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The director of ‘The substance’ debuted 30 years ago with a homemade tribute to Star Wars that you can now see for free

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It is one of the most surprising films of the year: ‘The substance‘(What can you see In Filmin and Movistar Plus+) It is a history of neocárnico horror that satirizes the obsession of society to supervise the body of women. With absolutely star Demi Moore and Margaret Qualley and a display of absolutely demential effects, the film It is also a tribute to many forms and styles of horror cinemafrom the toxic avenger films to ‘Videodome’. That is, its director Coraline Fargeat is a devouring of all kinds of films. In fact, he already demonstrated it three decades ago and with only 17 years. Herself Account to Letterboxd I “did A small Star Wars movie. Using my family’s camcorder, I encouraged my toys in Stop Motion, I dressed my friends from Ewoks and Stormtroopers, and edited it in a VHS video (which was the fashionable device at that time!) “. The rudimentary images and the zero budget are apologized by Fargeat himself: “It was a fond thing, but Everything I liked to make movies was already there… It was the place where I felt free, passionate and alive, and capable of expressing myself fully. It was after making this little movie when I knew I wanted to be a director … today that I am nominated for best director, I can’t help remembering this little movie … Follow your dreams. “ The truth is that the result is absolutely adorable, and the shameless campaign at ease: infrahuman costumes, direct ripeo of plans and complete dialogues of the original film, sectional script twists … and of course, an absolute devotion for the act to create stories, even if they are second -hand. To do this, Fargeat puts the hands of the licensed toys that he had on hand and the soundtrack of John Williams, of course used without permission, as well as the portal of a building, shot as if they were the interiors of an imperial base. And, of course, a final Ewok party that lengthens more than reasonable. Now that Fargeat is a prestigious director and Oscar nominated What would she do if a new installment of ‘Star Wars’ fell into their handsa possibility not as far from reality as a few years ago. Surely we would see much more canteen, much more alien with tentacles and confrontations with infinitely more visceral imperial assault troops. It seems impossible for Disney to put a family franchise as ‘Star Wars’ in the hands of such a radical director, but for that Oscar win, right? Header | Letterboxd In Xataka | ‘Star Wars’: Where and what order to watch all the films of the saga

Smell mummies 5,000 years ago

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Why are roses red? What is the meaning of life? Is the potato tortilla better with or without onion? What does an Egyptian mummy smell of 5,000 years ago? The answer to some of them is not clear (The tortilla with onion, of course), but if Your particular Roman Empire It is thinking about the aroma of rot and mortuary processes of ancient Egypt, you should know that you are not alone. In fact, a group of researchers has been smelling mummies for months. Now they want anyone to do it. Eau de Mummy. “We were surprised how pleasant his smell was,” commented Cecilia Bembibre a few days ago to BBC Radio 4, just at the same time that a study of the University College of London in which They analyzed The reasons after the interest in knowing how the mummies smelled. And it is curious, especially when it comes to a body that has been macrating thousands of years in a sarcophagus and that both cinema and literature (and a little common sense) have encouraged us to never smell a mummy if we had the opportunity . But, if we stop to think about it, it is not so far -fetched that a mummy smells “good.” In the end, the mummification process was carried out to preserve the body and soul in order to enter the other life, so not only the deceased was accompanied by its trousseau, but the body was treated with oils and balms. “Sweet” Ok, surely you think they simply opened sarcophagi and bring their nose closer. It would be little hygienic, as little, but no. The researchers of both the UCL and the University of Liubliana of Slovenia inserted a tiny tube to measure the gases. In this way, they get the method not to be invasive when you do not need to take samples. The device can be seen in the image that we leave below: Separating odors. It is always difficult to describe odors, but researchers comment that, although they are intense, they can say that they have touches of wood, spices and that the background is something sweet. Wow, quite the opposite of what we could imagine. They also noticed odors related to the decomposition of animal fat used during the embalming processwhich tells them that the body would be beginning to deteriorate. This olfactory analysis was not like that of a wine taster, but through a process in which, through gas chromatography, they separated the different odors captured inside the sarcophagus. Subsequently, a program analyzes them, compares with markers of other odors, combine and is how the aromas are formed. The data of the nine mummies were compared to see which markers coincided with family odors It makes sense. All this has a double purpose. On the one hand, “intervene practically” in the conservation of mummies. Knowing what aromas and substances were used at the time they embalmed it, researchers have a new way of storing them and wrapping the bodies in a much closer way to the original. Also of knowing the age of the mummy more accurately, since the techniques and oils evolved over time. On the other, the nose is powerful: smells transport us to other times and places without moving from the site. It is something that creates a strong emotional reaction and Ally Louks, supervisor of English literature at the University of Cambridge, told BBC that it is an “innovative” way to communicate history. Also, like Comment Ali Abdelhalim, co -author of the study and director of the Egyptian Museum of Cairo, the smells were key to society during the mummification process, since the pleasant ones associated with the deities and the “dirty” to body corruption and decline. Sensory experience. In fact, from the research team it was affirmed that it can be “an approach of great interest to museum collections.” That is, if you visit a museum with a collection of ancient Egypt that exposes a mummy, you could live a more complete sensory experience if, in addition to observing it, you could taste the aroma that would be lived during the embalming process. When separating odors and recombing them through these chromatography techniques, substances that smell similarly to permeate the room in which the mummy is exposed can be generated. Therefore, these discoveries have a double purpose: to approach that point in our history and, above all, allow the past to be better. Images | ACS, Abdelrazek Elnaggar In Xataka | Ancient Egypt had something more impressive than its pyramids: a colossal death industry

After a delay of seven years, Saudi Arabia takes up the works of the highest skyscraper in the world. Let’s see what lasts

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Saudi Arabia has become the Madrid of the ‘galacticos’, the Barcelona of the ‘Tiki-Taka’. When we talk about megaconstructions, the country plays in another league, a capable of shadowing the Almighty Manhattan. And it is evident when we see all those projects that have as hands like the imposing MUKAABthe huge Abraj al Bait tower watch or the ‘Boss’ end of urbanism: The Line. Another project is Jeddah Tower that, like The Line, It has been choking More than once to builders. But, after two threats to return to the work, now the final one has arrived: they have restarted the works of what will be the highest building in the world. Kingdom Tower. The Jeddah Tower, or Kingdom Tower, has an objective between eyebrow and eyebrow: make the Burj Khalifa 828 meters high. To do this, the same team of architects that built the Dubai skyscrapers is being in charge of this tower, which will be the jewel of the crown of the crown of the Vision 2030 Project and the heart of a new city that will rise around it. The construction began more than a decade ago, but although they advanced at a good pace, the planning was too optimistic. It was said that it would have been completed in 2018, but by then, the tower was not even close to completing. The reason? Delays due to labor problems and COVID-19 Pandemiabut above all to the purge of corruption of 2017. The purge. In 2018, the heir prince Mohammed Bin Salman created an anti -corruption committee with an objective: centralize political power. He had tired that different elites of the country handled the threads, so he created a system that ended with more than 380 arrests of entrepreneurs, ministers, princes and even members of his family, as his own mother. HE speak of death groups to murder dissidents and, in this purge to stop political corruption, extortion to officials and money laundering, foundations and first floors of the Jeddah Tower suffered the consequences, being frozen. Initial plans with the intention of release the tower in 2018 and a height comparison To the third is the defeated. At the end of 2023, the promoter invited local contractors to see which candidacy conquered him for the end of the work and, in October last year, a video made it clear that They moved on. The problem is that everything was very in the air … until now, when the company Kingdom Holding Companythe one behind the project has announced that construction has restarted. In it release before the press, They affirmed that they had already poured cement on the 64th floor and that they are using a cement application technique with which they can complete a floor every four days. 1,000 meters, more or less. It will have about 160 floors and we cannot speak with ownership of the matter because, really, it is not clear. It is curious that it is not known from the beginning how many floors the tower will have or how much it will measure, and in the last releaseThey explain that it will measure more than 1,000 meters high, but that it is something that will take place in the future. To every train. What seems invariable is that it will be a luxurious tower that will act as an epicenter of a new city. The skyscraper will house shops, offices, recreational spaces and hotels, such as Four Seasons. He also aspires to have the highest viewpoint in the world and is expected to be a structure covered with glass, such as an extremely elongated pyramid and with a base of three edges. It will be in an area of ​​5.3 million m² in which there will be hospitals, schools, universities, shopping centers and housing, as well as other high towers and, from the government, it has been confessed that they are open to any type of investment to develop The ambitious project. Investment? Welcome. They affirm that the financing has almost been completed, with the builders -binladin Group- financing the first part, the banks putting their grain of sand and other sources of capital that has preferred not to reveal (stating that it is something that they will do step by step). What has made it clear is that Binladin Group is “strongly supported by the government” and that they are open to any type of investment because it is a tower that will make the land around you increase their value. And not only the immediate, like that land of 5.3 million m², but the entire region. This is what they want to ride around them They have work ahead It is estimated that the Jeddah tower is completed by 2028 as part of Vision 2030 to diversify the economy of the country, but as this does not stop, they are already thinking about its following tower: one that will humiliate Jeddah with a height of two kilometers in Riadnear the imposing Rey Khalid International Airport. Images | Omarnizar05, Google Earth, Jeddah Tower In Xataka | Saudi Arabia is waste so much money in The Line that has entered deficit

For 15 years a strange circle under an island in Japan was an enigma. The author’s identity was a surprise

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If we go to the dictionary to be exact with the term, the verb “courtej” accompanies the following definition: try to get the love or favors of someone flattering him and looking for his company. Therefore, the finding that took place several decades ago was so surprising. Normally, when we talk about courting WE THINK HUMAN KEY. However, in the animal kingdom they exceed everything seen in our species when it comes to claim the attention of the other. The enigma of the circles. In 1995, a group of divers who were exploring the waters near Amami ōshima, Japan, Japan, They discovered strange circular formations In the seabed. It was surprising, since those structures were symmetric, with radial spikes and valleys, and with such a prominent geometric perfection that it aroused all kinds of speculation about their origin: were they facing a human creation, or was it due to some kind of unknown natural phenomenon , or maybe an unusual organism? The years passed, and it was not until 2011 that A team of scientists managed to solve the mystery. Not just that. They managed to “catch” the suspect repeating the lavish scene. To the surprise of the researchers, the protagonist was A tiny torquigener albomaculosusa small kind of balloon fish that, with a size of just 12 centimeters, seemed to be able to sculpt structures 16 times larger than their own body with a very specific purpose: seduce a couple for reproduction. The art of courtship under the sea. The year of the finding, the scientists recorded the process of creating these circles in the seabed, observing up to 10 reproductive events in two study areas. Each structure took between seven and nine days to complete and required extreme precision. The male balloon fish used its pectoral, anal and flows fins to dig and model the sand in a perfect radial pattern, alternating between rapid and strategic pauses movements To give texture to the formations. In addition, he decorated the peaks of his work with decorative elements such as shells and coral fragments, while the center of the circle was completely clear as we see in the images. Only when these final details were ready, The females began to approach to evaluate the design of the “artist”. The mating ritual. At this point, when a female was interested in the structure, The male stirred the fine sand of the center to attract his attention. If she decided to enter the circle, the male withdrew momentarily before swimming quickly towards her in a repetitive courtship dance. If the female was impressed, she put her eggs in the center of the circlemaking it a temporary nest. If that was already fascinating, shortly after it was revealed that the impressive structures were never reused, they were of only one use. After reproduction, males leave their creation and begin a new one from scratch, since the process of sculpting the circle consumes most of the finest and most adequate sand for reproduction. This apotheosic nest construction ritual, documented years later In the Big Pacific series of BBC Earth/PBS and narrated by Sir David AttenboroughHe has amazed biologists and spectators since then. Ephemeral art. No doubt, the complex work of the balloon fish is One of the most fascinating exhibitions of the animal kingdomcomparable to the elaborate dances of mating of birds or the constructions of some mammals. However, what makes these structures unique is that these are true underwater works of art, carefully designed and molded with geometric precision. In addition, its discovery also offered a new perspective on the evolution of courtship in vertebrates. Although humans tend to think about art and architecture as exclusively ours capacities, these seabl , all that, and surely something else, in the extraordinary work of a tiny creature. Image | H KAWASE et al (2017) FISHES, CC by 4.0 In Xataka | What science tells us about when a romantic relationship will be a success or complete failure In Xataka | We have lost track of one of the few mammals that put eggs. Now we have rediscovered it

My concentration ability takes a long time. Working in a laptop almost 15 years ago has saved me

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Our care economy is broken. Completely. We are continuously bombarded by stimuli that come by many ways and the consequence is clear: We distracted ourselves with the flight of a fly. It is curious how this is causing a change not only in us, that we look for methods not to distract us, but in elements such as an entertainment industry that has changed its way of capturing our attention. There are two very clear examples of this. Music is one more or less obvious, with increasingly short songs (just a couple of minutes) and, some, with the chorus as the beginning of the theme. In addition, these choruses are also short to fit in the 15 seconds that you can share in an Instagram story. Another example is that of films, with trailers of a couple of minutes that begin with a trailer trailer itself. Here are an example of ‘TOP GUN MAVERICK‘, whose trailer starts with a five -second teaser with images that we will see below: Many more films make this, being a marketing resource that begs us to Let’s pay attention For two minutes. They seem to beg a “Please, pay attention to me, cool things come”. Due to that constant information bombardment, We seek to be productive when we are hyperstimulated And we read books, we learn from successful people, we put into practice supposedly infallible methods, we download applications and, sometimes, we spend more time looking for how to be productive That, really, being. I have to say that I have found a secret to Improve my productivity: Working on a computer that prevents me from opening more than three tabs at the same time. And – at least to me – it works. A hardware barrier If you are reading this it is because you have looked for ways to be more productive and not distract you. I have done it and I have installed everything on my computer, I have configured Ways not to bother the phone And even issues that restrict apps during work hours, but the meat is weak and the finger always tends to go open Bluesky or worse Instagram and Tiktok. One day it occurred to me that, if the software did not limit me, perhaps the hardware would. I went to the closet and took out of the box (I am one of those who keep the boxes of what he buys) My university laptop: a 2011 MacBook Pro. 16 GB of RAM A double -core i5 at a few 2.4 GHz and 13 inches of screen. Years ago I replaced his hard drive with a SSD and I was surprised to light after so many years. What did not work was the charger (nothing that does not solve Amazon and some 20 euros), so I configured it and came across the first problem: I was very outdated. Not only could he not update to a new operating system, but browsers such as Edge, Chrome or your own Safari They were insuffically slow. Nor could I install some applications that I use on a day -to -day basis, such as Notion, because they require a more recent version of the system, so I did with a Firefox Legacy and configured it so that Notion Be the default opening page. You will be wondering why I tell you this, and there I go: when I changed this laptop for a more recent one in 2017, something was already slow and having more than 4-5 tabs in a browser was unfeasible. Despite the 16 GB of RAM, the processor could not with so much without making the fan a turbine, without heating the chassis and without making the system on pull. Precisely, the reason that forced me to make the leap to Infame Macbook Pro with butterfly keyboardIt is the one that made me come back because I wanted, precisely, that. I explain: when I work on a website like Xataka, I do it with a lot of open eyelashes to search for sources. I have Telegram installed, YouTube Music, an image editor and Many times I open, almost by inertia, some social network Or youtube if I don’t feel inspired. With issues such as news or reports, having that overestimulation does not bother me because I know it is something that will take me for a while and then I will happen to something else, but the thing changes when I have an analysis or an opinion article. Does the screen divided there? Neither joke For this type of texts, the concentration is key. You have to turn your thoughts and structure them in a certain way. You cannot afford to get distracted because you lose your thread, and those distractions do not exist with a laptop from almost 15 years ago. If I have more than three tabs open at the same time, the Mac goes to the idle, so I only have notion, Perplexity (precisely to look for something and have many options in a single tab instead of many sources in many tabs) and YouTube Music. Web Telegram It is not an option, for example, and as soon as I have four tabs, the processor is already asking for rest. That with four Firefox tabs That technological barrier, almost physicalnot only does it exist because of how the Mac would go if I open more eyelashes: the screen also plays a paper. 13 inches are not bad and many current laptops have that diagonal, but here the resolution is 1280 x 800 pixels. Translation: scarce, much, so much that putting a game is not an option. Not having a high resolution, putting a split screen is unfeasible, which forces me to have a single screen I am writing, preventing you from having an eye in my text and another in a YouTube video, for example. As I said, it works for me and it is something that I have incorporated into my work routine. … Read more

This strategic and tiny island has been disputed for 200 years. And the US and Canada still are not clear to whom it belongs to

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The recent one Donald Trump’s insistence on Annexar Canada as the 51st state He has given for reflections in the American political sphere. While the idea does not seem taken seriously in Washington and the Canadian government has made it clear that it has no interest in joining the United States, The New York Times performed an electoral code analysis of such a scenario revealing an unexpected consequence: the incorporation of Canada would guarantee a political advantage for the Democratic Party in future elections. Be that as it may, the only certain thing in this whole story is the eternal dispute over an islet between both nations. An island and its importance. WE TALK ABOUT MACHIAS SEAL ISLANDa small islet of 18 hectares located at the point of confluence between the Bay of Fundy and the Gulf of Maine, which represents the last territorial dispute between Canada and the United States. Although its rock size and geography are little or rather liable, its strategic value and the wealth of its waters They have maintained the latent conflict for more than two centuries. A lighthouse as a symbol of sovereignty. The history of the dispute goes back to the war of 1812when both the United States and Great Britain claimed the island and its surrounding waters due to their location on an important navigation route. In 1832, Great Britain built a lighthouse on the island To consolidate its control, and since then, Canada has maintained a permanent presence in the place through Farros that, in addition to its maritime signaling work, act as symbolic guardians of Canadian sovereignty. In this regard, Russell and Anthony Ross, Farros brothers, turn every 28 days to keep the lighthouse in operation. Isolated on the island, their work goes beyond surveillance: they receive visitors who arrive in summer and, in winter, they support the extreme climate of the Atlantic without the possibility of returning to the continent until its allocation ends. For them, the island is more than a territory in dispute: it is their temporary home and a symbol of a tradition that few still keep alive. Frailecillos on the island A sanctuary for wildlife. Despite its uncertain geopolitical status, Machias Seal Island is recognized as a sanctuary of sea birds. The reason? Thousands of Atlantic Frailecillos, Common Mergles, Arctic Charranes and Common Alcas nest there every summer, making it a reference point for scientists and bird observers. In fact, the Canadian Wild Life Service protects access to the island, allowing only the arrival of two daily tourist boats, One from Maine and Another from New Brunswickwith a limited quota of visitors. Scientists like Tony Diamonddirector of Atlantic Laboratory for Avian Research, have studied these colonies since 1995, highlighting the importance of the island’s ecosystem as a thermometer of the state of the ocean. Tourism under surveillance. To avoid major evils, the experience of tourists is rigorously controlled. So much so, that to avoid damage to nests, They must remain in wood cattleway and use small observation structures camouflaged in the landscape. Although getting to the island is not easy, most of Visitors consider the effort to be worth itsince it is one of the few places where you can see these frailecillos in their natural environment without disturbances. The dispute: Waters of the gray zone. Beyond the small islet, the true conflict between Canada and the United States is not on earth, but rather in the sea. The waters around Machias Seal Island They are known as the “Gray Zone”an area of ​​approximately 700 square kilometers where both countries claim fishing rights. Moreover, in the last decades, The growing lobster demand has turned the area into a crucial economic resource. The price of crustacean has tripled, reaching values ​​of up to 4 Canadian dollars for 400 grams, which has promoted the prosperity of fishing communities Like Grand Manan, in Canada. Live in the conflict. For many fishermen, The gray zone represents a constant income opportunityand although there are no formal agreements, they have developed a coexistence system based on mutual respect. Of course, not everything is harmony. As the lobster demand has continued to increase, The pressure on marine resources is increasing. Sector veterans warn that The overfishing could exhaust the lobster populationfollowing the same collapse pattern that affected the herring industry, background fish and scallops in the past. Uncertain future. Be that as it may, and despite the territorial dispute, so far Canada and the United States have avoided an open conflict about Machias Seal Island and the gray areamaintaining that fragile balance between the symbolic presence of Canada on the island and the joint fishing exploitation in its waters. Yet, The recent political and commercial tensions between the two countries They have generated uncertainty about the future of this enclave. In that sense, Trump’s latest statements have not helped. The inhabitants of the island, whether beareros, scientists or fishermen, continue with their lives at the same time that international policy follows its course. While the frailecillos continue to nest in the cliffs and lobster ships they slaughter in the gray area, the islet is maintained as a tiny point on the map, although not any one: one with a geopolitical, economic and ecological influence much larger than its size suggests. .Imagen | Melissa McMasters, Melissa McMasters In Xataka | The longest dispute is a 500 -year -old mystery. Spain still knows if tiny lands belong to Tenerife In Xataka | China has been claiming as its islands from Japan 130 years. So he has made a decision: surround them with buoys

We have been growing lettuce in space for years. Now we have discovered that they are more likely to get sick

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Bad news for astronauts who usually eat healthy. That is, for all astronauts. The crew members ago of the International Space Station consume the vegetables that they themselves cultivate in microgravity: lettuce, peppers, radishes. Some spicy Chile. More recently, vegetables have joined the autoconsumo astronauts of the Chinese Space Stationwhich already has lettuce, cherry tomatoes and chivesalthough it does not carry so much in orbit. The problem is that space salads They are not as safe for consumption as we thought. A team of researchers from the University of Delaware has discovered that lettuce and others Microgravity cultivated vegetables They are more Pollution prone by bacteria such as Salmonella. The study, funded by NASA, shows that under conditions of microgravity, plants tend to open their stomata (the small pores of their leaves and stems) instead of closing them to prevent the invasion of pathogens. To reach this conclusion, the team created a simulated microgravity atmosphere in the laboratory with a device called clinostat, which rotates plants as a chicken in an grill. The results showed that, under these conditions, the salmonella more easily infects the tissue of the leaves. Friendly bacteria also lose their protective effect The researchers explored the use of a friendly bacterium, B. Subtilis, as a solution to the problem. However, bacteria, which on earth helps plants fight pathogens, He failed to protect them in it Simulated microgravity environmentwhich suggests that space changes significantly the interaction between plants and microbes. The finding is important. Not only because he doubts that the salads of the International Space Station are totally safe, but also because it helps to understand the challenges of agriculture in future space colonies. With population growth on earth and the loss of agricultural land, space is an increasingly realistic option for food cultivation. But if they want Avoid an outbreak of salmonellosisthe future farmers of space be worth the future farmers to wash their hands well with soap and water. Image | NASA/Cory Huston In Xataka | The space dream was to spend billions of euros to go to Mars to end eating crickets In Xataka | The food knows very different in space. The reason is more intriguing than it seems: confinement *An earlier version of this article was published in February 2024

Spain lives a brutal birth crisis. And that is causing mothers above 40 years to grow more than ever

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In Spain they are born every time Less children. And increasingly. The balance That the INE has just published with the first global photography of birth and mortality in Spain throughout 2024 leaves some surprises but above all confirm the trends that have been marking the demography of the country for years. And one of the clearest is the gradual delay of motherhood: more and more women have children turned 40 or even with 50. And there is a fact that clearly reflects it: 10.4%. A (small) joy. They are still provisional data, so the photo that leaves The last report of the INE could vary over the coming months. However, waiting for the definitive balance, Spain seems to have closed 2024 with a (small) demographic joy. His birthday has rebounded. In a shy and that has not served to compensate for the number of deaths and thus avoid a vegetative balance in Red numbersbut at least allows you to cut the negative trend of the last decade. A percentage: 0.4%. That is the birth increase registered by the INE in 2024: 0.4%which translates into 1,378 births rather than in 2023. Throughout the last year they came to the world in Spain 322,034 babies, almost 1,400 more than during the previous 12 months. The data leaves a positive reading and another that is not so much, depending on how much we amounts to the temporal focus when analyzing it. The first is that it represents the first birth rise since 2014, when the balance touched the 427,600 babies. However, despite that climb, the Spanish demographic engine does not have today Nothing to do With the years of the Baby Boomthere for 50, 60 and mid -70s, when they were born in the country between 650,000 and 660,000 babies a year. The INE reflects for example that in 1975 they were noted almost 669,400so since then the collapse has been 52%. And a figure: 33,570. The balance of the INE helps to understand another of the key factors of Spanish demography: maternity. And when analyzing one of Trends clearer is its progressive delay. More and more Spanish have children with 40 or more years, to the point that in 2024 that profile was behind 33,570 births. What does that mean? That one out of ten Babies born in Spain (10.4%) already do it from women who exceed thirty. In 2014 that percentage was significantly lower, of 7.2%. Year Births of women 40 or more years Middle Ages to Maternity 2000 10,163 30.72 2004 15.017 30.87 2008 22,026 30.83 2012 28,289 31.56 2016 34,452 32.0 2020 34,858 32.3 2024 33,570 32.6 (data of 2023) Looking back. In 2014 the INE scored 30,946 births of women of 40 or more years, so that the increase has been 8.5% in a decade. During the same period the number of babies born of mothers under 25 years fell 21.9% and the births of women between 25 and 39, the one with the greatest weight, retreated 27.9%. If you look further back the trend is even clearer. In 2000 the INE counted in Spain 397,632 birthsof which 10,163 were related to women who had already arrived or exceeded quarantine. That is, at that time its weight was only 2.5% of the total and the number of lighting has shot 230% since then. In 2004, women of 40 or more years starred 15,017 birthswith what your number has doubled. The other indicator: Middle Ages. There is another clue that helps to understand how they are quickly changing motherhood in Spain: its Middle Agesan indicator that has practically not stopped growing over the last decades. If in 1976 it was located in 28.51in 2000 it was already 30.72, in 2010 it climbed at 31.2 and in 2023 it was 32.6 years. That is, the average has increased more than four years since the 70s. In the EU, a gradual increase of the age at which women have their first offspring. What are the causes? The big question. The increase in what the INE calls “Middle Ages to Maternity” And the number of women who give birth to the 40 years coincides with other phenomena that directly affect women, as the Professor of Human Geography Rafael Puyol recently pointed out in An article dedicated to the Spanish demographic crisis. The expert specified in particular the educational revolution and the incorporation and women into the labor market, in addition to cultural changes and the family model. Images | Jessica Pankratz (Flickr) and INE In Xataka | Spain has turned paternity into a poverty risk factor: raising a child costs 758 euros per month

Some microbiologists have taken 10 years to solve a problem. The AI ​​has solved it in two days

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Professor José R. Penadés and his Imperial College team in London had been working on a way of demonstrating how certain superbacteria are immune to antibiotics. After all that time they had finally achieved a conclusion in this regard. They recently dedicated to give AI a chance to solve the same problem. They got a surprise. Ten years they, 48 hours the AI. The scientists used a new Google AI tool called co-scientist to provide a brief prompt asking him about the essential problem they had been investigating for ten years. The AI ​​reached the same conclusion as them, but it took only 48 hours to reach it. And the AI ​​did not know the response in advance. One of the important details here is that AI could not have found out the solution looking for it on the Internet. Penadés and her team had not published the study, so Co-Scientist could not find the answer because it was not public domain. “I need to digest it”. The Penadés Professor He indicated in BBC How he learned that AI had reached the same conclusion in just two days. “I was shopping with someone, and I said,” Please leave me only one hour, I need to digest this. ” no. I could have saved years. Even considering the AI ​​solution as a hypothesis when they started working on the problem, having it would have saved years of work, Penadés explained. But it was the AI ​​went further. In fact, Google tool had done more than replicating its research. “It was not only that the hypothesis he provided was correct. He provided another four, and all of them made sense. And in one of the cases, he never occurred to us, and now we are working on it.” A for superbacteria. The study tried to reveal how some superbacteria are created that are resistant to antibiotics. The hypothesis proposed that superbacterial can form a tail from different viruses, and that allows them to spread between species. It is as if they had the “keys” to move from one place to another and “enter” different guests. That is the same hypothesis that Co-Scientist arrived in 48 hours. “This will change science”. For the Penadés professor “this will change science, sure.” Tools like this, says, “give the opportunity to play a great game. I feel as if I was finally playing a Champions League match with this.” And there I don’t know the thing: Evo 2 arrives. This discovery binds to launch these days of Evo 2the most large biology -oriented model so far. A group of researchers from the universities of Berkeley, Stanford, the ARC Institute, the UCSF and NVIDIA have trained an AI model with 9.3 billion nucleotides (from which DNA chains are created) from 128,000 Complete genomes. Thanks to this model it is possible to precisely predict all types of genetic mutations. Image | Wikimedia In Xataka | Some engineers have simulated 500 million years of evolution with an AI. Now we have a fluorescent protein

Reviewing data almost 30 years ago, scientists believe they have identified a new ocean in one of Jupiter’s moons

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On September 21, 2003 the Galileo probe He was immolated in Jupiter’s dense atmosphere, the planet he had been investigating for almost a decade. 30 years after the arrival of the probe to the Jovian orbit and more than 20 years after the end of its mission, the NASA probe continues to offer us new information thanks to the old data that it sent us in its day. A new oceanic world. The study in question has indicated that Calisto is “most likely” an ocean world, a rocky body covered by a layer of water at least in a liquid. The key to the new study has been in a more exhaustive use of the data provided by the Galileo mission, including all its magnetic measurements. Callisto Callisto It is the satellite farther from your planet of Among the so -called four Galilean moons of Jupiter. It is also the second largest moon of Jupiter, with a simular size to that of mercury but with a remarkably smaller mass. One of the most striking details is its surface full of craters which gives Callisto an appearance “similar to a golf ball” The suspicion that this satellite hid an ocean inside It is not newbut the intensity of his ionosphere had been a limit to our ability to study the interior of the Jovian moon from a distance. The reason is that researchers They believed That the satellite ionosphere, an electrically and located conductive region located in the highest layers of Calisto’s atmosphere, could be “imitating” the magnetic footprint that would emit a hypothetical salt and conductive water ocean. That is, astronomers could not know if the magnetism detected proceeded from outside or inside the moon. A new look. New data and analysis tools have allowed to solve this issue. The team responsible for the new study incorporated the set of measurements Magnetic available from the eight occasions in which the Galileo probe survived Callisto. Combining methods. The team combined the analysis of the data obtained by Galileo with a model that simulated Calisto’s ionosphere. They compared the results of the observations with what the suggested in the theoretical model. From the results obtained, the team responsible for the study concludes that the satellite ionosphere cannot by itself explain the magnetism detected, but that the existence of a salt water ocean under the surface of the moon could contribute to the observations. The results therefore suggest the existence of such an ocean. The details of the analysis and its results have been published In an article In the magazine AG ADVANCES. The oceanic worlds of our solar system. Calisto is just one more in The list of candidates To oceanic worlds in our solar system, a list that includes different bodies in which we believe, with greater or lesser degree of certainty, that there are oceans. This list includes other moons such as Europe, Ganymedes, Lord it, Triton, and also a dwarf planet: Pluto. These planets are of great interest to astrobiology since they are the main candidates to house life or the appropriate conditions for the emergence of this in our space neighborhood. That is why a whole new generation of probes is focused on The study of this type of environments. The list includes NASA’s Europe Clipper Mission, and Juice (JUPITER ICY MOONS EXPLORER) of the European Space Agency. The first will be focused on analyzing in depth the moon Europe while the European mission will travel to several of these frozen worlds to collect information about what their layers of ice hide. To these missions, China Tianwen-4 could be added, whose observations could also give us important data about Calisto and his hidden ocean. In Xataka | Juno has just given us an image we had never seen: lava rivers in a Jupiter satellite Image | NASA/JPL/DLR

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