regulate

There are so many trips planned to the Moon that the UN has created a “lunar circulation committee” to regulate traffic.

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The Moon is coming into fashion after 50 years of calm. But this time it is not a race between two: it is a commercial race in which old and new space powers, as well as a multitude of private companies, participate. The lunar “jam.” The interest is so sudden that in the last two years there have been 12 attempted lunar missions. This “blitz” of moon landings, driven by public-private programs such as NASA’s CLPS, has proven to be a quick, cheap, but also a little chaotic to reach the Moon. Still, worrying about “traffic jams” on the Moon sounds absurd. Cislunar space (the region between the geostationary orbit of the Earth and the Moon) is gigantic: 2,000 times larger than that of Earth’s orbit. If there is so much room, where is the problem? The problem is that everyone wants the same place. In the same way that on Earth all cars use the roads, on the Moon missions tend to cluster in a very select set of stable orbits. The immensity of cislunar space is, therefore, deceptive, explain professors of International Affairs and Aerospace Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, in an article for The Conversation. To make matters worse. Most government sensors that track satellites in Earth orbit are not designed to detect and monitor objects this far away. The Moon’s own glare makes the task difficult. This uncertainty has a direct consequence: it forces operators to be excessively cautious. When in doubt about a possible collision, agencies prefer to waste fuel and carry out an evasion maneuver, which interrupts scientific missions and shortens the useful life of the ships. 50 satellites are enough for chaos. According to research published in the Journal of Spacecraft and Rocketsonly 50 satellites in lunar orbit are enough for each of them to have to maneuver an average of four times a year in order to avoid a possible collision. 50 satellites may seem like a lot, but at the current rate of launches, we could reach that number in less than a decade. And it’s not theory. It’s already happening. The Indian orbiter Chandrayaan-2 had to maneuver three times between 2019 and 2023 to avoid dangerous approaches (one of them with NASA’s LRO probe). And this occurred when there were only six operational spacecraft orbiting the Moon. The UN wants to bring order. This is where international diplomacy comes in. The United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS), the main global forum for space law, has taken action on the matter. In early 2025, COPUOS formally established a new working group: the Action Team on Lunar Activities Consultation (ATLAC). The goal of this team is precisely to create a draft of space “traffic rules.” They have until 2027 to study recommendations and a possible international consultation mechanism. Image | POT In Xataka | How many times have we gone to the Moon and why have only 11 military aviators and one geologist set foot on it in all of history?

There are so many drones in Ukraine that they have become cars. So the army has created a DGT to regulate its traffic

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In a battle where drones are already they don’t need humans to coordinate and attack, and where these combat devices have taken technological warfare to a new crazy phase where they are knocking themselves downsooner or later it had to happen. Drones and Ukrainian airspace are increasingly similar, for better and worse, to cars and roads around the planet. The congested sky. The Ukrainian front has turned into an airspace so saturated with drones that its operators they must negotiate between them to avoid collisions and, above all, interference from their own electronic warfare systems. In an environment where thousands of devices they fly simultaneouslythe pilots establish “flight corridors” temporary, agreed by group messages or by radio, to cross areas under friendly control without being shot down by the signal jammers of their own army. This exchange, at times chaotic and spontaneous, reflects how modern warfare is fought both in the air and on the electromagnetic spectrum, where waves, rather than bullets, determine who sees, who shoots, and who survives. The invisible war. we have told before. The battle for dominance electromagnetic spectrum is already one of the most decisive of the conflict. each side try to saturate or protect the other’s frequencies through jamming systems that can nullify drones, missiles or radars, but also blind their own. Pilots as Dimko Zhluktenkoof the Ukrainian Unmanned Systems Forces, they explain Insiere that his work includes identifying Russian electronic warfare systems to destroy them before they block the signal of his drones. Other operators, however, they must coordinate with several units simultaneously, seeking a balance between protecting their troops and the need to keep flight routes open. In many cases, the commanders who control the jamming systems are at higher hierarchical levels, so units on the ground can barely request changes, with no real ability to turn them off or adjust them according to their missions. The chaos of the sky. The device density in the air has created an environment almost impossible to manage. Commercial drones modifiedappliances FPV explosives, reconnaissance dronesinterceptors and systems electronic warfare They compete for space and signal, in a landscape where distinguishing between friend and enemy is increasingly difficult. Many soldiers shoot or activate their inhibitors at any approaching drone, unable to identify it precisely. The similarity between the Russian and Ukrainian models aggravates the confusion, and sometimes the Ukrainians themselves Allied aircraft are shot down out of fear or uncertainty. In this scenario, the war resembles a gigantic air traffic jam where each operator must warn, coordinate and wait their turn to cross the front without being blocked or destroyed by their own side. Non-stop race. In the background, Ukraine and Russia compete to develop technologies capable of resisting the electromagnetic lock. New models include drones no dependence on GPScontrolled by fiber optic cableequipped with artificial intelligence or capable of changing frequency to escape enemy “noise.” However, these innovations slowly reach the front lines, where they coexist with outdated equipment that requires improvisation and constant communication. Thus, each flight is a negotiation between units, each mission a bet against the chaos of the spectrum, and each Russian advance forces an immediate Ukrainian response. The new frontier. Ultimately, the conflict in Ukraine has turned the sky into a laboratory where 21st century war is redefined. It is no longer just about tanks or missiles, but about waves, signals and microprocessors. The coordination between drones and interference systems reveals both the maturity and fragility of an army that has made ingenuity its main weapon. And it also shows a limit: the more saturated the spectrum, the more likely it will be that the technology will turn against those who use it. In that invisible space, where every interference can decide the fate of a drone or a life, Ukraine is waging a war as modern as it is paradoxical: a war in which communication It is the only way to prevent the defense from becoming its own enemy. Image | TASS In Xataka | If the question is how to end the war in Ukraine, the US has a disturbing solution: threaten Russia with a missile In Xataka | Russia’s technological superiority over Ukraine is growing every day. And all thanks to a friend: China

Spain wants to regulate the legal resale of tickets. The risk: Let the "BOLI BIC A 300 euros"

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The situation with the resale of entries has become so unsustainable that the government has had to take action on the matter and raise a limitation to prices that tickets can reach. The lack of control has given rise to reappearing the ghost of the black market and without control: what can happen if the legal platforms of resale disappear, would the resale disappear? Everything suggests that no … Sustainable consumption law. That is the name that receives the Draft approved this Tuesday In the Council of Ministers, and that raises an important novelty in the ticket market: it will be prohibited to resell them at a higher price than the original, plus the accumulated variation of the consumer price index (CPI). For example, if an entrance cost 100 euros and the CPI has risen 3% since then, the maximum legal price of resale will be 103 euros. The intention is clear: to stop the bubble of the bursts of inputs, which currently move legally on authorized platforms such as the Fan to Fan of Ticketmaster, Stubhub either Ticketswap. By the clouds. The problem that exists with the purchase and sale of tickets in Spain we have spoken on the occasion of events such as the Bad Bunny concerts of 2026: not only to get ticket was, a few weeks ago, a Mission practically impossiblebut resale It finds no limitations. Thus, almost immediate entries reach exorbitant prices in resale platformsreaching quintupply the original amount. In Xataka If you have an entrance for Bad Bunny, you have a treasure: the megaconciertes are already devouring themselves The problem problem. According to ‘El País‘, this artificially swollen market of resale is aggravated by the use of bots, a practice prohibited by law but very difficult to pursue and demonstrate. From consumption confirm to the newspaper that “the great economic incentives generated by this resale hinder the applicability” of this prohibition. Thus this law is born: if prices shoot, “they would turn this activity in illegal, being able to urge the blocking of the web pages where the infraction and the consequent sanction for the offender were producing.” Black market risk. There is an important risk of increasing the black market for the sale of tickets with this new law. If these legal platforms have sink, part of the unsatisfied demand can move to unregulated channels, where prices would continue to shoot and there would be no guarantees for the buyer. In Spain, without going any further, there was already A parallel black market Before the arrival of this law, especially in highly demanded events. Tickets were sold on social networks, messaging groups or unofficial portals, and those roads could be reactivated if there is demand. Would we see that legendary claim of “I sell Boli Bic for 300 euros and gift entrance of Bad Bunny”, mythical code to place tickets without saying that tickets are being sold? {“Videid”: “x8nqtg8”, “Autoplay”: fals, “Title”: “Taylor Swift: You were Tour – Trailer”, “Tag”: “”, “Duration”: “80”} The European case. In countries such as France or the United Kingdom, situations have been experienced that situations could be repeated in Spain. Since 2012, France has One of the strictest laws in Europe against the unauthorized inputs. The law prohibits the resale of tickets for shows without the consent of the organizer, with fines that can reach 15,000 euros (platforms such as Viagogo They have been sanctioned repeatedly for selling tickets at prices far superior to the officer). Despite this, the black market continues to represent Between 10% and 25% of total salesespecially in large concerts and sporting events. The case of the United Kingdom is more similar to Spain today: the secondary market has platforms such as Stubhub, Viago and Getmein!, Which have often dominated the resale with prices well above the nominal value. There are laws that require transparency in information (for example, show the exact seat and the original price) but, as in Spain, speculation and use of bots to monopolize tickets remain an important problem. In 2024, the United Kingdom reported More than 9,800 cases of fraud Related to ticket resale, with losses that exceeded 9.7 million pounds. Header | Photo of Wan San Yip in UNSPLAS In Xataka | The problem of concerts in Spain is not the lack of public, it is the distribution of money. And Wegow is the best example (Function () {Window._js_modules = Window._js_modules || {}; var headelement = document.getelegsbytagname (‘head’) (0); if (_js_modules.instagram) {var instagramscript = Document.Createlement (‘script’); }}) (); – The news Spain wants to regulate the legal resale of tickets. The risk: to return the “BIC BOL to 300 euros” It was originally posted in Xataka by John Tones .

We had been trying to know what neurostrogens served why they served. We have just discovered a clue: they regulate the appetite

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In recent years we have seen progress in the study of the hormones responsible for regulating our appetite and the feeling of satiety, hormones such as those that transmit from the stomach to the brain the information that we have already consumed our ration of food and we can stop. However, now we just found one of these hormones in an unexpected place, in hormones that until now we associated mainly with reproduction. From the stomach to the brain. A Japanese researchers team He has found A relationship between neurostrogens and appetite regulation. Neurostrogen. The Estrogens They are hormones that we usually associate mainly with female reproduction. In this context, aspects such as the development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics regulate. But this “family” of hormones has a diversity of members that cover other contexts. For example we can find the phytostrogen produced by plants or neurostrogens. The latter are produced by the brain, as their name suggests and until now they represented a mystery in our biochemistry since we do not know which or what their exact functions are. Looking for an answer. The team I investigated precisely The role of these brain hormones. For this they turned to mice in a laboratory. They compared several groups of mice, including some without the capacity to produce estrogen; and others to whom the production of neurostrogens had been inhibited. The latter was eliminated by aromatase, an enzyme used by the brain to synthesize these hormones. They thus verified that the group of mice that lacked ovaries and those without aromatase showed a greater body mass and greater food consumption compared to the mice of the control group. The team Then he reactivated The gene linked to aromatase, returning the enzyme to its brains. They saw that the mice went on to consume less food. MC4R. The team found that these mice to whom the ability to synthesize aromatase had been returned and with it neurostrogens showed a “marked increase” in the expression of the melanonortine 4 (MC4R) receptor, a receptor known for its role in the regulation of food consumption. This led the team to conclude that the neurostrogens produced through aromatase were involved in the expression of the receiver and that it was through it that were able to “suppress” the feeling of hunger. The role of leptin. The study, explains the responsible team, also indicated that neurostrogens could also increase the ability of the brain to leptin, one of the hormones whose function we already knew related to the regulation of appetite. “We observe that mice with restored neurostrogens responded more effectively to leptin treatment,” explained in a press release Takanori Hayashi, co -author of the study. “This may be due to the fact that neurostrogen increases the natural response of the body to the mechanisms that suppress appetite.” The details of the study were published In an article In the magazine The Febs Journal. The eye put into treatments. The team responsible for the study Mention the possibility that this discovery opens new therapeutic paths focused on development detracts for weight loss. They also point out that understanding the physiological function of neurostrogen could also help us find ways to regulate estrogen more precisely in our bodies, for example in contexts such as menopause or postpartum. In Xataka | We already know where the microplastics get the lettuce that you eat in the salad: from the air Image | Milad Fakurian / Sander Dalhuisen

They were the same that should regulate Tesla’s cars

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Although Critical voices with methods Elon Musk at the head of Doge has already put an expiration date to his political adventure, the Millionaire has found time to fire officials of the National Administration of Traffic Security on the roads. These are the same officials who must ensure that Tesla complies with the regulations for deploy your self -employed cars, As reported he Financial Times. Doge’s long shadow. In February 2025, Doge ordered mass layoffs in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). These cuts affected 4% of the 800 officials of this agency, including specialized engineers of the vehicle automation security office. Among the layoffs, there were three of the seven experts dedicated exclusively to creating the regulation that the Cyberercab and Tesla’s cars equipped with an autonomous driving system. A stone in the shoe for Tesla. The NHTSSA office currently maintains eight open investigations against Tesla, many related to its Full Self-Driving (FSD) system. According toThe published by The Verge, These investigations often flow into Calls to review their cars or updates of your software for Correct errors. One of the dismissed workers assured the Financial Times that the layoffs “would weaken the ability of the NHTSSA to understand autonomous driving technologies. This office should be at the forefront in the management of autonomous vehicles and in the definition of future regulations.” “It would be ironic for Doge to stop the display of Tesla,” said another former employee of the traffic security administration. Musk plays a lot with the autonomous car. Tesla has very ambitious plans to launch a fleet of Robotaxis in Austin during the summer and start the production of the Cyberercab model for next year. These vehicles will not have a steering wheel or pedals and require Specific regulatory approvals like him AV Step programmanaged by the NHTSA. If the agency does not have the necessary resources, That regulation might not have a list on time. “Letting Dog dismiss those of the Division of Autonomous Vehicles is crazy. We should be pressing to incorporate more personnel into the NHTSA. They should be developing a national framework for autonomous vehicles. Otherwise, Tesla has no possibility of expanding its FSD or Robotaxis technology,” a Tesla manager told the North American. Tesla’s future is autonomous. The concept of Robotaxi is key to the strategic future of Tesla. Elon Musk has opted for this model as an economic and sustainable solution for urban transport. According to their statements, robotaxis could drastically reduce operational costs by eliminating the need for human conductors. This approach seeks to position Tesla as Leader in front of competitors such as Waymo (Alphabet) and Zoox (Amazon), which also develop similar technologies and already have fleets working autonomously By cities like San Francisco. Suspicions of conflict of interest. It is not the first time that the shadow of the conflicts of interest de Escane about Elon Musk and his role in the cuts of government agencies that regulate the activity of their companies. The accusations began when Doge cut the resources of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and Federal Communications FCC Commission, agencies responsible for regulating the operations of Spacex and Starlink. The same suspicions fell to the millionaire when Doge announced the dismissal of officials of the US Labor Inspection, just when the death of an operator was investigated at the Tesla plant. OK With what is published by The GuardianDemocratic senators have already presented a bill on a possible conflict of interest of Elon Musk at the head of Doge. In Xataka | Elon Musk fired hundreds of employees and now he has to hire them again: they were experts in nuclear weapons Image | Flickr (Gage Skidmore), Tesla

Valencia promised them happy with his new law to regulate tourist floors. Until “the 11 -day trap” arrived “

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Made the law, made the trap. In His attempt To tackle the proliferation of tourist floors, the Valencian Community has encountered an unexpected (not so) challenge: the picaresque of the homemade, who have found in The new law that regulates the sector a loophole that allows them to rent floors to tourists by receiving more lax standards. The key is in something in principle as innocent as the duration of the rooms. To be more precise in themselves last more or less than 10 days. There are those who already talk about “The 11 -day trap”. What happened? The news I advanced it A few weeks ago the newspaper Levante-EMV: Airbnb have begun to announce apart from Valencia with a common denominator, the minimum time of stay required to their tenants. It doesn’t matter in which street they are located, how they are decorated, their surface, whether or not they have seen the sea or if they are more or less expensive. In all the same is repeated and invariable condition: minimum stay of 11 nights. Not one less. Are they many homes? A few. At the end of February Levante-EMV He pointed out that only in Airbnb could be consulted “tens” of housing located in residential blocks of Valencia (sometimes located in thirds or fourth plants) that were offered under that condition: a minimum stay of 11 days. A quick search on the same platform shows that ads are still like this. Moreover, there are businesses that They have decided Start applying the same criteria. And why 11 days? To understand it you have to use Valencian legislation. To be more precise of Decree Law 9/2024a text approved in August and that updated the 2018 standard on vacation rentals. Your goal, like He moved in 2024 The Valencian government is “to improve the regulation” of tourist floors and “offer legal certainty” to users and homemade. The key is what is a ‘tourist floor’ for the new regulations. Where the temporary barrier comes into play. When modifying article 65, the document Clarify That the “housing for tourist use” are those that (among other conditions) “are given in conditions of immediate availability, for tourist purposes, for a time less than or equal to 10 days, computed continuously to the same tenant.” What does that mean? That vacation homes are associated with that temporal horizon: 10 days. Anyone who is rented for longer would remain out of that categorywhich requires also having a tourist license. In practice it is a legal route that allows homemade to announce their homes on platforms such as Airbnb as something else: Seasonal rentals. According to the urban lease law (Lau) The latter are the rentals that are not destined to cover “the permanent need for housing of the lessee.” The Moncloa already It has been proposed Work in their regulation to prevent them from being used to dodge the requirements that apply to conventional rentals and benefit people for whom they are really intended, such as students. Why is it important? Because one of the objectives of the regulatory change applied in August 2024 in the Valencian Community was precisely to stop the increase in tourist homes, a rental modality that has gone winning strength in Spain and Tense (even more) the market residential. It was recognized by the regional government itself by arguing what it was looking for with the new regulations, in addition to “stopping unfair competition” or giving greater “transparency” to the sector. “The proliferation of this modality (…) has meant its exponential and uncontrolled increase in certain areas, which determines the need to adopt urgent measures to stop a phenomenon that, if not acting immediately, can generate problems that are exponentially aggravated,” reasoned In 2024 the Generalitat Valenciana. There are experts who They already question that the new law has been right when specifying what a home for tourist use is. Have you had consequences? Yes. Or at least reactions. After The news of Levant The Federation of Neighborhood Associations of Valencia (FAAVV) has demanded that the Generalitat regulations be changed as soon as possible He has jumped Already to the Valencian political debate. “Instead of proposing clear limits to the activity and assuming the responsibility of inspecting and sanctioning create endless ambiguous and contradictory assumptions,” laments the FAAVV. “The norm must be changed because it does not help to contain the threat of tourist floors against residential rental and create legal confusion and insecurity.” And what does the government say? The Ministry of Tourism has already warned that the fact that a rent is not considered tourist does not mean that it should not comply with certain standards, such as the deposit of a bond, and that in those cases in which a fraud is appreciated those responsible are exposed to sanctions that can reach 10,000 or even 100,000 euros, depending on the characteristics of the case. However, they are open to make certain adjustments in the standard. “The law was approved in August. Now that it has been working for a while we will review everything, see if there is any type of dysfunction and act,” Recognize The regional government, which also ensures that the vision of this temporal framework (the 10 -day stays) varies from one locality to another. A few weeks ago, the Generalitat discharged 886 homes of the Tourism Registry for lacking NIF/NIE, And he warned: It is the first phase of a process that will end up affecting 34,000 homes. Images | Giuseppe Bucola (Unsplash) In Xataka | If the question is whether tourist floors take the price of rentals, we already have the answer: more than 30%

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