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The irrational fear of changing jobs has a name and influences your decision making: sunk cost fallacy

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Often people They cling to jobs that they no longer satisfy them – or that, directly, They do not support-, but they resist leaving it moved by the fear of losing everything they have invested to get to where they are: time, effort or training. Although it may seem strange, this behavior responds to a psychological bias called sunk cost fallacy. This bias can delay decision making to leave a job and perpetuate itself in an unfavorable work situation that can even affect mental health .. What is the sunk cost fallacy? Psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem coined for the first time In 1972 the idea of ​​cognitive bias psychologists such as Daniel KahnemanNobel Prize in 2002, were based on the work of Tversky and Kahneman To demonstrate The profound influence of this bias on business and personal decision making, being relatively easy to be trapped in that immobility situation. Richard Thaler presented for the first time The practical concept of the fallacy of the sunk cost, concluding that people have a greater tendency to use a certain good or service when they have previously invested money in them. According Research From the University of Ohio (USA), the fallacy of the sunk cost refers to the trend that people have to continue an activity or remain in a certain situation because resources have already been invested in it, although these resources are unrecoverable and the logical decision would be to abandon it. In labor decision making, falling into the fallacy of the sunk cost – or of unrecoverable cost – implies postponing indefinitely the decision to change jobs Just because we do not want to “lose” what has cost us to reach the current position. The bias in important decisions This thought error causes people to stagnate in jobs that do not motivate them and are even restricting their professional potential, even when there are evidence of other more beneficial and rational options. The bias is based on a determining psychological factor such as loss aversion. For example, the personal feeling of responsibility for the resources already invested, or the fear to seem like a “wasteful” to others, can make someone stay years in a job that no longer provides satisfaction or professional growth. In Psychological researchit has been proven that the change of work is postponed, although the alternative is clearly better. This paralysis is produced by this aversion to the psychological loss that supposes that all the effort made in the past has fallen into a broken bag. Trapped in their own trap A study carried out by the researchers at the University of Kansas with more than 1,000 participants showed that, who fall into this fallacy, have greater symptoms of anxiety and postpone the search for professional help. Recent research From the Department of Psychology and Economics of the University of California in San Diego, they reflect that “the fact that you have dedicated unrecoverable resources to a project does not mean that you have to sink with the ship,” said their authors. The scientific evidence It reveals that, to avoid making irrational decisions, it is essential to identify this cognitive bias and learn to make decisions based on objective data and future possibilities, not in what has cost you to reach the point where you are. Recognizing the fallacy of the sunk cost is the first step to overcome it In labor decisions. If this awareness does not occur, there is a risk of continuing to invest resources, even more intensely, falling into a vicious circle that will be increasingly complicated to leave. Such and as they highlight From Asana, it is important not to get carried away by immobility and make decisions based on objective data and take an external perspective, not get carried away by fears and investments of the past. In Xataka | We thought to choose among more options would make us freer. The “choice paradox” says no Image | Unspash (Marco Kaufmann)

These are some of the most interesting digital notebooks to resume classes

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Technology is already present in many plots of our day to day. If you are thinking about the return to school, the Digital notebooks They are those devices that will become your favorite classmates in class. Here are some of the most interesting models we have found. Huion Note X10 He Huion Note X10 It is one of those digital intelligent notebooks that stands out for its Elegant designso it is perfect for both students and those who want to use it to work. It has an A5 format (although it is available in other formats) and is accompanied by Huion Serbio Pen digital pencil of 2nd generationwith a much more stable curve and line performance. Also, from the Huion Note app you can access endless tools. HUION Note X10 – Smart Digital Notepad Notepad * Some price may have changed from the last review Rocketbook Core Another intelligent digital notebook model that we want Rocketbook Core. It is available in A4 size21 x 29.7 cm and fits perfectly in any backpack. From the Rocketbook app you can scan and upload your work to Dropbox, Google Drive and onenote. It is made with top -quality reusable points pages and has Waterproof cover and spiral binding. In addition, it comes with a cloth so you can clean the pages once you have scanned them. Rocketbook core reusable spiral notebook, A4 size * Some price may have changed from the last review Yuan Smart Writing Set Although it has a higher cost than the other models, this Yuan digital notebook It is another of those who deserve a hole in our list of recommendations. It stands out, fundamentally, for allowing you write. Admits the save and the Reproduction in video format. In addition, it allows the storage of your pages even if you have no connection. It comes with an intelligent pencil with replacement, in addition to five marks. Yuan Smart Writing Set, Smart Pen+ Smart Notebook * Some price may have changed from the last review Moleskine Smart Writing Set When talking about notebooks or notebooks, it could not be missing, in this compilation, one of the leading firms in the sector, Moleskine. It also has this Moleskine digital writing set with which to save all your annotations. It is a digital notebook that follows the design of all the products of the firm and that comes with a digital pencil (smart pen). Is compatible with the APP Moleskine Notesso that you can save the content of its pages on your smartphone. Its pages are striped and the notebook has dimensions of 13 x 21 cm. Moleskine Smart Writing Set * Some price may have changed from the last review Kindle Scribe If you want a versatile device, the Kindle Scribe It is another essential in this compilation, since it is digital notebook and electronic book reader at the same time. It has a redesigned screen with uniform edges. This Kindle Scribe It has a storage capacity of 16 GB and comes with a premium pencil. Its battery last weeks, so you will forget almost loading it and its screen has a diagonal of 10.2 inches and 300 pp, with frontal light and without reflexes. Amazon Kindle Scribe (16 GB) * Some price may have changed from the last review Some of the links of this article are affiliated and can report a benefit to Xataka. Images | Yuan, Amazon, Huion, Rocketbook and Moleskine In Xataka | These are some of the best tablets you can find to study during the next year In Xataka | Five good and cheap laptops for the return to school that you can find on offer for limited time

This is how coffee and green tea have sneaked into the list of allies

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Before looking at the mobile, before speaking with anyone, there is an almost sacred gesture: prepare coffee. Beyond frightening sleep, that cup could have an unexpected benefit to your health: protect your liver. An invisible enemy. More and more people live with a diagnosis that usually goes unnoticed for years: the fatty liver. A disease that in Spain affects one in four adults, According to the Spanish Association for the Study of the Liver (AEEH). Can’t it be detected before? The point is that the liver accumulates fat silently. At first it does not hurt, it does not bother and does not warn. Only when it advances already becomes more serious problems such as fibrosis, cirrhosis or liver cancer. The accumulation can should be mainly two causes: Alcoholic liver disease, linked to alcohol consumption, or metabolic hepatic stanosis (EHMET or MASLD), related to obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic alterations. And a key actor in the equation: sugar, especially the fructose added in sodas, pastries or ultraprocess cereals. Unlike glucose, fructose is almost exclusively metabolized in the liver, which triggers fat manufacturing. An unexpected ally. Among the classic recommendations – e -evident simple sugars, trans and alcohol fats – science has begun to look at coffee. According to Dr. Javier Escalada, Endocrinologist and director of the Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition of the University of Navarra Clinic, This has explained it for Hola magazine: “Coffee is not only safe, but its consumption is associated with less risk of progression of liver damage. It can even reduce transaminases and protect against hepatecellular carcinoma.” Different studies, collected by Cleveland Clinicthey also demonstrate that coffee helps reduce inflammation and prevents the accumulation of fat in the liver thanks to its antioxidants. As Dr. Jamile Wakim-Fleming pointed out to the same medium, a process called autophagy is activated, a kind of internal cleaning that eliminates damaged cells and protects the organ against fibrosis. Another type of allied cup. In parallel, green tea is also consolidated as another ally. Its catechins and antioxidants help reduce liver fat, improve the lipid profile and exert an anti -inflammatory effect. The evidence is more solid in green tea than in black or red. Of course, with an important nuance: the benefits are observed in traditional infusion, not in extracts concentrated in capsules, which in high doses can damage the liver. A great population study in the Netherlands, Published by Journal of Hepatologyanalyzed more than 2,400 people and found that those who took three or more coffee cups a day had less liver rigidity – a fibrosis indicator – against those who did not consume it. The effect was also observed in herbal infusions consumers. Although not everything depends on a cup. It should be put in context. Neither coffee nor green tea are a magical potion. They work, but within a healthy lifestyle. Doctors insist that the basis of fatty liver treatment is to change the lifestyle. That means following a Mediterranean diet, exercising, no alcohol or tobacco, dominating well and controlling stress. As the nutritionist Isabel Higuera has detailed To the Spanish magazine: “The diet set is more important than food in isolation. In these patients it is key to consume enough fiber, healthy lean proteins and fats, but always adapted to each person.” Beyond the cup. The fatty liver does not warn, but it is not an inevitable destination either. There is no miraculous remedy, although science suggests that small daily habits can make a difference. Among them, something as simple as coffee or green tea, which not only clear the dream, also seem to protect the liver. A reminder that health begins in gestures as simple as what we eat, drink and repeat every day. Image | Freepik and Freepik Xataka | To promulgate raw liver as a nutritious food to end up arrested for threatening Joe Rogan, Liver King’s unique route

and a ranking with their respective scientists

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A synthetic fertilizer that has allowed to feed two billion people. A vaccine against COVID-19 developed in record time. Surgical techniques that converted mortal operations into routine. Behind each of these advances there are names and surnames of scientists whose innovations have saved millions of lives throughout history. The ranking that quantifies the impact. The web Science Heroes He has created a curious classification that estimates how many lives have saved the main medical and scientific discoveries in modern history. From Synthetic fertilizers Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch (more than two billion lives) to surgery for blue baby syndrome developed by Helen Taussig, Vivien Thomas and Alfred Blalock. The site allows to explore the biography of each scientist and understand how their work transformed medicine and society. Image: Our World in Data Why do these figures matter. Although estimates are approximate and subject to uncertainty, these data make visible the impact that scientific research has on our lives. As explained from Our World in Data“It is inspiring to remember that creative, entrepreneurial and tenacious people can contribute greatly to our lives.” The main protagonists of the list. In the upper part of the ranking there are inventions that have saved hundreds of millions of lives: synthetic fertilizers that allowed the green revolution, the Blood transfusionsthe Diabetes insulin wave penicillin. Also highlight more recent innovations such as the COVID-19 vaccine developed by the Sarah Gilbert team, which according to estimates saved 6.3 million lives only in its first year. Beyond the numbers. Science Heroes works as a kind of mini wikipedia focused exclusively on scientists whose research has had a massive impact on public health. By clicking on each name, users can access the biography of each scientist where they explain, in addition to what they discovered, how they did it and in what context. As They recognize From Our World in Data, “none of these scientists worked in isolation,” but their innovations were achieved thanks to collaborative efforts and the previous work of other researchers, hence it is difficult to quantify their success. The difficulty of measuring saved lives. Quantifying the real impact of a scientific discovery is not simple. As the source itself warns, all these estimates must be taken “cautiously” due to the complexity of isolating the effect of specific innovation. However, these exercises help to understand the magnitude of scientific and medical progress. The most common is to tell the deaths, but it is also important to recognize the lives that have been saved, although calculating it ends up being more complex. Cover image | OUSA CHEA In Xataka | What science says about one of the existential debates of being an adult: whether drinking milk makes sense or not

During centuries Galicia was a thriving land of olive groves with unique varieties in the world. What changed it is still a mystery

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If you think of Galicia, in their landscapes, probably the first thing that comes to mind is your sinuous coastline, your beaches and cliffsserpentant channels such as the Sil River as it passes through the Ribeira Sacra, castrosleafy Atlantic forests, grasslands with cattle … The list is extensive (and diverse), but probably the olive groves are not included, a stamp that usually associates more to the peninsular south. It was not always the case. There are indications that Galicia had an interesting relationship with the cultivation of the olive trees that can go back to the times of Gallaecia. When that link declined and what were the causes of the sunset and that the olive tree does not prosper are issues that still generate debate among experts. Olivos in Galicia? Yes. And its relationship comes from afar, it is rich and has inspired researchers who have identified in Galician lands A wide catalog of unique native olive varieties in the world. The indications are suggestive, although I recognized years ago The historian Lourenzo Fernández during a days held in Pontevedra and focused precisely on the olive trees, shadows are still in that bond. “There is no specific historical, nor bibliographic research that will address the presence of Olivos in Galicia,” explained. Looking at the Roman Gallaecia. The link between Galicia and the olive tree can be traced at least Roman Gallaecia. In the middle of the last century, during an excavation in an area of ​​Vigo that is called precisely Oliveira, archaeologists discovered a Roman deposit which included bricks, bases, a mortar, mills, amphorae … and an oil press, among other vestiges. “It is thought that it could be a villa or factoring by the oleic press found, the only example appeared in Galicia. The possible relationship between the obtaining of oil and the olive tree in Vigo was also pointed out, in ancient times, with the activity that would give name to the place,” Explain The Quiñones de León Museum, where the remains rest, although those responsible recognize that the scarcity of remains of oil and amphorae lamps in the environment can be interpreted as a “lack of consumption.” Leaving its mark. Vigo’s is not the only proof of the interesting historical link between Olivo and Galicia. There are ethnographic studies that show that in the region there are dozens and tens of place names related to olive trees, olive groves, oil and similar references. Years ago at least 70 were counted. The CSIC has also identified about twenty varieties of native olive trees, unique in the world, and there is a record of specimens standing from the 18th century, the oldest in the community that are still alive, according to a analysis done years ago. A “very present” crop in Galicia. The presence of olive trees in Galicia put it in value since The industry itself to the organisms public. “The olive culture was very present in Galicia since the time of the Romans. The primitive settlers ate olives, although they did not know the methods of extraction of the oil. The Romans are those that introduce the knowledge of these methods that are transmitted by the territory. Galicia became one of the conquered territories of which the most oil went out to Rome in the second and second centuries.” They detail From Ribeira Sacra tourism. In the community it is not strange either find References of traditional oil mills in which the fruit was used. “In Galicia there were olive plantations, in some cases, of large dimensions, that if we follow some sources they would have been possible thanks to the introduction of this crop in our land by the Romans,” historian Felipe Aira explained in January An article of The voice of Galicia that he remembers how the Jews and Judeoconvers used the ‘liquid gold’ in their kitchens and at least part of the olive trees were preserved in the properties of the church, even after their decline in Galicia, for their value for the elaboration of the liturgical oils. And the great unknown arises. All The chronicles that tell the link between the Olivos and Galicia end up reaching the same question: what explains that their cultivation ends up losing weight? Why Galicia It ceased to be an olive grove? Or even simpler … Why didn’t they remain expanding until they occupy a relevant weight in the Galician fields? As Lourenzo remembered in 2018, shadows are still and a long way to explore “about the presence of Olivos in Galicia. His story is splashed with legends and inaccuracies, he said recently A chronicle Fiftymil, but is usually pointed to a complex sum of political, economic, demographic reasons and the reality of agricultural farms. Click on the image to go to Tweet. Of the Catholic Monarchs to Count Duke of Olivares. When the history of olive tree is explained in Galicia there are two names that are usually repeated: the first, the Catholic Monarchs; The second, Count Duke of Olivares. An extended theory ensures that the former, Fernando II of Aragon and Isabel I of Castilla, adopted a series of decisions about taxes and reorganization that punished the Galician plantations and favored that olive trees be started in the region. But … why? There are those who say that the purpose was to favor the repopulation and crops of the newly reconquered lands of the Peninsular South. Others argue that in their decision, more political factors would have weighed and that when the Galician olive trees sought to penalize the territory and their aristocracy. The “Doma and castration from Galicia, “said the intellectual of the twentieth century, Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao about the policies of the Catholic Monarchs. The context is key and was marked by the defeat of Juana la Beltraneja, and therefore of the nobility that supported her in her cause, and the Irmandiños rebellion that developed in Galicia. The shadow of olive groves. The theory is even more extended that if there … Read more

Our conversations with Claude were untouchable. Today the urgency of data presses to make them raw materials of the AI

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We usually talk to artificial intelligence as if I were one more person and sometimes we trust very personal information. However, we rarely stop to think about what happens to those conversations. Until now, the standard in good part of the sector had been to use them to train models, unless the user opposed. Anthropic represented an exception: Claude He had an explicit policy not to use the conversations of his private clients for this purpose. That exception has just broken. The reason is direct and forceful: the data is the raw material of the AI. Anthropic has just announced in his official blog An update of its service conditions for consumers and their privacy policy. The users of the Free, Pro and Max plans, including the sessions in Claude Code, must explicitly accept or reject that their conversations are used for the training of future models. The company set the deadline until September 28, 2025 and warned that, after that date, it will be necessary to choose the preference to continue using Claude. The Anthropic turn. The modification does not affect everyone equally: services subject to commercial terms are left out, such as Claude for Work, Claude Gov, Claude for Education, or access by API through third parties such as Amazon Bedrock or VerTex Ai from Google Cloud. Anthropic states that the new configuration will only apply to chats and code sessions initiated or retaken after accepting the conditions, and that old conversations without additional activity will not be used to train models. It is a relevant operational distinction: change acts on future activity. Why this change? Anthropic points out that all language models “train using large amounts of data” and that real interactions offer valuable signals to improve capacities such as reasoning or code correction. At the same time, several specialists have been pointing to a structural problem: The open web is running out as a fresh and easily accessible source of informationso that companies look for new data paths to sustain the continuous improvement of the models. In that context, user conversations acquire strategic value. Although Anthropic emphasizes security (improving Claude and reinforcing safeguards against harmful uses, such as scams and abuses), the decision probably also responds to competition: OpenAi and Google remain references in the field and require large volumes of interaction to advance. Without enough data, the distances in the AI ​​race that we are witnessing live can increase. Five years instead of thirty days. Next to the training permit, Anthropic has expanded the retention period for shared data for improvement purposes: five years if the user agrees to participatecompared to 30 days that govern if that option is not activated. The company also specifies that the eliminated chats will not be included in future training and that the feedback Envoy can also be kept. It also states that it combines automated processes and tools to filter or obfuscate sensitive information that does not sell user data to third parties. Images | Claude | Screen capture In Xataka | Microsoft prefers its own 7 that a 10 of OpenAi. The 13,000 million invested in Openai have just gosses meaning

Seoul has released a “holographic police” that arises every night in a park. The intention is clear: dissuade crimes

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A park in Seoul transforms every night into an unexpected stage. From seven in the afternoon, between street lamps and shadows, the figure of a police with impeccable uniform arises. Speak in a firm voice, throw a message and, suddenly, fades in the air. Two minutes later, it reappears to repeat the same scene. It is not a flesh and bone agent, but about Un real size hologram which has become the new attraction and security measure of the neighborhood. The bet began in October 2024 as an experiment of the Jungbu police station and the Seoul City Council. The selected park was not accidental: located next to the popular gastronomic area of ​​Euljiro, it was the usual scenario of incidents linked to alcohol consumption, As the local newspaper The Scoop explains. Police were looking for a way to strengthen security without displaying more personnel in difficult coverage. Thus collaboration with a technology company arose, which designed a system capable of projecting a virtual agent every night to remember that the place was monitored. A HOLOGRAM AGAINST CRIME The device uses a projector that launches the image of a policeman on a real -size acrylic plate. Every night, the hologram appears for a few seconds and repeats again every two minutes. Its presence is not limited to the visual, since in a clear voice it always conveys the same notice, which Remember passersby permanent surveillance of the area: “Hello, we are the Jungbu police station in Seoul. This area has an intelligent CCTV system. This system is in operation so that the police can respond in real time if an incident of violence or other emergency situation occurs. The Jungbu police station will continue working with the district to create a safer community. Thank you.” The first data collected shows that the bet has not gone unnoticed. According to figures from the Jungbu police station, between October 2024 and May 2025, incidents registered in the Park were reduced around 22% compared to the same period of the previous year. The descent was noticed above all in situations of spontaneous origin, such as altercations or discussions linked to alcohol consumption. For the police, this initial effect demonstrates that the hologram has served to cover holes in the usual surveillance. Those responsible for the project insist that the idea was born from a very specific need. Agent Kim Hyun-Don, from the Jungbu police station, He explained in an interview with the South Klab Canal that the park was surrounded by bars and leisure premises and that many neighbors preferred to avoid it at night for fear of meeting drunken people. “We thought that a visible policeman, even if it was virtual, could give security to citizens and at the same time deter those who could cause problems,” he said. For the police, the hologram is a risky experiment, but also an opportunity to innovate in prevention. Not all citizens interpret the hologram in the same way. While some perceive it as a presence that provides security, others believe that the measure will lose efficacy over time. A neighbor interviewed by The Scoop warned that “to really reduce incidents Frequent patrols are needed or a change in the dynamics of the neighborhood. ”In parallel, comments on the Internet oscillated between the joke and surprise: several users described it as a“ police ghost ”, although others celebrated the originality of the experiment. Seoul Metropolitan Police The project, despite its good initial results, is not free of problems. Those responsible admit that technology is sensitive to external factors: on extreme heat or intense cold days, The projector can fail. There are also neighbors who complain that the voice of the hologram is not heard well when there is noise in the street. To this is added a deeper doubt: if at the beginning it impresses and deter, over time it could become part of the landscape and lose its impact. Seoul’s “holographic police” has become a striking experiment within the debate on how to strengthen security in public spaces. Its initial efficacy shows that technology can provide creative solutions, although doubts about their permanence remain open. It remains to be seen if this model will consolidate as a stable tool or if it will remain an anecdote in the urban history of the city. Images | Seoul Metropolitan Police In Xataka | Solving the great mystery of the serial killers: why they disappeared from the 80s without a trace

LG has created a “invisible” aspirator robot. It is saved under the sink, it makes little noise and keeps the mopa always ready

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Aspiring robots have become regular household partners. They have gone from being a technological whim to a practical tool that avoids spending hours to cleaning. However, as we get used to them, we have also begun to demand more: It is not enough that they aspire wellwe want them to do it without interrupting our routine, without occupying space or generating noise. The real comfort is that they work without us just perceiving them. In this scenario it appears LG’s last proposalthought precisely to make that jump. A model that not only seeks to fulfill the task of cleaning, but to do it in the most discreet way possible. The concept is not to add more buttons or striking functions, but in reducing its presence at home, to the point of becoming almost invisible to the user’s eyes. Technology that cleans and disappears from the visual map The South Korean firm will present at the IFA 2025 fair an aspirator robot that moves away from the conventional. Instead of settling in a visible base in the middle of the room, Your station hides under the sinkoccupying a space so far wasted in many kitchens. With a design designed to go unnoticed, it is integrated into the domestic environment without altering aesthetics or requiring additional surfaces. We are facing a proposal that not only seeks discretion, also comfort. The station door opens and closes automatically so that the robot can enter and leave without user intervention. In this way, the cleaning experience becomes completely hands -free, in a line other than that of other vacuum cleaners that continue to depend on voluminous stations in sight. Beyond its hidden location, the robot incorporates technical improvements designed to optimize cleaning. According to LG information, it integrates an artificial intelligence chip that allows you to recognize furniture, objects and areas with dirt, which translates into a more precise navigation and adapted to the environment. It also has a system that detects carpets and automatically orders return to the station to detach the mopa, avoiding unwanted spots on textile surfaces. The station, with discreet appearance, also plays an active role in maintenance. Not only loads the device, it also sterilizes the mop with hot water and steam after each use, reducing odors and guaranteeing constant hygiene. With this, the South Korean company seeks that the user does not have to perform additional tasks and that the feeling of cleaning is maintained at all times. Although the proposal is attractive, there are still important questions. LG has not revealed the commercial name of the model, or its price, nor the availability date in Spain. Nor has it detailed essential technical aspects, such as suction capacity or battery autonomy, data that usually make a difference when choosing between one vacuum or another. The South Korean company has preferred to reserve that information for later, within the framework of the IFA 2025 fair, which is held in Berlin from September 5 to 9. Until then, what is known is rather a declaration of intentions: an approach oriented to practicality and discretion, with the challenge of demonstrating in practice that may be up to its rivals. LG’s challenge is not less, because it enters In a field with consolidated actors. Brands like Irobot, with the Roba Max 705They have opted to facilitate cleaning in households with pets. Roborock, with Saros Z70has taken an innovative step by integrating a robotic arm that expands the extent of cleaning. And dreame me, with the Aqua10 Ultra Roller Completeit focuses on solving one of the usual weaknesses of these devices: the maintenance of the mop. The commitment to a robot that practically disappears seeks to differentiate LG in this competitive scenario. It is not just about offering an effective product, but about convincing users that discreet integration and minimum maintenance are added values ​​in front of a very varied catalog. The LG approach fits with a clear trend: we want technology to do its job without interrupting us. Aspiring robots had already earned a place at home, but this movement points to a new level of integration. A device that automatically cleanshe stays ready by himself and is barely seen. It remains to be seen if the real performance accompanies the promise. Images | LG In Xataka | DREame H15 Mix, Analysis: If I could only buy a vacuum cleaner to clean everything, it would be this

A “key molecules” factory “

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He James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has given us another image for memory, but this time, beauty hides a fundamental discovery about the Chemistry of the Universe. An international astronomer team ha used the powerful webb infrared eye To unravel the complex NGC 6302 structure, better known as the Butterfly. Trying to solve a great astrophysics question. The team of scientists has found in this nebula what could be the first direct evidence of a place of training of Policy aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in a planetary nebula. These molecules, carbon compounds and fundamental for Prebiotic chemistrythey are an essential ingredient in the cosmos, and understanding where and how they are created is one of the great questions of astrophysics. A chemical puzzle in the heart of the butterfly. The butterfly nebula, located about 3,800 light years awayis the spectacular remnant of a dying star much more massive than our sun. In its center is one of the most known hot stars, with a surface temperature of approximately 220,000 Kelvins. This star bombards with ultraviolet radiation the remains of gas and dust that she expelled, creating the intricate and bright ‘wings’ that give her her characteristic name. However, NGC 6302 presented an enigma that brought scientists heading. Your spectrum It showed the simultaneous presence of oxygen rich dust (such as crystalline silicates) and carbon rich molecules (the PAH). This is extremely unusual, since the chemistry of an evolved star usually opts for one of the two elements, depending on whether in its atmosphere there is more carbon or more oxygen. Finding both in abundance was like mixing water and oil. The Webb turns on the light in the dark. Using the Miri instrument (MID-Infrared Instrument) of the JWST, the researchers led by Mikako Matsuura of the University of Cardiff, managed to create a detailed chemical map of the heart of the nebulose, a dense and darkened area by dust. This map deserved an article in the magazine Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society where a much more dynamic and complex structure was revealed than was thought. An astronomical treasure. The study confirmed the existence of a dense album of dust and gas that surrounded the central star. And the album is a real treasure, because it not only contains a huge mass (between 0.8 and 3 times the mass of our sun), but is composed of grains of large crystalline silicates. This supports the theory that this dust was formed in an environment of high intensity and slowly, conditions that would be given on a stable album, perhaps influenced by a companion star, and not in the rapid and chaotic stellar wind. Violent bubbles and a PAH factory. One of the most surprising findings is that the nebula is not being formed by a continuous and soft stellar wind. Instead, Webb reveals that the central star has generated a series of hot gas bubbles in violent and intermittent expulsions. It is precisely on the edge of one of these “internal bubbles” where the “Eureka” moment occurred. The scientists observed a clear stratification of the materials. Specifically, an inner layer of highly ionized gases was seen, such as magnesium and silicon, very close to the star. More outside a layer of ionized hydrogen. And coinciding with this layer, or slightly more outside, a layer of molecular hydrogen. But the most interesting thing is that the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is even more outside the layers. Something unusual to what is already known. This provision is different from that of other regions of Well -studied star traininglike the Orion bar. The researchers argue that the shock wave generated by the expansion of the hot bubble creates the perfect conditions of radiation and temperature in the material that is right in front. This shock front triggers a chemistry that allows the formation of PAH molecules in that specific strip. Instead of being remains of the star’s past, these complex molecules would be manufactured right now, as a result of the violent nebula dynamics. Why is it important? With this research, a first step has been taken to decipher the origin of Complex molecules in our universewhich are considered fundamental construction blocks for the precursors of life. Understanding where and how they are manufactured in the cosmos is crucial to understand the carbon cycle in the universe and the availability of prebiotic ingredients in galaxies that give a new life. The study also demonstrates that the butterfly nebula was not formed by a soft and continuous stellar wind, but by a series of violent and energy bursts. This changes our understanding about how stars die like the sun and how their elements return to space, demonstrating that the final phase of the life of a star can be a much more dynamic process than was thought. Images | POT In Xataka | Spacex has just published unpublished images of the “Rostized” Starship. A unique perspective of his shock after the toughest reentry

Only “a miracle” can save the company that launched Yuri Gagarin

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What until now were rumors and suspicions It has become the harsh reality confirmed from within. And in the most brutally possible way possible. The legendary RSC Energy, the pillar on which the entire Soviet and Russian space program was built, is in a “critical situation”, on the verge of bankruptcy. It does not say a western analyst, but the general director of the Russian company, Igor Maltsev, in an internal statement that contradicts the Kremlin propaganda. “We have to stop lying.” Far from the usual fanfare, the message published on the occasion of the 79th anniversary of RSC Energia lacks euphemisms. “Multimillionaire debts, loan interests that eat the entire budget, ineffective processes and a significant part of the team that has lost motivation and the sense of shared responsibility,” writes Maltsev. Filtered by The Russian medium Gazeta.ru And confirmed by multiple sources, the message is a low blow for Russian space propaganda. Maltsev was appointed director just three months ago and has needed little time to understand the magnitude of the disaster. In his letter, he affirms that the legacy of geniuses like Serguéi Koroliov “has been exhausted” and that, in recent years, “all important projects and all deadlines have been breached.” On the verge of bankruptcy. In a desperate cry, Maltsev warns their thousands of employees that the future might not be the “flourishing of RSC Energy”, but the “closing of the corporation and the impossibility of functioning normally, paying salaries and creating new products.” The conclusion of your message, Full -widespread in Telegram channelsIt is almost a plea to heaven: to get the company forward is a task “of the kingdom of miracles”. It is a radical change against the usual rhetoric of Roscosmos, which usually focuses on past glories and Grandilocuent future projects But with little financing. As Eric Berger points out in Ars TechnicaThe reality is that the Russian space program is deeply definanced, a situation that has been especially aggravated by the war in Ukraine. With interest rates in 18%, capital is increasingly scarce and debts become unpayable. The end of the Russian monopoly in the ISS. The RSC Energia crisis, manufacturer of the created Soyuz ships and the progress cargo ships coincides with the moment when its role in the International Space Station has ceased to be indispensable. For decades, Russia has been in charge of raising the orbit of the station to counteract atmospheric decay, a task that performs with the engines of the Zvezda module or the progress ships coupled to the ISS. However, his monopoly is already history. NASA, concerned about Russian threats to leave the stationit has been looking for alternatives for years. And he has already found them. As Daniel Marín details in EurekaSpacex’s new CRON-33 ship has been equipped with a specific propulsion system to raise the ISS orbit regularly. This capacity makes the Dragon a robust and reliable alternative to Russian progress, eliminating the main pressure lever that Roscosmos had left at the station. A minimum diplomacy. Ironically, this unprecedented internal crisis coincides with a shy diplomatic thaw. As We counted in XatakaNASA and Roscosmos bosses gathered in August for the first time in almost eight years. On the table, they agreed to maintain cooperation in the ISS until 2028 and collaborate in their future exorbitation. This approach, more than a sign of strength, seems like a pure need maneuver. The space station agrees by leaps and bounds, with the Russian module Zvezda as the main concern for its persistent air leaks. The Maltsev action call is the most obvious symptom that the Russian space program faces a systemic collapse. The loss of its technical monopoly in the ISS, combined with an internal economic bleeding, Leave Roscosmos in its weakest position in decades. The “miracle” requested by the director of Energy is not only to save a historical company, but to prevent one of the great legacies of space exploration from becoming a museum piece. Image | ROSCOSMOS In Xataka | The Marian Rover of ESA is definitely damn: the exomars mission accumulates 20 years of calvary and bad luck

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