exists

There is an invisible chip in every USB-C cable that decides whether your phone charges fast or slow: almost no one knows it exists

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There is a small and notable chip in our USB-C cables. This is the so-called “e-Marker”, which is especially important. The reason is simple: when we connect a cable to a device, it is responsible for indicating to those devices whether the cable supports more or less transmission or charging speed, for example. USB-C chaos is a little less chaos. USB-C connectors completely dominate the market, especially after European regulations that require them to be used to charge mobile phones and other devices. Although they have become the Swiss army knife for connecting all types of devices and peripherals, it is not easy to know what we can do with a cable when we connect it to our mobile phone or laptop, for example. And that’s where the e-Marker chip (Electronically Marked ID chip) comes in, a fundamental yet invisible component of the connectivity of our devices. In Xataka We criticize the EU a lot with its obsession with regulating Big Tech. There are at least two examples that justify this obsession A chip to identify everything. The official specification of the USB-C standard clearly indicates the mission of this chip, which is responsible for showing what capabilities the cable in question has. The document that talks about this chip is the one dedicated to USB Power Delivery, the power delivery function through these cables. Specifically, the identification data includes: Manufacturer and model of the cable. Signaling protocol: that indicates the maximum transmission speedthat is, if it is a cable with USB 2.0 support, or USB 3.2 of one generation or another (Gen 1, Gen 2, etc.). Active construction (in long cables there may be chips that regenerate data signal to act as a kind of repeater) or passive construction (they do not alter the data signal). How much power does the VCONN pin (intended to power accessories) consume? Whether the cable can support 3A (standard) or 5A (required for powers from 100 W to 240 W). Latency (signal delay over the cable). RX/TX directionality (how the high-speed cable pairs are configured). SOP Controller Mode: Whether the cable controller can communicate independently with the charger or device Hardware/firmware version. One of the sections of the USB Power Delivery specification that talks about this chip. Source: USB.org An active safety mechanism. The e-Marker is not only official, but is a mandatory part of the USB Power Delivery (USB-PD) specification dictated by the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF). This chip acts as an active safety mechanism, and during the power negotiation phase, the chip tells the charger “I am a cable certified to support up to 100W” (for example). If the charger does not receive that digital confirmation, it will assume that the cable is basic and cheap, restricting the flow of power or data transmission. Does your phone charge slowly or is the transfer using pedals? In fact, if a USB-C cable does not have an e-Marker chip, most device drivers will automatically treat it as a USB 2.0 cable. That means that even if the cable is physically capable of more, the speed will be limited to 480 Mbps maximum, and charging will also be slower. With 3A you can reach 60 W at 20 V, so even so this section is not so affected and it also depends on the charging capacity of the charger. {“videoId”:”x8dmqaj”,”autoplay”:false,”title”:”One USB-C TO RULE THEM ALL- the European Union approves a single charger for mobile phones”, “tag”:”webedia-prod”, “duration”:”54″} The rails. High-speed cables (USB 3.2, USB4, Thunderbolt) have multiple pairs of copper wires designed to transmit data in parallel. The e-Marker tells the device “I have all the threads necessary to activate dual lane mode.” If this confirmation does not arrive, the transfer speed is again limited. The e-Marker on long cables. Another function of the e-Marker, as we said, is to identify the length of the cable. At high transmission speeds the signal degrades very quickly, and the e-Marker is responsible for notifying you, allowing the device (mobile phone, computer) to adjust the signal strength to compensate for potential data loss. Support for alternative video modes. Another option that this chip enables is to indicate what video connection standards the USB-C cable in question supports, and if, for example, it has the necessary bandwidth for 4K or 8K resolutions. There are “readers” of the information provided by the e-Marker chip, although they are not cheap: this one from ChargerLAB costs about 140 euros. Two key pins. The “brains” of a USB-C connector are located on two specific pins known as the configuration channel (CC). These pins (CC1 and CC2) allow, for example, the orientation or reversibility to be detected. Since the connector is reversible, the device needs to know which side you inserted the cable to activate the appropriate data pins (TX/RX). When connecting it, the side will be identified, and based on that the rest of the pins are switched for transmission. The other pin of the configuration channel becomes Vconn to power the e-Marker chip. In Xataka | Mobile phone manufacturers first stopped including the charger with every purchase. Your next threat is clear: the USB cable (function() { window._JS_MODULES = window._JS_MODULES || {}; var headElement = document.getElementsByTagName(‘head’)(0); if (_JS_MODULES.instagram) { var instagramScript = document.createElement(‘script’); instagramScript.src=”https://platform.instagram.com/en_US/embeds.js”; instagramScript.async = true; instagramScript.defer = true; headElement.appendChild(instagramScript); – The news There is an invisible chip in every USB-C cable that decides whether your phone charges fast or slow: almost no one knows it exists was originally published in Xataka by Javier Pastor .

Whether “altruism” exists among animals or not

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An ape reviving another after a small electric shock; a herd of pigs pushing back to the river to a fish stranded on the shore; a group of crows discovering the gigantic carcass of a reindeer and calling other crows to enjoy the feast. Examples are reproduced everywhere in the four corners of the Internet, and behind them often lies a voluntaristic question: are animals altruistic? In the background lies a moral reading: unlike selfish human beings, animals are capable of teaching us authentic goodness. Give without expecting anything in return. This is what happened some time ago as a result of the viral image of a duck covering a young dog under its wings. It does not matter that the facts themselves be diffuse or that the conversation starts from two image captures without reference to the original source. The debate is legitimate, and it is alive. Was the bird protecting a cub of another species out of mere compassion, out of high moral altruism? It is common for the answer to this question to be pregnant with moral conditions. We want to project our own insecurities, anxieties and emotional conflicts onto animals. For years, the idea of ​​”animal altruism” was reduced to the margins of science due to its connotations anthropocentric. However, the issue has enjoyed an interesting revival during the last decades. Numerous studies have tried to put an end to the question of altruism, and to provide an effective response to the sometimes inexplicable behavior of some animal species. Altruism, a definition Biology and ethology have reached a definition relatively accurate of “altruism”: that action that benefits a third party to the detriment of oneself. That is, acts that have positive consequences without at the same time deriving self-interest. Dissecting the wheat from the chaff is complex, because many “altruistic” acts actually hide deeply selfish motivations. (Hossein Ghaem/Unsplash) In the late 1980s, a biologist specializing in animal behavior, Bernd Heinrich, noticed something peculiar during a walk through the Maine woods. A group of crows had found the succulent remains of a huge reindeer, and had begun to attract the attention of other reindeer in a striking and scandalous way. At first glance, it seems that the crows wanted to share the abundance of meat found by chance. Did it make sense? From a somewhat simplistic point of view (survival of the fittest), not too much. Evolutionary logic (at least as we usually understand it) dictated that crows they had to compete for that piece of meat. It is a basic impulse and a vector that explains much of animal relationships, the fight for scarce food and self-survival. By calling other crows to enjoy the banquet, those birds were breaking a dynamic long accepted by the scientific community. He Heinrich’s particular discovery It has been discussed for years. Ultimately, it is likely that the crows did not display any altruistic behavior. Finding the reindeer in the territory of an adult, and therefore more powerful, crow, the young, upstart crows had done something pretty smart: call other colleagues to avoid retaliation. Pure defense by accumulation. In that way, the adult crow would limit any type of territorial defense. (Mikhail Vasilyev/Unsplash) The case of the crows is very unique, but there are others that help limit the scope of “altruism.” It is known that, in some species, female bats are able to share part of their food with the males when they have a lean season. The behavior is social, but not altruistic: the act of sharing arises from need to perpetuate the species, to protect its own in the long term. It is a defense mechanism explained by well-established theories (the “kin selection”for example), and that we can identify in other animal species (such as packs of wild dogs that warn by barking of dangers lurking on the horizon or ants kamikaze who sacrifice themselves for the colony). Is there a point of genuine goodness in the help of others? The question comes from an erroneous human perspective. Bats, ants or dogs seek something more basic: the benefit of the species. And therefore one’s own benefit. Okay, but what about the duck and the puppy? Although it is tempting to explain almost all animal behavior from determinism, there are cases that escape to your logic. There is evidence, for example, of groups of orcas that have adopted dolphins with certain genetic malformations. for several weeks. Orcas are not very social animals nor do they tend to interact with other species in a friendly way. The known examples In 2009, two researchers attested something even more exceptional. During an exploration in Antarctica, they came across a seal in distress. Pursued by a group of orcas, her days seemed numbered. In the middle of the fray, a pair of humpback whales appeared and began to maneuver to protect the seal. Humpbacks only feed on fish and crustaceans: what the hell were they whistling in that scene? (Michael Blum/Unsplash) According to scientists, manifesting an act of rare altruism among animals. The whales managed successfully protect at the seal, getting between the orcas and making it reach dry land (predictably hallucinated). There was no direct individual benefit for those humpbacks, nor was there a deep biological mechanism that could explain their actions. From any perspective, they had decided to help that poor seal. In the process, the humpbacks had identified a situation of danger and vulnerability of others and had decided to put themselves in danger despite the absence of self-interest. But is it like that? It was not an isolated incident. Some compilation studies have identified more than 115 encounters between humpback whales and orcas over the past 62 years. On some occasions up to fifteen humpbacks came to the rescue of calves of other species of whales. It could be due to a mechanism of automatic defense based on previous incidents (orcas also attack humpback calves) or a response to the calls of the orcas themselves (in such a … Read more

Senna has given us back the passion for a Formula 1 that no longer exists. And its sound is key to understanding its success

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March 1, 1981. Brands Hatch, United Kingdom. He had fought for two karting world championships but was still a complete unknown to the general public. Not even in England, where the passion for motorsport is several steps ahead of other European countries, were they aware of what they were seeing. Brazilian with curly hair. The face of a child on the body of a 21-year-old boy. The arrogant look of someone who knows he is superior. And it is superior. That day was fifth at the controls of his Van Diemen. Two weeks were enough for me to get his first victory. With the circuit flooded, Ayrton Senna da Silva asked his team to put as much pressure as possible in their tires. They say that no one on the team believed in that decision but as a pilot who paid to have a guaranteed seat, the mechanics followed orders. The rest is history. The Brazilian driver began to string victories. Six races held that year in the Formula Ford 1600 with four victories. 12 victories out of 19 rounds in which he took the exit. At the end of that same year, Ayrton Senna fulfilled his family commitment and promise to Lilian de Vasconcelos Souza, then girlfriend and then briefly wife of the man considered the most talented Formula 1 driver in history. Senna returned to his country to run the family business. But he had already experienced what it was like to win. He had already experienced what it was like to be the best. And he came back to win it all. They exist, they are somewhere More than 40 years after that Brands Hatch race, Netflix released Senna. “While we were still searching, we recorded a Formula Ford in Sweden, an FF 1600,” The speaker is Gabriel Gutiérrezsound designer of the six-episode series in which the pilot’s life is recreated working with, among other tools, Dolby Atmos. Senna talks about the human side of the driver, his private life and his path to becoming a triple world champion. But if something attracts an amateur, it is the montage of the images, the recreations aboard legendary single-seaters. Recreations that would be nothing without their sound. “I received a call from a post-production supervisor from Brazil, Gabriel Queiroz, who told me about a new project by Vicente Amorim, with whom I had already worked on Holy. From the beginning, we started looking for cars worldwide and how to get models from that era to go out and record them,” explains Gutiérrez about how Senna was built. “The filming was going to be done with replicas of the cars that were custom-built models, fantastic, with enormous precision, but their engines were not Formula 1 racing ones,” Gutiérrez clarifies. Ayrton Senna in the Formula Ford 1600 in 1981 And there begins the challenge: to be able to record the most iconic models driven and against which Ayrton Senna competed throughout the decade of the 80s and early 90s. “Many people told us that we were crazy, that we were never going to achieve it, that those cars were dismantled and that they do not exist.” But boy do they exist. Whoever has ever gone to see a Formula 1 race, there is something that they do not forget: the sound. The current V6 hybrids have nothing to do with the brutal howl of the V10s of the late 90s and early 2000s that Senna himself would not see. What he did have in his hands were cars from a time that will not return. Between his debut in Formula 1 in 1984 and the fateful May 1, 1994 when he lost his life in the Tamburello curve of the Imola circuit (San Marino), the turbo V8 and the naturally aspirated V10 and V12 paraded through Formula 1, the latter with a brutal sound, hoarser than the return of the V10 from 1995 onwards. Pure sounds, without a trace of electrification, that danced inside the cabin to the metallic tapping of the gearbox lever. From stomping on the clutch to downshift, playing with the accelerator to synchronize the revolutions of an engine that was going above 10,000, 11,000, 12,000 rpm. The engine backfired before taking the first chicane at Monza where the Ferraris of Berger and Alboreto watched in shock as Ayrton Senna abandoned the car after Jean-Louis Schlesser crashed and got the only victory they would scratch to the McLarens throughout 1988. The hit of the accelerator at the start and the howl with each gear change before reaching the Parabolica and heading down the finish line. The no less powerful cry of the typhosi in the stands when they saw that they were returning to the top of the podium in Monza when just three laps before they had seen it impossible. They were years of pure driving, of senses. By sight, smell, touch… and hearing. For the protagonists and those who admired them. For those who saw a Brazilian debutant swims between the rails in Monaco in 1984jeopardizing the victory of an already renowned Alain Prost who managed to stop the race before its end, distributing half of the points in a decision that would end up costing him the World Championship at the end of the year in favor of Niki Lauda. Ayrton Senna aboard the Lotus 97T “We were able to record Ayrton Senna’s original Toleman from 1984 and the original Lotus, the 97T model at the Lotus Classic Track in Oxford, which was a fantastic recording. The Toleman was positioned as the new leading car for us, the favorite,” explains Gutiérrez. By then, they had already obtained a good handful of the cars that marked an era. As? Moving through the mist. Senna’s sound designer explains that his first idea was to talk to Frank Cruz, who held that same position in Rush by Ron Howard, a film about the duel between Niki Lauda and James Hunt in the 1976 World Championship. The film … Read more

The summer of San Miguel is here. The only problem is that the summer of San Miguel neither exists nor has it ever existed

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We are at that time of the year in which Spain lives A curious phenomenon. Without prior notice, for no apparent reason: the thermometers shoot up to temperatures much warmer than normal for that time of the year. This 2025, According to Aemetwill also have its “temperature rebound” around the end of the month. That is, he will have his ‘summer of San Miguel’. What exactly is the ‘Summer of San Miguel’? What we know as Veranillo de San Miguel or Membrillo is a period of good weather and higher temperatures than usual that usually occurs at the end of September and early October. This is called for the festival of San Miguel, on September 29. But the most interesting thing is that none of this exists. What does not exist? Let’s go in parts: it is usually said that the Veranillo de San Miguel has no explanation, but the truth is that it is not true. Or, at least, it is not accurate. We know perfectly why The “summers” have occurred of the last 30 years: for two or three days temperatures rise to simply lower because September is so. The days are long enough so that, as soon as there is some stability, temperatures rise, rise and rise. In fact, they don’t even need to go up a lot. It is enough that they are only slightly superior to the previous days, so that we will talk about the “Veranillo de San Miguel” as if it were one more station. A huge confirmation bias made popular meteorology. As we said a couple of years agowe have a strong tendency to “favor, search, interpret and remember the information that confirms your own beliefs” and that translates into that, when two days of higher temperatures of the average for this time of the year arise, let’s see a “summer” potential. That is, in a phenomenon with a high probability (two or three days of good time at the end of September) we see a clear regularity – reinforced by the popular idea. Although the dates and temperatures do not always match, of course, a lot of those we have in summer are far from. But will there be “summer”? Yes, there will be: just before Gabrielle impact with the west of the peninsulathe country will enjoy a warm and stable atmosphere. And then? That summer is finally ended and these days will be his last bedroom. If traditionally ‘autumn’ is synonymous with ‘instability’ having a hurricane in the middle of the extroat transition to a week of us is to enter the fall through the big door. Image | ECMWF In Xataka | The “illusion of frequency”: why you see more sneakers after talking about shoes

China already has one of the most advanced observatories on the planet to hunt the most elusive particle that exists

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Neutrinos are The most elusive particles of nature. They were first described from a theoretical point of view in 1930 by Austrian physicist Wolfgang Ernst Pauli, one of the parents of Quantum physics (We owe, among other contributions, known as exclusion principle). However, its experimental discovery took place two and a half decades later, in 1956. We owe it to American physicists Frederick Reines and Clyde Cowan. There is a forceful reason that explains why these particles are so difficult to detect: They barely interact with ordinary matter. In addition, its mass is very tiny, its electric charge is neutral and are not influenced by strong nuclear interaction or electromagnetic force, although due to gravity and weak nuclear interaction. There is no doubt that they are very special particles. Scientists often illustrate how difficult it is to capture a neutrino explaining that every second trillion of these particles go through both the earth and us without colliding with any other particle. You can also illustrate how elusive that they are using quantum mechanics, which ensures that it would be necessary to manufacture a lead plate with a light year thickness to ensure that half of the neutrinos that go through it collide with the particles of the lead block. The Jiangmen Observatory is ready to hunt neutrinos Despite how elusive neutrinos are, we have several observatories that are able to detect them. One of them is The Japanese Super-Kamiokande. This installation is located in Hida, a city located in the central area of ​​Honshu, the largest island in the Japanese archipelago. It is built in a mine, 1 km deep, and measures 40 meters high and another 40 meters wide, which gives a volume similar to that of a fifteen floors building. However, the authentic protagonist of this article is the Underground Observatory of Neutrinos of Jiangmen, which is housed in the Chinese province of Guangdong. Like the Super-Kamiokande Japanese, Juno, which is how this Chinese observatory is known for its English denomination (Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory), It is a real monster. His heart is a cylindrical pool 44 meters deep that is housed in an underground chamber with granite walls. The neutrin detector consists of a 41.1 meters in diameter stainless steel mesh that supports an acrylic sphere of 35.4 meters in diameter The neutrin detector consists of a 41.1 meters in diameter stainless steel mesh that supports an acrylic sphere of 35.4 meters in diameter. This container is full of a very exotic liquid expressly designed to interact with neutrinos and produce a light of light that can be detected. Juno contains no less than 20,000 tons of this liquid, which allows him to erect himself as the largest neutrin detector on the planet. The composition of this fluid seeks to maximize the amount of light generated by the interaction of each neutrino. Its three fundamental components are linear alkyl benzene, which acts as a solvent; 2,5-difeniloxazole, which is the molecule that is excited when a neutrino interacts with herwhich causes the emission of a flash of light; And, finally, 1.4-bis (2-methylstiril) benzene, which absorbs the ultraviolet light that emits 2.5-difeniloxazole and re-enters it with a longer wavelength that is easier to detect. The flashes of light are collected by 45,000 photomultiplier tubes that cover the inner surface of the sphere. By measuring the intensity, position and duration of these flashes, scientists can reconstruct the trajectory and energy of each neutrino. And all this for what? Wang Yifang explains it to usJuno spokesman: “This observatory will allow scientists to address fundamental questions about the nature of matter and the universe.” Neither more nor less. Image | Generated by Xataka with Google Gemini More information | Digital Diario In Xataka | The future circular collider of CERN will cost 20,000 million euros. Can leave us cheap

The World Cup to the Comba exists, it is a hilarious thing and for us the question is obvious: what do the breath expect

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Something that fascinates me is that we have the ability to turn anything into a game And, in turn, in a competition. If there is an Excel World Cupone of Collect garbage and Stone, paper, scissorsof course there is a world championship of jumping. It is a sport that needs great coordination and physical background, and a few days ago celebrated The World Rope World Blash championship in Japan in which the best on the planet have gathered. He is fighting so that the leap to the Comba becomes an Olympic sport, and I confess that seeing some video has managed to think that I am burning calories. Ijru. Are the acronym for International Jump Rope Union And it is the International Federation that organizes and regulates the competitive sport of the jump to the Comba. This is the highest world authority in this sport and is what seeks to expand the jump to the Comba as a high performance sport, promoting diversity, sports spirit, inclusion and those values ​​that make sports a universal language. The IJRU supervises affiliated organizations in more than 60 countries and something curious is that it was founded thanks to the fusion of two organisms that made the “war on their own.” On the one hand, was The International Rope Skipping Federation and on the other the World Jump Rope Federation and, with the aim of unifying rules and professionalizing discipline, reached good terms to become the current federation. Disciplines. Although it is not necessary to explain how it jumps, since it is a game that many have enjoyed at some point, perhaps you have to analyze what the disciplines are. Because in other sports such as football, tennis or Formula 1it is clear who already wins what is played, but with the comma it is different and there are several individual and collective tests: SPEED: His name says everything and consists of making the maximum number of jumps in a certain time that is usually 30 or 60 seconds or three minutes. Double Dutch: Two people turn two strings at the same time while other athletes perform the jumps. Triple under: You have to pass the rope three times under your feet in one jump. Freestyle: It is like synchronized dance, since athletes perform choreographies while jumping and tricks. It is tremendously complicated because not only the technique is judged, but creativity. Team routines: Similar to freestyle, where synchronized jumps, relay, acrobatics and any movement that involves teamwork are combined. Double combo. In addition, there are combinations such as Double Dutch Freestyle in which it is not about taking the maximum number of jumps in this discipline, but is combined with a free dance session. To qualify, athletes compete in national circuits sponsored by the Federation, and the best scores of each country are those that access places for the World Cup. The US, China, France or Japan are from the powers in this sport. 😮. Have you ever been watching a competition and exclaimed that “I’m tired just seeing them”? Well, beware of this video: That is the Double Dutch Speed, but in slow motion loses a lot of grace. Look at this at normal speed: It is not only about the coordination of the Saltadora, but about the rhythm and concentration that the two companions who are moving the ropes must have. But well, there is no easy category. Look at the ‘Single Rope Speed ​​Relay’ of this Chinese athlete in the competition a few weeks ago: These triples: The resistance session: Or this treesyle trees, which can also be played by teams Olympic objective. They are disciplines that would have a hole in some Olympics, but for the moment it is an honor that has not been granted to the jump to the Comba. However, the ijru is moving To be an accepted sport in the Olympic circuit, at least as a exhibition discipline. At the moment, the Olympic Games website itself has a reserved section For this competition, where we can see the finals of the World Cup in Japan held a few weeks ago, and On the Federation website We can see all kinds of rules about disciplines, the responsibility of athletes as behavior models or doping policies. The eSports have not yet achievedwe will see the jump to the rope that He slipped in the Olympic Games 2024 and that could follow the model of the Break Dance or Skate. Finally (because I’m still hallucinating with some jumps), I leave you on the last day of the World Junmp Rope Champioship by Kawasaki: Images | Ijru In Xataka | Millions of people are hooked right now to an Olympic Games where cats compete. Cats made with ia

In 2030 he plans to have the most powerful quantum computer that exists

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China and the US are the countries that are dedicating more resources to the development of Quantum technologies. And also those who are reaching The most relevant achievements. However, there is a country that has officialized its intention to lead in the medium term both in the field of Quantum computing as in the manufacture of semiconductors: Japan. In the middle of last April we tell you that the Riken Center for Quantum Computing and Fujitsu had just announced that they had developed in a joint project A superconductor quantum computer endowed with 256 cubits. A priori may not seem like a great achievement if we are in mind that IBM already has a condora superconductor quantum processor of 1,121 cubits, and also The Heron platform (5k) endowed with error mitigation. And the China Telecom Quantum Group (CTQG) and the Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed The Xiaohong quantum processor of 504 superconductor cubits. However, Japan’s plan in the field of quantum machines does not end up here. And it is that in 2030 it intends to have a quantum computer 25% more powerful that the most capable that IBM will have at that time. 250 logical cubits to make a difference The design and tuning project of this ambitious quantum machine is already underway. And the Riken Center for Quantum Computing, Fujitsu and the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science in Japan. This quantum computer will use superconductor cubits and a very advanced cooling system, presumably a dilution system similar to the employee by The machine they presented in April. Whatever your best asset, if you finally get to fruition, it will be its 250 logical cubits. Each logical ul Logical cubits represent a way to overcome the difficulty involved in the use of hardware or physical cubits, which are extremely noise sensitive, and, therefore, prone to make mistakes. Each logical cubit is constructed in an abstract way About several physical or hardware cubitsso that a single logical cubit encodes a single cubit of quantum information, but with redundancy. It is precisely this redundancy that allows to detect and correct the errors that are present in the physical cubits. Until very recently the number of hardware cubits that was necessary to implement a single logical cubit immune to errors was impracticable, but IBM says that he has found the solution To this problem. And presumably Fujitsu and the Riken center too. IBM is going to build The quantum computer ‘Starling’ in a new data center that will be housed in Paughkeepsie, New York (USA). This machine will bring together 200 logical cubits that, in theory, will allow you to execute 100 million quantum operations. IBM says that ‘Starling’ will be ready in 2029but, as I mentioned a few lines above, Fujitsu and Riken intend to have their quantum machine of 250 logical cubits in 2030. If they get it, they are likely to lead in this field. In any case, before that milestone arrives, much earlier, in 2026, they pursue to be ready A 1,000 cubits computer. They will not be 1,000 logical cubits; They will be 1,000 conventional cubits, and, therefore, prone to make mistakes. Even so, if Japan get it, only one step from the US and China will be placed in this field. Image | Fujitsu More information | Nikkei Asia In Xataka | Physicists believed that this quantum phenomenon was impossible. They were very wrong

The World Cup, paper, scissors exists. And it is a very serious thing

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Netflix has taught us with ‘The squid game‘That children’s games are a very serious thing. As we grow, we stop playing most of them, but there is such an entrenched one that we use it when it is discussion or to decide something quickly: the stone, paper and scissors. And it is so important that there are even World Cups with thousands of dollars at stake. WRPSA. In this story, it is difficult to differentiate what is a joke from what is serious. Your YouTube channel seems a parody, and in the gallery of its website they modify works of art so that it seems that are playing this game and they have even one section of browser games that call “simulators.” But no, the World Stone Association, Scissors exists and is not an American, as we might think, but has a presence throughout the world. The adventure of World Rock Paper Scissors Associationor WRPSA, began in 2015. He was not born out of nowhere, but taking the witness of the World Rock Paper Scissors Society who had already held international championships between 2002 and 2009. And both one and the other organized tournaments of what you are thinking: stone, paper and scissors, facing those who consider them as the best players in the world and giving juicy awards. Rules. Should we explain how it is played? Basically, participants simultaneously perform one between three gestures: stone (closed fist), scissors (two extended fingers forming a ‘V’) and paper (the palm and all extended fingers. The mechanics is that the stone wins the scissors, the scisso known However, to compete in international events, at least with the rules of the WRPSA (Lizard and Spock are gestures that are not allowed), there are a number of elements that we must take into account. The first thing is that players must show their gesture at the same time. The hands should be hidden until the gesture is launched, they should look into each other, the best of three, five or seven rounds is played, there is a variant by teams and referees that are responsible for not cheating. Strategies. This game seems pure random and, obviously, there is a very, very important factor of randomness, but there are also some strategies that can be used to increase the possibilities of victory. Some are logical, such as not always using the same pattern, since it is something that can be used against you. Others have more psychology behind. For example, the research They suggest that winners tend to repeat their movements, while losers change to another gesture. Therefore, if you win, you are more likely to repeat the gesture and, if you lose, you can take advantage of the fact that the repetition trend exists in the winning case and trying to anticipate. For example, if they beat you with stone, the opponent may once again use stone, so you would get the victory. The best play to win? May your tactic be randomly. A Chinese mathematician named Zhijian Wang discovered that the most precise way to win is by choosing a random strategy. Also discovered That the most common pattern among the losing players of his study was precisely the stone, paper and scissors, in loop. Damage. As a notion in case you want to become a professional, it is not bad, but … Do you earn money? Depends. In the annual edition of the World Rock Paper Scissors Championships of Toronto, a main prize of up to 10,000 dollars is offered. The Rock Paper Scissors League From the United States, which organized events throughout the territory, distributed prizes of between $ 1,000 and $ 5,000. Other minor tournaments offer food checks, gift cards or film tickets for a year, but when a large sponsor gets into the equation, the monetary amount triggers. It was the case of the 2005 “championship” starring the Bud Light brewing brand, which during the Super Bowl of that year gave a prize of one million dollars. In 2006 and 2008 He sponsored The American League with a prize of 50,000 dollars to the champion and a pass for the international championship held in China. Jump to Europe. Some of these championships have been broadcast on television and, apart from the commented, some minor tournaments have been held that have cash awards, but above all they are a drinking food party with a good atmosphere. And in Europe we have not been left out of this peculiar sport. Perhaps, the most famous league on the continent is organized by Wacky Nation in the United Kingdom, giving prizes of up to 20,000 pounds in the 2019 edition. In Spain, the awards have been somewhat more modest, something curious if we take into account that culturally it is a game that is frequently used to decide something in a simple, fast and fair way. In 2023, the Polytechnic University of Valencia celebrated The first stone, paper and scissors tournament, a closed competition to its students, with 128 registered and with an award that consisted of a paratrooper experience for two people. Last year, the Caja Rural de Navarra and the General Commission of the University Tent They celebrated A tournament with 64 participants and 500 euros of the winner, 200 euros for the second and 50 for the third. Asia to your roll. But if we were talking about the finals of a World Cup in China before, it is because in Asia, as usually happens, they are at another speed in this type of issues. It makes a lot of sense, in reality, since in China it is where, during the Han dynasty (206 AC to 220 AD) there was a game called Shǒushìlìng It is the predecessor of the current game. China arrived in Japan in the seventeenth century, where it adapted and consolidated with the gestures and rules we use today. After the 2008 Olympic Games, the Championship of the International Stone Federation, Paper and Scissors with … Read more

the fastest and most efficient transistor that exists

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Transistors are the cornerstone of Integrated circuits. The first as we know them were currently invented in 1947 by John Bardeen, William Shockley and Walter Brattain, three physicists from Bell laboratories. A simple way to define a transistor invites us to describe it as A semiconductor electronic device which is capable of responding to an input signal by giving us a certain exit. An electronic amplifier, for example, will increase the power, voltage or the current of the signal that we place at its input, using an external power supply. There are several types of transistors (bipolar, specific contact, field effect, uniunion, unique electron, phototransistors, organic electrochemicals, etc.), but, fortunately, we do not need to deepen them much more to be able to move forward with this article. It is enough for us to know two more data about these devices. On the one hand, what They are active elements within the integrated circuits. And, in addition, that those that have allowed us to achieve the level of integration used by current lithographic techniques are those of field effect (FET). Bismuth transistors promise us to change the rules of the game of chips The Spanish physicist Pablo Jarillo-Herrero and his MIT colleagues (Massachusetts Technology Institute), in the US, they talked about the potential of Boro Nituro in a scientific article that they published in Science In 2021. At that time his proposal was only theoretical, but three years later They brought their ideas to practice. And yes, they have enormous potential. What they did, in short, is to manufacture a new type of transistors using an ultra -elapsed ferroelectric material constituted of boron nitride (it is an extremely hard compound formed in the same proportion by boron and nitrogen). This Chinese transistor is 40% faster and 10% more efficient than the most advanced Finfet transistors of Intel and TSMC The starting point of the researchers of the University of Beijing we are talking about in the head of this article is different. In the scientific text they have published in Nature Materials They argue to have designed A GAAFET type field effect transistor (Gate-Lall-Around Field-Effect Transistor) that is 40% faster and 10% more efficient from an energy point of view than the most advanced finger transistors that use Intel and TSMC today. Sounds good. GaaFet technology is already The present of the semiconductorsso TSMC, Intel and Samsung have been working on it for several years. However, these Chinese transistors have a characteristic that clearly unchecks them from the devices that are using the three companies I just mentioned: they use bismuth instead of silicon. The use of this chemical element, according to these Chinese scientists, allows these transistors to solve the limitations imposed by silicon when implementing integrated circuits that They go beyond the 3 nm. These statements by Peng Hailin, Professor of Physical Chemistry at the University of Beijing and leader of this research, express with roundness Why these transistors are important: “It is the fastest and most efficient transistor ever created (…) If innovations in chips based on existing materials are considered a shortcut, then our transistors based on 2D materials are like ‘changing lane’ (…) Our research shows that the GaaFet 2D exhibits a performance and energy efficiency comparable to silicon commercial transistors, which makes them promising candidates for The next generation of semiconductors“Hopefully it is like that. I hope these transistors succeed when leaving the laboratory and be adopted by the industry. Image | TSMC More information | Nature Materials In Xataka | Cobalt is one of the most coveted metals. And it is because it is essential in lithium batteries

If the question is how much money it exists in the world per person, this graphic developer has the answer

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Imagine there was a form of distribute all money in cash of the world equitably between Each inhabitant of the planet. Thus, a Wisconsin farmer would have the same cash That a potter in New Delhi, a goat shepherd in Namibia or a dentist in Sydney. How much money You think it would correspond to each inhabitant? The short answer: everyone could Buy a Sandero Dacia. The world money supply is not the same as world wealth The modern economic system encompasses many financial and monetary elements that define the term of wealth. So one of the ways in which the exercise of imagination distribution of wealth that would allow mitigating world poverty can be distribute all money in cash that exists in monetary markets around the world. This “cash” money is known as M2 Prenss supply And it is an intermediate monetary aggregate that includes money in circulation from around the world and certain bank deposits with high liquidity and with a period of up to 2 years, savings and money market accounts, as well as deposits with availability with notice of up to three months. In other words, the monetary supply M2 is all that money you could have in your pocket in a relatively immediate way. The concept of monetary supply m2 differs from the Global wealth or heritage in which this includes assets and real estate properties or mercantile that, although they can have a lot of value, are not easily redeemable for Count and sound money. According to data collected by CEICM2’s money supply amounts to 123.3 billion (Europeans) of dollars In 2024. That is, joining all the effective of all the economies of the world, we would add that money. According to the report ‘Global Wealth Report 2024‘Prepared by UBS, the world’s private net richness in 2024 was encrypted in 487.9 billion dollars in total. To help us see that information in a more graphic way, in Visualcapitalist have created an infographic in which the M2 MONITORY OFFER DATA obtained by CEIC, and divides between the world population data registered by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Distributing all world cash As we said, the world M2 money supply registered by the CEIC economic body in 2024 is 123,313 billion dollars (with the Anglo -Saxon system they would be trillion), while the data of the world population in 2024 reveal that we are currently 8,161,973,000 inhabitants In this little blue marble that we call planet Earth. The result of the equitable cast is that, each inhabitant of the planet would correspond 15,108 dollars Or, what is the same, about 13,944.28 euros to change. According to the Virtualcapitalist calculationsthat would be equivalent to the expenditure generated by the list of the purchase of an average home for two years, a second -hand car, or also reaches to buy a Sandero dacia. Without extras, yes. Spain is better for accounts If we repeat the same exercise, but circumscribing the data to the scope of Spain, the amount that each Spaniard would receive would be somewhat higher. According to CEIC’s records for Spain in December 2024the supply of monetary m2 available was 1,647,611,114 million dollars (or 1,648 billion dollars). On the other hand, the data of INE population count January 2025 left a total of 49,077,984 inhabitants in Spain. That lets us, by distributing the total of the money supply among the inhabitants of Spain, each would receive 33,571.29 dollars or some 30,967.97 euros to change. In Xataka | How much money you need to be among the richest 1% in Spain Image | Visualcapitalist.com

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