eyes

There is nothing to make blue in blue eyes. If we want to understand why, we have to resort to physics

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Many of us learned first genetics lessons through peas and eye color. But there is more science when Explain the color that acquire our eyes. Not only does physics intervene but also a somewhat more complex biology than we believed in the beginning. Nature and blue. The blue color It is not one of the most frequent In nature. Perhaps that is why exceptions such as the flowers of this color, the plumages of some birds or the wings of certain insects are striking. A reason is in the optimization of resources. Blue pigments are molecules that reflect light in certain segments of the electromagnetic spectrum, those of blue tones, giving color to an object. The problem with these molecules is that They usually have a large size. This makes them difficult to synthesize by living beings so, if they do not offer a significant evolutionary advantage, they will not be created by our body. It is not chemical, it is physical. That is why when we see the blue color in nature, it is likely that its origin is not in a chemical compound but in some physical phenomenon. This is what happens, for example, in the case of the plumage of some birds, whose origin is in nanostructures whose shape is responsible for reflecting the light in short lengths of the visible spectrum, those of blue color. And it is also the case with blue eyes. Absence of pigmentation. Only that in the case of blue eyes it is not about the nanostructures but of the iris and of the Tyndall effectan effect similar to the person responsible for seeing the blue sky (and the red sunsets), Explain in an article in The conversation Davinia Beaver, expert in regenerative medicine of the Bond University, in Australia. When the light enters our eye, the suspended particles found in it interact with the shortest spectrum lengths, causing them to disseminate more, “bouncing” thus part of the blue color of the waves outside. The brown, quite the opposite. This effect does not occur among people with brown eyes because there is a pigment in this. This “catch” part of the light causing it not to escape so easily from the eye, giving darker tones. The pigment in question: melaninthe same responsible for darker skin tones. There are more eyes colors, such as green or “hazelnut color” eyes. These colors can be seen as the combination of the dispersion of the light of the Tyndall effect, modulated by a certain presence of melanin, either in small quantities or concentrated in some regions of the iris. Genetics is not so simple. The genetics we study in our school stage, of course, is simple, a simplified version of what we know about this field of biology. A field, in addition, that has been advancing over time, becoming more complex as we detract more and more details about its operation, Beaver remembers. Point out, for example, there are several genes that affect the appearance of our eyes, so family ins and outs that lead to one or another eye color may not be as perceptible as we believe. Eye color can also change as a result of other factors such as our age, as melanin accumulates in our eyes, which usually happens during growth. Certain medical conditions, Beaver adds, can also influence this color. In Xataka | We have been trying to decipher if all humans see the colors the same. We still have no response Image | Michael Morse

In the eyes of the DGT, a Seat Ibiza contaminates more than a Lamborghini. The government wants to end it

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The environmental label system It is broken Practically since he was born. The labels Zero, echo, c and b They try to order from least to greater the environmental impact of the different vehicles that circulate in Spain. The problem? It is quite imprecise and leaves both manufacturers and drivers to make certain traps (never loading a PHEV, supercar with small gigantic batteries and engines, etc.). Almost ten years after its implementation, the Government of Spain will make a Tag system review. It does not rule out making deep changes in it and changing the assignment of environmental badges. Why now. Through a transactional amendment of Sumar, ERC, Bildu and BNG, included in the Sustainable Mobility Law, the Government has pledged to make a study and review of the current environmental labeling system. A period of twelve months is given for the Executive to present said study, including the proposal to review the badges. Although they have not transcended details about the modifications, which must still be studied, there are several suspects under the focus. Zero and Eco Tags . Manufacturers have been taking advantage of the necessary requirements to obtain the ECO and zero label. The first protect all vehicles hybrids with more than 40km of electrical autonomy and those vehicles that work with gas (LPG either CNG). The second to all electric and hybrids with electric autonomy of less than 40km. Many of these vehicles They don’t even rechargeand end up always working with fuel. Others directly have ridiculous autonomies in electrical mode and gigantic motors. This is the case of some Manufacturers Supercars such as Lamborghini. Huge engines with unbroken powers and minimal autonomies in electric mode. CO2 criteria. Another of the biggest problems of the distinctive system has to do with real carbon dioxide emissions. It is a criterion that is not measured directly, the system is based on euro regulations (which already reflect emissions) putting the focus on the age of the vehicle and not in how much it really pollutes. How will it be done. The Government will review the environmental label system, use CO2 emissions as an additional criteria, and focus on those polluting vehicles with ECO label. To achieve this, a joint work will be done with the Ministries of Interior, Transport and Sustainable Mobility, Industry and Commerce and Business, among others. Similarly, consultations will be made to the different autonomous communities. The changes will not be retroactive, they will only affect new registration vehicles. This new classification will only be effective in vehicles recently taken from the concessionaire, which are already in circulation will not see their label modified. The chaos with the zbe. The measure will not solve the current chaos with Las Zbe in Spain. In Granada they are mocking her by changing the registerMadrid continues to discuss their impact after The Varapalo of the Superior Court of Justiceand while Spain is still committed to this system a good part of the public transport system It was renewed with diesel fleets. With a maximum period of 12 months, the government faces one of the most complex reviews in the automobile industry. Changes will deeply affect The sale of certain cars in Spainand the criteria for considering that a vehicle is or not polluting are now in the air. Image | DGT In Xataka | Guide to know if your car can circulate through the Zbe of Madrid in 2024: labels, registered and areas

China is eating the European car in front of our eyes. And Spain is serving as advanced

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China is flooding Europe with their cars. Electric, hybrid or combustion (one of the Weapons that Chinese companies have To skip them Tariffs imposed by the European Union), China’s arrival cars are making its way to elbow in the main European markets. But there are three in which the penetration is spectacular, so much that of the total of Chinese vehicles enrolled in Europe this year, three countries receive 70% of those registrations. They are the United Kingdom, Spain and Italy, and China knows that it must continue to tighten. Evolution. The Schmidt Automotive Research analysts has published a graph in which we can see the evolution of the car registration Chinese in those three markets. For 2024, six out of ten Chinese cars enrolled in Europe did it in those three countries. United Kingdom and Italy have been hesitant at some times, but in Spain quarter after quarter have grown. During the first period of 2025, however, enrollments grew in the three countries, touching the percentage of 70% of all Chinese cars in Europe. Regarding the total market share, according to Dataforcehave gone from 2.5% in April 2014 to 4.1% in April of this year. British connection. The British case is curious for several reasons. The first because Chinese companies must Adapt your cars with the right steering wheelsomething unique throughout the European territory. The second is the most important: as the United Kingdom is not part of the European Union, it does not share the tariffs imposed on the Chinese car that have implemented the rest of the countries of the Union. This allows a more comfortable entry for manufacturers, but from Schmidt they also point out that the British market is, traditionally, less loyal to brands and, therefore, consumers are more open to new brands. This was already seen when they adopted virgin marks in the territory, such as Daewoo or Chevrolet, in the early 2000s. Spearheads. The proper names are the already known. Byd is betting strongly on expand its vehicle porpholio in our land and wants to become One of the largest fish on the market. MG was one of the best -selling brands and Xpeng He has just landed in the United Kingdom and He already did it in 2024 in Spain. The company plans to be present in 60 countries by the end of 2025 and wants to have a powerful network of dealers to strengthen its positioning. The Chery group with Momoda and Jaecoo are opening concessionaires, but there are More examples of Chinese companies They are establishing or looking for home to sell their vehicles. But, beware, also to manufacture them. Strategy. Because that expansion goes beyond bringing vehicles directly from China: it goes to manufacture them on European soil. For several reasons. One is Understand the European uservery different from Chinese in tastes and preferences. Another is better to dodge tariffs. Spain is an example of how Chinese companies are looking to settle. Cherywhat was made After a long soap opera With the Nissan factory in Barcelona, already manufactures the Ebro S800 on Spanish soil. And they are not just cars factories. Spain is playing for free In the case of tariffs because something as important is played as Iberian pig exports to the Asian giant, and the fruits of that approach to China is the arrival of Investments such as Catl in Aragon to electrify Stellantis vehicles. Perspective. That in only three countries there are almost 70% of the registrations of all cars that Chinese companies bring to Europe is an extremely relevant fact because it implies that they are the most interested markets and where they can receive the bulk of the strategy for the next months. It is no longer just that China has huge ships prepared to continue flooding with their cars those territories, but can lead to more strategic alliances and a search for a search for Premium positioning as lever for expansion among other user groups. Image | Xiaomi EV Factory In Xataka | Byd broke the barrier of 100,000 million dollars of income in 2024. It is an unknown milestone for Tesla

China’s military and civil nuclear capacity grows at an unprecedented rate. The US does not take away your eyes off

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China has deservedly consolidated as the country to which all the nations that bet on nuclear energy look. It currently has 58 nuclear reactors whose joint capacity is approximately 61 GWE (electric gigawatts). Besides, It has another 28 reactors under construction that will add additional 33.65 GWE. And just a month ago the State Council approved the construction of 10 more nuclear reactors. China is already the second country with more machines of this type, only behind the US. In any case, the best asset of this Asian country is its commitment to innovation. And the reactor of Molten Sales and Torio TMSR-LF1 is a very valuable letter of presentation. This machine received the approval of the Chinese Nuclear Safety Administration in mid -June 2023 after having successfully completed the initial testing phase that started in 2021. and since then the itinerary that had set the Institute of Applied Physics of Shanghai, which is the institution responsible for its tuning. As explained by the American nuclear engineer Nick Touran In your tweetthe TMSR-LF1 reactor officially entered into operation on October 11, 2023. A few months later, on June 17, 2024, He started working at full power. And on October 8 of last year the technicians who operate it detected protacinium-233 (PA-233), a radioactive isotope intermediate derived from the transformation of the thorium into Uranium-233 as part of the fuel cycle of the thorium. This nuclear reactor is in the Minqin industrial complex of the province of Gansu, in northern China. It has a power of 2 thermal megawatts (MWT), and, although it will not be the first Fourth Generation Nuclear Reactor In activity, and not the first one that Torio will use as fuel, it will be the first of molten salts that will use this chemical element. However, the ambition of this Asian country does not end here; It is already planning to build a molten salts and more capacity sales reactor for 2030. The modernization of China’s nuclear arsenal is accelerating Nuclear physics has two faces. We all know that the knowledge that has given us can be used to generate electricity and favor the development of large population masses, as we have just seen, but it can also be used to produce weapons of mass destruction. China carried out its first test with an atomic bomb in 1964. Initially its scientists had the help of Soviet nuclear engineers, but this alliance was broken in 1959 and the country that was then led by Mao Zedong was forced to continue with this project without having any external help. This isolation did not prevent China from carrying out the first test with a hydrogen bomb in 1967, just three years after launching its first atomic bomb. During the next three decades the Chinese nuclear armament continued advancing, although Mao never aspired to deal with the number of atomic and hydrogen bombs With the US or the Soviet Union first, and Russia later. His doctrine pursued China’s survival by resorting to deterrence, but without directly involving themselves in the cold war that the two hegemonic powers held at the end of the 20th century. “Beijing has the ambition to create a wide sphere of influence in the regions of the Indian and the Pacific, as well as becoming the leading world power” The funny thing is that everything changed during the first decade of the 21st century. China’s economic capacity was growing and its scientific and technical development during the second half of the twentieth century had been out of all doubt. The US government was already realized that this Asian country was consolidating as a superpower Able to dispute your world supremacy. This was the context in which the tension between these two countries was born that seems to be currently reaching its peak. The following literal extract of the document that collects The National Security Strategy Published by the US government in October 2022, it reflects very clearly why it considers China a threat: “The People’s Republic of China (RPC) is the only competitor that has both the intention of remodeling international order and, increasingly, more and more Economic, diplomatic, military and technological capacity To do so. Beijing has the ambition to create a wide sphere of influence in the regions of the Indian and the Pacific, as well as to become the leading world power. “These lines perfectly condense the background history that has triggered the international situation in which we meet. If we stick to its military development the US Department of Defense He estimates that China currently has an arsenal made up of More than 600 nuclear eyeletsand plans to increase this figure until reaching 1,000 eyelets in 2030. USA and Russia have an arsenal of approximately 5,200 and 5,500 eyelets respectively, although many of them are in reserve and others will be dismantled. China has less eyelets, it is evident, but at least rivals with the US if we stick to the sophistication of its intercontinental ballistic missiles, its nuclear submarines, its bomber and its hypersonic missiles. Let us trust that China, the US, Russia and the other nuclear powers enter and stop this climbing of the nuclear weapons. Image | Пресguese More information | US Department of Defense In Xataka | China prepares the mate to the US: it will have its own UVE lithography team to make chips in 2025

We think we know ourselves. The “Johari Window” shows you with the eyes of those around you

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Beyond the extremes that Robert Louis Stevenson described in his novel ‘The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde ‘all people house a ‘I‘private and one public. However, many people do not really know their potential ‘I‘private, nor are they aware of How people perceive it of your surroundings. Knowing it is essential for many facets of life in society, but, above all, in the workplace and personal development. The Johari window It is a simple but powerful tool that allows visualize these differences and similaritieshelping people identify His hidden strengths and areas of improvement in social skills. Johari window: views in and out Johari’s window is A human interaction model created in 1955 by psychologists Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham, whose objective was to illustrate communication processes and Dynamics of human relations. The name “Johari” arises from the combination of their first names, Joseph and Harry. Currently, the Johari window It is used for different purposes: from the improvement of interpersonal communication and team collaboration, to the development of Leadership skills and the identification of hidden skills. Johari’s window allows people to better understand their behavior patterns, emotions and skills, facilitating both individual and collective growth in the members of a team. However, and despite being a very useful exercise, its results should not be taken as an absolute and definitive truth. Both the facet of self -knowledge, and the perception that other people have of you are subject to Subjective biases and perceptionsso its results must be taken as an indicative, not as a certainty. The four areas of the Johari window Johari’s window is divided into four quadrants that represent different types of information about a person: the public area, the blind area, the hidden area and the unknown area. The public or known area. It contains the features and behaviors that both the person and the others know. It is the visible and shared personality part, such as kindness or leadership capacity. The blind area. It includes aspects that others perceive, but that the person does not recognize in themselves. Identifying this quadrant is key to personal growth, since it reveals opportunities for improvement through the honest feedback of the people around you. The hidden area. It covers information that the person knows, but who decides not to share with others, such as thoughts, emotions or private experiences. The unknown area. It represents everything that neither the person nor their environment knows, including latent or potential skills not yet explored. Working this quadrant can open new development and learning opportunities. Have you heard about leaving your comfort zone? Because that can be an excellent way to explore this quadrant of the Johari window. Look at Johari’s window Using the Johari window for personal development implies an active process of self -assessment and openness to feedback by your environment. A first step is to make a list of strengths and weaknesses, and then ask friends, family or colleagues to describe How they perceive you. Compare these perceptions helps identify coincidences and differences, expanding the public area and reducing the blind. Honest feedback and willing to share personal information gradually are fundamental to expand the open area. In addition, pay attention to the reactions of others, reflect on what is hidden and experience Discover unknown aspects and strengthen self -awareness. In this way, it can be discovered that, you thought they were positive leadership values ​​such as diligence and discipline, your environment can perceive it as a negative toxic behavior of narcissism and authoritarianism. Not only tell how you think you are, but How your environment perceives you. Above all, when part of a work team. In Xataka | Ascend to become an incompetent: how Peter’s principle ruins the brightest employees Image | Unspash (Summarize genius)

That my mobile can see for me is as scary as fascinating. I have tried Gemini Live’s eyes

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In December 2024 OpenAi surprised the world with a simply brutal function: Chatgpt had “eyes” and was able to see and interpret the world in real time. The demo was simply impressive: the app, through the camera, could recognize everything I saw. And everything is everything. In early 2025, Google announced great novelty to Gemini Liveyour advanced voice mode. A way that comes to compete directly with this chatgpt function, and that is already available for Google Pixel 9 and Samsung Galaxy S25. As long as you pay the Advanced subscription. I have been able to prove this function in a Google Pixel 9 Pro. And yes, it’s as impressive as you might think. The interface. Acting the new “Vision” modes of Gemini Live is quite simple. You just have to open the app and go to the advanced voice mode (the icon of the lower right corner). Once Gemini Live is opened, you will see two new direct accesses: one to give access to the camera and another to give access to your screen. Because yes, you can also read the content of the screen in real time. Camera mode. When activating the camera mode, Gemini will see everything that the camera transmits. It is simply spectacular how it is capable of recognizing absolutely everything, and how quickly is recognizing concrete aspects such as plant types, technological device model (without putting anything in it). We can ask you everything, and it serves as a guide, translator and … private professor. The latter has seemed spectacular: solve equations, psychotechnical problems and all kinds of questions explaining the step by step. Screen mode. This mode is perhaps the most movie at the privacy level but, if we are willing, Gemini is able to read everything you see on the screen. We can ask you any issues related to it. In this case I have not seemed so useful, since Google Lens gives us in a look at the necessary information if we are looking for something in particular. However, it is another sample of Gemini’s new potential. Do not trust AI, never. As always with AI, the recommendation is not to trust it. It is curious as, in a general plane of my desk, he has been able to perfectly recognize my computer. However, by focusing it directly, he told me that he did not see any computer. I have helped him asking if he is a Mac Mini M1 or a M4… and the answer has been that an M1 (they are very easily distinguishable by ports and size). He has also been wrong reading some numbers when asked about some psychotechnical test and, ultimately, you have to be quite above so that it works well. Nor of your questions. The problem shared by Gemini Live and GPT’s advanced conversation mode is clear: they are too much ask. To foster conversation, the answers with a question always end, something especially annoying in this mode of vision. It is very difficult to get to the grain, since it usually interrupts the complete answer with some question. It is still a smaller problem shared with all AI, but breaks the conversational flow a bit. Despite this, Gemini Live’s vision seems barbaric. Image | Xataka In Xataka | Google Gemini: What is it, how it works, differences with GPT and when you can use this artificial intelligence model

Before the lack of crew, South Korea is developing ships with AI. And the US has already taken their eyes

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We have the whole day in the mouth. If a product does not have ia, it is not fashionable, and Despite loud recent failuresit seems that artificial intelligence It has come to stay and conquer it practically everything. A segment in which it has a lot of potential is in the improve autonomous capabilities of vehicles, especially in countries in which human workforce is increasingly scarce. This is the case of South Korea, which is promoting Autonomous ships up to ia To replace the lack of crew. But there are already those who look with sweet eyes thinking about applications in the military industry: United States. Samsung with Ia. Now in ships. South Korean national pride is Samsung, a company that recently presented its smartphones Galaxy S25 and that has been uploaded on the artificial intelligence ship. Samsung is a giant company that makes consumption technology much more. Both the main company and its subsidiaries have businesses in sectors such as construction or biotechnology, and one of them specializes in ships. Samsung Heavy Industries, or SHI, is one of the three large ship builders in the world, focusing on the construction of ships for special tasks such as ultragrandes ships, very specific transport ships, offshore platforms and navigation systems. One of the last projects in which it is involved is that of construction with ships equipped with autonomous navigation system thanks to AI. Ok, catamaran! Conducts. How can we read in Nikkei Asiain November last year, Shi tried a 12 -meter -long catamaran on Geoje island, south of South Korea. This ship could transport 12 people and its crew had a task: give voice orders to the ship. After scoring the route, he was dedicated to following the ‘line of points’ and details such as speed or obstacles were shown in real time on a screen. From the control center you can monitor your parameters thanks to the installed cameras, as well as make adjustments, but the AI ​​developed by sister Samsung Electronics is the captain of the ship. Government facilities. A wall against which there were companies like Samsung or Hyundai when trying autonomous vessels is the law. According to the Asian media, the regulations made it difficult for companies approved A law that precisely facilitates obtaining permits to perform tests in the real world. The reasons were not specified, but having South Korea one of the most alarming demographic situations on the planet And facing –Like Japan-, to the lack of workers in certain positions, an autonomous or semi -autonomous vehicle sounds like a good idea to alleviate the situation. Realizing Japan again, we have already seen even Robots with chainsaws to set the train tracks. Taxi! We mentioned Hyundai, since it is another of the great South Korean and, through Hyundai Heavy Industries, this year they will test an autonomous aquatic taxi in Busán. The idea is that the passenger introduces the destination, at which time the system will look for the ideal route and begin to travel it. Apart from the systems to recognize the environment thanks to 3D cameras, the idea is that you go accurately at the destination dock, ready to release a passenger and receive another. Returning to Samsung, the next steps of this project include tests to avoid collisions, as well as Improve satellite communication To be able to develop this pilot as something on a large scale. Satellite communication is another technologies that seem important to the company. The US looks carefully. Samsung has a key advantage: you can design and build these ships from scratch, integrating its own autonomous navigation technology. That is, with their naval experience, they can design a ship from scratch that includes the autonomous navigation systems that they provide from Samsung Electronics, being a more accurate solution than to place those navigation systems on a ship that is not specifically designed for it . And who is already looking closely at these advances is the United States, but not any aquatic taxi department, but the Department of Defense. In one call From Trump al, now dismissed, South Korean president Yoon Yeol, President Electro recognized the capacity of South Korea in the construction and maintenance of ships. Clue. South Korean ports are becoming a key to the US presence in the South China Sea and local media claim that contracts between South Korean and US companies have increased recently. It is a fundamental strategic enclave, especially in a scenario in which China is performing maneuvers that their adversaries watch closely. Beyond this, and seeing that Samsung is not the only one who is betting on autonomous ships, it is expected that we see a flourish of this implementation of AI in this type of vehicles in the coming months. Image | Shi In Xataka | This is the Zhu Hai Yun, the new ship of China: capable of navigating without crew and full of aerial and sailor drones

The vitamin that can help prevent cataracts and glaucoma

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Wearing sunglasses when we leave the house or avoiding exposing ourselves to long periods of time in front of screens with a high luminosity index can be “good” strategies to take care of our health. eye health. However, and despite the benefits that these actions provide us, there is an element, as simple as it is complex, that can help us protect our eyes and strengthen them at the same time without making greater effort: lutein. This component, belonging to the family of carotenoidsplays an important role in our body due to its properties antioxidants that help us prevent diseases, delay aging and improve the immune system. Lutein is capable of reducing the appearance of glaucoma.Credit: Michael Morse | Pexels In addition to all of the above, and to the surprise of many, the lutein It also has important advantages for eye health that can help us, among many other things, to strengthen eye tissues from light damage. But what other benefits have this item in your eyes and how can we get it? The benefits of lutein in the eyes According to the specialized site Tua Saúdethe lutein It works as a kind of light filter that helps protect the eyes from the ocular tissues. In addition to the above, this vitamin It also has the ability to improve the eye health of those people who do not have good night vision, also called night blindnessor that they see in low light. Likewise, and as revealed by the same site, the lutein It is capable of reducing the appearance of glaucoma, one of the most common diseases among the population and which appears due to eye pressure due to a failure in the eye drainage system. Similar to the above, and thanks to the large amount of antioxidants it contains, this element has the ability to prevent the formation of cataracts because it absorbs UV light. The difference between retinal age and biological age implies a higher risk of death.Credit: Unsplash Separated from eye health, lutein also has benefits in other aspects of the body such as skin health, improved memory and cognitive processes, as well as prevent various types of cancer because it prevents the damage caused by free radicals to cells. Regarding the recommended dose, experts point out that it should be between 10 mg to 20 mg. However, and in order to avoid complications, it is best to ingest this element under the supervision of a doctor who prescribes the correct amount. Continue reading: Fennel Tea: natural ally to combat bloating and improve digestion The fruit you should eat before sleeping to rest better 4 food and alcohol combinations to avoid

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