Christianity

For decades a silent boom has been taking hold in many regions of China: Christianity

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The recent history of Christianity in China is anything but simple. First for the Cultural Revolution and more recently, with Xi Jinping at the helm of the Communist Party, for repression against the unofficial churches. However, despite this troubled chronicle, experts tend to agree on something: in recent decades the Christian faith has expanded with force for the country. So much so that it already clearly dominates certain regions and there is who considers that in no time China will be “the largest Christian nation in the world.” How many Christians are there in China? The question is quite simple. Answer it, not so much. The China General Social Survey shows that between 2010 and 2018 the percentage of Chinese adults who identify as Christians (Catholic and Protestant) it was around 2%a percentage that can be found in essays about the matter. However, there is a quick search to find authors which differ significantly from that estimate, placing it at 3%, 7% or even 9% of the total population, which also includes children. In 2020 The Economist pointed that only Protestants make up 3% of the country’s population, although there are studies that suggest the real figure could be much higher if unregistered clandestine churches are taken into account. The reality is that it is not easy to have a precise figure. The reasons are multiple: the control of information by Beijing, the diversity of sources and methods in making calculations or even the “linguistic and conceptual differences between religion in East Asia and other regions”, such as warns Pew Research. How many believers are we talking about? The answer is again the same: it depends on the source. Although given the large size of China (1.4 billion inhabitants) even the most conservative calculations would leave a census of tens of millions. How many? Years ago, a Peking University study spoke of 40 millionWorld Population Review raises the estimate to 49.2 million and Visual Capitalist has even gone further, placing the figure close to 72 million. Is there more data? Yes. Other sources speak of some 20 million of adults, 60 million if the global population is taken into account, or even 100 million. Although its considerable disparitythe data lends itself to two clear readings. The first is the enormous weight of Protestants in the Chinese Christian community (some studies claim that represent 90% thanks to your great expansion). The second is that it is not necessary to resort to the most optimistic calculations to verify that China already surpasses (by far) the number of Christians in countries like Germany, France or Spain and would even be a handful of millions of believers in Italy if both Catholic and Protestant Christians are taken into account. How are they distributed throughout the country? A few years ago Reuters produced a map based on the studies of Professor Fenggang Yang, from Purdue University, which shows the dominant confession in the different regions of China. The plan reflects that Buddhism prevails in most of the southern and southwestern regions while other areas such as Xinjiang or Gansu are Muslim. Catholicism and especially Protestantism shine on the eastern flank. Even in Zhejiang areadespite the challenges that believers have encountered there. And what is the evolution? A quick Google search shows there are experts convinced that Christianity will continue to expand strongly in China and even place it among the countries in which the religion is experiencing greater growth, especially if we talk about Protestantism. In 2016 Professor Yang predicted that in 2030 the Asian giant will be “the largest Christian country in the world” despite its enormous Buddhist and Muslim population, among other confessions. “If we use an average annual growth rate of 7%, there will be more than 224 million Protestants in China by 2030,” the expert reflectedwho specifies that they would represent 16% of the population. “If we add Catholics, it would take even less time for China to become the largest Christian nation.” Does everyone have the same opinion? No, not everyone is so optimistic. In 2023 Pew Research published a study which suggests that, although Christianity expanded during the 80s and 90s (between 1982 and 1997 its faithful base went from six to 14 million), in recent years it has shown signs of “stabilizing.” As proof, they are based on official data that reflect that the percentage of Christian adults has barely changed between 2010 and 2018, without the pandemic having altered that picture. Still, Pew Research recognize that, in general, “survey-based estimates of China’s Christian population could be conservative,” as there are believers who choose not to reveal their faith “for fear of negative social or economic consequences,” especially if they belong to an unregistered church. Images | Gary Todd (Flickr) and Visual Capitalist (Pallavi Rao) In Xataka | China faces a bigger problem than the birth rate crisis: its young people are too busy to form couples

Sinai is one of the most iconic places in all Christianity. Now faces the threat of touristification

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Few places in the world can boast of having the load of history and symbolism of Mount Sinaithe place where (according to the Judeo -Christian tradition) God delivered his ten commandments to Moses and where he stands The monastery that more time has managed to preserve its original function, an architectural jewel of the seventh century. Now both one and the other face radical changes while the Egypt government is committed to a new Tourist megaproject In the region. The debate is served. What happened? That tourism development and heritage conservation, two realities not always easy to combine, have unleashed a controversy in Egypt. And he has also done so in an especially sensitive area for its symbolic, cultural, historical, religious and even geopolitical value: Jabal museMount Sinai. There, where according to the Judeo -Christian tradition God delivered the tables of the commandments to Moses, a tourist megaproject called ‘Great transfiguration project’ and that the Egyptian authorities They present as “a gift” from the country “to the entire world and all religions.” Not all They see it that way. What do you want to do? The project is not new. He presented it In 2020 The President Abdelfatha el-Sisi And his name gives an idea of ​​what is his purpose. The ‘great transfiguration’ aspirates, In words of the Egyptian executive, to “develop” the city of Santa Catalinaa small population located in the Peninsula of the Sinai, “placing it in the place that corresponds to it, taking full advantage of its tourist attractions, as well as its rich archaeological and religious heritage.” The initiative includes 14 projects different in the area capable of arouseing the interest of Tourist operators and the development of the local airport. The Egyptian government It usually cite it in fact as one of his great tourist bets. Is more known? The idea is to turn Santa Catalina into A Tourism Pole Religious and environmental, with places, commercial spaces, luxury hotels, villas and infrastructure. The BBC Point out which even includes a cable car. “The project will provide all tourist and recreational services to the visitor, will promote the development of the city and its surroundings, at the same time preserving the environmental, landscape and patrimonial character. It will also contribute accommodation to those who work in their development,” celebrated In 2024 Minister Sherif el-Sherbiny. Is it just a project? No. It is already a reality underway. Over the last years the Egyptian authorities have visited the place to follow the advance of the works in situ and the transformation It is already visible In the plain of El-Raha. Moreover, at the beginning of the year the government came to affirm that the level of execution 90%. Shortly before, at the end of 2024, World Heritage Watch (WHW), very critical of development, he published A statement in which it included an image of how the environment was before and how it is now, with the buildings already advanced. Why is it controversial? For several reasons. One of the main ones is how it will affect the area, both at the environmental level and in what affects the locals. “Natural landscapes have suffered serious damage and the rights of the natives have been violated. The Bedouinos Jebelya of Santa Catalina have lost important parts of their old tribal territory. Houses have demolished. Places of special cultural sensitivity have been destroyed, such as a cemetery,” Whw complaint. “An urban world is being built around a town of nomadic roots.” The organization regrets that the Egyptian authorities “have ignored” recommendations from the United Nations and “act in a clear challenge to environmental laws” that protect the environment and the communities that populate it. Everything insists, while development captures the interest of private corporations as a popular hotel chain based in Germany. Meanwhile, whw and Other voices They warn of the negative impact for native populations, the government insists in which the megaproject will be “a gift to the world and religions.” Why is it so media? The megaproject of Mount Sinai has been on the table for some time. If in recent days he has starred in media such as The country, The BBC either The Art Newspaper It is because there is not only the population of Santa Catalina. Very close an icon of Christianity stands: the Santa Catalina Monasteryfounded in the seventh century and that has the honor of being the oldest Christian monastery inhabited by monks uninterruptedly. “Its walls and buildings are of great value for the study of Byzantine architecture and hosts a highlight collection of manuscripts and primitive icons,” Remember Unescothat in 2002 he declared him a World Heritage. It is not just that the monastery of Santa Catalina is in the same environment of the tourist megaproject. It is that over the last years he has lived his own judicial soap opera with the Egyptian State, which has raised suspicion. After years of disputes and lawsuits for the ownership of the land that occupies, in May a court He ruled that the religious enclosure is located in state land. He is recognized the right to use his soils and archaeological enclaves with religious value of his surroundings, but still the decision that has generated a remarkable dust. What does the sentence say? As you need The countrythe verdict granted to the monastery the rights of usufruct (not property) over 57 plots, but ordered to evict another 14 that were also in dispute. The problem is that part of the plots claimed by Egypt have a role in the day to day of the religious enclosure, linked to the Greek orthodox church and where monks live. “Many of the expropriated monastic properties are very old and were built and have been maintained by the monastery,” Ben Hoffler warnsfamiliar with the area. The monks will be stripped of orchards and fountains. What does one thing have to do with the other? Is it a coincidence that the sentence has arrived just when the new tourist … Read more

One of the most decisive campaigns of Christianity in Europe had a lost piece. It has been solved by a picture of the 16th century

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For centuries, the camp of Carlos v In the German city of Lauingen it was little more than a scene embodied in a team of the 16th century. Painted by Matthias Gerungshowed in detail the surrender of the city during the War in the Danube campaign. We knew that something important had happened there, but we had not found archaeological evidence that confirmed it and the painting could have been a free artistic interpretation. Until five tombs and a boot buckle caused the painting to become an radiography of the past. Danube campaign. In 1531, Protestant princes joined in the Esmalcalda League To fight the Catholicism that made its way in Europe Thanks to figures such as Carlos V. As usually happens, a religious war began, in this case to defend Protestantism against Catholicism in a war that consisted of bell battles when one of the two forces was considered superior, but also in strategic movements games when they felt at a disadvantage. The League had a huge army, but Carlos V managed to gather experienced soldiers and, above all, a lot of artillery. After a series of attacks and constant harassment, added to the fact that there were league troops that were not too close, it resulted in Carlos V to take control of southern Germany in 1546. He did not mark the end of the war, which would arrive a year later, but it was an important turning point. The picture. The Emperor’s main camp during the campaign was located in Lauingen, a town that surrendered in 1546 and inspired by the artist Matthias Gerung to paint in 1551 his ‘Heerlager Karls V. Bei Lauingen’, or ‘The Camp of Carlos V in Lauingen’. It is a historical piece, there is no doubt about that, but if you have not seen it so far it is understandable because paintings of this style there are many. Or not so many? Gerung embodied many details in the work that allow us to get an idea of ​​how the tents were used, as well as the weapons, armor and clothing. It was so rich that there were tiny details, as ornaments in the clothes or broches very well defined. Was it an artistic license or, was it hyperrealistic? Well, rather … the second. Coincides! The painting represents the moment in which the Lauingen Council surrenders to the emperor and is the heritage of that city. To be such an important place, no human or material remains had been found in the area, something strange that could suggest that Gerung … well, a license had been taken. However, in 2024 the situation took a turn when a group of archaeologists from Bayerisches Landesamt Für Denkmalpflege found five tombs of imperial soldiers in a place extremely similar to that represented in the painting. That changed everything. Apart from the remains, it is not that a lot of objects appear, simply some coins and the closure of a hook -shaped boot. “What has to do with the painting?” You will be wondering, because much: that closure coincides perfectly with some that can be seen in Gerung’s painting. The detail of the picture is surprising, everything must be said Coins. In a new one releasethe researchers of the BLFP They claim that the five deceased found were young men who had structural changes in the legs of the legs due, surely, to a large overload fruit of the long marches of the army. But objects are the true protagonists because, normally, in the tombs of this era there are neither coins or footwear remains. And, beyond that the closure of the boot coincides with the one that was represented in the painting, the really key is the dating of the currencies, which by their inscriptions aim to be from the 16th century. And all this represent the first clear dating sample of this era in the area. Eureka! “The antiquity of the coins suggests that burial Deputy Director of the Archaeological Conservation Department of Susabia de BLFP. The next steps of the archaeologists is to continue analyzing the remains found, but the most curious thing about this story is the painter’s excellent documentation to perform his work, since either he was in the place and stayed with all the details or was magnificently advised by someone who was in the camp. And it is, according to the coincidence found by archaeologists, an almost photographic representation of the camp that was touchstone in European history. Images | BLFD In Xataka | In 1061 two Galicians signed a legal agreement. More and more historians believe that it is really a gay wedding

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