thought

The world has been fascinated by the collapse of the Mayans for decades. In reality, almost everything we thought we knew was wrong.

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They cultivated fields, raised livestock, built some of the most amazing buildings on the planet, developed a rich culture that included advanced astronomical knowledge that still intrigue today to the experts. The Mayans are one of the most fascinating civilizations on the planet. And rightly so. Without it it is impossible to tell the history of Central America. However, little by little and as technology allows us to delve into their secrets, we begin to understand something: much of what we thought we knew about the Mayans was wrong. And that includes its collapse. What happened to the Mayans? The question is very simple. His answer not so much anymore. As our knowledge of the Mayan civilization has expanded (thanks to resources such as LiDAR technology) has also mutated the idea that historians had of its decline. I remembered it recently in Guardian Marcus Haraldsson remembering what we know about Tikalone of the largest urban centers of the Mayans, located in what is now Guatemala. “Sudden and disastrous”? The most recent stele located at the site dates back to the year 869 ADwhich leaves the question of what happened in Tikal from that date on. For a time historians assessed the possibility of a “sudden and disastrous” collapse that marked its fate; But today that explanation seems increasingly distant. Now experts are leaning towards another option: a broad period of decline of around 200 years during which farmers moved north and south and powerful urban centers were abandoned in favor of settlements such as Chichén Itzá, Uxmal or Mayapán, towards the north of the Yucatán Peninsula. There is even talk of the period Classic Terminalwhich goes from the years 750 to 1050. Changing perspective. This perspective has been adapted over the decades and goes beyond the period of decline of the Mayan civilization. “We are no longer really talking about collapse, but about decline, transformation and reorganization of society, as well as a continuity of culture,” comment to Guardian Kenneth E. Seligson, associate professor of archeology at California State University (CSU). “There have been several similar changes in places like Rome. (But) we rarely talk about the great Roman collapse anymore because they re-emerged in various forms, just like the Mayans.” But… What happened? What exactly happened for many of the main Mayan settlements (not all) to begin to collapse towards the 9th and 10th centuries It remains a complex and highly discussed topic. Today the authors point out a combination of factors including changes in trade routes, adverse weather, severe and prolonged droughts and wars, among others. The truth is that in the middle of 2026, researchers continue collecting clues that helps us clear up unknowns about that period. The importance of water. You don’t have to go far back to read new discoveries that tell us precisely about the collapse of the Mayan civilization. Last August a group of scientists published a article in which they basically emphasized the “important role” that “prolonged droughts” played in the Mayan decline. For their study, the researchers analyzed a stalagmite located in a cave in the Yucatan, a true geological and archaeological treasure if its oxygen isotopes are analyzed. The examination revealed a series of periods of severe drought between 871 and 1021, during the Terminal Classic, stages marked by water shortages during which the Mayans found it “extremely difficult” to grow their crops. It may seem exaggerated, but the study revealed eight droughts during the rainy season that lasted at least three years. Not only that. The longest drought lasted about 13 years. Other previous studies, carried out from sediments collected in the Chichankanab lagoon or stalactites rescued in Belizehad already suggested the role that climate played in the Mayan collapse. Question of droughts (and something else). Months after that study, in November, Benjamin Gwinneth, from the Université de Montréal (UdeM), published another that helps complete the ‘photo’. The Canadian institution recalls that between 750 and 900 AD the population of the Mayan lowlands suffered “a significant demographic and political decline” that coincided with “episodes of intense drought.” What Gwinneth’s work questions is whether this collapse is explained only by the lack of water. Curiously, their research is also based on the analysis of sediment samples dating back to around 3,300 years ago. And what exactly did he do? Gwinneth dedicated himself to analyzing samples taken from Laguna Itzán, in present-day Guatemala, near an archaeological site Maya. To be precise, they focused on three “geochemical indicators” that reveal the evolution of fires, vegetation and population density in the area (something they estimate thanks to fecal stanols) for thousands of years. The first conclusion they obtained is that the first settlements appeared in the area 3,200 years ago and for centuries the Mayans cultivated, burned to clear forests and used the ashes as natural fertilizer. It also gradually increased the population of the area. Over time they even changed their “agricultural strategy”, dispensing with fire. A “stable” climate. The second conclusion (and this is the interesting part) is that, unlike Mayan populations located further north that did suffer “devastating droughts”, in Itzán the climate was relatively “stable” thanks in part to its geographical location, near the Cordillera. Curiously, that did not free Itzán from the crisis that they suffered in other areas of the Mayan world. The question is obvious: Why? If it kept raining there, what dragged them into the crisis? “Although there was no drought in the area, the population decreased during the Terminal Classic period. Indicators show a drastic drop, traces of agriculture disappear and the site was abandoned,” Gwinneth points out.which recalls that some archaeologists place the beginning of the Mayan collapse in the Itzán area. Why is it important? Because it suggests that drought (no matter how stubborn) is not enough on its own to explain the Mayan decline. “The answer lies in the interconnection of Mayan societies,” reflects the expert. “Cities did not exist in isolation. They formed a complex network of commercial ties, … Read more

We thought that AI was going to take our position. The reality is that it is making us work more and rest less

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The most pessimistic vision of the future of AI predicted that the automation of processes would mean the elimination of many jobs. The most optimistic assure that AI will not replace employees, but rather will enhance your skills making them more productive, which will translate into shorter days. A analysis of Harvard Business Reviewbased on eight months of observation at a US technology company with about 200 employees, reveals something very different: AI is making employees take on more tasks, but also make them work longer days. Do more with AI. The study observed that the use of AI in the company It did not simplify the work, but rather expanded it. The researchers observed that employees, product managers, and designers began using AI on their own initiative, even though the company did not force them to do so. What it did do was provide business subscriptions to those who decided to use it in their work. This use made employees begin to tackle more and more tasks, not only within the scope of their position, but, for example, employees from the sales department asked AI for help. to program a tool to help them in their task. Employees argued that, with the help of AI, they had immediate response to their ideas and projects, which allowed them to accomplish more tasks. The end of breaks. The help of AI and the elimination of friction in starting new tasks motivated employees to take on more and more tasks, increasing their daily workload. The most curious thing is that the researchers discovered that this additional motivation also implied that employees gave up their natural rest times. The increase in workload, even voluntarily, increased their levels of cognitive fatigue and exhaustion, influencing their decision-making capacity. By not having to stop and reflect in front of a blank page of a report or simply go to a colleague’s desk for help with a question, employees endured greater mental strain. This progressive exhaustion had an impact on worsening of work quality and in personnel turnover due to burnout. Fast pace and multitasking. He productivity increase The initial advantage that AI provided made it possible for employees to have several open fronts. The researchers detected that employees assigned a task to the AI ​​(or even several tasks in parallel processes) and, while obtaining a result, started a new task. This practice caused a state of perpetual multitasking, with frequent interruptions and “juggling” between different ideas and open projects, which contributed to exhausting employees’ cognitive capacity a little more. More work for you, more work for others. Daring to take on tasks that did not correspond to them, in turn caused a supervision overload for the departments to which it did correspond. For example, if someone in the sales department created code to streamline the analysis of their sales data, that would require the engineering department to review that code to make sure it was correct. that is correct and safeincreasing your workload with unplanned projects. Blurred boundaries between work and life. One of the most notable consequences is how AI acts as an always-available “co-pilot,” removing barriers between work and personal hours. The employees who participated in the analysis ended up extending their work hours on their own initiative, reviewing ideas or polishing the work they had started with AI at home. As its authors point out, “organizations could see this voluntary expansion of work as a clear victory. After all, if workers do it on their own initiative, why would that be a bad thing?” However, this apparent initial advantage for companies can mask a long-term problem “Overwork can impair judgment, increase the likelihood of errors, and make it difficult for organizations to distinguish between true productivity gains and unsustainable intensity,” the researchers note. The report ‘Barometer of AI in the world of work’ prepared by PwC, corroborates that in companies with a high implementation of AI, productivity increases between 20 and 30% on average, but it is only maintained at these levels if it is accompanied by ethical governance and redistribution of efforts. Without these adjustments, the promise of efficiency becomes a trap of greater individual effort that ends up burning out employees with heavier workloads and longer hours. In Xataka | “The world is in danger”: Anthropic’s security manager leaves the company to write poetry Image | Unsplash (Christina @wocintechchat.com)

If you’ve ever thought about “leaving everything and going to the mountains,” these thinkers have a lot to tell you

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In recent days it has gone viralMrinank Sharma’s departurehead of AI Safeguards at Anthropic (that is, the company’s team focused on security, misuse and model safeguards). In the letter that Sharma made publicafter explaining that “the world was in danger”confessed that he was going to the United Kingdom to study and write poetry. The idea of ​​”taking back control of your life” has been in the air for years and has an incredible capacity to mutate and adapt. Yes in 2021 lthose who left work spoke of low pay, lack of progress and feeling disrespected, now we talk about ethical issues and existential anxiety. What persists is that “leave everything and go to the mountains.” AND There are good philosophical arguments for this.. The philosophy of sending everything to hell Cristian Bortes – British Museum Or at least that is what many philosophers throughout history believed. Among the great practical philosophical traditions of Hellenic culture, Epicurism and its proposal to retire to live in peace is perhaps the best-known example. Although it has often been the product of stereotypes and misunderstandings, the school of Epicurus and company understood philosophy as a kind of philosophy of the soul: a kind of, following the ideas of Christopher Gill, a preventive psychological medicine. In this sense, withdrawing, stopping depending on the external, was not a way of being right, but rather of living without anxiety: of dedicating oneself to pleasure. At the end of the day, the epicurean garden that has been painted as an ode to hedonism is, in reality, a search for a friendly place that reduces stimuli, comparisons and needs. In the end, and translating it to our days without all the ontological scaffolding behind it, it is realizing that we are leaving our lives in a race whose goal we have not chosen. Is build a good place to live. However, it is not the only way to see it. independent people Rafael Sanzio Other Hellenic schools, such as the Stoics or the Cynics, were much more radical. Or, rather, hard. With their doctrinal differences, they sought internal independence, autarky. Imported to our days consists of going beyond building a shelter and going on the offensive. Modern life chains us in a thousand different ways (mortgage, career, reputation, schedules, etc…) and, for this reason, retiring goes far beyond a healing practice: it is a practical theory of freedom (liberation). This connects directly with another tradition: that of the hermits and ascetics that goes from Valerio del Bierzo to the eastern saints. There are many ways to justify it, but the idea is always the same: if to sustain your life you need to be liked, be productive and be available, you are not free; You are functional. And being functional to the material world, being functional to the system prevents you from aspiring to higher goals. think better With the birth of the modern world, we began to think about retirement in a different way: as a way of thinking well, of thinking better. The Montaigne tower or Rousseau’s walks have often been seen as a form of misanthropy. But, in reality, they were a way to get away to gain perspective, calm the soul and practice some mental hygiene. It has a lot to do with the idea of ​​disconnection retreats, although since the time of the French solitaries, society has spread its tentacles so much that it has become much more difficult: our minds are always foxes. Withdraw in protest The arrival of modernity also brought us political retreat. That is, leaving as a protest. When you can’t reform the world, sometimes the only lever is the way out. Or, what is the same: if in classical antiquity ostracism was the punishment par excellence, now it emerged as a tool. Refusing to cooperate with an unjust, corrupting or downright absurd order. It is true that much literature considers this type of flight as a sign of cowardice, but it is also true that (lucid or not), it is never neutral. Many reasons, the same gesture Be that as it may, we must not ignore that, in the background, there are always structural reasons: historically, the impulse to withdraw usually intensifies when certain collective sensations invade society: the feeling of the end of the era, acceleration, saturation, existential anxiety, problems of legitimacy. Just what we suffer today. And in the face of this, tranquility emerges as a rare commodity to seek and pursuea way to recover in the current mare magnun. For this reason, many people have begun to understand that ‘going to the mountains’ does not have to be a gesture of evasion, nor a way of disengaging from reality: it can perfectly be a “moral relocation”: a way to become better, to start again, to gain momentum. In Xataka | Seneca, philosopher: “It is not that we have little time to live, but that we do not stop wasting it”

Science now believes that our biological expiration date is more hereditary than we thought.

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For years, the scientific consensus and popular culture have repeated a reassuring mantra: genes they only determine 20 or 25% of life expectancy. The rest of this fell on our shoulders directly with the lifestyle, diet or even the environment we surround ourselves with. But this figure, which corresponded to old studieshas changed radically. The study. A study published this week in Science has come to shake the foundations of biogerontology. Led by molecular biologist Uri Alon of the Weizmann Institute in Israel, the research suggests that We have been massively underestimating the role of DNA. Something that they have been able to know after cleaning the data from the statistical “noise” with a very resounding conclusion behind it: the heritability of human life expectancy is around 55%. What we knew. The percentage of participation of current genetics was based on research carried out in the 90s and whose key was the definition of “dying.” The oldest studies analyzed cohorts of Danish-Swedish twins taking mortality as a whole. In this way, if one twin died of cancer at 90 and the other from a car accident at 30, the statistics interpreted that genetics had very little influence. The present. But now, Alon’s team has applied a new mathematical model to separate two concepts that used to be mixed up. One of these was extrinsic mortality, that is, deaths caused by external and random factors such as accidents, pandemics or wars. On the other hand, we have intrinsic mortality, which is true biological aging and is not due to an accident, but to the ‘wear and tear’ of the organism over time. In this way, by removing the noise of extrinsic mortality from historical data, the weight of genetics begins to skyrocket. The results. The new study, published at the end of January, is not just based on a simulation but has analyzed decades of records. On the one hand, data from twins born between 1870 and 1900 have been reanalyzed, which are the original studies where the extrinsic factor was included. By removing it, the genetic correlation again became much stronger. The team crossed their models with sibling data for 444 American centenarians confirming that extreme longevity clusters in families much more than chance or shared environment could explain. In this way, the study corrects what experts call prior estimation biases. That is, the 20-25% figures were not wrong. per sebut they included too much “bad luck.” Lifestyle matters. That the weight of genetics is much greater than we think, does not mean that we should abandon the gym and a balanced diet. And although genetics determine 55% of aging, the other almost half continues to depend on the environment and lifestyle. And this must continue to be maintained. On the other hand, this has enormous implications for personalized medicine. If the “expiration date” of our tissues is more programmed than we thought, anti-aging therapies will have to focus much more on editing or modulating that genetic load, and not just on telling us to eat more vegetables (which too). Images | LOGAN WEAVER | @LGNWVR In Xataka | In Spain there are already 148 people over 64 years of age for every 100 young people. And that is a ticking time bomb for the economy.

We thought that the 72 billion that Meta spent on AI in 2025 were outrageous. It was just the appetizer

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The big tech companies They are spending a lot of money on AI infrastructure and, far from slackening, the figure is only increasing (and not a little). In the case of Meta, the company planned to spend $66 billion in 2025, but in October they had to correct the figure to $72 billion. 2026 has just begun and the figure they have just given is directly insane. Doubling down, literally. Between 115,000 and 135,000 million dollarsthese are the figures that Meta handles for the year 2026. It is almost double what they spent in 2025, a figure that, as we said, they had to correct towards the end of the year, so let’s not rule out that it ends up being more. The spending will mainly be intended to “support the efforts of Meta Superintelligence Labs”, that is, to build more data centers. Which by the way, more than 6 million dollars have been spent on advertising campaigns to convince us that data centers are cool. Record results. The fourth quarter of 2025 has been very good for Meta. Revenue grew 24% compared to the same period of the previous year, reaching 59,000 million dollars and a net profit of 22,800 million dollars, figures that exceed forecasts. According to its CEO, the good results are thanks to the implementation of AI in its advertising services. Recovering confidence. In the previous quarter, the huge spending on AI generated many doubts among investors and, although the results were also good, shares fell up to 8%. This time it has been different and, although spending will skyrocket even more, shares are up 10%. It seems that they trust Zuckerberg’s direction again. Where is the ceiling? It is difficult to know, but what we do know is that since 2023 it has been increasing exaggeratedly. And not a little. According to Meta datain 2023 they spent 28 billion dollars, in 2024 they rose to 39 billion and in 2025 to 72 billion. The jump has been getting higher and higher with each year, I wonder when they will let off the accelerator. All for AI, but without AI. All the big technology companies are spending a lot on AI, but what is striking about the case of Meta is that has not yet launched its new models. To put it in context, Meta’s expected spending is higher than Google’s in 2025, but Google has Gemini while Meta has promises. After the fiasco of Call 4Zuckerberg set himself as a target Completely remodel your AI department. It was spent a fortune in hiring new talentscreated a secret laboratory next to his officeha cut the Metaverse department (also with layoffs) to move resources to AI. The ambition is huge: creating superintelligence. At the moment, what we know is that they are preparing a language model called Avocado and another for image generation that they call Mango. They better measure up, otherwise They will always have the public. Image | Unsplash, Meta In Xataka | Three years after the metaverse fiasco, Zuckerberg has another burning nail for Meta: digital glasses

We thought measles was history. The data shows that we were very wrong

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For years, measles seemed like a disease of the past in much of the developed world thanks to mass vaccination campaigns who had managed to corner the virus until turning the outbreaks into anecdotes. However, everything is changing as the WHO itself points out either the US CDC by drawing a very different scenario: measles has returned and it has done so with unusual force. The return What began as an “immunity gap” after the pandemic has become in a worrying statistical trend. From the Mediterranean to the United States, and with an echo in Spain, the figures for 2024 and what we have for 2025 confirm a global rebound that tests herd immunity. The global ‘leap’. To understand the magnitude of the problem, you have to look at the raw numbers that the WHO itself offers ussince it makes us see that we are not facing a standard seasonal rebound, but rather it is a very important change in trend. In this case the European Region The WHO has registered 127,350 cases in 2024, a figure that not only doubles the records of 2023, but also marks the all-time high since 1997. In depth. If we break them down, we can see that in Europe cases have increased by 47% compared to pre-pandemic levels and in the Eastern Mediterranean the increase is 86% compared to 2019. In the case of the European Union, ECDC documents more than 35,000 cases in 2024, which increases ten times the previous year. The severity lies not only in the contagion, but in the consequences: more than half of these cases in Europe have required hospitalization. And this leads to greater pressure on care. In the United States. If in Europe there is a lot of concern about this issue, in the North American country, since the growth is vertical. The CDC itself has set off alarms after observing how cases have multiplied by five in a matter of months. In this way, while approximately between 285 and 300 cases were reported in all of 2024, projections and partial data for 2025 place the figure above 1,500 affected. This paints a very clear picture: 92% of infections occur among people who have not been vaccinated, with outbreaks concentrating in communities with low immunization. The case of Spain. If we focus on our country The truth is that we have remained free of endemic measles since 2017. This means that the virus does not constantly circulate freely within our borders. However, globalization is causing a change in photography. Official data indicates that while in 2023 only 14 cases were recorded, in 2204 they increased to 229 cases and in 2025 the forecast points to almost 400. Its origin. The Ministry of Health and the Spanish Association of Pediatrics (AEP) point out that the majority are imported cases (mainly from Morocco and Romania) that find “small gaps” to spread. Although there are active outbreaks in communities such as Andalusia, the Basque Country and Catalonia, the virus enters from outside and lights the fuse in non-immunized groups. The mathematics. Measles is one of the most contagious viruses that exists, and to keep it at bay through herd immunity, the WHO establishes a fairly strict safety threshold: 95% of the population must have both doses of the vaccine. This is something where Spain is doing quite well, since the first dose has a coverage of 96-97%, while the second drops to 91-93%. But this difference between having one or two doses is very important. That margin of two or three percentage points below the recommended 95%, added to the anti-vaccine movements and delays in post-COVID vaccination, is the crack through which the virus is sneaking in. Although the general population is protected, there are enough “pockets” of vulnerable population for an imported case to generate a local outbreak. Images | Wikipedia Fusion Medical Animation In Xataka | The myth of 37º: it is increasingly clear to us that there is no “normal” body temperature

We thought that Elon Musk was going to be the most influential millionaire in the US. Someone has discreetly overtaken him: Larry Ellison

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The Spanish proverb is full of wisdom that not even AI is capable of surpassing. One that comes in handy to describe the situation of some of the greatest fortunes in the world is: “it doesn’t matter how you start, it matters how you finish.” The year began with Donald Trump taking office for the first time and with a euphoric Elon Musk after donating about 280 million dollars to Trump’s re-election campaign, who came to consider it “First Buddy“. That placed the millionaire in a position of influence about the president. The relationship between them It didn’t take long for it to twist. On the other hand, another millionaire, much more cautious in his public displays and statements, has discreetly taken over from Musk as the president’s go-to millionaire: Larry Ellison. The discreet Ellison. Larry Ellison, founder of Oracle, has managed to keep a low profile while his fortune has grown during 2025 thanks to being present in all technological investment projects that the Trump government has promoted. In September, in fact, Ellison arrived at briefly surpass Elon Musk as the richest person in the world thanks to the coincidence of a rebound in the price of his company’s shares and a downturn in Musk’s. However, with the waters back in their coursethe South African millionaire has taken distance with a fortune above $735 billion, while Ellison remains in third place behind Larry Pagewith a fortune of 247.8 billion dollars. Stargate Project. Given the unstoppable advance of AI developed in China, with deepseek As the main standard bearer, the US began a project of 500 billion in AI for “ensure American leadership in AI.” What hardware infrastructure was this entire project going to be based on? About that of Oracle, of course. Unlike Musk, who showed very belligerent With the proposal, Ellison has remained one of the main pillars of the proposal, especially for being one of the most interested parties in the advancement of the multimillion-dollar project that includes the construction of huge data centers in Texas. In addition to being cooperative with the Trump Administration, this initiative positions Oracle as a key company in the race for technological supremacy under the current government. ​TikTok won’t close. The Trump Administration has also relied on Ellison to put an end to the soap opera about the purchase of TikTok in which Trump himself came to take action. Oracle is part of a consortium that acquired part of the American entity of TikTok, and with Ellison at control of data and algorithm adapted for US users. Thanks to that millionaire’s cape, Trump avoided the closure of the social network in the US, keeping an important active electoral communication channel. The wayward CNN. Ellison’s influence in the White House is not limited to the person of the data center magnate. Something that seemed so far from their negotiation as the offer to purchase Warner by Paramounthas ended up with no less than two Ellisons involved in the case: David Ellison, CEO of Paramount and son of Larry Ellison. In this case, the billionaire had to go to the investors of Warner Bros. To give your personal guarantee of $40.4 billion for Paramount’s bid, led by his son David, to buy Warner for $108.4 billion. Netflix was in the running to take over the streaming platform, but with that deal, an uncomfortable piece for Trump remained up in the air: CNN. So the entry on the scene of the Ellisons (father and son) ensured the control of a CNN which has historically been shown very critical with the decisions of the Trump governments. In Xataka | Larry Ellison wanted to feed the world by growing lettuce on his private island: he irrigated it with 500 million dollars Image | Flickr (Oracle, Gage Skidmore)

Neuroscience explains why the brain takes much longer to mature than we thought

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The idea we have about adolescence right now it ends at 25 years old, this being the age at which supposedly the brain has just been ‘cooked’ forever to give way to a functional adult. But the reality is very different as the new studies point out, since we would continue to mature the brain until at least 32 years old. Where did the current idea come from? To understand why scientists pointed to 25 years as the age at which brain maturity ends, we must go back to studies of the past. Specifically to Resonance studies from the 90s and early 2000s like the classic Nitin Gogtay who mapped brain development and discovered that the cortex matures from “back to front.” This means that the sensory and motor areas are consolidated soon, but the prefrontal cortex which is in charge of executive functions, impulse control and planning is last in line. The problem is that many of those studies stopped following the subjects when you reach 20 or 21 years oldsince seeing that the curve continued to rise, it was assumed that the “peak” of maturity would arrive shortly after, around the mid-20s. But we had no idea what happened after this. Just assumptions. A new frontier. In order to solve this ‘blindness’ of neuroscience used the analysis of more than 4,000 brains using connectivity neuroimaging techniques at the University of Cambridge. What they saw was clearly five ‘epochs’ or milestones in brain wiring throughout life. Different turning points. And as if our life were a game, in the brain we have like five different screens that begin at a specific age that acts as a turning point. These ages are: 9, 32, 66 and 83 years. What interests us in this case is the period between 9 and 32 years, since the brain is characterized by a continuous increase in the efficiency and integration of neural networks. It is what the authors describe as an ‘extended adolescence’. It’s not that at 30 you think the same as a 15-year-old, but that the architecture of connections has not yet reached its final ‘adult’ form. Something that occurs at age 32 and remains stable until age 66, when brain activity begins to decline. To understand it better. Researchers wanted to use a simile to illustrate this new paradigm. To do this, they ask us to think of our brain as the union of several “functional neighborhoods” that specialize in specific tasks such as vision, language or logic. All of these are integrated with each other through different highways that are high-speed connections. Well then, between 20 and 32 years old The brain is balancing these two processes, so that the connections between different areas of the brain are well connected and organized. And it is precisely this typical pattern of the adult network, where the brain is capable of integrating complex information fluidly, which does not appear until after the age of thirty. Teenager at 30? This is where the important nuance comes in. Just because the brain continues to mature structurally does not mean that we should redefine adolescence in legal or clinical terms. All this because maturation is a gradient, not a switch of ‘now I’m a teenager and now I’m not’. To understand this, you have to know that the different elements of the brain and executive functions have a very different development curve. In this way, saying that the brain matures at 32 is a simplification that is as useful (or as erroneous) as saying that it matures at 25. What science really tells us is that there is no sudden development “blackout”; We remain biologically plastic and dynamic much longer than we thought. An opportunity for habits. This prolonged maturation is good news for all of us, since if the brain continues to actively ‘wire’ itself throughout our 20s, it means that structural plasticity is especially dynamic at this stage. In this way, science is quite clear: aerobic exercise, learning new languages ​​or facing cognitively demanding tasks during this “third decade” of life helps to improve the volume and organization of the brain’s white matter. On the contrary, factors such as chronic stress can affect the integrity of those connections. In short, a brain at 28 years old is not a finished product, but rather a work in progress that is finishing paving its best highways. The next time someone tells you that you should have your life figured out now because “you’re an adult,” you can tell them that, according to the University of Cambridge, your brain still has a couple of years of baking left. Images | Hal Gatewood Robina Weermeijer In Xataka | From 27 to 36 years old the brain reaches its peak concentration. And from there, bad news

Accessing our car’s mechanics has become increasingly complicated. BMW has thought of complicating it even more

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Do-it-yourself repairability of a vehicle is something that Over the years it has gotten worse. while the systems have become increasingly complicated. Therefore, it is not surprising that multiple manufacturers have chosen to design specific tools to access sensitive parts of the vehicle. In the case of BMW, a patent recently discovered Meanwhile, CarBuzz could make things even more complicated for those who want to have access to certain parts of your car. And the patent shows some screws with heads designed in the shape of the brand logo that require specific tools for handling. What is this about? The patent from BMW describes four different types of custom screw heads that replicate the brand’s circular emblem, divided into four quadrants. Two of these sections are recessed to accommodate the screwdriver, while the other two remain flat or raised. The design of this type of specific screws means that they cannot be manipulated with conventional tools such as Torx, hexagonal or Phillips, but rather requires parts manufactured specifically for BMW. Why BMW says it does. As the patent itself explains, the objective is “to prevent the screw from being loosened or tightened using common drive structures, for example, by unauthorized persons.” The company proposes its use in structural and semi-structural applications, such as seat anchors or joints between the passenger compartment and the supporting structure of the body. The intention is that these screws can be used in visible areas, since if we judge these screws from an aesthetic point of view, the truth is that molar is cool. The problem for workshops and owners. On the other hand, and addressing the central problem behind this decision, this would turn even the most basic maintenance tasks into mandatory visits to the official dealer or, at best, would force independent workshops to purchase exclusive BMW tools. Something that, on the other hand, is not so strange if we take a look at the history of many of the largest automobile groups. Just like account In the middle, working with a two-point system and the decorative ring taking up much of the surface of the screw would increase the risk of breaking the tools, especially in applications that require very hard fastening. It’s not the first time. German manufacturers have a long tradition of using specialized fasteners. Just like points out In the middle, Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz and BMW routinely use triple-square, oversized Torx or even E-Torx screws, which force mechanics to have specific tool sets. Against the current. The curious thing about it all is that this patent openly contrasts with the direction that other manufacturers are taking. Mercedes-Benz for example, its main rival, advertisement that would work on redesigning its future vehicles to facilitate repairs. An example of this is their decision to replace the glue with screws in the headlights to simplify their replacement. Just a piece of paper, for now. The patent was filed on June 7, 2024 and was made public on December 11, 2025. However, it is worth remembering that manufacturers register numerous patents that never materialize in series models. There is no confirmation that BMW will actually implement this system in its production vehicles. For now, this is only technical documentation. A general trend. Regardless of whether these specific screws are manufactured or not, the patent is yet another example of the progressive distancing of owners from the mechanics of their vehicles. With electrification and greater technological complexity, drivers they increasingly depend on specialized workshops for any intervention. It should also be noted that very few owners fix or modify their car on their own. Perhaps precisely because the systems have become increasingly more complicated to access. Cover image | Paul Martinez In Xataka | Ferdinand Porsche devised the first car with an electric motor in each wheel. Today a Chinese manufacturer is going to make it possible

If you thought that getting the DGT V-16 beacon right couldn’t be more complicated, the beacons with an expiration date have arrived.

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Buying an approved and fully valid connected V-16 beacon is relatively simple. Or, at least, it should be. Because to the list of products and companies that market a completely valid product are added the beacons that can continue to be sold… but that will no longer be able to be sold. Yes, the DGT has opened a new list… and now everything is more confusing. The approved V-16 beacons. So that a V-16 beacon is valid by the DGT and is completely approved, the product must meet a series of requirements. Among the most important are the following: Connectivity with DGT 3.0 for at least 12 years Radiate light 360 degrees Maintain irradiation intensity for at least 30 minutes Protection degree IP54 at least Guaranteed operation between -10ºC and 50ºC How do I check it? It must be taken into account that non-approved beacons are being sold on the market despite being completely legal… more or less. And when the arrival of the beacons was approved in 2021, we didn’t know anything about the DGT 3.0 platform. In 2023 it was confirmed that its connectivity with the platform would be mandatory but, by then, beacons without connectivity had already been sold. Right now, they are still on the market selling. These beacons are not valid. We can use them but the DGT will force us to have one approved. From FACUA they point out that there are beacons that are being sold with the DGT badge but that are not approved because they do not have connectivity. Despite everything, they are still on the market. In this situation, the only thing we can do is check if the purchased product is in this list offered by the DGT. It includes each and every one of the products that can be purchased that meets the minimum requirements. The new list of the DGT. Click on the image to go to the official website. Brands and models with certificates with expired validity. Everything seemed, therefore, hands or less clear when it came to purchasing a connected V-16 beacon of those that will be mandatory from January 1, 2026. Until the DGT has added a new list with the name indicated at the beginning of this paragraph: Brands and models with certificates with expired validity. In the description of the DGT to explain what these models are, why they are on this list and what it means, Traffic points out the following: This table shows the brands and models with expired certificates that covered their manufacture and are valid for use by drivers who have purchased them until the end of their useful life. At the time of writing these lines there are three products from the Ledel Solutions CO brand. LTD and another from Ditraimon SL All of them have an end of validity date of 2025. What does this mean? To try to clarify the matter, we have contacted the DGT who have told us the following: “They are beacons that met the requirements in the first approval, but when they went to renew the certificate and had to pass the tests again, they did not meet the required quality criteria” That is, we are talking about companies that have put a valid product on the market. That product, over time, has to pass quality tests again to certify that it continues to meet the minimum required criteria. It was in this second test that they failed and, therefore, lost the certificate that allows them to sell connected V-16 beacons unless they again present a pilot product that guarantees its validity. What if I have one of these beacons? The DGT has confirmed to us that there is no problem. From Traffic they point out that if we have bought or, right now, we buy any of these connected V-16 beacons that are on the market There is no problem because the production runs that have been made until the certificates were withdrawn are completely valid. In theory, we have a guaranteed 12 years of connected V-16 beacon from the moment of purchase, as required by the technical requirements to approve this product. More confusion and more questions. Of course, what is certain is that this new DGT list adds even more confusion to the consumer. And based on the description and the responses from Traffic, it is understandable that a customer may doubt whether their connected V-16 beacon is now valid or not. According to the DGT, we repeat, yes it is. Other questions also arise. If the companies and products that appear in this list as of December 26, 2025 were lost between the months of April and September, why has it not been published until now that they have lost the certificate? In theory and with the answers that Traffic has given us, the companies Ledel Solutions and Ditraimon have not been able to put on the market a new productive run of connected V-16 beacons once the date on which the certificate renewal has been denied has passed, but there is no problem in purchasing one of these products after this date if they were already on the market. Theoretically, they are guaranteed to operate for the required minimum 12 years. Photo | Netun Solutions and DGT In Xataka | Counterfeit V16 beacons: what you should look for to differentiate them from the approved ones

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