graphic

There is a graphic that explains the atrocity that has occurred in Grazalema. And it helps to understand why the people continue to be evicted.

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And that graph is Nahel Belgherzea meteorologist who covers extreme events throughout the world and who, despite being used to them, has described what has occurred in the mountains of Cádiz as “hydrologically absurd.” “Hydrologically absurd”? It is. Grazalema, according to available datahas received more than 2,000 mm of rain in the last 20 days alone. That is, more than a normal year of rain and we are at the beginning of February. It is not surprising that Spanish reservoirs accumulate 43,341 hm³ of water; that is, 5,634 hm³ more than last week. As of today, Spain is at an astonishing 77.34% of its total capacity. And, in fact, today, many reservoirs continue to drain before the arrival of more water. What do you see in the graph? The graph in question is very simple: it is the accumulated rainfall for the Grazalema station. On the Additionally, in gray, you can see the cumulates from other years. And, as you can see, the curve is almost vertical: it has rained unspeakably in a few days. Compared to normal years (when the river grows in spring and winter), there is now a totally enormous water boom. Something unprecedented. And, precisely that, is what is forcing CISC technicians to continue reviewing the Grazalema aquifer. While the City Council insists that the return of the residents will take place when a safe return can be “guaranteed”, researchers from the Geological and Mining Institute of Spain (IGME) they are still on the ground. The aquifer, a geological structure 18 square kilometers in size, has been put under enormous pressure and authorities are focused on ruling out the slightest risk of collapse before the town’s inhabitants can return. The Junta de Andalucía, in fact, has been warning for days that it can go for a long time. Image | Nahel Belgherze In Xataka | Desertification is devouring southern Spain: Extremadura and Murcia face a completely dry future

The amount of nuclear energy generated by each country in the world, exposed in this graphic developer

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The use of nuclear power It is still one of the most controversial issues in the energy debate. It is worldwide due to economic, social factors and concern for something very concrete: Waste management. It seemed like him Huge deployment of renewables would end the debate, but the truth is that there are countries that follow depending greatly on nuclear energy. And this graph reflects it clearly: Three blocks. The graph is the work of Visual Capitalist with data of the ‘Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy’ and the estimate is that nuclear plants generated 2,818 THW of electricity in 2024. Approximately 10% of the electricity generated worldwide during the world during the last year, but beyond the total, which allows us to see is that there are three very even and perfectly identifiable blocks. On the one hand, that of the United States and Canada. Here Canada has ‘little’ to say, and also its centrals generated 3.6% less than the previous year, but The United States is still a giant. It generated 823 TWH that, put in context, represents about 30% of all global nuclear energy. It has 94 operational reactors and that huge amount of electricity accounted for 18% of the national total. In the Asian block we have China standing out With 451 TWH produced, 3.4% more than the previous year, South Korea with 189 TWH and both Japan and India contributing, but with lower productions. And in the European bloc, France and Russia stand out above all, which among them have a much more similar production. The interesting thing here is to see the speed at which the world in a nuclear question moves. Promoting nuclear. Because we have already seen that, although the US generated more electricity with the nuclear, it was a small percentage. If we look at the European block, we have that there are those who grow 4% (Sweden) and who decreases 4% (Spain), But we have a France that increased the production of its centrals by 12.2%. With 57 operational reactors, if there is a country that depends on nuclear energy, that is France. HE esteem that 67% of its electricity comes from nuclear. Countries such as Slovakia, Belgium, Hungary or Bulgaria also depend largely on nuclear energy. In the case of Spain20% of their energy comes from these centrals. But if we look at the Asian block, the thing changes. China impulse Its nuclear generation These last monthsbut Japan did it in 9.3% and India, who wants to consolidate as a new technological core worldwide, generated 13.3% more. In the Middle East highlights United Arab Emirates that, whose four reactors generated 22% of their electricity. Old reactors. In total, I know esteem That there are 416 operational plants worldwide (France has the same as China, a fact that reflects the importance for the neighboring country) and a problem is that most are quite old reactors. Around two thirds of them are over 30 years old and, although the estimated life is usually between 30 and 40 years old, it is easy to prolong it more time with modifications and extensions. New reactors. There are also about 70 reactors Under construction. They are distributed, but most are concentrated in Asia, especially in the two countries that are leading that world nuclear expansion: China and India. New reactors use refrigerants that can operate with more energy safety and efficiency, also generate less waste and have an estimated useful life of more than 50 years thanks to modular designs. As we say, China is one of the countries that is best betting on this energy (despite the impulse that is also giving to renewables), and within its new plants, the fourth generation reactors stand out, like the one used by molten salts or thorium. They are not the only ones, as the US, France and India are also investing in research programs to develop reactors that generate electricity from the thorium (three times more abundant than uranium) Data centers. The truth is that, although sources like RENVOABLE EXPOSEDit seems that We are far from folding both fossil fuels and to nuclear energy. Much of the fault is very demanding data centers in energy terms that even need Punctual gas supply or even coal in demands of demand peaks. In fact, some of the main technological ones such as Amazon, Google or Microsoft announced Plans to create or reactivate nuclear centrals to satisfy the energy need for your data centers for artificial intelligence. And all this while we look at a future in which the norm should be the SMR reactors… And the nuclear fusion still is on the horizon. In Xataka | Europe and Japan are working side by the greatest technical advance of humanity: the nuclear fusion reactor

The true size of the microplastics that populate our life, exposed in this disturbing graphic

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We have a gigantic problem with microplastics. These elements seem to permeate everything that surrounds us: From tap water, lettuce either Even in the testicles and in Archaeological elements with centuries behind them. The difficulty in fighting them is that we would have to Put our consumption habits up to deal with this almost invisible enemy. And this graph prepared by Visual Capitalist It allows us to put the size of microplastics in context when comparing them with more everyday elements. In short: small. Talking about microplastics, it really encompasses very diverse particles. The larger ones measure about 5,000 microns, which are five millimeters. They are small, but perfectly identifiable to the naked eye. At the extreme are those who measure a micra, and there the identification is complicated because we are talking about 0.001 millimeters. In the graph (which takes data From agencies such as the EPA, the United States Environmental Protection Agency) we can see an expanded comparison that allows us to put a microplastic of a microphone with a particle of dust, the diameter of a human hair (about 80 microns) or a grain of sand (90 microns). If a hair seems ‘fine’ and is 80 times thicker than one of the smallest microplastics, imagine the size of that particle. The nanoplastic. There is another category: nanoplastic. Here we are talking about those particles that measure less than one micra and that enter a totally different scale. Nanopathic They are the result of the breakage of larger plastics such as food containers, Plastic utensils or any element produced with this material that we use in our day to day. As they break, they become more and smaller pieces that enter the Nanoscale when they measure less than one micra. There they cannot be purchased with more family elements such as a grain of salt, but directly with particles such as the Coronaviruswhich measures between 0.1 and 0.2 microns. Problem. Its dimensions make microplastics be omnipresentbeing the most tiny particles those that are even together with other suspended particles, Like the dust we aspire. The estimate is that an adult can ingest between 39,000 and 52,000 microplastic particles per year only for the diet, but other sources such as that air exposure should be taken into account. And there are more and more studies that alert other sources of microplastics. For example, packages we all use like tuppers. Also those who detach when cutting food into a plastic table are “easy” to identify and even correct with a change in our habits, but there are other microplastics that already They are finding in bottled water. Spain is one of the European countries that More bottled water consumesso throwing accounts seems bleak. Health. For now, more than damage there are worrying indications. Blood microplastics, lungs, placenta, heart, brain and in the aforementioned testicles have been found. There are already associations between these particles and conditions such as conical inflammation, oxidative stress or immunological alterations. It is investigated whether the presence of microplastics in the capillary vessels can increase the risk of heart attack or cardiovascular problems, but something that adds more spicy to the equation is that these nanoplastic could penetrate The biological barriers. As? Crossing cell membranes as a virus would do. And ecosystems. And, obviously, they are particles that are present in virtually any corner. There are agricultural soils, lakes and The oceans. Apart from the conditions similar to the human that could have other organisms, we are what we eat and Animals feed on elements containing microplasticsso those particles then end within us. As we say, there is increasingly a greater concern about the state of microplastics around us, but the big problem is that eliminating them seems especially complicated when, we look where we look, there are microplastics. The positive note? How to change large -scale habits seems complex, there are already those who are investigating Filters to reduce the amount of microplastics That come to us. In addition to much more invasive practices, as filtered with human blood… if you have a money. In Xataka | Japan has found a formula to overcome one of the biggest environmental problems: plastic that falls apart

The most powerful countries in Europe according to their GDP, grouped in this graphic developer

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GDP is the main thermometer of the size and growth of the economy of a country. This has traditionally been reflecting the value of the goods and services produced within a country And it is something that allows us to compare the performance between regions. But, if lately it has been more on everyone’s lips, it has been for the Ukraine Warby the REQUIREMENT OF US ADMINISTRATION in terms of defense and for the European rear. Given this, it is interesting to take an eye on the situation in Europe, comparing the GDP of their countries and regions to have a more global idea of ​​the economy of the neighbors. And this graph shows it perfectly. The pizza. Prepared by Visual Capitalist and using the International Monetary Fund As a source, we can see in a very clear way the size of the economy of the different countries. But there is something important to take into account: if the GDP of any of these countries does not fit you (that of Spain, for example, it was 1,593,136 million euros in 2024 and there it says that it is 2,800,000 million dollars, the fault has the parity of purchasing power. Parity of what? PPA -Parity of purchasing power or PPP in English- is a correction that allows us to compare more directly the price of goods and services between countries. The graph has been prepared by adjusting the GDP by PPA, which allows the size and purchasing power of the different economies. What is this for? In order to measure what can really be purchased locally instead of directly transforming GDP to the international standard change, which is usually the US dollar. Thus, and using an exchange rate that eliminates the distortions of the different currency markets, the panorama is more fairly compared. In short: Economies with undervalued or overvalued coins with respect to the dollar are represented in a more adjusted way to reality and the standard of living, economic well -being and real size of the economies can be better compared. By zones. Given this, we see that, apart from Russia, Germany, the United Kingdom and France, there are more aligned economies such as Italy, Spain, Poland or Netherlands, those four above 1,000 billion dollars, and then the rest of the countries. But, if we distinguish in zones, we see the enormous weight of the aforementioned Russia and Germany. The western zone has a GDP adjusted per PPA of 14,800,000 million dollars for the 12,800,000 of the Eastern Europe. The southern Europe (curiously the so -called ‘Pigs’) with Italy, Spain, Portugal or Greece has that adjusted GDP of 8,300,000 million and that of the north (including the United Kingdom and with Sweden, Ireland, Denmark, Norway or Finland) with a GDP per PPA of 7,800,000 million. Unequal growth. When the nominal GDP is measured, the thing changes. Western Europe would continue first with a GDP of 11,000,000 million, the north with 6,500,000 million, the south with 5,200,000 million and Eastern Europe is the one that falls loudly with 4,600,000 million. Reason? Adjected to the PPA, Russia occupies a huge portion of the cake, but the nominal GDP relegates it to the middle part of the table with a GDP of 2,100,000 million. These regional disparities are what has historically marked a two -speed economic development. Europe has been adjusted and changes for a few years. In that panorama, Russia Lithuania, Iceland or Montenegro are from the countries that grow the most this year. Luxembourg, Ireland or Estonia, decrease. Others grow (Spain), and we see cases such as France or Germany in stagnation. In general, the growth From the Eurozone it was 0.7% and the European Union of 0.8%, but we must see how situations such as external factors, structural tensions or industrial slowdown in some countries to the photo of the European GDP of 2025. In Xataka | Ukraine and Trump’s uncertainty are pushing Europe to recover something until recently anathema: the mili

The most powerful countries and with greater electricity consumption per capita, ordered in this graphic developer

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He Electric consumption It is a great thermometer for countries. The amount of energy we consume is an economic, but also social, climate indicator, of technological decisions and even lifestyle. The reason is that there is a wide range of factors that influence this consumption, and the following graph prepared by Visual Capitalist We can see what are the 15 countries with the highest GDP in the world which consume more electricity per capita. The surprise is called … Canada. Oh, Canada. The data comes from Ember and reflect the difference between the consumption of electricity per capita of the main world economies In 2024 and the one they had in 2000. A quarter of a century is more than enough to see a change in this regard, but what has not varied an apex are the two nations that lead the graph. Canada occupies the first position with consumption in 2024 of 15,708 kWh per person in 2024. The figure is considerably less than the one that registered 24 years ago and that high consumption is driven by an industry (especially mining and Aluminum production) very demanding at the energy level and for the electricity necessary to withstand the long winters. The United States, with 12,741 kWh per person, is not behind and the reasons are very similar: industry and air conditioning (which is at an excessive temperature both in winter and in summer). South Korea and China. Australia is another of the countries that traditionally exceeded 10,000 kWh per person, but these last 24 years have passed something curious: South Korea has glued a time comeback in this indicator. Here we enter that of electricity consumption as an economic thermometer, by relating the passage of the 6,200 kWh at 12,100 kWh due to an advance in advanced industrialization and manufacturing, especially in the segment of semiconductors and cars, as well as the growth of data centers. In China we live a very similar phenomenon, with a consumption of about 1,100 kWh in 2000 and one of 7,100 kWh currently due to that same technological expansion with the Accelerated industrialization in steelaluminum, electronics, data centers, semiconductors and electric vehicles as main protagonists. In addition, even if it is practically half of the per capita consumption of Canada, we are talking about a population of 1,400 million people compared to about 40 million. To put it in percentage: 17% of the world population compared to 0.5%. Logical. But the increase in consumption in these two countries is not only due to industrialization. Japan also has a strong industry and consumption has remained practically identical. There is another factor: The increase in middle classespecially in China. The increase of living standards, urbanization and electrification in homes has contributed considerably to this increase in consumption. Migration to large cities has generated a boom in construction and electrification due to the use of appliances, services and goods such as electric cars. Now, that is causing other problems, such as a life train incompatible with the formation of families wave Lack of people working in factoriesbeing two of the Shared problems with their neighbors Japan and South Korea. Two prominent outside the graphic. Germany, Spain and Italy have consumption very similar to those of 25 years ago, but if we look beyond this classification for the 15 main world economies, we have two names that eclipse everyone else. On the one hand, Iceland, with an imposing consumption of 51,920 kWh per person, thanks to the fact that there are not many Icelanders (about 300,000), but they do have A very potent industry such as aluminum, as well as very few hours of light and an extreme climate that requires constant lighting and heating. In Norway they also put the heating and light the lights, they also have an industry and a high standard of living that allows high consumption, but something that helps its consumption of 24,580 kWh per capita is a tremendous electric car park. In fact, in 2024, Almost 90% of the new cars sold were 100% electricwith what this entails at the charge level both at home and in public networks- In Xataka | This chart exposes self -sufficient countries at the food level. There is a single winner: Guyana

The amount of caffeine of the drinks we consume daily, exhibited in this graphic

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The caffeine It is one of the most consumed substances in the world. HE esteem that about 80% of the world’s population consumes caffeine daily and, although Coffee is an important sourceit is also present in tea, coffee, matte grass, cocoa pods or in Kola’s nut -Coca-Cola noticel-. However, it can also be produced synthetically to add it to soft drinks, energy drinks or supplements. And in this graph prepared by Visual Capitalistwe can see how much caffeine the drinks we constantly consume. The graph. Prepared with data from EFSA (The European Food Security Authority, in Spanish) After surveying To more than 66,500 people from 22 European countries, the graph is quite self -explanatory. In some publications of this type the brand is usually obvious, but the really useful thing about this graph is that, directly, the amount of caffeine in commercial drinks is indicated as Monster, Red Bull either Prime (A brand created by The controversial Logan Paul). It is also useful that both the milligrams of caffeine of drinks and the amount of liquid we consume are offered, since we can calculate more effectively “how many Red Bull I can take to have a safe dose.” A Monster It is what has the most caffeine, but also because the sample is half a liter. Prime, with less quantity (330 ml), is close to the caffeine of a monster with its 140 mg. And it is curious that the drink that gives us wings has on a boat the same amount as a double espresso: 80 mg. Not only caffeine. What happens with energy drinks is that, like EFSA itself detailsthe stimulant they contain is not limited to caffeine. Apart from that compound, they have other ingredients such as bullfighting or D-Gucorone-y-lactona. Bullfighting is an amino acid that participates in the control of cell calcium and cardiac function, associated with the improvement of sports resistance by allowing high efforts for longer, reducing fatigue. The D-Glucurono-Y-Lactona is a metabolite of the glucuronic that helps in the synthesis of vitamin C, and both are safe for their rapid metabolization, although they can have secondary effects such as some digestive discomfort in high consumption. And if caffeine, bullfighting and D-Glucurono-γ-lactone were little, something more harmful must be added to the cocktail: huge amounts of sugar in these energy drinks. Consumption by age. EFSA has created a table that indicates how many mg of caffeine we consume daily depending on our age: age range Daily consumption From 75 years 22-417 mg Between 65 and 75 years 23-362 mg between 18 and 65 years 37-319 mg between 10 and 18 years 0.4-1.4 mg/kg between 3 and 10 years 0.2-2.0 mg/kg between 12 and 36 months 0-2.1 mg/kg Among adults, the coffee It is the most important source of caffeine, representing between 40% and 94% of total daily intake. In Ireland and the United Kingdom, the thing changes, and that main source is tea, representing between 59% and 57% of the intake, respectively. Among teenagers, the main source of caffeine is chocolate (both in bar and cocoa drinks), followed by coffee, tail drinks and tea. And from 10 years down, coffee disappears and chocolate continues to reign, followed by tea and tail drinks. Safe consumption, but with asterisks. One of the issues that continues to worry who seeks to take care is how much caffeine is a lot of caffeine. The 400 mg a day have been taken as the universal measure to say that it is the “safe” amount, but it is something that depends on several factors. For example, unique doses of caffeine of up to 200 mg do not present security problems for the healthy adult population. But if you are a woman and you are pregnant, that safe figure goes down to 200 mg per day, distributed throughout the day. In addition, if unique doses of 100 mg are consumed before going to sleep, the sleep quality pattern can be altered, but it is something that does not happen in all adults. But of course, everything depends on a key term: healthy population, since there are studies that relate caffeine to negative effects on chronic sleep restriction phases and, although it is used as a stimulant in sports, Its effects will be more or less beneficial depending on the sport we practice or the decisions we should make. In Xataka | In 1985 Coca-Cola changed her formula when Pepsi was about to defeat her. It went wrong

The greatest economies of tourism, exposed in this graphic revealing

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Tourism is an important economic engine for many countries. In countries like Spain, Talk about tourism is Talk about recordsbeing the fountain of about 13% of GDP. The Spanish scenario is very aligned with that of other Titans such as Mexico either Italybut there are three countries that are unmarked, being – for much – the greatest economies of tourism. And it is estimated that one of them will turn the tortilla in the next decade: China. The tourism economy. The previous graph is prepared by Visual Capitalist and the largest economies linked to tourism in 2024 are shown. data They correspond to the World Travel & Tourism Council, or WTTC, and the money that tourism contributed to the economy of each country during the last year is explored. The undisputed queen is the United States, being the tourist titan with an estimate of 2,400,000 million that arrived only for tourism and with around 18 million jobs depend on this sector with New York as Main destination. China is in second position, with a tourism sector that contributed $ 1,300 billion to the country’s coffers, practically half of the total of the United States. Far from both of them is Germanywith a tourism that contributed 488,000 million dollars to its economy, and the rest of the top 10 countries are more aligned below 300,000 million. China, heat what you go out. As we say, although in second place, China is far from the United States. However, the WTTC predict That the sorpasso will occur in the next decade, becoming the new queen economy of tourism. The arguments are a Increase in middle class income and a national impulse to accelerate the development of the sector. Not only do they estimate that tourism will contribute 14% of the national GDP (an imposing fact if we take into account that at the moment It is about 19,000 billions of dollars, or 19 billion ours), but it will also be the First Source of Tourists worldwide. By the way, 14% of GDP, if GDP remained as currently, is about 2,600,000 million dollars. Europe. Within the top 10 countries such as Mexico, India or Japan whose GDP also depends largely on tourism, but if something is clear, outside the two Titans, Europe carries the singing voice. Germany is the power, followed by FranceItaly and Spain closing the list. And something that plays in favor of all of them, and that they have in common, is the artistic, cultural and gastronomic heritage so different, also as strong lines of communication thanks to the trains (which now they want to be promoted With new night trains) and To the plane. Dependence. The graphic reflects the money that tourism contributes to the economy, not which country receives more visitors or the relationship between tourism money and GDP. But although for all of them it is a good piece of the cake of the gross domestic product, There are other countries in which this tourism is vital. Tourism in Malta or Croatia, for example, represents about 15% of GDP, and if there are cities that are complain about touristificationin the case of Malta we have a curious case. Account With about 540,000 inhabitants and in 2024 received Approximately 3.5 million tourists. Only during August, he had about 429,000 tourists, which means practically matching the population of the island. And this is a blessing, but also a problem for economies so specialized and under tourism, which may be more vulnerable to crisis. In Xataka | The hoteliers promised them happy in a summer of record tourism. Until the ghost reserves arrived

How much electricity produces each country with renewable energy, exposed in a graphic

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Europe has been Up on the Renewable Train. This summer they have SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCTION REGRESSESwe are installing new huge wind turbines And, although with contradictions such as import energy from Africait is evident that the continent carries a Cruise speed in renewables. However, that train goes to two speeds, with countries in which renewables are hardly nothing in their electricity generation. And it is something that we can perfectly appreciate on this map elaborated by Visual Capitalist. Vanguard. With Eurostat data until December 2024, we can see that The transition to renewables He goes with the wind in favor. The generation of energy from wind, solar, hydroelectric, the Geothermal and the biofuels They already represent values ​​that exceed 99% of the net electricity generation of some countries. In general, it is estimated that, as of December 2024, the European Union obtained almost 42% of its net electricity from the renewable sources, being wind and hydroelectric plant the fundamental legs of this change. Interestingly, despite all Advances in panel technology and wind turbines, the countries in which renewables are more important have as the protagonist the hydroelectric. This is the case of Albania, which leads the list by generating more than 99% of its electricity from renewables, or Norway. In the case of Denmark, a country that occupies third place, it is the wind that marks the guideline. To the tail… When we said that the train goes to two speeds, we refer to cases such as the Czech Republic, Moldova and Malta. In some areas of Central and Eastern Europe, the fossil fuels are still crucialand the three countries mentioned are the least proportion of renewables in their electricity generation. As a red lantern, we have Kosovo with just 8.8% of its energy from renewables. The sources. Something interesting is to know which are those renewables that are pushing clean energy in Europe. In Spain, for example, We throw ourselves into the arms of the plotbut the energy mix that has contributed to these numbers, depends a lot on each country, and in the European photo, the plot is in third place. According to Eurostat, wind energy meant 39.1% of the renewable energy produced in 2024, followed by 29.9% of the hydroelectric and 22.4% of the solar. The biofuel is far, with 8.1%, and the geothermal energy is marginal, contributing only 0.5%. Situation in 2024 A devastating advance. And beyond distinguishing in countries, if we look at the global situation, we see that more than 40% of the net energy produced by the EU in 2024 comes from renewables. According to Eurostat, 47.3% of electric production, which translates into 1.31 million GW/Hy an increase of 7.7% compared to 2023. Evolution of energy production during the last 35 years In that same graph We can see that fossil fuels have fallen by 7.2% compared to the previous year (almost the same as renewables) and nuclear, despite the plans of some countries, grew by 4.8%. We will see what course this has in 2026, since a Eurobarometer survey carried out in June 2025 Indian Strong support from EU citizens to the adoption of renewables, but we will have to see if that renewable deployment is compatible with another that is being performing ambitious and You need huge amounts of energy: the one Data centers. Images | Eurostat In Xataka | Something is happening with wind energy. Its deployment has stopped while solar energy grows unstoppable

The most self -sufficient countries on the planet at the food level, gathered in a surprising graphic

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Humanity has eaten what it played For thousands of years. With globalizationhe has started eating what he wants and that, together with the population increase, It has consequences. Not being able to meet the demand of some foods, Import is a necessity. But it turns out that there is a unique country in the world, a completely self -sufficient one if we talk about food. Guyana The All-Star of Self-sufficiency. In the upper graph, prepared by Visual Capitalistwe can see the 50 most self -sufficient countries in the world at the food level. It reflects seven food groups: Fruit. Vegetables. Legumes. Starchy foods such as flours or rice. Meat. Fish. Dairy. And the only country that not only complies, but exceeds the production of what its population of each of these groups needs is Guyana. It is a small country of about 815,000 inhabitants located in northern South America that has shot your GDP These last years. Partly, thanks to discovery Of great oil reserves in 2015, but before that boom, their agricultural and mining industry were the ones that pulled the car. Closing the podium. So much that it is, as we say, the only one that produces its own food in all groups, highlighting in one that does not usually highlight: starchy foods. Closing the podium, we must look at Asia. Vietnam and China are two other countries that meet in six of the seven groups. The common strong point is the production of meat and fish (Meritory in the case of China, but At the expense of half -world folders). The weak is that of dairy products. It is common in Asia, with cases as dramatic as Indonesia, Thailand, Tonga, Laos or Philippines, which satisfy 0% of their dairy consumption with the national product. To the tail … On the other side of the balance we have Armenia, Thailand and Greece. The three countries are in the group of those that meet in the production of four categories (where the vast majority of countries are found), but with low percentages in general in almost all groups and a total dependence on dairy and vegetables in the case of Thailand, starchy and, curiously, fish in the case of Greece and legumes and fish in the case of Armenia. Europe and the fruits that come through those who come out. Taking an eye on the panorama of the member countries of the European Union (Greece is an example), we see that some falter, others stand out. And vice versa. The north, for example, does not get along with the Fruit culturesomething that does stand out in the countries of the South. The key in this case is the Single market Agricultural that allows food products to circulate freely between member countries, without regulatory tariffs or barriers. More than 70% of EU’s food products is carried out between member countries, being something that ensures balance and supply even in cases of local productive problems. In Xataka | The size of the submerged economy of all countries in the world, exposed in this developer map

The largest steel producers in the world, exposed in this graphic that shows two totally different leagues

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On our way to decarbonization, Steel is a problem. For each ton we produce, They emit two of co₂ to the atmosphere, but although We are studying alternatives further sustainableremains indispensable in a world where there are countries wrapped in a Loca Carrera for Megaconstructions. Someone must produce all that steel we need, and as is the case with the Aluminum industrythat of steel has an indisputable own name: China. And it is something that can be seen perfectly in this graph elaborated by Visual Capitalist: The Chinese monster. The data comes from the World Steel Association and reflect an overwhelming reality. If the world produced about 1,884.6 million tons of steel in 2024, more than half were the work of China. The rest of the countries are very, far away and, removing India with the giant Tata Steel Group that benefited from an increase in infrastructure investment in recent months, the rest of the producers are quite aligned. That China leads this sector is not a coincidence. After the Foundation of the Popular Republic in 1949, the State considered that the production of steel was something crucial For industrialization. Domestic demand is gigantic due to the boom of both manufacturing and infrastructure and construction in general and,, although they exportown consumption is very important. USA wants to recover land. That domain is a problem for the rest of the countries. That China produces more steel than the rest of the world together makes us depend on its product (as with the solar panels wave Rare Earth Production). The United States, another historical steel producer, does not want to lose so much land and in recent months it has started movements to recover control of its industry. Us Steel is one of the historic steel producers who was about to be bought by the Japanese giant Nippon Steel. Joe Biden, in one of the last movements of his mandate, decided to block the purchase claiming national security motifs. This decision sent a message, but also fed ghosts from the pasttensing relationships with Japan. Europe out of the photo. In Europe, the bastion of steel is Germany. Its production is among the highest in the world, but we will have to see for how long. As we read in The New York Times, the Airías have experienced a fall of 11.6% during the first half of 2025. In addition, despite the high technology of factories such as Tata Steel in the Netherlands, environmental regulations, the Chinese dumping and tariff hostility are pushing Europe to a situation in which he paints less and less in the photo of the steel worldwide. HE esteem that Spain produced 11.9 million tons in 2024, assuming a 3.7% increase compared to the yearterior, but although some countries have experienced a Alcista trend in its production, demand remains high, the need to reduce emissions and imports from the EU – especially asian steel – increases pressure on internal production. Without limit. And it’s a problem. Now, another interesting element of all this is that, although there is a steel hunger, the main producers produce … too much. According to the OECD, the excess world capacity will reach the 721 million tons in 2027. China herself is Taking measures to stop the blind expansion of your industry. For example, a production control, asking companies to only produce under a firm order or suspend the expansion of steel production capacity, decision made in August last year. They are measures to limit overcapacity and that Your industry does not die of success Due to the low price that steel could reach worldwide, but although it seems a very local measure, taking into account its enormous production, any movement in this sense is something that has an impact on the rest of the world. In Xataka | Before the lack of steel, the ships of World War II began to be built with an unusual material: concrete

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