hole

a supermassive black hole ejected from its galaxy at 3.4 million km/h

by

Until now, we thought about supermassive black holes like the immovable anchors of galaxies, being gravitational giants that keep everything in order from the center. But we were quite wrong, since the James Webb Space Telescope us has confirmed that, sometimes, these anchors break and are shot through intergalactic space as if they were real gun bullets. The study. A team led by astronomer Pieter van Dokkum of Yale University has presented the first observational confirmation of a wandering supermassive black hole. It is called RBH-1 and its existence is the result of one of the most violent events that physics allows: being “kicked” out of your home by gravitational waves. A scar. Detecting this is not easy, since black holes They cannot be seen with the naked eye, but the destruction they leave in their wake is analyzed. This is precisely what JWST saw when it detected a massive linear structure about 200,000 light years long (twice the diameter of the Milky Way), which connects a distant galaxy with a bright, fuzzy spot. After trying to analyze this destruction in more detail, the telescope itself has revealed that it is a discontinuity. In layman’s terms: there is something extremely massive moving at an absurd speed of 954 km/s, which is equivalent to 3.4 million kilometers per hour. A speed that would allow us to travel from the Earth to the Moon in less than seven minutes. How do we know? The question in this case seems obligatory: How do we know that it is a black hole and not a simple star formation? The answer lies in everything it leaves in its wake, since by moving at this type of high speed, the black hole It compresses the gas so violently that it generates a trail of hot plasma that can be measured, as well as the formation of new stars. And now science has been able to confirm that this gas is not heated by the light emitted by stars, but by the brutal collision of a target that has at least 10 million times the mass of the Sun. Why is he running away? The theory behind this phenomenon is not new, but has been predicted by general relativity for 50 years. But in order to understand what has happened here, we can see it in three different steps: The first thing that happened was the merger of two galaxies and their respective supermassive black holes that began to orbit each other. After this, a third galaxy arrives to join this party and its black hole interacts with the binary system formed before. Finally, a cosmic “kick” is given. In this case, the interaction of three bodies generates a great asymmetry in the gravitational waves that results in a black hole shooting out of the galaxy at a high speed. It’s not the first. We already knew about wandering “stellar mass” black holes (a few times the mass of the Sun) roaming our own Milky Way, detected by gravitational microlensing effects by Hubble or the Gaia mission. However, finding a supermassive, what is the type of object that usually lives in the heart of galaxies, is a milestone on a different scale. Why this matters. The confirmation of RBH-1 is not a simple curiosity for physicists, but validates models of galactic evolution that suggest that the universe is full of these ‘exiles’. And this shows that if supermassive black holes can be ejected so easily, it means that many galaxies could be “orphaned” of their central core, affecting how they grow and form stars. Images | NASA Hubble Space Telescope In Xataka | China is launching more rockets into space than ever before. And the reason is very simple: not to depend on Starlink

a supermassive black hole older than expected

by

Since the James Webb Space Telescope opened its infrared eyes towards the universe, the truth is that everything beyond our atmosphere has gone from being something calm and a stranger to become in a frantic puzzle For all astrophysicists. Their latest discovery points to the oldest supermassive black hole ever detected, something that gives us more data about the origin of the universe. It has arrived to break the mold. This black hole is located in the galaxy GHZ2and its most relevant fact is not that it is really far away, but when it was formed. Approximations place it just 350 million years after the Big Bang. Something that breaks the classic schemes that experts used, since in theory there would not have been enough time for a gravitational monster of that caliber to grow so much. His discovery. As we say, the protagonist of this story is the galaxy GHZ2/GLASS-z12. A discovery that has been made thanks to the observations of JWST and to the ALMA radio observatory in Chilewhich has confirmed its location through different parameters that place it as the most distant and oldest structure that has ever been confirmed. But what has set off alarm bells is not only its distance, but also its composition, since extremely intense ionized carbon emission lines have been detected. To understand the importance of this finding, you have to know that ionizing carbon at these levels requires a large amount of energy. This means that younger and more massive stars have the capacity to do so, but it is not enough to explain the intensity that has been observed in this galaxy. This means that you have to sign up for a Active Galactic Nucleusthat is to say, a supermassive black hole that is gobbling up matter at a frenetic pace. The time problem. The study suggests that this black hole would have an enormous mass compared to its host galaxy. While in the local universe (ours) the ratio between the mass of the black hole and the stellar mass of the galaxy is around 0.1%, in GHZ2 this ratio could shoot up to 5%. This is something that challenges the training theories that are currently are divided into two sides: Light seeds: black holes are born from the death of the first stars and grow little by little. The problem here is that 350 million years is not enough to reach this size. Heavy seeds: huge clouds of primordial gas have collapsed into black holes to form them, but without becoming a star. The finding of GHZ2 points directly to the second option or to “super-Eddington” feeding episodes (eating faster than radiation pressure theoretically allows). Its importance. If this finding is finally confirmed, we would be facing the absolute record for an active supermassive black hole. Until now, this record was in the UHZ1 galaxy about 470 million years after the Big Bang. But now GHZ2 pushes us more than 100 million years back in time, bringing us dangerously close to the very moment it all began in our universe. What really seems clear is that the universe in its beginning was not a boring or slow place. It was a dynamic, violent and rapid time where galaxies and black holes evolved at a great speed that we are now beginning to understand. Images | BoliviaIntelligent In Xataka | Bad news, the Universe has entered its dying phase. Good news, we won’t be here to see it

Spain wants to bet on rent with an option to buy in the face of the housing crisis. First you must solve your black hole

by

The Government has decided to expand its arsenal to alleviate the serious housing crisis that Spain is going through, a crisis marked by the decoupling between housing supply and demand, the rise in prices and a market so inaccessible that more and more young people find that the only way to have a home is to wait for their parents donate it. A few weeks ago, during a speech in Congress, Pedro Sánchez advanced that the Executive wants recover aid for rent with option to buy. The measure is part of a broader plan with more legs, but in recent weeks it has generated as much expectation as skepticism. The reason: although there are still unknowns to clear up, everything indicates that the scope of the new aid will be limited. What will the help consist of? What the Government plans is to offer aid up to 30,000 euros for rent with option to buy homes with permanent protection. The initiative is designed for young people from up to 35 years and its objective is that that amount ended up being discounted of the final price of the property, in case the tenant decides to buy it. “The aid will be used to pay the rent, which will allow the young person to save to own their home,” they need from the ministry. When focusing on VPO, the focus is on properties that must conform to a series of requirements, such as respecting a pre-established price and certain guidelines when changing hands. “This means that if in the future you want to sell that home, you will have to do so at an appraised price and to a person who meets the same requirements as the previous owner,” explains the Government. “In this way we protect the homes paid for with state resources.” Click on the image to go to the tweet. Do we know anything else? Yes. There are still details to be outlined, but we know that the measure is included in the State Housing Plan (PEV) for the period 2026-2030where it is combined with other proposals that aspire to “consolidate a public system of access to housing” and revolve around five major goals: creating more and better supply, reducing the rate of financial effort, focusing on stressed markets and lowering the age at which young people become independent. As? To achieve that ultimate goal the PEV contemplates offer rental aid for the purchase of housing in municipalities of emptied Spain (La Moncloa speaks of 10,800 euros for localities “at demographic risk”), youth guarantees and “aid for renting with the option to buy housing with permanent protection of up to 30,000 euros.” Sanchez too has spoken of non-payment of rent insurance for young people. Support for VPO on a rent-to-own basis is not exactly new. It was already contemplated in the state housing plans 2005-2008 and 2009-2012. How has the idea been received? Sánchez launched his announcement to mid octoberduring the interparliamentary meeting of the Socialist Group, but a quick Google search shows that in recent weeks it has generated some skepticism. Not so much because of the fear that it will end up causing an increase in rents (something that the leader of Sumar, Yolanda Díaz, reproached her for) but because of the doubts that exist about the real impact that the aid will have. The reason: in reality in Spain very few VPOs are built for rent with an option to buy. His mark is testimonial. Are there so few? The official data published by Raquel Sánchez’s department speak for themselves. If we talk about protected housing for rent with the option to buy with “definitive qualification” (that is, already completed), the state registry shows only 2,300 over the last decade. There are not many and they are concentrated in just seven autonomous communities. What’s more, there is not a single one between August of last year and June, a period of 11 months during which no home eligible to benefit from the aid announced by the Government was completed. If what we are talking about is “provisional ratings” (still under construction) the balance sheet is not buoyant either (less than 70 in the last 15 months). The data includes both VPOs from state and regional plans. What do the experts say? Not everyone agrees. For Javier Burón, manager of Nasuvinsa, the key lies not so much in what has been built so far but in what is done for the future. That is, the effectiveness of the measure in stimulating supply. “There is an attempt to restart the machine for building protected housing, although focused on rentals, so it makes no sense to look at the past,” he explains in an interview with The Country. In fact 40% of resources of the PEV focus precisely on increasing the supply of protected housing on a permanent basis. For Carolina Roca, president of the Association of Real Estate Developers of Madrid (Asprima), the reading is somewhat different. “The aid announced in the PEV has, once again, a conceptual error: we have a problem of supply of subsidized housing and not demand. The PEV should be aimed at increasing the construction of subsidized housing, so aid should go to supply rather than demand. What sense does it make to provide aid of 30,000 euros for a figure for which only 65 homes are built per year?” Roca asks in statements to the Idealista portal. Images | Ronni Kurtz (Unsplash) In Xataka | The Basque Country wants more homes but does not have much land. Solution: build 2,000 apartments on top of other houses

Data centers for AI are an energy hole. Jeff Bezos’s solution: Build them in space

by

In the next two decades we will see data centers at Gigavatio scale orbiting the Earth. Or at least that is the prediction that has launched The founder of Amazon and Blue Origin, Jeff Bezos. He said it during his speech at the Italian Tech Week in Turin, where he was able to establish conversation with John Elkann, president of Ferrari and Stellantis. Bezos’s proposal. Space data centers would take advantage of solar energy 24 hours a day, cloudless, rain or night cycles that interrupt the supply. According to Bezosthese “giant training clusters” of artificial intelligence would be more efficient and, eventually, more economical than terrestrial facilities. “We can exceed the cost of land data centers in space in the coming decades,” he said. Why now talks about this. The infrastructure demand for AI is becoming a large hole for the planet. Current data centers consume massive amounts of electricity and water to cool its servers, a problem that is aggravated with each new artificial intelligence model. Given this pressure, large technology explore alternatives: from Locate them in ships o Nordic countries until sink into the ocean. And of course, if we have capacity problems on Earth, some technological ones already think about taking the letter to send them to space. The technical advantages. In space, temperatures range between -120 ° C under direct sunlight and -270 ° C in shadow, which would greatly simplify equipment cooling. Constant solar energy would eliminate dependence on land electrical networks. Bezos places this development as’Natural evolution‘of a process that has already begun with weather and communications satellites. “The next step will be the data centers and then other types of manufacturing,” he explained. The real challenges. As they point out from Tom’s hardwarebuilding a spatial data center of a Gigavatio would require solar panels that would cover between 2.4 and 3.3 million square meters, with an estimated weight of 9,000 to 11,250 metric tons only in photovoltaic material. Transporting all that equipment to space would cost between $ 13,700 and 25,000 million with current technology, needing more than 150 launches. To this is added the difficulty of maintenance, updates and the inherent risk of space releases. Parallelism with AI. Bezos compared The current moment of artificial intelligence With the bubble Puntocom of the early 2000s. “We should be extremely optimistic about the social and beneficial consequences of AI,” he said, although he warned of the possibility of speculative bubbles. His message: Do not confuse possible excesses of the market with the reality of technological advances, whose benefits consider that “they will spread widely and reach everywhere.” When It will be done reality?. Bezos places the temporary horizon “in more than 10 years, but no more than 20”. Today, the project is commercially unfeasible, but its vision starts from the premise that the launch costs will continue to go down and the technology will mature. It remains to be seen, after two decades, part of our digital infrastructure is in orbit, beyond the existing one. In Xataka | Nvidia has control of the most powerful chips of AI: OpenAi, Broadcom and TSMC want to end their XPUS

The tremendous hole that the Olympic Games have left to Paris

by

When they ended The Olympics of Paris last year there was something that did not end: the National Debateextensible to many other games in other planet enclaves, about its true legacy. For critics with the event, the Supreme Audit Institution of France has just given them all the world’s gasoline, one in the form of a devastating economic report. The real weight of the games. As we said, the Courtes Cours has reviewed Uploaded the public cost of the Olympic and Paralympic Games of Paris 2024, encrypting the contribution of the State and the territorial collectivities In 6,650 million eurosthat is, about 700 million more than expected in June. In its report presented to Parliament, the Rue Cambon institution details that the updated figures include both the expenditure on the organization, that amounted to 3,020 million (With a very high weight of security), such as infrastructure destined, which reached 3,630 million, first incorporating the disbursements of local authorities and works to guarantee the use of SENA, estimated at 331 million. In spite of certain cost overrun surplus of 75.7 millionwhich avoided resorting to the state guarantee. Comparison with other editions. The Cour holds that Paris games were almost Twice less Regarding costs for public coffers that, for example, those of London 2012, although it alerts on the security chapter, whose infrapreting was remarkable: compared to the 200 million calculated in the candidacy dose, the real expense amounted to 1,440 million. This deviation, far superior to that provided for in the 2024 Finance Law, constitutes the main reason for concern indicated by the magistrates. “Modest” impact. He Report Introduce This time an evaluation of the public income associated with the event, which total 293.6 million euros coming from fiscal collection, the special transportation of transport and advertising sales of France Télévisions. However, these figures must be corrected by Fiscal exemptions (57 million, as in the case of Omega sponsor) and for the so -called “eviction” effect on sectors such as tourism. Cour concludes that the impact on the economy was limited: just 0.07 % of GDP In 2024, compared to 0.25 % estimated by INSE for the third quarter of that year. Beyond the short term, it insists that it is premature to assess the effects in the medium and long term. Debate and criticism. Le Monde told that the Methodology of the Cour has generated friction with the Olympic responsible. The Cojop reproaches that The report It has included expenses that do not consider directly linked to games, such as subway prolongations, burial of electric lines or cost overruns of the renewal of the Grand Palais, as well as the construction of schools. Also questions that they were not taken into account The amortization nor the proportionality in the use of shared infrastructure. According to Tony Estuet, president of the Organizing Committee, the real public cost did not exceed 2.5 billionso he denounces problems of rigor and a systematic bias against the project. The debate about the legacy. One of the central points of the controversy is the tangible inheritance of Paris 2024. While the Government defends that investment in transport, housing and the Decontamination of SENA They represent lasting improvements, social groups denounce phenomena of gentrification, eviction and a “social makeup” that benefits the international image of France more than its most vulnerable citizens. The Cour too He raised doubts on the true capacity of these investments to transform urban life in the Parisian region. A historical ballast. The debate on Paris 2024 is inserted in a long tradition of games that end up being financial watchmaking bombs For host cities. From Montreal 1976, which took three decades to pay A monumental debtuntil Athens 2004, often cited as one of the factors that They worsened the crisis Greek financial, Olympic venues have experienced chronic cost overruns. The reason? The committees They usually inflate calculations Return of investment in the candidacy phase, presenting optimistic projections that rarely materialize. The case of London 2012 showed that even when the games are presented as “reasonable”, the budget weight It ends up duplicating The initial forecasts. The COI crisis. Plus: The International Olympic Committee has been going through a Crisis of legitimacy and headquarters. Less and fewer cities are willing to assume the associated financial and political risks: Los Angeles 2028 was awarded without competition After the withdrawal of other candidacies, and the last winter edition in Beijing 2022 had to be held In artificial facilities In full desert, an example of the anomalies facing the organization. Cortina-Milán 2026 too It has been questioned by APPROVESlogistics improvisations and political tensions between regions and central government. In this context, Paris 2024 reflects both the symbolic greatness and the structural fragility of an increasingly difficult Olympic model to sustain. Success with doubts. If you want, immediately, Paris 2024 has been considered an organizational and sports triumph, projecting that image of France as a country capable of hosting a global first -order event. In fact, both Cour and Cojop They have seen In Paris’s experience, a model to consider the Olympic Games of Winter of 2030 In the French Alps, to which They will be allocated Six of your seven recommendations. However, the debate about its true financial and social legacy is far from closing. French experience feedsIn addition, an argument that crosses borders about the future of games: if they will continue to be an aspiration for cities or simply a risk that most will prefer to avoid. Image | Public domain, WHOISJOHNGALT In Xataka | The Paris Games should be those of the Olympic Break Dance premiere. They ended up being the “kangaroo dance” In Xataka | Winning a gold in countries like South Korea is better than the lottery. There are athletes who don’t have to think about money anymore

A study rises to 90% the probability that we see a black hole exploit. Physicists have become nervous

by

At some point in the next 10 years we are probably witnessing the explosion of a black hole, according to a new model published in Physical Review Letters. In the light of the telescopes, this very powerful event has the potential to confirm the most famous theory of Stephen Hawking and give us a catalog of unknown particles of the universe. Short. A team of theoretical physicists of the University of Massachusetts Amherst It has recalculated the probability of seeing live the violent explosion of a black hole under the assumption that there are primary black holes in hibernation. Its conclusion is that the most potentially transformative event of modern cosmology could be just around the corner: they calculate more than 90% possibilities that we witness the explosion of a primary black hole during the next decade, under the assumptions posed by the model. The Fat Prize for Physics. Seeing a black hole would be transformer in at least three fronts. It would be the first direct observation of the Hawking radiationthe famous theory of 1970 with which Stephen Hawking postulated that black holes losing mass slowly emitting particles, so they are not completely black. In addition, it is believed that A black hole in evaporation emits all fundamental particles whose mass is lower than its temperature. Therefore, the explosion of a black hole should reveal from the electrons and quarks that we know, to hypothetical particles of dark matter and others completely unknown to science. Finally, the event would confirm the primary black holes. Unlike the black holes that are formed by the collapse of mass stars, it is believed that the primordials were formed in the extreme conditions of the universe less than a second after the Big Bang. “I would completely revolutionize physics and help us rewrite the history of the universe,” says Joaquim Iguaz Juan, co -author of the study. How a black hole explodes. The idea that black holes can explode directly derives from Hawking radiation. The theory says that the lighter a black hole, the higher its temperature and faster emits particles. This creates an uncontrolled process: as it radiates, loses mass and heats up even more. Consequently, it radiates at an increasing rate until, in its final moments, it fades into an explosion of high energy radiation (mainly gamma rays). The problem is that, until now, physicists believed that the chances of seeing such an event were infinitesimal. These calculations, based on black holes without electric charge (black schwarzschild holes), suggested that explosions occur, at most, once every 100,000 years. With those chances, we would have to be very lucky to see one. Where that 90% probability comes from. The researchers decided to question the departure assumption: what if the primary black holes are not electrically neutral? The new hypothesis proposes the existence of a force similar to electromagnetism, But in the dark sector: With a “dark photon” and a very heavy “dark electron”. If a primary black hole was formed with a small dark electric charge, its destination would change completely. This mechanism works as a brake. As the black hole loses mass due to hawking radiation, its load/mass ratio increases, causing its temperature to drastically, which submits it to a state of hibernation for billions of years. After that time, the dark electric field near the horizon becomes so intense that he discharges the black hole, causing the final explosion that we have been waiting for. Why does this increase the chances of observation? Because this long stability period allows much lighter black holes (and, therefore, much more numerous) survive to this day. A greater number of nearby candidates drastically increases the local explosions rate, passing from one every 100,000 years to one every 10 years. We have the technology to see it. The best part is that we do not need to build new technology. Gamma ray observatories as Hawc in Mexico And Lhaaso in China are already scanning the sky and are perfectly able to detect the outbreak of a nearby primary black hole, at a distance of up to 0.3 light years. “We already have the technology to observe these explosions, so we should be prepared,” says Michael Baker, lead author of the study. If it happened, it would be a historical moment. We would be seeing, for the first time, the final echo of the creation of the universe, a first look at the most fundamental secrets of the cosmos in a single and spectacular outbreak of light. In Xataka | Stephen Hawking made a prediction on black holes in 1971. A new signal has been overwhelmed

A rate conflict that leaves other airlines hole

by

The IAG group airline takes advantage Ryanair’s withdrawal to expand your offer in the archipelago 5% during the winter season. The measure includes 116 additional flights and the change to planes with greater capacity on its Canary Routes. The perfect opportunity. Only 24 hours after Ryanair announced The cut Of 400,000 squares in the Canary Islands for its conflict with the Aena Rates, Iberia Express has taken the opposite step. The company will add about 30,000 additional seats Between October 2025 and January 2026, which represents an increase of 5% compared to the initially scheduled. 30,000 extra places. The plan includes 116 additional flights and more than 150 aircraft changes for others of greater capacity, mainly A321neo models. Tenerife Norte will be the great beneficiary with more than 15,000 additional places and up to 8 daily frequencies with Madrid, precisely the airport most hit by Ryanair’s withdrawal. Gran Canaria adds almost 8,300 more seats and will operate 10 daily frequencies with the capital, while the rest of the islands total 4,500 additional places among all. Beyond opportunism. The airline assures that the movement is not just reagent. “This increase in capacity in the Canary Islands reflects the firm commitment we have acquired with the islands since the beginning of our operations,” says Isabel Rodríguez, commercial director of Iberia Express. The company emphasizes that optimizes the use of its fleet to take advantage of the fact that around 21% of its Canarian passengers fly in connection with other destinations through Madrid. THE PRICE WAR. To accompany the increase in capacity, Iberia Express has launched its ‘Express Days’ campaign with prices from 13 euros for Canarian residents and from 20 euros for the rest of the passengers on the Madrid-Gran Canaria route. A strategy that seeks to stimulate demand after summer peak months and compete directly with cheap flights that characterized Ryanair’s offer. The fight between Ryanair and Aena. Ryanair’s decision to reduce 400,000 places in the Canary Islands is part of a broader offensive. The Irish airline will eliminate one million seats in regional airports and will cancel 36 direct routes in Your tension escalation with Aena For airport rates. The cuts include the complete closure of its base in Santiago de Compostela, the suspension of all flights to Vigo since January 2026 and the end of the operations in Tenerife Norte, precisely where Iberia Express now concentrates its greatest reinforcement. The justification of the tariff war. Eddie Wilson, CEO of Ryanair, has attributed These measures to the 6.62% increase in airport rates that AENA will apply. “We cannot justify a continuous investment in airports whose growth is blocked by excessive and uncommunchanting rates,” Wilson said. For his part, Aena responded hard, accusing Ryanair of practicing “Phariseism, bad education and blackmail” through its president, Maurici Lucena. With the withdrawal of Ryanair, key connections disappear and a capacity hole is generated than other airlines, such as Iberia Express, are willing to fill. Cover image | Gabor Koszegi In Xataka | Lack of a hole, prize on the payroll: Ryanair will upload the prize for employees who discover too large handbags

Citizens were not supposed to pay the closure of the nuclear, but there is already a hole of 11,600 euros on the bill

by

Closing nuclear is not just a political decision, but also an economic problem. The dismantling bill and radioactive waste already exceeds 20.3 billion euros, and the debate between electric and government has only started. An invoice that does not stop growing. According to Enresa’s memorythe public company in charge of dismantling, the total expected cost already reaches 20,367 million euros. The majority corresponds to the dismantling of the reactors, with 17,520.5 million, while waste management and spent fuel, the so -called “electric rate”, adds 2,846.8 million. The rest of the activities, such as the management of the enusa fuel factory in Salamanca, complete the invoice. The fund that finances these operations, nourished with contributions from the electricity, accumulated 8,677 million at the end of 2024, after the 30% rise in the valuation rate since July of last year. This means that it only covers 43% of the planned cost, leaving in the air a gap of 11,690 million euros still to finance. The plan that changed everything. The 7th General Radioactive Waste Plan (PGRR), Approved at the end of 2023was a change of stage by definitely abandoning the centralized temporary warehouse project (ATC) in Villar de Cañas. Instead, waste has been chosen in independent temporary stores (ATI) located in each central, waiting for deep geological storage (AGP) that should be ready in 2072. The PGRR extends the forecasts up to 2100 and delays the total closure of the nuclear park until 2035with Trillo and Vandellós II as the latest plants in going out. To this is added the legal obligation to annually review the forecasts, which adjusts the costs to inflation and the new technical conditions. Electric against rates. The companies, headed by Iberdrola and Endesa, say that operating under this cost scheme is unfeasible. Both have presented resources in the courts against the increase of 30% of the Enresa rate and have claimed millionaire compensation. Besides, They have requested that the closing calendar be reopenedarguing that prolonging the useful life of the reactors would relieve pressure on the electrical system. According to a report by the consultant EY cited by Nuclear ForumSpain supports the highest nuclear fiscal burden in Europe, with 27.3 euros per megavatio hour in specific encumbrances, which in the opinion of companies places them at a clear disadvantage against other countries. The red line of the government. The Executive maintains its position: the costs of dismantling and management of waste will not fall on consumers. The minister for ecological transition, Sara Aagesen, has responded to electricity with three conditions for any extension of the nuclear park: that does not involve additional costs for citizens, that supply security is guaranteed and that plants strictly comply With the standards of the Nuclear Safety Council (CSN). The Government insists that there are no formal negotiations to extend the lives of the centrals and accuses companies to try to transfer their invoice to the whole citizenship. The Secretary of State for Energy, Joan Groizard, summarized the position In statements collected by eldiario.es: “They want part of the dismantling costs to be paid among all, and we will not transfer it to the whole citizenship.” Forecasts and uncertainties. Costs can continue to grow. The French case is a notice as they have advanced at eldiario.es: The Andra agency reviewed in 2025 the cost of the AGP Cigéo between 26,100 and 37,500 million, an increase of up to 60% compared to 2016. In Spain they have prepared The 9th R&D Plan (2024-2028) of Enresa It includes 31 million in research to develop containers, confinement materials and recover fuel. A modest figure compared to billions at stake, but key to preparing the future AGP of 2072 and reducing long -term risks. In addition, Spain faces this solo calendar within Europe. While France, Sweden or Switzerland choose to expand the life of their reactors or even promote new projects, the Spanish PGRR maintains a plan of Progressive closure without planned extensions. A debate that goes beyond closing. The balance of the electrical system is also present. This summer a paradox has been evidenced: historical record of solar production in Europe, but invoices fired by the lack of storage and the need to resort to gas in night hours. In that hole is where the nuclear has played so far a stable backup role, but does not solve that background problem: it only postpones the closure, it makes the costs more expensive and aggravates the inheritance of waste. The dilemma is clear: can you do without it before the network is prepared to guarantee the same stability without firing the price of light? For the Government, the response is to accelerate renewables, storage and interconnections. For electricity, to keep the nuclear live longer. Image | Unspash Xataka | The largest nuclear fusion project on the planet has survived the setbacks. This is the date on which Iter should be ready

With the James Webb we have seen the oldest black hole in the universe. But you just have more questions

by

He James Webb Space Telescope has accustomed us to discoveries that break with our schemes mental The last discovery Where he has been the protagonist, he has undoubtedly re -rethink what we knew about the universe, by confirming the existence of the black hole more distant ever observed. Something that will allow answering some questions that astronomy still had. A colossus that has already been baptized. This black hole has received the name of Capers-lrd-Z9 And it is 13,300 million light years away, which means that we are seeing it as it was just 500 million years after big Bang. In this way, its existence, and especially the size it has, challenges everything we thought about how these giants grow. How this black hole was found. Finding something that is so far is not a simple task precisely. Astronomers used program data Capers (Candels-Aea Prism Epoch of Reion Survey) of the James Webb space telescope, specially designed for explore the confines of the universe. The leader of the research team, Anthony Taylor, Explain that “when looking for black holes, this is the farthest that can be reached in practice. We are really expanding the limits of what current technology can detect.” A discovery to confirm. The key to confirmation was spectroscopy, the technique that breaks down the light of an objective in its different wavelengths, such as a prism. For Identify an active black holescientists are looking for an unmistakable firm: gas that moves at extreme speeds. Turning the spiral towards the black hole, the light of the gas that moves away from us will tend towards a red wavelength, and that of the gas approaching is compressed towards the blue length. In this way, if these two trends are found, it is quite unmistakable that a black hole is ‘seeing’. In this way, the Nirspec Spectrograph The Webb detected a remarkably wide hydrogen emission line, the irrefutable test that a massive object was stirring the gas around it at speeds of up to 3,500 km/s. It belonged to something bigger. Initially, Capers-LRD-Z9 was just an intriguing motorcycle in webb images. However, it was belonging to a new and enigmatic class of objects called ‘Small red points’ (Little Red Dots or LRDS). These galaxiespresent only in the first 1.5 billion years of the universe, they are extremely compact, bright and as its name indicates very red. His discovery was “a big surprise,” according to Steven Finkelstein, co -author of the study. “They didn’t look anything like galaxies seen with Hubble.” In this way, this finding has helped explain two of the great mysteries above the table. Why are they so bright? Its brightness would suggest an unlikely number of stars for such an early era of the universe. In this way, this study confirms the theory that light comes from a supermassive black hole that is active and literally devours the subject. Something that results in hot and shines with a huge intensity. Why are they so red? The model that best suits the observations of Capers-LRD-Z9 suggests that the black hole is wrapped in a dense and neutral gas environment. This gas cloud absorbs the blue light and lets the red pass, staining the entire galaxy. Something that could be confirmed when comparing this object with other similar sources of energy. An impossible giant. The most shocking of Capers-LRD-Z9 is the size of its black hole. It is estimated that it could have a mass of up to 300 million times that of our sun. To put it in perspective, it is so massive that it could represent more than 4.5% of the total mass of all the stars of its host galaxy, a proportion much greater than the 0.1% we see in the nearby galaxies. How could it grow so much and so fast? This is one of the big questions that anyone can ask, taking into account that this black hole appeared at a very early stage of the universe. Something that questions the current models that we have on the table. Finkelstein summarizes it as follows: “This adds to the growing evidence that primitive black holes grew much faster than we thought were possible. Or they began being much more massive than our models predict.” Two models to explain its existence. The first of these is that the black hole was not born from a star, but from the direct collapse of a cloud of primary gas, starting its life with a mass of thousands of soles and growing at a normal pace. The second theory that scientists have on the table is that it was actually born from one of the first massive stars (with a mass 100 times higher than the sun) that existed. The question here is that he would have grown at a rhythm ‘Super-Edington‘, devouring matter much faster than the stable theoretical limit is considered. There is still much to find out. The team expects to obtain more observations with the Webb to unravel the secrets of this single object. “We had not been able to study the early evolution of black holes until recently,” concludes Taylor, “and we are excited to see what we can learn.” Images | Nasa Hubble Space Telescope In Xataka | Two astronomers studied the “sound of the Big Bang” and reached a disturbing conclusion: the earth is in a lonely bubble

We can reach a black hole with a billion euros and a nave of the size of a clip

by

The boldest ideas are those that often drive the greatest jumps in human knowledge. AND bold It is the best way to describe this study supported by the National Foundation of Natural Sciences of China. The objective: travel to the darkest secrets of the universe. Short. A astrophysicist from Fudan University, in Shanghai, has designed a plan to send a micronave the size and weight of a clip to the black hole closest to the Earth. The propulsion method? A potent system of lasers fired from our planet. Led by Cosimo Bambi, the exotic proposal intends Test the limits of Einstein’s relativity theory in one of the most extreme environments of the cosmos. Although technology to carry it out is not yet developed, advances in nanotechnology, laser propulsion and detection of black holes could come true in the coming decades. A black hole to discover. The mission of reaching a black hole has two huge challenges. The first is to find a viable goal. The nearest black hole we know, Gaia-Bh1is 1,560 light years. However, our cosmological models tell us that there could be a much closer black hole, “only” 20 or 25 light years of us. “There are new techniques to discover black holes”, Bambi says in a statement. “I think it is reasonable to expect that we can find a nearby one in the next decade.” An odyssey of a century: Once the objective is located, the second challenge will be to get there. Current spacecraft, chemical propulsion, are too slow. The solution proposed by Bambi are nanonaves at a scale of a few grams that only contain a microchip and A solar candle 10 square meters. A set of high -power lasers from Earth could point towards the candle, accelerating the ship to a third of the speed of light. Even at that rate, the trip to a black hole to 20 light years would last for about 70 years. The data to be collected would take another two decades to return to the earth, which places the total duration of the mission around 80 or 100 years. Many reasons to try. If the mission is successful, the experiments that these probes can perform near the black hole would answer some of the deepest unsolved questions of modern physics. Is there really a horizon of events? You could try if the non -return border of a black hole behaves how the theories predict, observing the probe signal while falling towards it. Is Einstein’s general relativity valid? Nanonave’s orbit would be used to detect any Minimum deviation of Kerr’s predictionswhich describes the spacetime around a black hole in rotation. Does the fundamental constants change? The mission could verify whether constants such as fine structure vary in such an intense gravitational field. It would not be cheap. The plan is tremendously speculative. Only the laser system would cost around a billion euros. “It may sound really crazy and, in a sense, closer to science fiction,” admits Cosimo Bambi. However, milestones such as the detection of gravitational waves or the photograph of the shadow of a black hole also seemed impossible in its day. Image | Event Horizon Telescope In Xataka | We have dedicated six years to process images of a black hole to reach a conclusion: Einstein was right

Log In

Forgot password?

Forgot password?

Enter your account data and we will send you a link to reset your password.

Your password reset link appears to be invalid or expired.

Log in

Privacy Policy

Add to Collection

No Collections

Here you'll find all collections you've created before.