trade

Trump threatens to “cut off all trade”

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The decision of the Spanish Government not to authorize the Rota and Morón bases to be used in the United States military offensive against Iran has opened a diplomatic front that goes far beyond the military level. The reaction from Washington was immediate. US President Donald Trump He stated this Tuesday that he wants “cut off all trade with Spain.” The disagreement, therefore, no longer revolves solely around the use of military installations on Spanish soil. It has also moved to the economic and commercial field. threatening tone. In his statements to the media, released by the White Housethe American president charged directly against the Spanish Government. On the one hand, the refusal to allow Spanish bases to be used in the operation against Iran. On the other hand, Spain’s refusal to raise its military spending to 5% of GDP, a goal that Washington has been defending for some time within NATO. “Spain has been terrible,” said the president, before reproaching that Spain was the only ally that did not accept that spending objective. A question of international legality. Before Trump launched his trade threat, the Minister of Defense, Margarita Robles, assured the media that the US bases in Spanish territory have not provided support to the offensive against Iran and that this situation will not change. “Neither from Morón nor from Rota have they carried out nor will they carry out any maintenance or support action,” stated. Along the same lines, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, José Manuel Albares, insisted that the Executive will not authorize the use of these facilities for operations that do not fit within the Charter of the United Nations. The Convention as a brake. The refusal of the Spanish Government is also supported by the legal framework that has regulated the US military presence in the country for decades. As we explained in a previously published articlethe bilateral agreement signed in 1988 establishes that the use of facilities such as Rota and Morón must be framed in objectives within the bilateral or multilateral scope provided for in the agreement itself. This same framework contemplates that any operation that goes beyond these assumptions requires prior authorization from the Executive. The Spanish Government relies on this point to maintain that a unilateral military offensive against Iran does not fit into the framework provided for by the agreement. Planes that move. While the political debate intensified, some movements had already occurred on the ground. According to Reutersthe United States transferred at least fifteen resupply aircraft that were deployed at the Morón and Rota bases. a dozen of KC-135 They departed from the Sevillian base to the Ramstein air base, in Germany, while another five took off from the Rota naval base with an unconfirmed destination in some cases. These devices are relevant in air campaigns because they allow the operational range of combat aircraft to be extended. The threat and its limits. The warning to cut off trade raises an obvious question: to what extent can Washington apply such a measure against a single European country. In practice, the margin is limited. As a member of the European Union, Spain does not negotiate its trade agreements with the United States bilaterally, since these conversations are channeled through the European Commission. This complicates any attempt to penalize only Spain. The Country pointshowever, to the possibility of resorting to selective taxes on certain categories of products as an instrument of economic pressure. The Spanish Government has also responded. In a statement collected by RTVEMoncloa pointed out that any review of the commercial relationship between both countries must be done “respecting the autonomy of private companies, international legality, and bilateral agreements between the European Union and the United States.” The Executive also defended that Spain is “a key member of NATO” and a reliable trade partner for dozens of countries. What there is. For now, what exists is a political threat that has not yet been translated into concrete measures. The fight between Spain and the States has gone in a very short time from a discussion about the use of military bases to a much broader field that includes trade, diplomacy and international security. However, there are still many unknowns left open. We have to wait to see how this whole situation will evolve. Images | Defense Visual Information Distribution Service | The White House In Xataka | A Gulf country is launching an unprecedented missile against Iran. Nobody knows who he is and wants to remain anonymous

the Great Trade Route through the Mongolian Desert

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At the end of the 19th century, as Japan emerged as an imperial power after the Meiji erahis army undertook an ambitious cartographic project to precisely know the territories beyond its borders. Those maps, prepared by the Imperial Japanese Army with methods that combined espionage, foreign sources and field work, were classified as state secrets and for decades remained hidden in military and university archives. Today, those maps have revealed a fascinating route. A forgotten runner. For centuries, the so-called Great Mongolian Route was a key artery of Eurasian tradean east-west route that crossed southern Mongolia connecting northern China with Central Asia and beyond, serving as a northern alternative to the better-known routes of the Silk Road. Despite its historical importance, it had been blurred between travelers’ stories and scattered references, without precise cartography that would allow it to be reconstructed in detail. That gap is what is now filled through a historical work, a published study in the Journal of Historical Geography by Chris McCarthy and his colleagues demonstrating for the first time that the Great Mongolian Route was not a literary abstraction, but a perfectly structured corridor, designed to enable the regular transit of camel caravans through some of the most arid and hostile landscapes on the continent. Military maps as secrets of the past. The researchers behind the discovery say that the key to rediscovering the Great Mongolian Route has been in the gaihōzuthose maps prepared by cartographers of the Imperial Japanese Army between the end of the 19th century and the Second World War, which systematically covered vast regions of Eastern and Inner Asia. Conceived with strategic and classified purposes For decades, many were on the verge of disappearing after the war (there were instructions to destroy them), but some were saved quietly and ended up in university archives that little by little became accessible to the public. Gaihōzu W6N2N map panel: Explaining the maps. The maps were not simple military sketches: they synthesized information from Chinese records, ancient Russian uprisings, and, in some cases, Japanese field work, resulting in a surprisingly accurate representation of routes, wells, monasteries, oases and geographical features key to survival in the Gobi Desert. Owen Lattimore’s map of several Inner Asian caravan routes, including the Great Mongolian Trail, whose name appears next to the location of Gurbun Saikhan Confirm the map on the ground. Recent work has gone beyond the archive, touring more than 1,200 kilometers on the ground to verify to what extent those sheets coincided with current reality. The verification has confirmed about fifty nodes (from water sources to settlements, caves and sacred places) spaced at intervals of about 24 kilometers, a distance that fits exactly with the average day of a camel caravan. Plus: the oral traditions of local shepherds, the physical traces of secular transit and the persistence of toponyms have reinforced the idea that these maps captured a refined logistical system, one in which each stop was essential to making the journey possible. Gaihōzu W9N2N map panel Caravans, tea and benefits. Although the main objective has been to document the infrastructure of the route, everything indicates that was parte of the historic tea trade, with Chinese goods traveling west and steppe products returning east. Inscriptions found in caves and oases speak of journeys of up to 120 days for heavy caravans and faster journeys, of about 90 days, for urgent transports seeking extraordinary benefits. The harshness of the route did not deter the merchants, moved by the promise of “triple benefits,” a reminder that these routes were not only avenues of cultural exchange, but high-risk economic gambles. From stories to cartography. For decades, knowledge of the Great Mongolian Route depended almost exclusively on the descriptions of the explorer and scholar Owen Lattimorewhose diagrams offered a conceptual vision of the corridor. Now, the combination of his stories with the millimeter detail of the gaihōzu transforms that diffuse image into a concrete and verifiable layout, where each lake, well or monastery has a clear function. The result not only recovers a lost route, but shows to what extent these military maps constitute an exceptional file of landscapes, economies and ways of life just before modern transportation erased centuries of mobility caravan in the interior of Asia. Image | McCarthy et al. 2026 In Xataka | The entire history of the Iberian Peninsula year by year, summarized in six minutes of interactive map In Xataka | Our conception of the world has changed a lot during history. This map illustrates all its forms

The EU and India finally seal their great trade agreement. Trump has accelerated what had been stuck for two decades

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The European Union is beginning to make moves on a board that no longer looks like it did a few years ago. With Donald Trump straining international trade and European dependence on external partners increasingly at the center of the debate, Brussels seeks to gain room for maneuver. This idea of ​​strategic autonomy, repeated for years in speeches and documents, is beginning to be translated into concrete decisions. Some point to digital, others to securityand others to commerce. In this context, the announcement of a great agreement with India after almost two decades of negotiation is understood. The advertisement. The news comes from New Delhi, after a summit in which Narendra Modi and two of the main European figures, António Costa and Ursula von der Leyen, participated. The agreement, negotiated for almost twenty yearsseeks to open a new commercial stage between the European Union and India, with a scope that Brussels has wanted to highlight from the first minute. Von der Leyen lor defined on social networks as “the mother of all trade agreements.” Click to see the original publication in X What goes in and what stays out. The announcement speaks of a broad agreement, but its perimeter is defined quite carefully. According to Reutersthe pact focuses on trade in goods and services and standards, while especially sensitive issues, such as investment protection, are negotiated separately. In addition, there are explicit exclusions: agriculture and dairy are not part of the package, a decision that seeks to avoid resistance from some sectors. The key is in the cars. The EU statement itself recalls that tariffs on cars imported into India can reach 110%, a barrier that in practice blocks the entry of a good part of European models. For this reason, the pact includes cuts that could place these tariffs at a minimum of 10%. These discounts would apply to a volume of up to 250,000 cars coming from the European Union. For European manufacturers, the attraction is obvious: access to a huge market that until now has been almost closed. The exchange of concessions. The potential benefits are distributed, although not symmetrically. India would gain competitiveness in labor-intensive industries, such as textiles and garments, which in Europe still face tariffs close to 10%. It also seeks to improve the access of its professionals and technological services to the European market. The EU, on the other hand, aims at a different objective: to better enter an expanding market, where its exports face a weighted average tariff of 9.3% and especially high charges on cars, chemicals and plastics. A geopolitical acceleration. The timing of the announcement is not coincidental. In recent months, both India and the European Union have felt more closely the protectionist turn that accompanies the new era of Donald Trump. Reuters recalls that India has not managed to close an agreement with the Trump Administration since the White House announced in April the so-called “reciprocal tariffs“, and that in August imposed an additional punitive tariff of 25% for the purchase of Russian oil, raising the total tax on Indian goods to 50%. For Europe, the message has been similar: tariffs have once again been an instrument of political pressure. Nothing is in effect yet. The announcement is important, but the institutional path is just beginning. The final text must still pass legal scrutiny in Brussels and New Delhi. Then comes the most delicate stage: ratification. Reuters notes that the pact will have to be approved by the European Parliament, a process that could take at least a year. For example, the EU-Mercosur pact: it was signed on January 17, 2026 in Asunción, but days later the European Parliament decided to refer it to the Court of Justice of the EU for review, something that could delay its application for up to two years. The movement with India does not have to follow that path, but it invites us to be cautious. Images | Olga Nayda | Mitul Gajera | frank mckenna In Xataka | Something has broken between Europe and the US: France leaving Zoom behind and Teams in its administration points to something bigger

The industrial paradox that has put worldwide trade to the limit

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In Europe, steel costs less than a bottle of water. In the United States, it costs almost double if it comes from abroad. And in China, it produces so much that the world no longer knows what to do with it. According to estimates by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), The excess world capacity will reach 721 million tons within two years. And no one is willing to stop. Steel that is left over. The steel industry lives a perfect storm: global overproduction, state subsidies, fall in internal demand in China and protectionist policies. In a report for the New York Times They have explained it through the Tata Steel plant in Ijmuiden (Netherlands), one of the most advanced in Europe. It manufactures steel on commission for high precision applications. Even so, the company announced 1,600 layoffs this spring, while 18,000 jobs were cut throughout the European Union and nine million tons of capacity were closed in 2024. The background reason, As explained by the same mediumis the avalanche of cheap steel from China, which manufactures more than the rest of the combined world. This overproduction, fueled by government support and lower environmental standards, has flooded global markets, forcing traditionally non -exporting countries such as South Korea and Japan to seek buyers desperately. A scale problem. Steel is much more than an industrial product. As He remembered for the New York environment Atlantic Council researcher Elisabeth Braw, steel is one of the few goods that every country wishes to have “in any circumstance.” Its use ranges from food cans and forks to war tanks and combat planes. However, there is another aspect to take into account: steel pollutes. As We have already explained in Xatakaeach ton produced emits two tons of CO₂, which is equivalent to 7% of global emissions. This makes steel an obstacle to achieving climatic objectives. The paradox is clear: the world needs less steel, but nobody wants to be the first to close ovens. The industry is too big to abandon it, but too inefficient to sustain it as it is. This generates a vicious circle between price drop, minimum margins, lack of investment in clean technologies and greater pollution. The King of Steel. China is not only the largest world producer of steel, but also exerts a disproportionate influence on the global market. It produces more than the rest of the combined planet, largely thanks to a more lax state and environmental regulations system than in the West. According to data from the National Statistics Office cited by BloombergChinese production registered in June the greatest fall in ten months, due to adjustments in the capacity and government pressure to contain internal competition. Even so, more than 60 % of Chinese gatherings are already profitable, a notable leap compared to 30 % of just a year ago, driven by the rebound in demand in sectors such as automotive, machinery and, above all, exports. These exports have continued to grow despite international tariffs and commercial tensions, flooding markets in Europe, Asia and Africa with steel at dumping prices. This dynamic has reduced the margins of Western steel and left them without sufficient resources to invest in low carbon technologies, a problem that the OECD considers a critical obstacle to achieve the climatic objectives. With an still weak internal consumption for the real estate crisis, Beijing seems to bet more and more to export its excess steel as an economic influence tool, which multiplies clashes with the United States and Europe. Another power wants to face. The United States also wants to regain control of its industry. In January 2025, then President Joe Biden blocked the purchase of Us Steel by the Japanese Nippon Steel, claiming national security motifs. The decision, backed even by Donald Trump and by the unions in the sector, generated diplomatic discomfort in Tokyo and tensed the relationship with one of its main strategic allies. Six months later, that same logic translates into terrain conversions. In an article for The Washington Post They have detailed as in Weircon (Western Virginia), a city forged by the steel, the company Form Energy has occupied part of the vacuum left by the closure of the local steelter, hiring more than 400 workers – many of them extrabajadores of the steel – to manufacture energy storage batteries. Although initially driven by federal subsidies, the initiative has even survived the cuts of the Trump administration, and represents an attempt to reindustrialize without fully renouncing the steel legacy. The message is clear: the United States does not want to let your steel, your industrial narrative, fall into foreign hands. And Europe is trapped. In all this triangle, Europe loses ground, trapped Between the Chinese dumping and Tariff hostility of his Atlantic ally. And now, in addition, committed to buying massive amounts of fossil fuels to avoid major sanctions. Being more concrete, Europe has some of the most advanced gaits in the world, such as the Tata Steel plant in Ijmuiden, the Netherlands, which manufactures specialized steel for batteries and high -end cars. However, he is facing a perfect storm: high energy costs, strict environmental standards, unfair competition and political pressure. Despite attempts to modernize – like Tata’s plan to go to hydrogen – the necessary investment is counted in billions. In addition, American tariffs have hindered European exports, just when block countries need income to finance ecological transition. As for the United Kingdom, the government has had to intervene high ovens and subsidize plants to avoid massive closures. And in Germany, European industrial bastion, the approaches face the largest decline in decades, with a 11.6 % drop in production during the first half of 2025, According to The New York Times. Where does steel go? The steel faces a crossroads: between the industrialization of the twentieth century and the ecological demands of the 21st century. The only sustainable output seems to be green steel. Companies such as Swedish SSAB have already begun to produce it through … Read more

Donald Trump shook the world with his reciprocal tariffs. The Trade Court has just been thrown away

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On Wednesday the United States International Trade Court He ruled That the president of the country, Donald Trump, does not have the necessary authority to impose the reciprocal tariffs he has announced worldwide. The consequences of the decision are enormous. The chaos of tariffs. THE GLOBAL COMMERCIAL WAR that Trump announced during his candidacy and that he began to execute a few months ago has made him issue executive orders with which imposed tariffs a practically all The countries of the world, which had a Immediate impact in the economy world. Are imports to imports were reason of one absurd Reciprocal climbing of the tariffs that the US applied to China and vice versa. Trump ended postponing either relaxing those measures with view to future negotiations. Illegal tariffs. Donald Trump imposed these tariffs taking advantage of an emergency powers but there was clear opposition to these measures. In fact, a group of companies on the one hand and several Democratic states for another They sued Trump To block those tariffs, and that lawsuit has ended up causing this decision of the Trade Court. According to this jurisdictional body specialized in this area, using said law for such measures is illegal. The controversial IEEPA law. Trump took advantage of the so -called international emergency economic powers of 1977 (IEEPA). Theoretically authorizes the president to regulate international trade after declaring a national emergency if there is an unusual or extraordinary threat to the country. However, the 49 pages sentence indicates that “the court does not interpret that the IEEPA confers such an unlimited authority and annuls the challenged tariffs taxes under it.” Trump’s government will resort. The global leaders of the Donald Trump government have already issued An appeal to the decision of the Trade Court. This process will make this case reach a Federal Court of Appeals, but as they point out in the country, they could end up arriving at the Supreme Court, with a majority of conservative judges against progressives (or liberals). That would give Trump advantage in the final decision. What tariffs have been canceled. Among the declared tariffs are 25% taxes to Canada and Mexico or those of 20% to China with the excuse of fentanyl. According to the sentence, the reciprocal tariffs that Trump announced may not be applied. These rates affected almost all countries in the world, although the US president reduced them to 10% after the 90 -day temporary truce. The sentence, issued by three judges, is unanimous: “The challenged tariff orders will be annulled and their application will be permanently prohibited. It is not a precautionary measure strictly adapted to the circumstances; if the challenged tariff orders are illegal for the plaintiffs, they are for all.” But others do not. Tariffs imposed under another legal authority called Section 232, and which includes car, steel and aluminum imports, have not been affected by the decision and will remain in force. And now what. Although this tariff nullity has immediate effectiveness, the Trade Court indicates in a attached resolution that a period of 10 days is given for the administrative orders to be issued to make the sentence effective. It remains to be seen how those responsible for the US government and also the governments of other countries act. Image | WIRESTOCK | The White House In Xataka | The US threatens Apple with a 25% tariff if you do not manufacture the iPhone there. It would continue to be more profitable in India

Online trade was supposed to retire supermarkets. The reality is that in Spain they do not stop opening

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Despite all its uncertainties and The unknowns sown by the tariff war, 2025 promises to be a good year for the supermarket sector. At least if we trust Growth forecasts and shared figures A few days ago by Asedasthe Spanish Association of Distributors, Self -Services and Supermarkets. According to their estimates, during the first four months of the year 244 stores have opened in Spain, 25% more than during the same period last year. Not just that. The sector expects to say goodbye to 2025 with 850 new establishments. If confirmed, the map of establishments distributed throughout Spain could exceed the 26,000 barrier. A figure: 778. He arrives at the majority of cities and large municipalities in the country to verify the trend, but besieged, the employer of the sector, has put figures: In Spain there are more and more supermarkets. According to their latest annual report, in 2024 they opened 778 new stores that raised the total map of points of sale of the country (self -services, super and hypermarkets) to 25,585. Once the closures are discounted, that leaves a “Net growth” of 352 businesses with respect to those operated in 2023. And how will this year go? Although 2024 closed with a map of the sale map, the inaugurations rhythm was somewhat lower than that of recent years. In 2024, 778 openings were registered, but in 2023 they were 787 and the previous year 889. Asedas, which Agglutina To companies such as Savoramas, Aldi, Covirán, Día, Lidl or Mercadona, hope that this “slight descent” is “passenger”. The reason: So far this year the association has already registered 244 openings, 25% more than during the same months of 2024. Their forecasts pass because the year ends with 850 new premises. Changes in the sector. Beyond its opening data or the size of the National Park, The report Asedas is interesting because it leaves some ideas about the trends that govern in the sector. The most interesting probably is that the supermarket format “strengthens itself as the most successful”, compared to others such as self -service or hypermarket. The association also requires that more than half of the stores (about 50.6%) “They are framed in proximity and coexistence formulas.” Interesting is also the speed with which the market changes. Asedas estimates that since 2021 almost a quarter (23%) of the network has been renewed or renovated. For the collective the key to that “dynamism” connects mainly with associative trade, such as franchises and cooperatives, which in 2024 were behind approximately 60% of the openings. “They have a great impact on the rural world, since a third of these inaugurations occurred in municipalities with less than 10,000 inhabitants,” They emphasize. “Regional leaders”. Another of the keys to the growth of the sector is, In Asedas opinionin the “regional leaders.” In fact, in its report, the focus on 25 companies (audited in total 320 companies) that increased their average commercial area from 2021, which far exceeds the general tendency of the sector, which also grew, but only 4.3%, were audited. It is not the first to point in that direction. In 2024 Kantar He already pointed out in Another sectorial study How the super regional were planting the white brands and large chains. “In a context of market stability, the organized distribution sector has registered a 0.6% growth in volume during 2024, mainly driven by short assortment chains and regional supermarkets,” Kantar collected in February, in February Another report in which he calculates that regional ones have reached a quota of 18% after having grown 0.7 points. The reason: its supply of frescoes, personalized service and expansion to new geographical areas. Pending rural. Asedas slides another interesting idea: despite the urban exodus, their data shows that in Rural the retail Food continues to register more openings than closures. Between 2020 and 2024 he estimates that they have opened their doors 1,117 new stores In municipalities with less than 10,000 inhabitants, which means that almost a quarter (23.6%) of the openings were concentrated in rural environments. The employer also highlights the role of small businesses and family chains with networks of 10 or even less stores, although the truth is that smaller businesses do not always endure the thrust of the chains. Kantar slides That the growth of the “organized distribution sector”, including regional supermarkets, has been achieved in part by the “volume transfer” from the “traditional trade”, which has punctured almost 4%. Their February data They corroborate that operators with the highest market share in value are Mercadona, Carrefour, Lidl, Eroski, Dia, Consum, Alcampo, Aldi and IFA. Among the nine bind a quota that touches 70% of the market. In total Asedas estimates that the sector set has 25,585 active establishments (14,486 supermarkets, 10,589 self -service and 510 hypermarkets) that give direct employment to about 414,100 people. The annual investment in new construction of the Round collective between 1,000 and 1.3 billion of euros. Are all opportunities? No. Despite the opening data or the increase in the benefit (together the main companies added 2,141 million of euros in 2023, with an ascending profitability curve), the sector also faces challenges. The main one: although the business expect to growwill do it in a very competitive scenario. “In a market that barely grows in volume, the challenge is to gain share of other competitors. It requires having a clear and differential value proposal, which attracts and fidelize better to consumers and exploit roads of inorganic growth,” Comment to The avant -garde Enrique Porta, consumer partner and retail of the KPMG audit. Another key is to adapt to new market trends, such as less and less weight relative of the hyper, or adjust the size of the network to the demand. After all, although the sector expects to register hundreds of new openings throughout the year, which could even raise the points of sale above 26,000, Nor is it alien to closures, layoffs and readjustments. Images | Alcampo and Eroski In Xataka | In … Read more

In Valencia the shepherds resist the disappearance of their trade, so they have had an idea: to turn it into “career”

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When Antonio Miguel (grandson, son and nephew of shepherds) began to take care of cattle in Side of Los Olmosprovince of Valencia, lived with 64 other colleagues. Today there are so few that you can count on your fingers. Recently He reported in The provinces They are just ten. And at 63 he will soon fall out of the list. Your goodbye will aggravate the situation of a falling layer sector in Valencian lands, where the number of professionals He has sunk In just a few decades. To cut that trend and claim the profession, there are those who are trying to move forward an idea in other regions of Spain: A SCHOOL OF PASTORS. A sector in low hours. Beyond testimonies such as Antonio, data draw a complicated panorama for Valencian grazing. Let’s see. Some estimates They estimate that around 1,500 shepherds worked in the community. Today they would be just over 300. Together, the INE shows that the Valencian territory has lost about 30% of its territorial agricultural livestock capacity throughout the last decade. The problem is not much less exclusive of the Valencian Community (occurs in other parts from Spain), but it does paint a future with clouds. A protagonist: Opem. With that backdrop, a few years ago Paco Rubio, livestock, pastor and technician Alicante, joined other colleagues to create the Mediterranean Extensive Pastoralism Observatory (Better known for their acronym: Opem), which basically aspires to “empower” the extensive shepherds and ranchers in the region, give them greater visibility and help them maintain their farms. Throughout the OPEM years he has moved several initiatives, but there is one (in very initial phase) that has achieved a special impact: the organization wants Mediterranean Center. Neither simple, nor limited to Spain. Your goal It is that in the center the concepts of veterinarian are taught, future shepherds are taught how they should treat animals, different types of land and their peculiarities and the way of acting before fires, animal attacks or any other unforeseen event. The trade is not simple (cattle must be taken 365 days a year, without exceptions), but offers a job departure, helps to set population and also has its own horizon, beyond the Spanish field: in Switzerland or Austria professionals are demanded to work during certain months a year. And at what point are they? The idea is not exactly new. Carries on the table now Some years. But Opem has been working on it and especially moving to make it known throughout the region. With the support of the Diputación, he has studied the needs of the territory and organizes informative talks on the “activation of the Valencian School of Pastors”. His desire, he insists, is “to form new generations of farmers, encourage generational relief and promote a model that combines food production, conservation and environmental sustainability.” In recent months he has talked about her in FencedXàtiva and Tuéjar. From ideas to classrooms. In An interview recent with The countryRubio acknowledges that he still works ahead to reach the ambitious project to which the OPEM aspires. The objective, of course, is clear: open in the region of Ademuz corner A school focused on shepherds with facilities, professionals, sheep and land. Much of that already have it. To shape it, however, a budget of 600,000 euros. As for how OPEM would work, the OPEM manager is in favor of a mixed model, with public financing and private management that even allows him to take him to the Balearic Islands. “There is potential”. “There is interest and there is even structure. And we are seeing that it is profitable. But it is an even more complicated sector than that of agriculture because tradition was lost a little earlier,” Comment to The avant -garde Ruth Carbonell, project technician in OPEM. In its favor the collective has the strategic value of grazing, especially in the rural one, where it helps to set population and keeps the fields clean to prevent forest fires. “We trust that there is a potential of people who would and would fill in a hole that is not being covered,” emphasize Rubio on the project. A not so new idea. Although Opem’s idea has generated expectation In the Valencian Community, the truth is that it would not be the first grazing school in Spain. Moreover, they recognize that they are being set in other institutions distributed by the country, such as The Estivein Huesca. In the Valencian Community they have offered courses On grazing and livestock. “We are seeing how Aragon models work and Cataloniawhich are semi -public. In Andalusia there are school of shepherds, but it is public “, Rubio points out. “And then there are private models such as the Basque or Extremadura, where an NGO is responsible and does not receive money from the administration, but a return from who enrolls.” Images | Manel (Flickr) and Gutifoll (Flickr) In Xataka | During the gold fever, California needed sheep. The most unexpected ranshening came to the rescue: the Basques

The trade war threatens to cut his wings in full takeoff

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The aeronautical sector It is emerging as one of the great victims by the Commercial War between the United States and China. At Growing tariff barriers imposed by both powers now adds Beijing’s alleged attempt to block the delivery of new Boeing aircraft in its territory. The information, Posted by Bloomberg earlier this weekalso points out that Chinese airlines will not be able to acquire equipment or pieces related to aviation to US suppliers. When a scenario like this is raised, it is easy to think that the closure of doors to Boeing and other American manufacturers can translate into an opportunity for firms such as Airbus or Comac. And, in part, it is. However, it is convenient to clarify: while Airbus’s main challenge is to increase its production capacity, in the case of Cabel the difficulties are deeper. The United States, in fact, could dynamite its most ambitious project overnight. As? Let’s look at the details. A plane with too many pieces borrowed In recent years we have seen how China has managed to make a decisive leap in multiple industries. One of the most obvious examples we have in front of our eyes: the automobile sector. For a long time, Chinese cars dragged a questionable reputation and a little competitive offer. Today the situation is very different. Something similar could be happening in commercial aviation. Although Airbus and Boeing continue to lead with slack, Cabe has been trying for years A hole in that historic duopoly. One of the key pieces in this important objective is the Comac C919a plane designed and assembled in China with an eye on competing directly with the Boeing 737 Max and the Airbus A320. With capacity for between 158 and 192 passengers and autonomy that ranges between 4,075 and 5,555 kilometers, its current deployment is still limited. However, if we attend to the growth rate of the Asian giant, everything indicates that it is a matter of time that the C919 is also consolidated outside its origin borders. But the project drags, at least for now, an Achilles heel that often goes unnoticed: a deep dependence on American technology. That’s how it is. The pride of Chinese aviation, the most ambitious development of its entire history in this sector, works thanks to key components manufactured by a rival country. For years, these pieces have crossed the ocean without major obstacles. But a block could hit the very heart of the Chinese dream of having its own regional reference plane. So what pieces are we talking about exactly? To understand it, it is convenient to go to Leeham News and Analysis worka specialized firm that has been closely following the ins and outs of the aerospace sector. Flight data recorders – General Electric (United States). Meteorological radar – Rockwell Collins (United States). Communications and Navigation Systems – Honeywell (United States). Antihielo Ala – Liebherr (Germany) system. Aluminum components for fuselage – Arconic (United States). Motors – CFM International, a joint venture between GE (United States) and Safran (France). Thrust investors – Safran (France). Fuel System – Parker (United States). Fire detection – Kidde (United Kingdom). Wheels and brakes – Honeywell (United States). Tires – Michelin (France). Landing train – Liebherr (Germany). Cola y Alas – Aviation Industry Corporation of China (Avic) (China). Just check the previous list to measure the blow that would mean the lack of any US component in the C919 assembly chain. Leeham News and Analysis already warns that the trade war threatens the project. In the same line is Ron Epstein, Bank of America analyst, who declared Reuters: “If China stop buying aeronautical components from the United States, the C919 program will stop or die” The current situation and future perspectives In recent days, the commercial war has intensified with rapid and unpredictable movements. And the truth is that half the world – individuals, companies, governments – still tries to understand how far their effects come. If we focus on the order of the Chinese government on aeronautical components, everything indicates that, for now, it affects only airlines. That would leave manufacturers such as Comac with margin to continue buying the pieces that need the United States. At least for the moment. However, The 125% retaliation tariff (that, added to the previous 20 % in the fentanyl case, leaves the invoice at 145 %) governs for imports from the United States. That includes engines, plane or brakes that Comac buys for their C919. The practical result is that each US component would cost me almost twice and a half its original pricea scenario hardly aware of any manufacturer who aspires to maintain the viability of your business. It is time to wait to see what all this flows. If the barriers imposed by both powers will fall and the trade will be reactivated. But there is also another scenario: that the United States imposes export controls on key components for Chinese aviation. He already did it with the Nvidia chips to stop his advance in artificial intelligence. This situation could reinforce China’s bet to develop your own key technology, although it still has a long way ahead. Images | Comac In Xataka | Before panic for US tariffs there are technological ones doing something uncommon: product collection

The secrets of the port of Shanghai, the colossus of international trade where automation reigns

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Check out around you. The screen you are looking at, the clothes you wear or even your coffee maker have probably crossed the ocean in a container before reaching you. It is not a simple random assumption. About 80% of the goods travel by boat, which makes maritime transport into the backbone of the World Trade. Without this machinery running precisely, getting many of the things we use every day would be little less than an odyssey. A key piece of this system is the sea ports. We are talking about the nerve centers that not only receive and dispatch millions of containers a year, but also coordinate a millimeter logistics that allows goods to circulate fluently between continents. It is no secret that this world is in constant movement, but there is a title that has not changed hands for a long time: the port of Shanghai has been the most active in the world for 14 years. The port of Shanghai is also a port megaciudad After a long time, In 2024 the port of Shanghai became In the first in the world to handle more than 50 million teu in a single year. And when we talk about TEU, we refer to the standard container unit of 20 feet (6.1 meters) long. This port did not begin its rise to the throne yesterday. One of his first great achievements occurred in 1994, when he first exceeded the million TEU. Since then, its performance has grown exponentially, multiplying by 50 in three decades. There is no doubt that this reality is directly related to China’s industrial muscle, which has established itself as The greatest manufacturing power in the worldand with the spirit of the Asian giant for developing ambitious works. The port of Shanghai has not stopped evolving during the last decades. Automated terminals have gained ground to improve efficiency and security drastically. Less people work and everything becomes much faster. The port has completely automated terminals where tasks such as goods discharge, stacking and output are controlled by the “brain” of the management system. Sun Jinyu, one of the leaders of the Shangdong terminal, had in 2021 that The cranes needed about 108 operators in the past, but automation had allowed the same tasks With only 7 operators. And, because of that was not enough, most of the work was done through remote operation. But an impressive infrastructure would not be enough without strategic ties. The port of Shanghai began to handle containers in the 1970s and it was not until 1978 that he opened his first international route, one that joined China with Australia. At present, it is linked to almost 350 international routes, connecting more than 700 ports in more than 200 countries and regions of the world. Internal level, it also has 22 ports distributed by various Chinese provinces, consolidating its role as a key node in global trade. Images | Shanghai International Port (1, 23) | Reb42 In Xataka | Chinese submarines are authentic crickets: a new generation promises to change the rules of the game

Temu and Shein are already being overcome by the next Chinese trade giant: Tiktok

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Tiktok has achieved in just one year what seemed impossible: to overcome sales to Shein and Temu in the US market, consolidating itself as the new power of Chinese electronic commerce, according to reports Bloomberg Citing Second Measure data, its transactional analytical tool. Their sales fired 153% in January, compared to the modest compared 26% of Shein and 28% of Temu. Between the lines. Tiktok Shop is taking more market to Shein that a Temu. In purchases greater than 25 dollars it has earned 16 quota points, while in the lower only 7. That is, it is having more success by selling medium -price products than Chollitos. The threat. This ascent can be seen truncated by several fronts: The contrast. While Tiktok Shop accelerates, its Chinese competitors suffer: In perspective. With 170 million monthly active users in the US, Tiktok has shown that its ability to monetize its user base goes beyond advertising. He has managed to turn his domain into entertainment into a powerful sales machine that even threatens Amazon. → The really disruptive of Tiktok Shop is not its meteoric growth, but how it has completely blurred the line between entertainment and trade. → No sells products, sells instantaneous wishes packaged in viral videos. And that, in the face of consumer behavior, is more powerful than any discount. In Xataka | China has been cutting its technology for years. Xi Jiping has just opened the door for that to change Outstanding image | Solen Feyissa in Unspash

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