Month: July 2025

Leave an army without internet in the middle of a battle

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In a war where drones are as crucial as ammunition, cutting Internet access is the equivalent of cutting supply lines. And that was exactly what, according to a new and explosive Reuters reportmade Elon Musk in Ukraine at the end of September 2022, paralyzing a key counteroffensive against Russian troops. It was not a technical failure, nor a Russian cyber attack. According to the agency, it was a direct order of the Musk itself that left the Ukrainian troops blind and showed that the richest man in the world has the power to change the course of a war from his office in California, thousands of kilometers away from the front. The story, which contradicts the public statements of the businessman, is based on the testimony of three people who know the decision of Elon Musk. The first direct proof that the tycoon interfered in the Ukraine War since Walter Isaacson told a similar case in his biography and then rectify. But the incident goes far beyond past controversies and places the tycoon in an unprecedented geopolitical power position for a particular citizen. A deliberate blackout in the front of Jersón. The events occurred during a key counteroffensive of the Ukrainian army to recover the strategic region of Jersón. The Ukrainian troops advanced and depended almost completely on the Starlink terminals for everything: coordinate attacks, point the long -range artillery and pilot the surveillance drones that gave them eyes on the Russian positions. It was then that Elon Musk gave the order to a Spacex engineer, Michael Nicolls, to cut the coverage in the counterattack areas. According to one of the sources, the order was blunt: “We have to do it.” In the Spacex offices, employees complied, seeing how a hundred hexagonal cells that represented Starlink’s coverage on the company’s internal map were turned off. The impact on the front was devastating. The communications were suddenly cut and the surveillance drones were left without a sign, leaving the isolated and vision units on the enemy forces. Artillery units, which are used for the precise geolocation of objectives, began to fail in their shots. The soldiers panic. According to a Ukrainian officer, the attempt to surround a Russian position in the city of Berislav failed after the blackout. Although Ukraine managed to release the area, Musk’s decision temporarily redrawed the front line. Walter Isaacson’s biography fell short. This new report on Jersón is more serious than the most famous controversy to date: the Crimea incident. In September 2023, Walter Isaacson published his biography of Elon Musk telling that the tycoon had ordered to turn off the Starlink connectivity in Crimea to frustrate a Ukrainian attack with submarine drones against the Russian fleet in Sevastopol. That statement caused a media earthquake, but was withdrawn by Isaacson himself in subsequent editions of the biography. According to Musk, what happened was actually that Ukraine had requested emergency activate Starlink’s coverage on Crimea, an area where he was not operational. Musk refused. Your reasoning, expressed in several publications in XIt was clear: doing so would have turned Spacex an accomplice of an act of war, violating the law. So why did you interfere in Jersón? Reuters research points to a reason that Magnate himself has expressed on other occasions: The fear that Ukrainian advances will cause nuclear retaliation by Russia. At that time, Vladimir Putin had threatened to use nuclear weapons if Russia’s “territorial integrity” was compromised. This fear, which according to the report was shared by senior US officials, seems to have been the trigger for Musk to decide that the Ukrainian counteroffensive had gone too far. In his biography, Isaacson collected this kind of existential anguish: “How am I in this war? Starlink was not conceived to be involved in wars. It was for people to see Netflix and relax, not for drone attacks.” The Ukrainian dependence of Starlink. “One of the main factors for which Ukraine was not overwhelmed by Russia is Starlink’s support that I provided, with great risk to spacex of cyber attacks and physical attacks by the Russian military forces,” Musk wrote in the late 2024. “Starlink is the backbone of Ukrainian military communications in the front.” Starlink is a constellation of thousands of satellites, much more difficult to block through interference than Other satellite Internet services. It also offers much larger bandwidth and latency much lower than other operators. This technological superiority has not only been crucial for Ukraine, but has given Elon Musk, the owner of Spacex (which is still a private company) an unprecedented power. Image | The White House In Xataka | China and Europe are investing a fortune in their own Starlink: the US advantage is too big to ignore it

All that and much more in Crossover 1×16

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This week we have our 1×16 crossover is special, especially for the guest that accompanies us. It’s about Carlos Santana (@Dotcsv), whose channel From YouTube it has become one of the most followed for those interested in the world of AI. Accompanied as always by Jaume Lahoz and Carlos Santa Engracia, this expert tells us about its beginnings as a disseminator in the world of AI and then entering current issues. For example, what expects from OpenAi project with Jony Ivewhat future does the AI Open Source have in local or what is the present and future of the video generated by models as I see 3. But above all Analyze Apple’s situationa company that still does not get hooked to the world of AI despite the time it has passed since Openai launched Chatgpt At the end of 2022. It also plays other issues, such as the future of Humanoid robots at home or if the AGI is as close as Sam Altman (OpenAi) or Dario A amodei (Anthropic). There are also in this episode parallel issues: we wanted to make a debate about the fast charging on mobile And why Apple has never adopted it to the extent of many of its Android rivals. And we have also been able to see Carplay Ultra in Action and Carlos makes us enjoy A fun vlog by New York Thanks to a recent visit to that country. Enjoy the episode! On YouTube | Crossover

Galileo Galilei of the 21st century is an unknown man who has discovered more moons than no one is going to discover

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If they asked you about an astronomer, you would probably think of Copernicus or Galileo Galilei. Maybe Carl Sagan came to mind. If they add “to be alive,” you might answer Neil Degrasse Tyson or, in the event that you are a fan of Queen, Brian May. The name that would hardly come out in the conversation is Scott S. Sheppard, an astronomer as prolific as unknown. The number 1 in yours. Yeah Cristiano Ronaldo He is the greatest scorer in the history of professional football, Scott S. Sheppard is the CR7 to discover objects in our solar system. In total, he has put his name in more than 200 planetary moons: 78 of Jupiter, 119 of Saturn, three from Uranus and three of Neptune. Practically half of all known planetary moons. A record that, as points out Iflscienceprobably will never be overcome, and he has continued to swell it in recent months. The true king of Jupiter. In April, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) confirmed the discovery of two new moons in Jupiter, raising the official total giant to 97. Their provisional names are S/2017 J 11 and S/2017 J 10. Both are small moons and with retrograde orbits, that is, they revolve in the opposite direction to the rotation of the planet, something common in the outer and smaller satellites of Jupiter. And yes, he has discovered them Scott S. Sheppardthat with these two new findings, he adds almost 80 moons of Jupiter to his credit. To put it in perspective: Galileo discovered the first and largest moons of Jupiter in 1610. Since 2000, Sheppard has overwhelmingly dominated the search for Jovian satellites. What is resisting: Planet 9. He extensive curriculum Sheppard looks more like the index of an astronomical atlas than to the discoveries of a single person. In addition to natural satellites in Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptunethis astronomer of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington DC has also discovered 23 minor planets, six candidates for dwarf planets, three comets that bear their name (Sheppard – Trujillo, Sheppard – Tholen and Trujillo – Sheppard) and The most distant object ever observed In the Solar System: 2018 Ag37 “Farfarout”, about 130 times the distance between Earth and the Sun. This is where your work becomes even more fascinating. Many of his discoveries are transneptunian objects such as 541132 Leleākūhonua “The Goblin”. And it is no accident. Sheppard and his colleague Chadwick Trujillo found them while looking for something much bigger: The hypothetical planet nine. Themselves proposed in 2014 The existence of a superstraier -type distant planet to explain the strange orbits grouped from objects such as the Minor Sedna planet. Image | Carnegie Science In Xataka | What types of satellites exist: guide not to get lost in a gigantic network of which we are increasingly dependent

The sudden turn of this F -18 of the Air Force left Gijón without words. Now we know exactly why it happened

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Air festivals are for that: to amaze aviation enthusiasts with scenes impossible to see in a conventional airport. Uncommon aircraft, extreme maneuvers, moments that are recorded over fire. But what happened this weekend in Gijón was something else. An F -18 starred in such an unexpected maneuver that manyfrom the shore of the beach of San Lorenzo to social networks, they stayed with their hearts in a fist. In just a few seconds, the hunting descended in parallel to the Paseo Marítimo, made a sharp turn at a very low height over the sea and gained altitude again. The flight, which was part of the official show of the Gijón Air Festival, seemed to have left the script. Decisive response. The Air and Space Army He explained on Instagram What happened: “One of our f -18 fighters made an evasive maneuver by detecting a flock of birds in its trajectory. This action is part of the usual protocol to preserve both the integrity of the pilot and the security of the public.” In the same publication, they stressed that “the pilot acted quickly and professionalism, avoiding a possible impact without compromising the exhibition.” PUSLA to see the original publication on Instagram A maneuver that, far from being improvised, demonstrates the level of preparation that these aviators face. When you have to react without margin, there is no place for doubt. Gijón and his festival. With 19 consecutive editions – Salvo 2020, which was digital for the pandemic – the Gijón Air Festival It is already the reference event in Spain. For three days, the city becomes a meeting point for civil, institutional and military aircraft, with an outstanding closure on Sunday at noon on the beach of San Lorenzo. This year, the F -18 and the Eurofighter They were two of the poster stars. And, although it was not planned, the American hunting ended up signing the most commented maneuver of the day. The F -18, a combat classic with history in Spain. The McDonnell Douglas F -18 Hornet, called C.15 in the Spanish Armed Forcesit is a bimotor combat plane that entered service in the country in 1986. It can reach a maximum speed of Mach 1.8, operate more than 15,000 meters of altitude and load more than 7,000 kilos in weapons and missiles. Spain acquired 72 units after a long selection process and, since then, is part of the wings 12, 15 and 46, deployed in key bases such as Zaragoza, Torrejón or Gando. His versatility has allowed him to participate in Missions Air -Aire, Air -Superficie and International Operations in the Balkans, under the NATO umbrella, in the 1990s. When the sky surprises. Gijón’s scene, although brief, perfectly synthesizes what happens when heaven and technique cross at the right time. That flush maneuver on the sea, that forced turn in full flight, was as spectacular as justified. There were birds in the trajectory. And the pilot did what he had to do. From the army they insist that security is always priority. But even with all the protocols underway, exhibitions such as this demonstrates that flying so close to the public remains, by definition, an exercise where the unexpected never disappears completely. Not just fighter: sometimes other airplanes steal the show. And it is not the first time that an institutional flight surprises. In another air festival, the protagonists They were two planes of the Slovakia government: An Airbus A319 and a Fokker 100 that, despite not being fighters, signed an high level exhibition, with maneuvers that left all speechless. His deployment became one of the most viral moments of that event, and in Xataka we tell it here: Images | spotting_daanii.pl (Via Army Air) In Xataka | If something matches all mortals, it is the limit of 100 ml in the plane’s hand luggage. That is about to end

Sydney Sweeney stars in a new announcement of jeans. And for some it is the end of the “era woke”

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The campaign that Sydney Sweeney has starred for American Eagle He has raised an opinion polcareda in the United States, with accusations of racism and even Eugenics Defense that are rarely made to clothing marks. On the surface, criticisms accompanied by the moment of special sensitivity in the country; If we deepen a little more, an authentic thermometer of the Anti-Woke wave that deployed throughout the state since Donald Trump won the elections. American Woman. That Sweeney star in a campaign for American Eagle has nothing strange: one of the actresses with a more canonical beauty of the current Star System Hollywood Juvenile at the service of a purely American jeans brand. The ads have an erotic and fashionable point, almost Vintage In his shameless contemplation of Sweeney’s physicist, and at the same time self -conscious, to parodic of pure topic (checking the engine of a typical American car, recording with a video camera, I made a casting …) Good genes. The problematic is the slogan: “Sydney Sweeney Has Great Jeans”, an intraductible misunderstanding set between genes and jeansthat in English they pronounce the same. In one of the clips The misunderstanding comes to make explicit, and the protests have happened. Articles like this room They speak of commentators strange that it is precisely a blonde, white and blue -eyed woman, which is described as’ good genes. “It is a speech that many find, as the article details, uncomfortably similar to the discourse on The “upper race” of the Nazissince “good genes” is a message that has traditionally wielded ideology groups related to eugenics. Eugenics Today. The eugenic movement in the United States was An important social and scientific phenomenonmainly active from the end of the 19th century until the mid -twentieth century, and aimed Improve “genetic quality” of the population through selective breeding and reproduction control. It was greatly fed by beliefs in biological determinism and The racial hierarchy And he frequently pointed to groups considered “not suitable”, as poor, disabled, certain racial and immigrant minorities of the southern and east of Europe. Today, the movement does not exist in an organized way, but has experienced resurgence Thanks to certain political and social groups auged by Trump’s conservative ideas: beliefs in “genetic purity”, opposition to diversity efforts and hard migratory positions framed in statements pseudo-biological about “bad genes.” Even today laws persist in the country based on eugenic principles, such as norms for “usual criminals” or The laws of three crimes. Ozempic Empire. Some observers They also point to Ozempic consumptionwho has grown up significantly in the United States. The medicine has become a social phenomenonwith a boom auged by Influencers and pressure on social networks that encourage its use to lose weight. This has done that The movement Body Positivity that claimed diverse bodies and not adjusted to traditional canons of beauty has entered into decline: in front of a new cult of thinness and an “era of self-injection.” In Tiktok, this Return to the ideal of very thin bodies Similar to 2000, disguised as inclusion and self -acceptance, it already has a name: “Skinnytok”. Woke decays. All this panorama (claim of canonical bodies, toying accusation with defiantly ultra -right -wing root ideas, the theoretical undercover racism) is under the umbrella A broader and more complex phenomenon: The recent wave that groups politicians, influencers, podcasters and Leaders of the technological sector that They oppose the policies and speeches associated with the “woke ideology”. For example, an icon of this movement, the governor of Florida, Ron Desantis, has promoted laws to combat the teaching of the critical theory of the race, which enters with the theories we have seen above. Antiwake wave critics denounce that, disguised as Fight for Freedom of Expression (which is undoubtedly what allows American Eagle to launch campaigns like this), this rhetoric serves to preserve white and conservative power structures, attacking narratives that promote racial and social justice. That is, very in line with criticism of this new campaign starring Sidney Sweeney. Header | American Eagle In Xataka | Hildegart, the “red virgin” designed by her mother to eugenize Spain and ended in tragedy

Fire and ash ‘converts the na’vi into their own hell

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Pandora no longer looks bright oceans or spiritual jungles: there is fire, ash and a threat that burns from within. The trailer of ‘Avatar: fire and ash‘ It is now available and points to a conflict as we had not seen so far in the saga. What is shown is a brief advance, but enough to intuit the tone: darker, more visceral. The film will arrive at theaters on December 19 and will do so in premium formats such as IMAX 3D, Dolby Cinema 3D, Reald 3D, 4DX or Screenx. Pandora Arde: A new threat makes its way Everything continues to revolve around the Sully family, although the environment is no longer the same. We see the na’vi of the sea and the forest (the Methayina included) in front of a new threat: the Asha tribe led by Varang. That fire does not only sweep the landscape, he also redefines the conflict. What began as a fight between species now points to fractures within Pandora. The trailer suggests a more personal and dramatic story. Cameron again bets on a choral cast that combines known faces with key incorporations. They return Sam Worthington and Zoe Saldaña Like Jake and Neytiri, along with Sigourney Weaver, Stephen Lang, Kate Winslet and Cliff Curtis, in addition to young people who give life to the Sully family. The focus also moves to Oona Chaplin, who plays Varang, the leader of the fire clan. David Thewlis and Michelle Yeoh are also added. Behind fire and ash there is a vision of saga that Cameron has been designing for years. Avatar’s third installment is part of a colossal project conceived Like five films. The calendar has changed more than once, but the ambition remains intact: explore pandora by layers, clan clan, conflict conflict. What we see today as a new installment was born, in reality, next to ‘The sense of water‘. Both formed the same story until Cameron decided to separate them when he started writing. Pandemia delayed part of the process, but production continued and Avatar 4 and Avatar 5 They continue in the plan. Avatar: Fire and ash no longer only about colonizers and resistance. Talk about internal cracks that scale at new levels. The war continuesbut now burn from within. We will have to wait until December 19 to see history in all its splendor in cinemas. Images | The Walt Disney Company In Xataka | ‘The fantastic 4 is the most disappointing superheroes saga in the history of cinema. And the first criticisms are not optimistic

Terraces that absorb the noise and let you know if you pass volume

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One of the favorite neighborhoods to leave in Valencia is Ruzafa. It concentrates a lot of gastronomic and leisure offer, which for visitors is wonderful and for neighbors not so much, than They have been complaining years of noise on weekends. The City Council has had an idea to minimize noise: terraces that absorb sound and warn when certain decibels are passed. The project. It is being carried out within the framework of Valencia Innovation Capitalan initiative of the Department of Innovation. The objective is to create an official model that can be taken to other parts of the city and that “responds to criteria of sustainability and resilience to climatic conditions, with the aim of facilitating the right to rest of the neighborhood”, as reported in Europa Press. At the moment the project is in a pilot phase and the Ruzafa neighborhood has been chosen to carry out the first test, which will end in November. Ecoterrazas. Thus they have called the new anti -Red terraces that have already been installed in nine stores on Cura Female Street, one of the busiest in the neighborhood since it is pedestrian and is full of premises. The terraces have several elements focused on reducing both noise and heat. Are the following: Umbrellas: They have several layers and a special fabric that can reduce the temperature. Phonoabsorbent discs: made with a material that absorbs sound waves. At the same time they act as parasol. Lamps with intelligent notice: They are small connected table lamps that, if the allowed decibels are exceeded, change red. Click on the image to access the publication in X. Fed up neighbors. The reaction of the neighbors has not been waiting. The Russafa Association rests described the “posture” measure and denounced that just three days after the installation several panels had already been collected. In addition, the project is concentrated in one of the busiest streets, but the problem It affects more than twenty streets in which there are almost 300 leisure and restoration stores. Zas. Are the acronym for Acoustically saturated zone. The Ruzafa neighborhood It has been declared declared Zas Zone. This measure cuts the opening schedules and limits the new terraces licenses. However, it does not collect anything about other types of establishments. The neighbors already They have denounced that it does not include any measure to limit the schedules of discos and pubs. Many of these stores are soundproofed, the problem is that people spend a lot of time in the adjacent streets, generating noise high at night. Insufficient. The truth is that the initiative of the anti -Red terraces is interesting as a starting point to minimize noise, but in gentrificed neighborhoods such as Ruzafa, full of premises and also tourist apartments, the problem of noise goes beyond the terraces of the bars. Neither is its effectiveness: the same day of its installation Noise levels that reached 67 decibels were recorded In the two areometers that the City Council has installed on that street. The maximum registered in this location has reached 74 decibels, according to the City Council in its Sonometric study. Images | Valencia Innovation Capital and Wikipedia In Xataka | The other silent pest of European cities: noise

Most of us are irremediably addicted to the mobile. An ex-Google worker has the solution

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How many times do you look at your mobile per day? You can easily check it and surely the number will surprise them (I an average of 70 times a day). Many times we only look at the time, sometimes it is a notification that attracts our attention. The fact is that we look at the mobile many times, to fight it, in Xataka mobile They have tested the trick proposed by a former Google employee: not having apps on the home screen. The idea. In an attempt to lower their mobile statistics, our partner Eva Rodríguez He found a method that he had not tried. The idea arises from the book ‘Make Time: How to focus on what matters every day’written by Jake Knapp and John Zeratsky Ex-Google and YouTube workmen respectively. In the book, the authors explore several methods to improve our habits and recover The concentration, the great victim of the digital era. The mobile is one of the main culprits, so it is not surprising to dedicate a complete block. Zero apps. You unlock the mobile to look at the time and, without realizing it, you end up sending Reels To your friends. If you use a lot of Instagram and you have the app in view, it is very likely that you almost unconsciously open the app. We can try to hide it in a folder or take it to another screen, but the authors propose something more radical: to completely empty the home screen. The idea behind this is that we have to think what we want to consult when taking the mobile and not that we do it impulsively because we see an icon. The before and after the Eva beginning screen. Works? Eva left her starting screen completely “peeled” to see if he stopped consulting the mobile. The first thing he felt was unease in case something important was lost, although he admits that he has not had problems in that regard. The second was that the mobile was resulting extremely uncomfortable to drive. It may seem negative, but it really is what this technique seeks. He has managed to stop the inertia that makes Instagram, X or Tiktok open and end up in a spiral of doomscrolling. There are more. In the book, Knapp and Zeratsky speak of more tips to reduce mobile distractions such as eliminating all notifications. This is quite obvious, but they have other more curious such as closing the open sessions. The author not only closed them, he also changed the passwords for something very difficult to remember, so that he could not log in without going through the password manager, which of course also had the session closed. Create friction. This is what the advice of these authors seeks, which is uncomfortable to find that app with which we lose time. In other words: we have to strive to procrastine. If we eliminate fast access we can no longer enter with a simple touch; Now you have to open the Apps drawer and look for it among all we have installed. Automatism ceases to be something automatic and becomes something sought and intentional. Images | Eva Rodríguez, Xataka Mobile In Xataka | We have our attention so broken that a buoyant industry has emerged: keyboards “without distractions”

Europe has promised to spend 250,000 million dollars in US energy. The problem is that the USA surely does not have it

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On the facade of the Turnberry golf course, between the Scottish Greens and the handshakes of hand, Europe and the United States They avoided a commercial war with an agreement that has been received with relief, but with considerable skepticism. As a headline, diplomatic victory sounds, but energy reality hides much greater complexity. The tariff pact. Donald Trump described the agreement as “the greatest of all”, announcing it from his Scottish resort. For his part, Ursula von der Leyen stressed that they had avoided reaching 30 %tariffs, which Washington had threatened to impose if an agreement was not reached before August 1. The agreement establishes a 15% tariff On European exports to the United States, accompanied by investment and import commitments that seek to “rebalance” a historically asymmetric commercial relationship. However, among the headlines a figure stands out: 250,000 million dollars annually in European Liquefied Natural Gas Purchases (LNG), Petroleum, coal and even US nuclear fuel. And there begins the problem. Does the United States have the capacity? The answer, As the journalist Clyde Russell has analyzed in ReutersIt is a clear “no.” In 2024, the total value of the United States energy exports to the European Union – including raw, gas, coal and refined products – was approximately 65,000 million dollars. To reach 250,000 million promised, they should quadruple. Even if Europe bought 100 % of US exports of crude oil, gas and coal – and no other country received a single drop of American energy – it would continue to be well below the objective. Russell He has described it As “an illusion”, comparable to the failed “phase 1” agreement between Trump and China in 2019, when energy purchases of 200,000 million were promised that were never fulfilled. So what is motivation? The explanation is more in politics than in logistics. The EU has preferred to avoid an escalation that threatened to paralyze its industrial exports, especially in sensitive sectors such as motor, pharmaceutical or semiconductors. As Columnist Pierre Briançon has explained in Reutersit is a “chapter disguised as success.” The new 15 % tariff multiplies by ten the previous average (1.6 %) and is not accompanied by equivalent tariff concessions by the US, beyond some specific sectors such as aviation or certain chemicals. Meanwhile, the European bloc also promises an additional 600,000 million dollars in direct investment in the United States during Trump’s mandate, including armament purchases. All this in a context of increasing tension by war in Ukraine, the dependence of NATO and American pressure on European technological regulations. From Moscow to Texas. One of the key justifications presented by Von der Leyen is that this energy turn reinforces European independence with respect to Russia. As pointed out in The Telegraphimporting US gas and oil will allow the continent “to free itself from Russian energy blackmail.” However, As several diplomats cited by Financial Times have pointed outThis also means a deeper dependence on an unpredictable and volatile trade partner. “Trump knows exactly where our pain threshold is,” an ambassador confessed to the British newspaper. In fact, it is not the first time that Trump threat directly to the EU with punitive tariffs if there are no immediate concessions. In addition, the London medium has detailed That the EU had a retaliation package worth 93,000 million euros, but was never activated due to lack of internal consensus. Germany, Ireland and Italy pressed to soften measures and protect national interests. Brussels’s “commercial bazuca” never shot. A word flies over: renewable. This energy turn also puts the European ecological transition under pressure. The pact does not mention concrete commitments in renewables, and on the contrary, Trump took advantage of the summit to load against wind energy, describing it as “the most expensive energy form” and a “scam”, As the Telegraph has collected. This raises a contradiction: while Brussels promotes projects such as Invest ai To create chips gigafactories and boost green digitalization, at the same time compromises astronomical sums on fossil fuels. A dissonance that, As the expert Mujtaba Rahman recalled in statements to Nyt“It reflects European concern for other geopolitical scenarios rather than for energy coherence.” Are they winning time? To ask ourselves, this is the first thing that comes to mind: it seems that Europe has bought time. Time to avoid immediate reprisals, to keep Trump moderately satisfied, and for the next administration – be it or not – redesign the rules of the game. A strategy that reminds the “Run the Clock” with which China sailed the 2019 trade war. Meanwhile, neither 250,000 million exist, neither gas flows yet, nor are the details closed. As The journalist Tim Wallace has summarized: “What seems like a tactical victory today, tomorrow can reveal its strategic cost.” Image | Unspash Xataka | The US has come to threaten Apple to manufacture the iPhone in the country. Your answer: spend 500 million in magnets

What is global warming, what are its causes and how we are trying to fight it

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The concept “global warming” seems to have fallen into disuse. Today we often speak of concepts such as “climate change” or even “anthropogenic climate change.” Are synonyms? Two expressions with which we can refer to the same phenomenon? Not quite. We could say that global warming is a single Appearance of climate changealthough perhaps it is the central aspect of this. The difference between one concept and another can be subtle but understanding it can help us better understand the phenomenon as a whole. What is global warming Let’s start with the basic question: what is global warming. We call global warming to a phenomenon observed in recent decades: a Increase in the global average temperature Atmospheric This increase in temperatures is not uniform or constant, but the records indicate that it has been producing, at least, Since the beginning of the 20th century. It is impossible to give a concrete measure of this increase since it can vary depending on the reference period we use. For example, According to the data of the surveillance system Copernicuswe can ensure that the temperature of the year 2024 was 1.65º Celsius higher than the pre -industrial average temperature, understood as the average temperatures between 1850 and 1900. It was the first year in which we exceed the imaginary figure of 1.5º, a key figure for climate experts. The figure must be taken with caution: the natural variability of global temperatures, including factors such as the oscillation of the southern El Niño could have contributed to an extremely warm year. That is why the trend is in this case more important than the data itself. Difference between global warming and climate change We indicated at the beginning that global warming It is one of the aspects of a more general phenomenon, Climate change; also called anthropogenic climate change to distinguish it from the numerous climate changes that have occurred throughout the geological history of our planet. We generally see the weather as something static, in contrast to the weather, changing. However, the weather varies not only depending on our location but also over time. What makes special climate change are two factors: the rapid speed at which the climate and its anthropogenic origin change. He Average increase in global temperatures It is the key characteristic of climate change, but not the only one, so the distinction between both concept is important. Climate change includes changes in the evolution of rain patterns or extreme weathering phenomena, changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulations, or even Located atmospheric cooling. Causes of global warming Something that have in common climate change and global warming is their origin, the accumulation of Greenhouse gases. Although we continue studying the details, the scientific community keeps a general consensus in regards to the triggers of this phenomenon. The industrial era has seen a rapid increase in atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide and other gases greenhouse effect like methane. Under normal conditions, part of the solar energy that our planet reaches is reflected back to space. These gases favor the retention of an important portion of this energy. This generates an imbalance that causes the Earth’s atmosphere to accumulate energy in the form of heat, thus causing the so -called global warming and thus unleashing changes in the climate that go beyond the simple increase in temperature. How global warming affects us We have been studying the consequences of this accumulation for decades in the atmosphere and the possible impacts planned in two dimensions: its severity and the certainty we have about its appearance. The increase in temperatures has direct consequences. More heatFor example, It implies health riskssuch as heat blows or cardiovascular problems, but also implies a greater energy expenditure when it comes to refreshing households, workplaces or vehicles. Also can affect agricultureto the Habitats of many animals and implies greater evaporation of water which increases the risk of drought. Not all impacts in the planet’s heating are negative: in some areas, an increase in temperatures can have positive effects for agriculture or for the health of those who inhabit these areas. The problem is that it does not seem that these advantages will compensate for the negative impacts we expect. Periodic reports of the Intergovernmental Panel against Climate Change of the UN (IPCC), dedicate part of their attention to the impact evaluation, taking into account the aforementioned dimensions: severity of the impact and the degree of certainty that we have regarding these impacts. The last iteration of this report, the sixth evaluation report, was published in 2022. How can we reduce global warming Strategies to dodge the impacts of global warming (and climate change in general) are divided into two groups: adaptation strategies and mitigation strategies. Those that lead us to reduce warming in itself are what we call mitigation. Mitigation strategies seek accelerating speed with which these gases are extracted from the atmosphere. For now the efforts to stop this increase in concentrations have served little, but at least we have managed to reduce the rhythm at which concentrations increase, According to the latest IPCC report. How can we adapt to heating The strategies that are based on assuming that a certain degree of heating is, at least, very likely so We must adapt To this they are classified, as its name suggests, as adaptation strategies. Although we left today of emitting greenhouse gases, the concentrations of this would take years to reduce to a “pre -industrial” level, so a certain degree of heating is inevitable. Adaptation strategies are varied and depend on the different impacts that climate change can imply. We know, for example, that the increase in temperatures puts cities at greater risk due to heat island effectso that adapting the architecture, the green spaces or the urban framework of these are possible strategies with which to face the change. Another example is in Adapt the coastal lines at a somewhat higher sea level, also in introducing new mechanisms to reduce the risk of floods in … Read more

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