The Euclid telescope has discovered a ring in space-time

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He Euclid Telescope of the European Space Agency He has discovered his first Einstein ring. Not only is it one of the most impressive examples of gravitational lenses predicted by Albert Einstein, but a window through which astronomers can study more precisely the distribution of dark matter in distant galaxies. A unique gravitational lens. The NGC 6505 galaxy is located about 590 million light years from Earth. Although in cosmic terms this distance is relatively short, the ring -shaped light that surrounds the galaxy that is 4.4 billion light years. The perfect alignment between the NGC 6505 galaxy and the background light source formed a complete Einstein ring, a type of gravitational lens so rare that ESA does not expect the Euclid space telescope find more than 20 throughout your useful life. This first could be baptized as Altieri’s ring in tribute to the researcher who has discovered it: Bruno Altieri. What is an Einstein ring. Albert Einstein predicted with his Theory of general relativity of 1915 Something that even today, 110 years later, it is hard for us to understand: gravity can curve the space-time, causing the light to go through very massive objects. When a galaxy aligns almost perfectly between us and another galaxy that is more at the bottom, the light of the distant galaxy is curved so symmetrically that, instead of seeing a unique image, we observe a light circle. This phenomenon, formally known as strong gravitational lens, is what is called an Einstein ring. A powerful tool. Thanks to Einstein’s ring, scientists can “weigh” the NGC 6505 galaxy and study how its mass is distributed, including the portion of dark matter that would otherwise be invisible. Modeling how light folds, astronomers have discovered that in the center of this galaxy, dark matter represents approximately 11% of the total mass. It is interesting because, although dark matter constitutes about 85% of the total matter of the universe, in the central regions of the galaxies, the influence of visible matter (the stars) is much greater. A map of the universe. The Euclid space telescope is not limited to looking for gravitational lenses. Launched by ESA in July 2023, has the mission of Create the most precise 3D map of the universe Never done. It is expected to end up covering 14,000 square degrees of the sky and contains more than 100,000 gravitational lenses, which will help to better understand the Visible and dark matter distribution Throughout cosmic history. Image | ESA/EUCLID/EUCLID CONSORTIUM/NASA In Xataka | The new telescopes are taking us to places that we did not even imagine: comets orbiting other stars

The companies of AI have been jumping the copyright for years. They have just suffered a disturbing legal defeat

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Thomson Reuters He has won The first important case against AI in the United States. This legal victory can end up being an important precedent in an open war that exists between generative companies and human creators and content creative companies. When chatgpt or existed. One of the curiosities of the case is that the demand arrived in 2020, even before the revolution created by Chatgpt and other generative AI models occurred. At that time Thomson Reuters demanded the startup of the so -called Ross Intelligence. According to them, the company had reproduced material from its legal research division, called Westlaw. The judge, inflexible. As they explain In Wiredthe defense arguments did not convince Judge Stephanos Bibas, of the Court of the District of Delaware. In his sentence he indicated that “none of Ross’s possible defenses is sustained. I reject them all.” Fair use, nothing. Normally IA companies are shielded in the doctrine of fair use (“Fair Use”). This legal criterion maintains that limited use of protected material is allowed without needing permission from the owner of those rights. As explained in Wiredel, four factors are analyzed: the reasons for creating the work, its nature (if it is an essay, a poem, a private letter), the amount of material used, and how that use impacts the market value of the original. Be careful for what copies. Thomson Reuters won two of those analyzes, but the fourth was for Judge Bibas the most important, because Ross “wanted to octize with Westlaw developing a substitute for the market.” That is: they were copied to try to compete with them in the same market. A precedent with a problem. Curiously Ross Intelligence closed its doors in 2021, precisely Faced with costs of the dispute. It is precisely the opposite with AI giants, who usually have many more economic resources when defending these types of demands. The legal precedent is undoubtedly relevant, but it may be more difficult to wield it if the litigation costs cannot be supported by the plaintiffs. Care, generative. The appearance of all kinds of generative models has unleashed a wave of demands for copyright violation. One of the most important cases is what The New York Times holds against Openaibut there are others like the one that affects Microsoft by Github Copilotthat of Stable Diffusion and Midjourney or the recent one Meta scandal and the books with copyright that he used to train his AI models. Fair use and competition. Precisely this judgment raises an important legal obstacle for AI companies. First, for that argument of the fair use that may now not work. And secondly, due to the fact that when using those works protected by copyright, the impact for the original works can be remarkable. Images | WIRESTOCK | Solen Feyissa In Xataka | Openai has used Copyright content to train its models: now it faces a wave of demands

Now he has lost 40.9 billion in a week and Tesla has been to blame

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After the victory at Donald Trump’s polls, Elon Musk’s fortune marked A double historical record: exceed the threshold of 400,000 million dollars, and almost double your fortune in just a couple of months. However, as the English saying goes: “Easy eats, Easy Go“. The money that comes easy, easy vanis. For the first time in this 2025, Elon Musk’s fortune has fallen from that symbolic brand. The main responsible for that fall: Tesla. Below 400,000 million. The world’s greatest fortune has suffered a serious varapalo after 428,000 million dollars recorded last week, at 387,100 million dollars to which it has fallen today. That loss of 40.9 billion of difference in just one week marks the end of a two -month streak of constants up Very complicated value to keep in time. Less rich, but very rich. Despite the enormous devaluation that his fortune has suffered in the last two weeks, no Elon Musk continues to occupy his position as richest person in the worldfollowed by Mark Zuckerberg, whose fortune has not stopped growing in 2025 and is already at 249.8 billion dollars. The third and fourth place in the Millionaire list of Forbes It is occupied recovering from the stock market which supposed the presentation of Deepseek. The fall of Tesla drags Elon. In addition to being his CEO, Elon Musk is the main holder of Tesla’s minority investor, and has been controlling between 12 and 15% of the electric car manufacturer. That implies that, around 60% of his fortune is linked to Tesla. For better, or for worse. Unfortunately, the brand directed by Elon Musk is not at its best, and accumulates a Fall in the price of your shares of more than 30%, accumulating a 25% decrease in what we have been, leaving the company in the same capitalization that it had at the end of 2021. The Fall in your quote It intensified after the presentation of the results of Tesla of the fourth quarter of 2024, where investors confirmed how the downward trend followed The sales of their cars. Market adjustment and expectations. Such and As they pointed out In Bloomberg, there is a dissonance between the real financial data of Tesla and the price of its shares. This phenomenon, which is common in startups with a lot of potential to experience explosive growth, is not usual in a mature company with more than a decade. So the company’s stock market fall could respond to an adjustment in the expectations of investors before the bad financial results of the last quarters. Deepseek’s arrival has also had a great impact on this impact, since, as its CEO has transmittedBy active and passiveTesla will stop being just a car manufacturer to become an AI company. Know that it is possible to develop a AI at least cost also He has sown concern Among Tesla investors. In short, the perfect storm on the Tesla headquarters. It is no longer your right eye. Investors have tolerated more bad than good that his CEO will pay more attention to the management of his other companies. Critical voices were not missing when he focused on making his rockets They will land autonomouslyor when they considered that he spent more time to tweet incendiary messages in X than harmed Tesla’s finances. In spite of everything, Musk had managed to appease his spirits with brilliant financial results. So much that they even served to ratify his Milmillonario Bonus Salarial. However, your new Doge in front paper in the Trump administration, and its explicit support for formations of extreme right in Europethey have returned to sow doubt Among investors, wondering if Tesla’s CEO is dedicating time and energy necessary to remove Tesla from the current fall spiral. In Xataka | Elon Musk continues to tweet without a brake: there is already a millionaire betting market to hit how many will publish per week Image | Flickr (NASA HQ Photo), Unspash (Dmitry Novikov)

These will be the keys to their next generation of AI models

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In a world where competition intensifies with actors such as Deepseek, OpenAi prepares to launch great changes. The news has been released by Sam Altman himselfwhich has recognized some complications in its current product offer. The launch of GPT-4.5 and GPT-5 Its objective is to improve the experience of users for the future. How we pointed out last monththe nomenclature of Openai’s artificial intelligence (AI) models had become complex and confusing, a situation that ended up aggravating itself with the arrival of reasoning models. To try to put some order, the startup introduced the models selector in Chatgpt for some time, but this feature does not seem to have helped too much. Goodbye Model selector, Hello GPT-4.5 and GPT-5 The novelties that will be released from the new OpenAi roadmap are rough. The first of them bears GPT-4.5 name. This product, called Orion by OpenAI employees, will be the last product of the company “without a chain of thought” And, attention to this point, because after this launch, whose date has not been announced, an important unification will arrive. “From there, we will focus on unifying the models of the series or and those of the GPT series, developing systems that integrate all our tools, know when a longer reasoning is necessary and are useful for a wide variety of tasks,” Altman said. This will translate into the launch of GPT-5, which will integrate much of Openai’s technology, including O3. While the startup presented O3 family In December last year, only the O3 mini version, focused on performance, reached the public. The full version of O3, which is as high as human programmers in certain tests, finally will not be available as an independent model. We can use it through chatgpt and API for developers through GPT-5. In development. Images | OpenAI In Xataka | The companies of AI have been jumping the copyright for years. They have just suffered a disturbing legal defeat

the main astronomical events of February 2025 and where will they be seen

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February is the shortest month of the year, but in an astronomical key it cannot be said that it is not loaded with events. The moon and its phases, a meteor rain and, above all, a planetary alignment that you cannot miss. As we always say, prepare your team, be it a simple camera either telescopebecause the month is really exciting. Growing fourth moon Event where The increase in lunar lighting will already be a constant As for visibility from Earth, on a path to the full moon. When it will be: February 5 Where will you see: around the world Pico de Meteoros Alpha Centaurids Will reach its peak at night from February 8 to 9, producing up to 6 “fleeting stars” per hour. When it will be: February 8 Where will you see: The conditions, apparently, are not favorable. If you are in the southern hemisphere, there is a good possibility that the radiant of the Alfa Centáurids is always above the horizon for you, which means that the meteor rain will be visible all night. The best moment: in the hours before dawn, when the moon has already put on. Full moon The fullness of the moon It will actually arrive near noonat 14:55, peninsular time (CET), 13:55 UTC. When it will be: February 12 Where will you see: worldwide. Luna Fourth Mongant The last lunar phase. When it will be: February 20 Where will you see: worldwide. Planetary alignment On the night of February 28 we will have the extremely unusual opportunity to see Up to seven planets in the sky. Namely, from west to this: Saturn, Mercury, Neptune, Venus, Uranus, Jupiter and Mars. Except in the case of Uranus and Neputono, all will be visible in full view if the weather conditions allow it. To see the (distant) ice planets, good binoculars or a small telescope is enough. When it will be: February 28 Where will you see: worldwide. New moon The moment the satellite will cross its less luminous phase and will lose sight of the “back” to our sun. When it will be: February 28 Where will you see: around the world Image | Pxhere In Xataka | The new telescopes are taking us to places that we did not even imagine: comets orbiting other stars In Xataka | In a stroke, James Webb has just discovered 44 new stars. The surprising: they are almost 6,500 million light years

The US has decided to leave paper straws because everyone hates them. The problem is the alternative: plastic

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Between him merchandising Maga with whom he dressed his bankrupt 2020 attempt For returning to the White House, Donald Trump included a much less resulting piece than his famous red caps, but endowed with the same political burden: plastic straws. The cannulas carried their last name in capital letters, were sold in packages of $ 15 and were, in the words of the Republican leader, the alternative to the “Liberal straws” of paper. They did not serve to win those elections, but to raise thousands of dollars. Now, back at the White House, He has decided that the whole government also begins to use plastic cannulas instead of biodegradables. And as happened in 2020, with it he launches a message that goes beyond the straws. What happened? Donald Trump doesn’t want more straws. Rather, he doesn’t want more paper straws. That’s why He has just signed An executive order with which he reverses the efforts of the administration of his predecessor, Joe Biden, who advanced right in the opposite direction. The Democrat aspired that federal institutions be disregarding plastic cannulas throughout The next few yearsfirst taking them out of their activities in 2027 and then suppressing them until they reduce them to zero in 2035. Why’s that? Simple. Because Trump doesn’t like them. He made it clear already during his failed electoral campaign of 2020 and has stressed again these days, in a resounding way and without half inks, faithful to his style. “These things do not work, I have had them many times, and sometimes they break, they explode. If something is hot, they do not last long, a matter of minutes, sometimes second. It is something ridiculous,” He settled. The republican argument does not end there. Trump has insisted that the attached straws that have been promoting as the ecological alternative to the traditional plastic are dissolved for years “disgustingly” in the mouth and even questions that its use is positive. For both consumers and the environment. Its decree in fact that they incorporate chemicals that “can entail risks to human health”, their production is more expensive than the conventional alternative and also generate waste. “Paper strases are sometimes involved individually in plastic, which undermines the environmental argument in favor of its use,” emphasize. Goodbye to biodegradable straws? Not quite. Trump’s decision is relevant and there are those who have seen in it A declaration of intentionssomething that goes far beyond the simple cannulas. The Executive Order declares that “US’s policy is to put an end to the use of paper straws”, but at the moment its scope is limited: it focuses on the federal administration, putting an end to The Biden era policy that sought that the federal government gradually eliminate the purchase of plastics from a single use. The regulatory framework around the straws is really something more complex. There are cities and states, including California, Oregon, New Jersey or Seattle, in Washington’s own territory, endowed with regulations that limit the use of plastic cannulas or prioritize biodegradable options. Trump’s goal is clear, in any case. Before journalists, he shared transparently what his bet is: “We will return to plastic straws.” Do paper straws work? Trump ensures that its use leads to “ridiculous” situations and even that they are “disgusting” in certain cases. Those are personal, subjective appreciations. What can be affirmed objectively is that science has demonstrated that biodegradable cannulas are far from being perfect and – beyond that they may or may not be softened while using some problems related to their materials. In 2023 a group of researchers published A study in which they exposed their conclusions after analyzing 39 brands of straws of different materials, from plastic or paper to glass, steel and bamboo. And his conclusion was that the biodegradable cardboard were the ones that contained the highest volume of PFAS. That is a problem because these synthetic substances are harmful to humans and the environment. Of a total of 20 paper cannulas brands, 18 showed PFAS. Why is it a problem? It He expressed clearly Two years ago at SMC Marieta Fernández, a professor at the University of Granada, precisely following that study. “The majority of paper analyzed (90%) contained pfas. They were also detected in 80% of bamboo, 75% of plastic and 40% of glass. The steel analyzed, “summarized the academic. Fernández recalls that PFAS are commonly used for non -stick purposes and to improve the resistance of water, heat or spots, so “it is not surprising” to find them in the cannulas. The problem, abundantis that their presence in paper and bamboo straws would question that they are really “biodegradable.” And what is so or even more serious: it question that they are really “suitable for human consumption” products. Better plastic? Paper strases may not be perfect, but those of plastic are also very far from being, no matter how much Trump likes them, confessed lover of sugary and gas sodas. As Remember Fernándezthe study of 2023 also detected PFAS in the plastic units. And while its percentage was lower than in cardboard versions, the result remained elevated: chemicals were detected in 75% of the samples. His big problem is nevertheless another: the impact they have on the environment. The data does not always coincide, but they usually show a worrying scenario. There are estimates that speak that in the US they are used a day 175 million of disposable straws, Straws Turtle Island Restoraction Newtory raises the data to More than 390 million And another calculation –so cited as disputed– points out that in the country each day more than 500 million of cannulas. And what does that mean? Let any of those figures or Another estimatethe truth is that we talk about a quantity of huge straws: hundreds of thousands daily, in the best case, which take only a few minutes to become garbage. The big question is … What to do with them when they are discarded? Do they all end up in the … Read more

Congress has shown its intention to extend its useful life

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The Congress of Deputies has approved This Tuesday a non -law proposition (NLP) on the extension of the useful life of the Nuclear power plants in Spain. The initiative, presented by the Popular Party, has come forward with 171 votes in favor (of the 349 cast), thanks to the support of Vox and a UPN deputy, in addition to the abstention of Junts and ERC. Of course, being a non -binding figure, its approval does not entail any change in the formalized closing calendar six years ago, but it does reflect the position of the chamber and summons the government to assess possible measures in that direction. No change in the nuclear blackout. The Government marked the course of the future energy policy in 2019, when it agreed with the National Radioactive Waste (Enresa), Iberdrola, Endesa, Naturgy and EDP company, the stepped closure of the five nuclear power plants in the country. It is expected that dismantling tasks will begin in 2027 and extend until 2035, with some facilities ceasing to produce electricity before others. To do this, several measures are being launched in parallel, such as the development of a radioactive waste cemetery and a portable laboratory for transfer. Nuclear remains a significant energy source. According to the Nuclear Forumwith electricity data, nuclear plants generated 19.57% of electricity in Spain in 2024. It was not only the technology with the highest number of hours of operation at full power (83.27% of the total hours) , but also the second most important production source in the country, only behind wind. At present, government plans go through renewable energies, But some actors believe that this bet will result in a less robust and stable electrical system than the current one. Nuclear centrals from Spain Europe attends the “rebirth” of nuclear. While Spain keeps firm its nuclear closure calendar, in much of Europe the trend is the opposite. A clear example is Francewhich a decade ago planned to reduce its dependence on atomic energy, but in 2022 it changed course. Not only did he abandon that idea, but decided to bet on new reactors. Finland, Slovakia, Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary They have also announced or are considering the construction of new nuclear plants. The reasons for doing them are many, but one of them is artificial intelligence (AI). AI and Nuclear Energy. Data centers that train next -generation language models require huge amounts of energy. These avant -garde infrastructures operate with the most advanced processing units of companies such as NVIDIA, which triggers their electric demand. Given the need for an abundant and stable supply, technological giants have begun to close agreements to directly access nuclear energy. Microsoft, Google, Oracle and other companies have already taken steps in that direction. And some governments, such as the American and French, are supporting these initiatives. The United States has given green light to the use of federal lands for the construction of data centers and seeks to expedite both permits and access to nuclear energy. Meanwhile, France advances strongly to become a key actor in the sector. Not only is it promoting “the largest campus in Europe” With investment of United Arab Emiratesbut also promotes a data center of more than 1 power gigavatio In collaboration with Fluidstack. “Electricity is available, you just have to connect”, Emmanuel Macron said this week. A small victory, although without concrete changes. As we have seen above, the non -law proposition has come forward with the support of Junts and ERC, Catalan parties in whose region are the nuclear power plants of Ascó I, Ascó II and Vandellós II. These facilities generate 60% of the electricity consumed in Catalonia, which underlines the relevance of the debate. However, beyond reflecting a political position and reviving the discussion about the future of nuclear energy in Spain, the measure does not alter the planned closing calendar. Today, the official plan continues its course and there is no indications that it will be modified. Images | WILLTRON ( CC by-SA 3.0) | Ministry for ecological transition and demographic challenge In Xataka | We are two years after the beginning of the “nuclear blackout” in Spain. Go against the countercurrent raises many doubts and few certainties

Universities do not supply candidates

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Artificial intelligence is putting in check to the university systemthat is not being able to form the necessary rhythm to the thousands of candidates who are demanding companies. A study of Indesia, association aimed at promoting the use of AI in companies and SMEs, points out that up to 5,000 job offers related to AI and data science were uncovered in 2023 due to lack of qualified profiles. Much demand, few candidates. According to data from the report ‘The future of talent in artificial intelligence and dates in Spain’ of Indesia, almost half of the job offers in AI run the risk of not being able to cover, placing this sector as the most affected by talent scarcityfollowed by cybersecurity and cloud. The roles that record greater difficulty in covering their vacancies due to the lack of qualified personnel are Data Architect, Data Engineer, AI/ML Engineer, NLP Engineer and Computer Vision Engineer. Núria Ávalos, General Director of Indesia, declared to The country that “many degrees are now emerging, but until these people are in a position to assume positions as a data architect there are a few years.” That will take its toll to the industry. The report estimates that, if the accelerator is not chopped in the formation of new talent in these matters, during 2025 34.5% more professional will be needed than in 2024. That is already a very complicated challenge to reach by the deficit that was already recorded last year in professionals from these areas. According to data collected In a study of the Faculty of Economic and Business Sciences of the Pontifical University Comillas, up to 75% of the digital transformation projects fail due to the lack of training of employees or their qualification. From Indesia they estimate that the education system is able to train about 6,000 new professionals a year, which is a very low pace taking into account the demand for demand of this sector in the next five years. Ávalos pointed out that “the positions that are now not covered are for more experienced profiles, people who can incorporate and make a digital transformation into a company.” That is, people with high qualification in a relatively recent area, but who has had a very fast evolution. What do universities offer? On the other side of the shore, the universities responsible for training these profiles have not reacted with sufficient speed, and only one third of the 90 universities in Spain offer degrees or careers related to data engineering or with the Focus on artificial intelligence. Silvia Terrasa, director of the Computer School of the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV), assured El País that the process to establish a new university degree that responds to the needs of companies. “It is quite tedious. And then the first promotion does not come out until four years later,” justifying that a gap between the offer of jobs and candidates with adequate profiles. The problem is not the students. One of the biggest problems that universities are facing is the personal lack of teaching to teach subjects in the field of data science and AI. It is a deficit of teachers that already crawls from the lower training cycles with the shortage of Qualified personnel in Stem subjects. The problem is aggravated when such a recent specialization is necessary in which, in itself, there is already a shortage of profiles. “We have no teachers to open more groups,” laments the head of the UPV computer school, pointing out that, if 120 seats are offered for their degrees, 300 students stay out due to lack of place and cannot expand them due to foul of teaching staff that imparts them. A solution proposed by Indesia is to turn companies into training centers, in which students can do guided practices for their specialized personnel. “They are increasingly open for their employees to give classes. They know that it enriches and that it is a way of seeing profiles that interest you and bring them as fellows during the practices,” Ávalos slipped. Importing talent from other branches. Despite the talent scarcity, three out of ten technology job offers are for positions related to data science and IA. That has made many graduates in computer engineering or telecommunications, end up occupying these positions since they have common areas of knowledge. Mathematics and Physical graduates are also recruited. Núria Ávalos pointed out that, in many cases, it is the companies themselves that, given the urgency to cover vacancies, form the candidates internally. “They are recycled in a year, it is not necessary to make a master’s degree. They are usually within the companies themselves.” In Xataka | A study reveals which technological profile will be the most wanted and best paid in 2025: interface designer Image | Unspash (Wonderlane)

The culmination of a long biotechnological career

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Gives vertigo to think that the first artificial breast prostheses They were glass balls or that at the beginning of the nineteenth century Sanguijuelas were used to reduce venous congestion of skin flaps. The world has changed so much (and so fast) that we are not usually able to see the enormous feat they hide some antiojeras patches of 3 euros and 50 cents. And, sincerely, it is a huge mistake. Which hides a patch of the Mercadona. Because the fact that Some “masks” of hyaluronic acid are viral It may seem a curiosity. However, there is a lot of cloth to cut. In a dialogue that has not become famous, but that should be, Miranda Presley tells the protagonist of ‘The devil wears Prada’ that “I understand, you think this has nothing to do with you. You go to your closet and select that deformed blue sweater because you try to tell the world that you take too seriously to worry about what you will wear. But what you don’t know is That Jersey is not just blue, it is not turquoise or marine: it is cerúleo. Exempt from the fashion industry when, in fact, you carry a sweater that was selected for you by people like us. “ This (which is true with the fashion world and with elite restaurants) is exactly like that with aesthetic medicine and contemporary cosmetic industry. After a very cheap patch and A couple of tips to go perfect to the next wedding There are not only “millions of dollars and many jobs”, there is an exciting scientific and technological history. And hyaluronic acid is a great example of all this. Isolated for the first time in 1934, hyaluronic acid is A high molecular weight polysaccharide that is present naturally in our body. An adult human being has, on average, about 15 grams of Ah and, around a third, is renewed daily. Above all, we can find it in the synovial fluid of our joints; But it is In many more placeslike the eyes, the extracellular matrix of cartilage and tendons and the skin. We still do not have very clear all the functions it has in the body, but we do know that it has a key role in maintaining the structure of many tissues, homeostassis, cell hydration and wound regeneration. This is key because, over time, a loss of human connective tissue and its repair processes “that have a lot to do with it is suffered. And the skin is the place where it shows the most. Use hyaluronic acid Help mitigate these problems. We have known that for a long time. Moreover, we knew that (being part of the ‘natural’ substances of the human being) had a very high biocompatibility index and almost no dangerous (or durable) side effect. However, its first commercial use in the 40s was like Egg whiting substitute. The problem for decades was the same: we could only take out the hyaluronic acid from sites such as shark cartilage or clogs of the roosters. fabrics sufficiently rich in this component so that its extraction was ‘cost-effective’. But manufacturing techniques involved a risk of considerable allergy. The hyaluronic boom (and what you have behind). It was not until the early eighties that a first medical product that contained it achieved its approval. Of course, it was Ophthalmological surgeries oriented (cataracts) and had no cosmetics ends. For that we have to wait until 1996 when it begins to be used as a dermo-epidermal moisturizer; But, above all, what The techniques that allowed to manufacture it using genetically modified bacteria were refined. Towards the Nano. It is the perfect metaphor to talk about what is happening with aesthetic interventions. As science advances, that surgery becomes a micro (or nano) that the pharmacology learns to create better molecules and develop better ways to administer them … aesthetic medicine has ceased to be something dangerous, frivolous and niche, for become the “our daily bread” of huge age cohort. The Arrival to the Senectud from the Baby Boom generation (and the economic power they have) does the rest. The science of “rejuvenating your face” is a huge business. And, for the first time in a long time, biotechnology is prepared to offer more than mere placebo. In the same way that modern medicine banished thousands of remedies of doubtful utility, modern biotechnology will change skin care (and the rest of the body) forever. Although, of course, it is not just older thing. Among young people, all this He has also shot. It’s about a social changeYeah; but propitiated by a revolutionary technological change. Every day that passes the techniques become more ambulatory, less intrusive, more effective. Every day that passes the separation between ‘makeup’ or ‘taking care of the skin’ and aesthetic medicine is smaller. Every day that passes the “Rejection science“It’s close to being massive and extremely cheap: democratic. A culmen. That is to say, The patches that Mercadona sells to three and a half euros They are the summary of a very long scientific and technological career of decades that has traveled almost the entire modern industry from the agri -food to genetic engineering passing, of course, through the Aesthetic surgery and regenerative medicine. But, above all, they are a symbol of the times that (With the good and With the bad) They have touched us to live. In Xataka | Some researchers say they know how to end the gray hair. It is good news, but not for our image In Xataka | Aesthetic surgery has opened a new (and lucrative) business in the US that has already made alarms jump: dyeing eyes Image | Pexels – Ron Lach *An earlier version of this article was published in January 2024

We have just rewritten the genealogy of the inhabitants of the Cantabria of the Paleolithic. Thanks to DNA found in the mud

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If we want to enter tens of thousands of years ago in the genetics of our ancestors, the only path we have is to study the bone remains in search of the low genetic material remaining in them. Or at least that used to be the case. 46,000 years ago. Because a new study has achieved Back 46,000 years in the past by analyzing sedimentary challenges in a Cantabrian cave. The genetic material found showed a common genetic ancestry among the inhabitants of the cave and populations settled in southern France in the same era. The mirror and his red lady. The history of the study of the archaeological site of the cave of El Mirón, located in Cantabria, begins with excavations initiated in 1996. Archaeological prospects would give one of its main fruits in 2010, with the discovery of the red lady of El Mirón. It was a partial skeleton that belonged to a woman from between 35 and 40 years deceased about 19,000 years ago. The appellation is due to the fact that the bone remains were found covered with a red ocher paint whose origin would not have been in the direct environment of the cave. Sedadna. One of the most striking details of the study is in its methodology. The new analysis of the remains of the site did not focus on the bone remains of the red lady, even on other types of bones. Instead they noticed the mud. The Sedadna methodology focuses on the sedimentary remains of DNA that still keep genetic information about the ancient inhabitants of the cave, humans or animals. These remains, Explain the study responsible for the study They allow us to ride ourselves very prior to that of the Red Lady, up to 46,000 years ago, in the Musteriense era, when the Neanderthals still inhabited Europe. From Fournol to Cantabria. However, the most relevant period in the new study is the Solutrense, the period in which the last maximum glacier occurred, approximately between 25,000 and 21,000 years ago. The sedadna extracted in the strata of this era allowed genetically to link the human populations that inhabited the cave in this era with other human groups. Specifically with the one known as Fournol lineagea group that we link with some deposits in Spain and in France. The new study allows us to better trace the genealogies of the human groups that inhabited the Peninsular North in Paleolithic. A genealogy that also covers the ancestry of the Villabruna lineage, which would have reached the region in bass Magdaleniensefrom the Balkans and northern Italy. The details of the study were published In an article In the magazine Nature Communications. Great carnivores. Another study key is in animals that inhabited the cave and, therefore, that they could be found in these times among the Iberian fauna. The team found traces belonging to carnivores such as leopard and hyenas, as well as the Dole, Wild Dog Asian or Indian Wild Dog (Cuon Alpinus), A canid now present in Southeast Asia. They also found DNA belonging to ungulates such as mammoths and rhinos, in addition to deer. In Xataka | “Look dad, ox”: the curious story of how an eight -year -old girl unwittingly discovered the paintings of the Altamira cave Image | University of New Mexico

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