingly, the case of the Czech Republic is not the first in which animals have taken the initiative in conservation projects. In California, the beavers helped Restore a flood plain to the northeastern Sacramentogenerating ecological benefits and Saving money to the authorities. And in Idaho, After the Sharps fire, the areas where there were beavers were intact and greenwhile the surroundings were devastated. In places where its introduction is prohibited, as in some areas of California, groups such as the Yurok tribe They have begun to build structures that imitate the dikes of Castores to attract them naturally and take advantage of their benefits. In Oregon, scientists discovered that Castor’s dams They leaked heavy metals and contaminants with double efficacy that an expensive stormwater treatment plant. The “but”. However, and As we have counted recently in Spaindespite their enormous contribution to the regeneration of ecosystems, the beavers are often seen as a discomfort due to the damage that causes trees and crops, as well as the possibility of flooding fields and roads. The resurgence of the beavers. Eurasian beavers were hunted almost until extinction in Europe, but they have been reintroduced in several regions, including the Czech Republic. Scientist journalist Ben Goldfarb, author of Eager: The Surprising, Secret Life of Beavers and Why They Matterstressed that beavers have helped humanity for centuries, and that the recent history of the Czech Republic is a sign of how these animals can solve environmental problems efficiently. He had National Geographic Gerhard Schwabexpert in beales in Bavaria, who is not surprised at the effectiveness of rodents, although he doubts that the ” last January. However, it recognizes its extraordinary ability to transform the landscape and modify the flow of water. The conservation dilemma. It is possibly the last of the legs to deal with these creatures. Despite its impressive engineering capacity, the unpredictability of the beavers represents a challenge for conservation projects. In this regard, He explained to New York Times Emily FairfaxProfessor of Ecology at the University of Minnesot Its constructions cannot be planned with precision and many times they are considered an invasive species. It is possible, therefore, that this tendency to underestimate its positive impact has led to their actions to go unnoticed or directly ignored in the planning of environmental projects. That said, more and more studies and specific cases show that His role in wetland restoration is invaluable. Allowing these creatures to act freely, instead of intervening with artificial and expensive solutions, could represent a natural and sustainable alternative for the conservation of water ecosystems. Image | Timothy G. Lumley In Xataka | After missing centuries, there are people letting goals for the Tajo and other rivers in Spain. The problem is that we don’t know who

“China has been in the electric car for ten years”

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Year 2017, Ford announces that it will invest 4.5 billion dollars to completely transform the brand. The year and Mark Fields have just begun, then CEO of the company, confirmed that they would invest in electric cars and completely autonomous driving. In five years would launch 13 more or less electrified models And in 2021 they would have a completely autonomous car in the market. Just a few months later, Tesla’s price (then raising the launch of Tesla Model 3) surpassed Ford. Undoubtedly, the strength of Elon Musk’s had pressed a company with more than a hundred years behind him and responsible for launching the First big mass car in their country to invest strongly in a completely foreign technology for them. We are in 2025, Ford has launched the market Ford Mustang Mach-Ehe Ford F-150 Lightning (an electric pick-up) in the United States and, recently, the Ford Explorer and the Ford Capricars that are actually different bodies of the same vehicle. With fewer spotlights, the Electric Ford Puma. In addition, they have decided leave the company in two in what they have called Ford Model E (electric and software) and Ford Blue (combustion). The idea is to function as a rocker and that the weight that now falls to Ford Blue is balanced until falling on the side of Model E in a transfer of powers of combustion to the electric. All that strategy, however, does not go through a good time. Jim Farley is now the Ford CEO and has strong opinions about the moment the company is living. Burning 2,000 million dollars It is the cost to be paid for a strategy that is not working. In the last presentation of results, Farley has confirmed that the company provides a decrease in the expected benefits of 2,000 million dollars. Collect in Bloomberg that in 2025 do not expect benefits (before tax) above 8,500 million dollars and that could be below 8,000 million dollars, far from the 10.200 million dollars collected in this item in 2024. Since last summer , the company’s actions have suffered a hard adjustment, losing its value more than 35%, as a consequence of the bad expectations collected with each new report. Ford has to face a market, that of the electric car, where the margins of benefits are scarce or have vanished given the sales volumes with which these companies work. But, in addition, its CEO ensures that the cars they like in the United States are the opposite of what an electric car should be. They are clients who “have very demanding cases for an electric vehicle. They tow, drive out of the road, make long road trips. These vehicles have worse aerodynamics and are very heavy, which means Very large and expensive batteries“, Farley says that It is not the first time which points to large vehicles are a problem for electrical technology. In fact, this approach is those that have cost 1.9 billion euros to the company. In full fever from the gigantic electric car, Ford launched a seven -seater electric explorer. The car should fight with the great American SUVs from electrical technology. Last summer of 2024, Ford confirmed that he canceled that development and that he would not launch the car to the market because there was no demand. Since then, the company’s CEO ensures that this type of cars need gigantic batteries, very expensive to produce and more complicated to make profitable. That is why the intention is to sell the smallest possible electric cars. The problem is that the company itself has decided to start the house for cars such as the Ford Mustang Mach-E or the Ford F-150 Lightning. Rest in peace the Ford Electric Explorer of seven seats. The other alternative is directly Learn from China. The Asian country has managed to position itself as the most leading country in this technology and, in fact, Farley himself has been the first to praise his way of working and in Confirm that Ford is shining His cars to understand how they got their competitive advantage. In words a The New York TimesFarley said that China is 10 years ahead in the manufacture of batteries which gives them a strategically more advanced position and, therefore, do not have to face the enormous economic difficulties facing companies such as yours. To this Chinese competition, American car manufacturers have now to face a possible commercial war that could seriously increase their products. The Ford Mustang Mach-E, for example, is also manufactured in Mexico and must be taken into account that Steel and aluminum tariffs They will also end up uploading the final price of the product. Regulatory changes that have not been contemplated in the last presentation of results. Ford’s hopes are put in BlueOval Citya huge factory that has cost 5,600 Millions of dollarsdesigned in 2021 and subsequently projected under the umbrella of the Inflation reduction law by Joe Biden. A program that, now, is in the air with the arrival of Donald Trump to power. With that program they hope to produce batteries at lower cost in the coming years. However, Farley is clear: in China they have been in China to the United States and, at the moment, there is no American company that can match in benefits and load time the batteries of Catl. Photo | Ford In Xataka | Ford is clear that the future of the European car is electric. And also that you will say goodbye to 4,000 employees for it

The companies of AI have been jumping the copyright for years. They have just suffered a disturbing legal defeat

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Thomson Reuters He has won The first important case against AI in the United States. This legal victory can end up being an important precedent in an open war that exists between generative companies and human creators and content creative companies. When chatgpt or existed. One of the curiosities of the case is that the demand arrived in 2020, even before the revolution created by Chatgpt and other generative AI models occurred. At that time Thomson Reuters demanded the startup of the so -called Ross Intelligence. According to them, the company had reproduced material from its legal research division, called Westlaw. The judge, inflexible. As they explain In Wiredthe defense arguments did not convince Judge Stephanos Bibas, of the Court of the District of Delaware. In his sentence he indicated that “none of Ross’s possible defenses is sustained. I reject them all.” Fair use, nothing. Normally IA companies are shielded in the doctrine of fair use (“Fair Use”). This legal criterion maintains that limited use of protected material is allowed without needing permission from the owner of those rights. As explained in Wiredel, four factors are analyzed: the reasons for creating the work, its nature (if it is an essay, a poem, a private letter), the amount of material used, and how that use impacts the market value of the original. Be careful for what copies. Thomson Reuters won two of those analyzes, but the fourth was for Judge Bibas the most important, because Ross “wanted to octize with Westlaw developing a substitute for the market.” That is: they were copied to try to compete with them in the same market. A precedent with a problem. Curiously Ross Intelligence closed its doors in 2021, precisely Faced with costs of the dispute. It is precisely the opposite with AI giants, who usually have many more economic resources when defending these types of demands. The legal precedent is undoubtedly relevant, but it may be more difficult to wield it if the litigation costs cannot be supported by the plaintiffs. Care, generative. The appearance of all kinds of generative models has unleashed a wave of demands for copyright violation. One of the most important cases is what The New York Times holds against Openaibut there are others like the one that affects Microsoft by Github Copilotthat of Stable Diffusion and Midjourney or the recent one Meta scandal and the books with copyright that he used to train his AI models. Fair use and competition. Precisely this judgment raises an important legal obstacle for AI companies. First, for that argument of the fair use that may now not work. And secondly, due to the fact that when using those works protected by copyright, the impact for the original works can be remarkable. Images | WIRESTOCK | Solen Feyissa In Xataka | Openai has used Copyright content to train its models: now it faces a wave of demands

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