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All solar panel technologies that exist and which are more efficient, in a graph that goes 1975 until today

March 29, 2025 by usatoday24

The fastest energy transition in history is not the industrial revolution, as many think, but the one that is happening now With renewable energies. Renewables are being installed at a rate five times greater than all other combined energy sources. And although the great habilitator is the worldwide commitment to zero net emissions, it is the brutal evolution of solar panels that has allowed to reach this point. Photovoltaic panels have been so much that solar energy Start leaving wind energytraditionally more efficient. Throughout the last decades, solar cells have experienced a radical transformation, driven both by advances in material engineering and in innovations in manufacturing techniques; mainly from the Chinese industry, although Japan is trying to lead The next generation. The National Renewable Energies Laboratory (NREL) has Published a graph that illustrates at a glance How each photovoltaic technology has advanced since the 70s and which cells are more efficient today. Traditional cells: crystalline silicon Crystalline silicon cells The crystalline solar cells of silicon (blue in the graph) have dominating the market for several decades. The polyristaline silicon (the one used in solar panels with bluish crystals) is cheaper, but monochronic silicon (with black crystals) is the current standard of the industry thanks to continuous improvements in purification and production processes, which have approached their efficiency to an ability to convert 27.6% of sunlight into energy. Thin film technologies (green in the graph) emerged as an alternative to the crystalline silicon for facilities that require greater flexibility, lower weight or a large -scale manufacturing. The most efficient thin film cells are currently those of copper, Indian, Gallic and Selenium (CIGS) with an efficiency of 23.6%, closely followed by those of cadmium teluro (CDTE). The emerging: organic and perovskitas Emerging technologies cells Red in the graph, they are the photovoltaic cells that have tried to remove the throne from the silicon. Organic cells and coloring sensitized cells (DSSC) use organic compounds to absorb light. Its efficiency is modest (around 19%), but they have the advantage of their low cost and the possibility of integrating them into flexible devices and buildings with varied colors. One of the most revolutionary innovations in recent years has been the development of Perovskita cells (red with yellow filling in the graph). Thanks to its crystalline structure inspired by the mineral of the same name, these cells have been achieving exponential increases in efficiency in a short time, even if they were invented in Japan in the 80s. Perovskita cells are already as efficient as silicon, with an efficiency of 27%, but they have the problem of degrading much earlier. The tandem, the best of both worlds Tandem two materials cells The photovoltaic cells that make up silicon and perovskita in tandem are the most promising for generalized use today. The secret of combining both materials is that the upper perovskita layer absorbs high -energy wavelengths and the lower silicon layer captures the rest of the spectrum. With an efficiency of 36.1%, Tandem cells (brown in the graph) have left behind the theoretical limit of traditional silicon cells (33.7%). Although in the laboratories we still try to look for alternatives to the silicon, which is a more expensive material and with a supply chain controlled by China. All photovoltaic cells and their evolution By the latter, triple or more layers (multijunction) unions are the cells that have reached the greatest efficiencies in laboratory conditions: up to 47.6%. Its cost is high and its production is complex, but these cells are useful in solar concentrators, where maximum performance is sought. Images | NREL

In 50 years of democracy, in Spain only a book has been prohibited, a controversial comic that would be illegal to publish today

March 25, 2025 by usatoday24

A court in Barcelona He has rejected suspend the publication of ‘Hate‘, The book on the murderer José Breton that Anagrama will publish and that has raised a great controversy for the contrast between the right to the dignity of the victims and the freedom of the press, which in democracy is almost sacred. “Almost”, because there is some exception. Specifically, the only case of a forbidden book in Spain in democracy is a comic, a satire of deep nihilism, and even disturbing today. Dozens of red lines. ‘Hitler = SS’, the work of the cartoonist Vuillemin and the Gourio screenwriter, is a milestone in editorial history in our country. It was originally edited by the wild French satirical magazine ‘Hara-Kiri‘(predecessor of’ Charlie Hebdo ‘) In 1987. It was a compilation of comics about Jewish extermination in the concentration camps: wild and impudent, the painfully feast trace of Vuillemin converted the comic into an extremely uncomfortable experience, and that did not prisoners. Nazis and Jews are portrayed with absolutely ruthless, Chabacano and looking for controversy. That is, completely punk and underground. Prohibited in France. The humorous and provocative content of the comic is clear with the warning with which it starts: “All similar to the six million people who never existed is merely casual.” From its same appearance in France, The distribution was kidnapped by order of the Minister of Interior. Several Jewish associations protested against the album, which suffered three judicial demands, of which he lost two. In 1989 the authors were sentenced to pay a Franco as a symbolic fine, but the reissue in France is prohibited. Prohibited in Spain. Here the comic was edited by the Makoki publishing house, name that to the fans of the Spanish underground comic It will be familiarand that he was in a new stage in the mid -1990s after his golden years. The plaintiffs were two Jewish associations, B’nai b’rith and Mauthausen Amicale: ‘Hitler = SS’ was accused of attacking the dignity of prisoners and attacking Judaism. In 1995, the Constitutional Court made the decision to prohibit it because it considers that its objective was to humiliate the Jews. The plates and the copies of the album were destroyed, the editor was sentenced to a month and a day of arrest and 100,000 pesetas of fine. The sentence. In Spain, the Constitutional affirmed In his sentence That “every vignette – word and drawing – is aggressive on its own, with a rough and rude message, in short, oblivious to good taste, even when it does not correspond to tertiary in this issue, which is brought here as an external sign of its offensive mood.” It was said that in the album “it beats a pejorative concept of an entire people, the Jew, for their ethnic features and beliefs. A racist attitude, contrary to the set of constitutionally protected values.” And above all, it was said that the comic was aimed at minors, which had to be protected from a publication that sought “deliberately and unscrupulously the vilipendium of the Jewish people, with contempt of their qualities to achieve dismembrance in the consideration of others, determining element of infamy or dishonor.” A outdated interpretation of a phenomenon, the comic for adults, which at that time has been operating in Spain. Kidnapped books. ‘Hitler = SS’ is a unique case being a forbidden comic, as we say a unique circumstance in democracy, since it would make a reissue of it criminally. But there have been cases of temporarily kidnapped books until the resolution of judicial processes, or definitive kidnappings but have not made the content of the book illegal, which could be reissued. These have been the cases: In 2018 a judge of Collado Villalba prohibited the impression and marketing of the book Fariña of Nacho Carretero. The cause: a demand from the former or Grove, José Alfredo Bea Gondar, for violation of honor. Was A precautionary measure Until the trial was held, which finally acquitted Carretero and what Volume sales were multiplied. Luque Historical Studies: In 1991, the City of Luque (Córdoba) published this book on the Civil War. An individual whose relative appeared in him as the author of a murder denounced the book. A court opened proceedings and confiscated the copies in circulation. Those years: In 1993, a judge from Murcia ordered the kidnapping of this book of former General Secretary of the Government Presidency, Julio Feo. The complaint came from María José Alemán, former part of the then mayor of Murcia, who was insulted by its content. What happened in Alcàsser?: The father of one of the dead girls in Alcàsser in 1992 never believed in the official resolution of the case. Published this book that included theories with films SNUFF and senior government positions. The book withdrew by demand from the mother of another girls, who considered that the right to privacy of her and her daughter had been violated. OT, the hidden face: In 2005 all the copies of this Wayne Jamison book about the talent show were kidnapped at the request of the Gestmusic producer. I also know how to play my mouth. Sabina in living flesh: The biography of 2006 of the musician, co-written by the Canretant and Javier Fernández Flores was suspended by a conflict for the ownership of the rights of this book, that the Random House-Mondadori publisher considered that they were his. Besides, there has been innumerable cases of magazines Withdrawal of kiosks by judicial processes or when censorship still was at the beginning of the transition. They are often removed by the publishing house itself to avoid precisely judicial procedures or image damage. This is what happened with ‘Thursday’ In 2007 with the famous cartoons of Guillermo and Fontdevila of the then heir to the crown and his wife: the authors were fined, but the publication was not redistributed after the preventive kidnapping by express desire of the editorial. In Xataka | The kidnapping of a book in the era … Read more

Today it is positioned as the capital of robotics

March 17, 2025 by usatoday24

Odense’s industrial identity was marked by his shipyards. For almost a century, their engineers built some of the most advanced container in the worldincluding the giants of the Mærsk E class, which at the time were the largest load ships ever built. But the Danish naval industry had been losing ground for years. Since the end of 1970, the sector suffered a gradual replication as naval construction moved to South Korea, Japan and China, where production costs were significantly lower. To contain the crisis, the Danish government promoted state subsidies, export credits and strategic orders, but the trend was unstoppable: between 1977 and 1985, the market share of European shipyards fell from 41 % to 18 %, while Asia’s went from 46 % to 70 %, with China emerging as a key actor. They are data that appear in ‘Transforming an industry in decline‘, an analysis of Thomas Roslyng Olesen about the fall of the Danish shipyards. Odense was not immune to this change. Until the end of the 2000s, Mærsk had built many of its ships in the Odense Steel Shipyard, but the growing competition of Asian shipyards led the company to rethink its strategy. How Taipei Times collectsin 2011 Maersk commissioned Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (DSME), in South Korea, the construction of its new Triple-E Class Porter. What could have been the industrial collapse of the city became a turning point. Denmark could not compete in Costs with Asia, but found an alternative in the technological niches of high added value. Instead of building ships, The local industry began to develop more innovative marine enginesSoftware for port automation and advanced thermal systems. Odense soon follow that path. His conversion did not occur from one day to another, nor was it the result of a perfectly executed master plan. It was, rather, an emergency response. Without shipyards or large naval contracts, the city had to look for an alternative. Public investment helped, universities put their part and the industrial ecosystem did what he could with the tools he had. Robotics and automation They seemed a promising way, a way to take advantage of technical knowledge inherited from the naval industry to build something new. Universal Robots offices in Odense But transforming a city is not easy. It is not enough to attract startups or put tax incentives. Talent must be generated, convince companies to bet on staying and, above all, demonstrate that there is a market willing to sustain everything in the long term. Odense, precisely, is in this phase. His old industrial heart is filled with companies that seek to make their way to robotics, such as Universal Robots and Mobile Industrial Robots (MIR)two of the most prominent firms that have been born in this ecosystem. Universal Robots has specialized in cobots, collaborative robots designed to work with humans in factories, without the need for safety barriers or complex programming. Unlike traditional industrial robots, which are usually confined in cells and operate with strength and speed for repetitive tasks, cobots are designed for Direct interaction with human operators. Do not confuse them with humanoid robots. Mir, meanwhile, has opted for autonomous mobile robots, machines capable of moving through warehouses and logistics centers transporting goods. A technological cluster in full boom The growth of companies such as Universal Robots has not happened in a vacuum. One of the keys to Odense’s transformation has been the development of A technological cluster specialized in roboticsthat today is one of the most dynamic in Europe. In every Denmark there are more than 300 companies dedicated to robotics and automation, and more than 160 are based in Odense. This ecosystem began to take shape between 1980 and 1990, when it began to be experimented with robotic technology in Odense’s shipyards, but its real consolidation came in the last two decades. Since 2015, the number of companies in the cluster had grown 50% In 2020, According to Odense Robotics Insight Report. In the center of this network is the University of Southern Denmark (SDU), which not only brings talent to companies in the sector, but also leads research in artificial automation and intelligence. If you ask local authorities, they have no doubts: Odense not only wants to be a reference in robotics, but to become the best city in the world for the development of robots. “Odense is already the world center of collaborative robots, but we dream of making Odense the best robotic city in the world,” They claim from the local government. It is not just a motto: it is a strategy that is already underway. One of the pillars of this plan is to develop a robotics campus, where startups, large companies and the University of Southern Denmark share research and ideas. This space should serve as an innovation core, facilitating direct contact between Emerging talent and consolidated companies. The goal is to reinforce the network that already exists between the cluster companies and make the city even more attractive to foreign investment. Odense is betting strong, but we still have to see if the play works The city has made a clear commitment: it wants robotics to be its new flagship industry. It has a well -defined strategy, investment in progress and a network of companies that is already working. But the most difficult part remains: to turn this ecosystem into a long -term sustainable model. Odense is not competing alone. Globally, robotics has become a technological career in which only a few actors can consolidate. China, with its ambition to lead world automation, is investing billions in cities such as Shenzhen and Hangzhouwhere industrial and large -scale service robots are developing, And where firms such as Unitree stand out, which seek to replicate the success that Xiaomi achieved in the mobile sector. Its domain in the manufacture of robots not only represents a technological threat to the United States, It is also generating a battle for hegemony in the robotics industry. Silicon Valley, meanwhile, remains one of … Read more

The first time a ship recorded an eclipse from the moon was in 1967. The second has been today

March 15, 2025 by usatoday24

The blood moon is a land of blood from the lunar surface. The early morning of March 14, the Lunar Blue Ghost landizer of Firefly Aerospace He registered a solar eclipse from his unique perspective on the moon. It is the first commercial ship that achieves it. And the second in general, from the NASA Surveyor 3 probe in April 1967. Eclipse lunar, solar eclipse. In a lunar eclipse, the earth stands between the sun and the moon, projecting its shadow on the satellite, which acquires a reddish tone due to the longest wavelengths that are filtered through the atmosphere. Hence it is known as “blood moon.” From the point of view of the moon (the visible face of the moon, to be exact) is a solar eclipse. NASA’s Surveyor Lunar 3 probe was the first in register how the earth is blocking the sun to form a diamond ring, similar to the one we see from here during the total solar eclipses. The first private mission to record it. In addition to Surveyor, Apollo Missions Astronaut The Kaguya Japanese probe in 2009 They have been able to register them from the lunar orbit. But Blue Ghost has been the second ship to document a total solar eclipse from the satellite surface. Similarly, Firefly Aerospace has become the first private company to get this milestone. Not surprisingly, it is the first to have achieved a gentle in vertical, something they have tried Several companies in recent years with little success. Everything got red. The eclipse It started at 5:30 UTC on Friday. At 8:30 UTC, the ground around the ship and the surfaces of the ship itself They had acquired an intense reddish tone. At 9:30 UTC, the Blue Ghost lunar module photographed Your first diamond ring: The silhouette of the earth framed by the brightness of the sun, with a flash crowning it as a piece of goldsmiths. Firefly has been clearly victorious in one week in which another Texas company, Intuitive Machines, has tried to alunize its Nova-C ship. The landing “Athena” fell sideways and could not recharge his batteries, dying within a few hours. Blue Ghost, on the other hand, landed at first and deployed a heat probeamong other NASA experiments. Image | The eclipse seen from Earth and the Moon (NASA, Firefly Aerospace) In Xataka | The United States has returned to the moon after 50 years with a fleet of “low cost” ships. It is being chaotic In Xataka | There is a silent career to get the moon waves: dozens of companies have claimed part of their spectrum

Amazon was about to buy the noise company for 1.4 billion dollars. Today is worth seven times less

March 14, 2025 by usatoday24

People don’t say they have vacuum robots. He says he has Robs. It is something special for a company that users replace the common name by their own name. The metonymic designation – kleenex by paper handker Robs They have certainly succeeded. Despite this, the company that creates them is going through a very complicated moment. Irobot, in trouble. The firm that designs and manufactures Roomba vacuum robots recently presented Your financial resultsand he did it with a pessimistic tone. Those responsible warned that they have “substantial doubts” that they can follow operations. Less income. In the results of the last quarter of 2024, he especially highlighted the 44% drop in income compared to the same period of the previous year. According to those responsible for the company, one of the reasons were “the competitive challenges facing the company.” Complex options. In fact, they explained that they have begun to analyze in detail their possible strategic movements to get out of this situation. One of them is refinancing their debt. The other, find a buyer, indicate In Bloomberg. Amazon already raised Irobot. Curiously, the company that manufactures these devices could be acquired by Amazon in the past. The company now led by Andy Jassy Theoretically came to buy itbut the European Union threatened Block the agreement And Amazon ended up backing down, with which this process never closed. A shadow of what it was. When Amazon was going to acquire Irobot, the assessment of the Roomba was 1.4 billion dollars. Its current market value is only 200 million dollars, seven times less. Pending debt. The investment firm Carlyle Group INC provided Irobot a loan of 200 million dollars in 2023. At that time the accounts did not have left, and that money allowed Irobot to have some liquidity while the acquisition of Amazon was managed. Not closing the operation, Carlyle can now collect terrible interests for Irobot: 9%. Too much competition. Roomba vacuums are still very well valued, but in recent years the competition has shown not wanting to be left behind. Robot vacuum cleaners has been rapidly used by other brands that have managed to equate in benefits, and in Irobot that brutal competition has noticed much. In Xataka | Better vacuum robots in quality price: which to buy based on the use and five recommended models

If today we can see a planetary alignment it is because the entire orbit solar system in the same plane. And not by chance

February 28, 2025 by usatoday24

Tonight we will have a chance to see one of the astronomical events of the year, The great planetary alignment: Seven planets (all the major planets of our solar system) will be visible in the night sky. To understand why this phenomenon and discover what it is and what is not, it is convenient to keep in mind some details about the dynamics of our solar system and its history. That is, the very story of the planets that accompany ours in the orbit around the sun. Ecliptic. The name of the phenomenon itself, Planetary alignmentindicates that it is an event in which the planets are arranged in a row. However, we must bear in mind that when we talk about this we do not talk about the planets forming a precise row in their orbital displacements as in textbooks, nothing is further from reality. The alignment of the planets refers to the fact that, at some point, these appear aligned in the night sky, that is, it is an apparent alignment from our terrestrial point of view that occurs around an imaginary line that crosses the night sky. This imaginary line is the ecliptic, but in reality it is much more than a line marked by the planets. And it is that most of the objects of our solar system move through it. Even the stars seem to move following the path that this brand. From the album to the planets. Strictly, the ecliptic It is defined as the imaginary plane that contains the orbit of the earth around the Sun. That is why this imaginary line is marked by the movement of our star in a daily transit by the celestial vault. However, due to the fact that the orbits of planets, satellites and asteroids of our solar system orbit in different planes, the ecliptic and its surroundings become the projection in the vault of the sky of an album, the disk formed by all this infinity of orbits of objects that rotate at different distances already varied speeds but practically always in similar planes. It is no accident that almost all the subject of our solar system is presented on this album. To understand the reason, we have to go behind in time, to the formation of our solar system, to the era in which around our star there were no planets, but a Protoplanetary disc. Return to the origins. The origin of the solar system is in a cloud of gas and matter that ended up concentrating. In doing so, Due to the conservation of angular momentumthe cloud was taking one more disk appearance, turning at the same time on itself. The center of that cloud continued to concentrate, until it reached critical mass and density for the formation of a star, the sun. The rest of the album was orbiting around the sun, now like a ringthe so -called protoplanetary disk. The dust also began to concentrate on different points of this album also due to gravity. Progressive clashes were giving rise to increasingly large concentrations, dust that became increasingly large rocks until planets and asteroids were formed, all still turning in the same direction in which millions of years ago revolved the protoplanetary disc and, before, the original cloud. The movement of the Earth. There is another factor that contributes to all objects from heaven to seem to scroll in unison and it is the fact that the Earth’s rotation axis is aligned with the axis of rotation of its orbital movement. This is more or less common, although there are exceptions such as Uranus. If we were on this planet, we would see night after night that the stars distant to us move from this to west normally, but the solar ecliptic would move very differently, a more exaggerated version of the solar movement given in the polar circles, with a seasonal cycle of days and nights. This implies that in summer, the ecliptic plane would be a circle in the celestial vault, something very different from what we perceive from Earth. In Xataka | Guide not to miss a unique planetary alignment: the best applications and websites to locate the seven planets Image | NASA/JPL

The “hypercarnivore” that lived 30 million years ago and today focuses the attention of paleontologists

February 19, 2025 by usatoday24

The Egyptian paleontologist Shorouq al-Ashqar and her team were about to conclude their work in the archaeological site where they worked when they noticed something that caught their attention. As explained by Al-Ashqar, it was teeth of considerable size that stood out from the rock. Bastetodon Syrtos. The teeth belonged to the fossilized skull of a mammal of about 30 million years old and belonging to a species so far unknown. The team responsible for the finding has cataloged the new species He has given him a name: Bastetodon Syrtos. The “almost complete” skull found has allowed the team to obtain valuable information about This new species. For example, let’s heal the animal would have had a size similar to that of modern leopards. B. Syrtos would have belonged to the order of the hyitodontes (Hyaenodonta), an already extinct group of mammals related to that of carnivores (Carnivora), The group in which there are species present such as cats and hyenas. The name Hyaenodonta It makes reference to these animals since, despite not having a direct relationship, the shape of the teeth of the extinct order is similar to that of the teeth of the modern species. Hypercarnivorous diet. The skull It has even served to get an idea of what this animal ate. The team indicates that B. SyrtosIt would have been what we know as a “hypercarnivore” (this time in a non-taxonomic but strictly food sense), an animal whose diet would have consisted of at least 70% of meat. This species would have been, their discoverers believe, on the cusp of the “food pyramid” in its ecosystem. The team presented its finding Through an article In the magazine Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Etymology of a name. The choice of name is a wink in the history of the country in which it has been discovered. The Egyptian goddess Bastet embodied, Explain the teamprotection, pleasure and good health. Bastet was represented well as a cat well as an anthropomorphic figure with a feline head, similar to that that members of the newly discovered species could have had. “-Oode,” on the other hand, it is a usual suffix in zoology that means “tooth.” The fayum. Thanks to its oasis, the fayum is one of the few areas where the water dyes green the land beyond the Nile Valley, which makes it a key region for agriculture in Egypt. But there is another characteristic that makes this environment interesting: its deposits, both archaeological and paleontolocic. The new finding, in fact, has served to give context to some remains found in the region 120 years ago. From the skull found and fossils discovered in 1904 in the region belonging to hyitodars of a size even larger than that of B. Syrtos. They classify these remains into a different genre to what they have called Sekhmetops. Bastetodon and Sekhmetops. Until now these animals (whose new name also refers to an Egyptian god, Sekhmet) had been classified in the same group as European hyenodontes. The new classification places the origin of the two new genres, Bastetodonand Sekhmetopsin the African continent itself. According to the new study, these two genres would have expanded in successive waves from Africa to the adjacent continents and even to North America. In Xataka | They looked like mice, but they didn’t live as mice. This is what the denture of the Jurassic mammals has told us about them Image | Ahmad Morsi

Today they cost the same as an authentic Ferrari

February 17, 2025 by usatoday24

In the mid -80s of the last century there was a category in the World Rally Championship in which vehicles of just 1,000 kilos They flew on the roads of ground driven by up to 600 hp. It was the golden era of group B of Rallyes, and the risk of driving these four -wheeled missiles made this category be eliminated, this category was soon eliminated, Leaving legends as the Lancia Delta S4 Integrale, Audi S1 Quattro and Peugeot 205 T16. The only requirement for brands to participate in this category was that the car that competed had At least 200 approved units for street. Ford designed the RS200 specifically for this test, and manufactured 200 units to comply with the regulation share. That, in itself, already makes it a Very quoted piece For collectors. But Ford went a little further by giving another twist to exclusivity and made 20 of them under the distinctive S (from Special) in his name. He Canadian Murray Dewert He was in charge of refining his engine by adding 100 hp more to the 200 hp that already mounted the “standard” RS200 model. The intense story of the RS200 s Ford The RS200 Ford was specifically designed for Compete in Rally Group B And he appeared in the mid -80s, highlighting for his total traction. Ghia designed an ultralight fiberglass chassis, and installed a 1.8 -liter turbo engine, developed by Cosworth, capable of generating up to 450 hp in its competition version. Therefore, the 20 units of the RS200 s was a street car, but with only 100 hp less than the competence on the tracks. However, group B’s competitions were canceled in 1986 due to numerous fatal accidents suffered by cars that participated in this category, which resulted in Several deaths both among pilots and among the audience due to frequent track departures. That left the RS200 without the possibility of demonstrating its maximum potential on the slopes. Despite this, the highway approved units gained value as collection pieces due to their advanced technology and exclusivity. The Ford “Rosso” The Exclusivity of the RS200 S Ford that concerns us is not so much in its poor global production, as in being a RARE Av For collecting, of which even There is a video of the moment in which Ford gives it to those who now sell it. Within the RS200 s variant with higher performance, only four were painted with an unpublished special color in a Ford car: the Red Ferrari. That makes these units some extremely rare pieces, if it also takes into account that It is estimated that only two Of those four units they have come to this day. This finish was not part of the original factory design, but a specific application that makes it even more unique and special for collectors and enthusiasts. A Treasury for Collectors The model that goes to the market on February 22 in the auction house Iconic auctix It is unit 138 and has been carefully maintained and has 32,186 kilometers in the odometer, which is unusual for a car of this era. In addition, it has been reviewed by specialists, ensuring that is preserved in excellent conditions both in its mechanics and in its body. This detail guarantees that it is not only a collection car, but a fully functional and ready to be driven and admired. The organizers of the auction estimate that it could reach a price of between 270,000 and 340,000 euros given its impeccable status and the rarity of the unit. In addition, it is equipped with outstanding characteristics for the time such as specific Speedline tires, the original interior and a mechanical configuration that makes it as shocking as it was more than three decades ago. A curiosity that shows this unit is that, when being in the United Kingdom, it has the wheel to the right. However, this was not its original configuration that the steering wheel had “in the right place“Ford modified it before giving it to its owner, and facilitated the original pieces in case you wanted to reverse the change. In Xataka | A Rolls-Royce, a Toyota and two millionaires: in 1981 the weirdest car that the Paris-Dakar participated participated Image | Iconic auctix

In the Middle Ages there was a very expensive culinary fashion that would make its uncomstant food today: they bathed in spices

February 16, 2025 by usatoday24

For tastes, colors. But if you were the guest of a landowner of the Middle Ages, a hostel Hyper spicy. After all, it was not crazy that you were a pheisan tray on the table swimming in a sauce made with 17 different spicesso many that its flavor would hardly please today’s palates. Perhaps that expectation seems little appetizing, but for the diners of the Middle Ages it made all the meaning. Better with spices. The diners with possible of the Middle Ages liked spices. A lot. So much so that their banquets were a real display of ginger dressings, cinnamon, black pepper, nutmeg or saffron, between A long and well spiced and so on. As an example, Michael Delahoydefrom the Washington State University, Explain that a meat sauce could contain about 17 different spices. In another recent example The country He spoke of recipes up to 15 and abundant sugar. All in the same dish. Combined. Forming a mixture of flavors that would make meals that gave luster to the great banquets of the medieval nobles were hardly edible for the diners of the 21st century. And that (culinary ironies) that it was never as easy to find spices as it is today: it comes with entering any supermarket to meet full shelves. A gastronomic window. If we know what and how the medieval nobles ate it is thanks to the work of historians and works such as ‘The Llibre de feel Soví’a manuscript that stands out for several reasons: it is the oldest recipe book of its type of the Iberian Peninsula and for a few days it stars An exhibition On medieval food in Valencia. The work contains 72 recipes and dates from the XV, although experts are convinced that the work starts from a previous, now lost original, which was written in 1324. The work is interesting not only for its recipes. It is also because it tells us about how the diners of the low Middle Ages were, perhaps somewhat different from us in tastes, but not in what they refer to. In addition to appreciating the good taste of the dishes, they liked to presume, use gastronomy as a status symbol. They appreciated kitchens with large stoves, The trenches that cut and distributed meat among diners, Spices and sugar. Kitchen and marketing (medieval). “Eating we have to eat all, every day, but in the Middle Ages they did not have the ways of distinguish leftovers to the poorest classes. Comment to The country Juan Vicente García Marsilla, Professor of Medieval History and Commissioner of the Exhibition. The seventeenth -century recipe book preserved in Valencia has a lot of that pomp and prestige that was sought between stoves and pantries. In his prologue he slides that the original work was prepared long ago by commission of an English kingbut the recipes speak of another reality: an author probably Valencian or Catalan accustomed to the gastronomic tradition of the Mediterranean. “Marketing ínfulas of the time”, Garcia summarizes. By attributing the work to a foreign and old chef, the recipe book sought to imbute exoticism and prestige. Why so many spices? Partly for the above. Status. Today we may find them in any market, but spices or sugar centuries ago They were luxuries that were not available to all tables. “The spices were a sign of luxury and opulence. They denoted prestige,” Delahoyde commentswho reflects on the peculiar value of medieval kitchen books: probably not all chefs knew how to read and the recipes were not used between stoves, but were preserved in private collections. Therefore … Did they serve for those responsible for provisions? Were they a sign of status? A way of knowing the exotic ingredients of each dish, dressings that otherwise perhaps go unnoticed for diners? In search of flavors … and name. Analida Brager slides some interesting reflections in Medievalist.neta platform founded in 2008 and specialized in medieval history. In A broad article On the subject, he points out that the medieval palate was accustomed to very seasoned foods, a symbol of power in part by its exotic origin and the Imports from the East. In the extensive list Cinnamon, nail, nutmeg, ginger, pepper, saffron, macis, cardamom or Galanga. Insatiable demand. “The insatiable demand for spices by Europe at the end of the Middle Ages is a notable example of a drastic historical change caused by consumer preferences,” He pointed in 2012 Paul Freedman in an article published in ‘The Oxford Handbook of Food History’. The result are recipes such as sugar chicken that we can read in the XV manuscript preserved in Valencia. In addition the spices were not only used in the kitchen, they also had Medical applications. There is who says That despite its limited availability and high cost, a very high percentage of the recipes of the kitchen books of the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries include spices and that at least some works cite up to 40 different types. In any case, it is necessary to be clear that the kitchen of the aristocracy and the extended between the popular classes is not the same. Among the latter it was not strange that it was consumed Cold food for a matter of costs. Reviewing old topics. As It often occurs With everything referred to with the Middle Ages, the use of spices is overshadowed by topics and prejudices that are not always accurate. Delahoyde remembers The “common myth” that the chefs of the time resorted to both condiments to mask the taste of meat in poor condition. After all there were no refrigerators or freezers with whom to keep the meat fresh, right? Why not season it well? It is not likely to happen. And the reason is simple. In the Middle Ages they were also aware of the importance of fresh foods and who had the necessary resources to buy spices probably would not use them for that purpose. First because they were too expensive to … Read more

Today Steve Ballmer is richer than Gates

February 14, 2025 by usatoday24

If one thing has been clear in the 50 years of Bill Gates’s professional career, he has Good smell for businessalthough sometimes he has failed in his decisions. That has led him to remain for almost four decades in the Top 10 of the biggest fortunes. In his biographical book ‘Source Code: My Beginnings‘, the millionaire remembers what was his biggest bet: Sign Steve Ballmer and offer a good piece of the Microsoft cake. United for Harvard’s halls Bill Gates remembered in his book his years as a student at Harvard University in Autumn 1976, where the millionaire forged a close friendship with someone who, two decades Later he would replace him under Microsoft. Gates met Ballmer through a common friend in a harvard economy postgraduate class. “Steve looks a lot like you,” said his friend. Unlike the rest of the math students, Gates was impressed with the personality of his new friend. “Steve had incredible energy and a unique ability to motivate people,” Gates said. Then I didn’t know, but that Combination of skills He made Ballmer the ideal candidate to help transform Microsoft from a small startup to a global corporation. In those years, Ballmer already pointed ways in the sports direction. He was responsible for the University’s football team, supervised the advertising of his student newspaper and was the president of Harvard’s literary magazine. Gates describes in his book how he remembered having attended a football game and seeing Ballmer “spending so much energy walking from one place to another and jumping on the side of the field” like any of the players they were playing. Both partners They connected rapidly And they became inseparable, chatting about the future, the power of business and how to revolutionize the world. Of course among their great plans, they developed their particular strategy for success: to skip the economy classes, and study in a hurry at the last minute just before presenting the exam … and approve it “triumphant.” The millionaire tells his biography that the charismatic Ballmer was responsible for expanding the social circle of Gates during his time in Harvard, and introduces Bill Gates in the Fox Club. As described by the Millionaire in his book, this club was known for his “Tag parties, secret hands and other archaic rules and rituals”, the founder of Microsoft would have avoided not being for his effusive friend Ballmer. Steve, Vente to Microsoft In 1980, Bill Gates made a decision that would change Microsoft’s course and of the technology industry. Gates needed a strategist, a partner who could handle the commercial department to sell the product, while he concentrated on technology. This is where Gates recalled Ballmer’s good social skills. In principle, young Microsoft founders were willing to offer up to 5% of their new company’s shares to recruit Steve Ballmer as manager. Finally, and thanks to the undeniable Ballmer’s negotiating talent, Gates ended up accessing him to deliver the 8.75% of Microsoft’s actions. Gates reflected on this decision years later: “Giving Steve those actions was one of the best decisions I have made.” Microsoft’s success in the following decades demonstrated the wisdom of this election, consolidating the company’s position as leader in the technology industry. The founder of Microsoft recognized the importance of having someone like Ballmer, who had a business vision complementary to his. “We needed someone who could help us grow as a business,” Gates explained in his memoirs. This decision demonstrated the long -term vision of Gates and his willingness to sacrifice immediate profits for a major future benefit. Ballmer’s incorporation had a deep effect on Microsoft’s trajectory, beyond showing the energy that conquered Gates Sweating the shirt on stageor doing that Gates lost his shame in order to increase your sales. Ballmer’s leadership years at the head of Microsoft cannot be considered the brightest of the company, who did not know how to get on Mobile telephony train. Ballmer returned to his passion After leave the world of technology and with 8.75% of the actions of a Microsoft catapulted to financial success by Satya NadellaSteve Ballmer has been able to devote himself in body and soul to his passion: basketball. He bought the team of the NBA Los Angeles Clippers and that has led him to become the thirteenth fortune in the world according to the Forbes Millionaires Listwith a patrimony of 121.3 billion dollars, overcoming in wealth To his friend and mentor Bill Gates. In Xataka | Bill Gates won 5,545 million dollars sleeping. This is what implies having a fortune of 130,000 million Image | Flickr (Wired Photostream, World Bank Photo Collection)

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