structure

A ghost fleet has mapped the entire submarine structure of the EU. The question is what Moscow will do with that information

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In January 2025 United Kingdom He raised his voice At the international level. The British Secretary of Defense, John Healy, explained that a nuclear submarine and two ships from Royal Navy had sighted a spy ship in the waters of the nation, and that it was the second time in just three months. The message did not stay there. The United Kingdom gave a name and a nation behind the incursion: Yantar and Russia. Now it has been discovered that the ship has been doing much more than that. The resurgence of a war. In recent months, NATO’s attention has moved to a less visible but increasingly critical front: the European seabed. The protagonist of this new concern is, again, The Yantara Russian spy ship that, disguised as a civil ship, toured during almost 100 days The waters of the Atlantic and the Mediterranean with an accurate objective: map and monitor the submarine cables on Europe and North America for their digital communications, their financial transactions, their energy and even their most sensitive military systems. We know all this Thanks to the Financial Timesthat after an investigation based on interviews with NATO naval officers and former members of the Russian north fleet, as well as in radar images of the European Space Agency, he has confirmed that the Yantar came to be located on critical cables in the sea of ​​Ireland and in front of Norway, on the strategic route to Svalbard. The role of Gugi. The Yantar operates under the orbit of the GLAVNOYE UPRAVLENIE GLUBOKOVODNIKH ISSLEDOVII (GUGI), the director of Deep Water Research created in the Cold War and known in the West as Military Unit 40056. Based on Olenya Guba, in the Kola Peninsula, this force is located on the border between the Russian Navy and military intelligence (Gru), dedicated less to science than to espionage. Gugi has about 50 platforms (From minisubmarines capable of reaching 6,000 meters deep to nodriza ships such as Yantar), designed to place sensors, manipulate or sabotage cables and, if necessary, destroy strategic infrastructure in a conflict scenario. Despite the blows suffered (such as the submarine fire Losharik in 2019 or the death of its historic boss by Covid), the organization has continued to receive resources Even in full war of Ukraine, which has allowed to commission new spy units. The Yantar The threat in the gray zone. The reactivation of Yantar’s missions Since the end of 2023 Indicates that Moscow has abandoned the initial caution he showed after invading Ukraine. Analysts like Sidharth Kaoushal (Rusi) They point that Russia has measured NATO’s red lines and is now more willing to take risks. The plans detected in the sea of ​​Ireland, where several cables converge that connect the United Kingdom and Ireland, fit into the Russian logic to act in The so -called “Gray Zone”: Operations of covert sabotage that do not equals an open military attack but can destabilize entire societies. In fact, Western Officers They warn That Moscow could, the case, cut energy or communications to force governments to the negotiation, or even alter the temporal signals that travel through the cables, with devastating effects in sectors such as high frequency financial trade. European vulnerability. The United Kingdom obtains the 99% of its communications Digital of submarine cables and three quarters of its gas through underwater pipelines. Ireland, which does not belong to NATO, is a particularly exposed point: cutting its connections would be to isolate it from the continent without directly attacking an allied member. He parliamentary report British of September 19 warned that the country “could not guarantee an attack or recover in an acceptable period,” also criticizing the fragmentation of responsibilities between ministries. In Denmark, the case of explosions of Nord Stream in 2022 evidenced the same bureaucratic dispersion. Although London has assigned the Royal Navy the mission of Protect these infrastructureexperts point out that the lack of anti -submarine frigates and patrol dependence limit the real response capacity. The Atlantic Bastion project. To close that gap, NATO and especially the United Kingdom they consider the creation of “Atlantic Bastion”: A defensive ring of sensors, submarine drones and acoustic stations in the seabed that reinforces the control of the Greenland-Islandia-Rio-Reinian corridor. Although the plan still lacks concrete financing, its need is increasingly evident. In parallel, surveillance ships such as The British proteus They rehearse with autonomous vehicles capable of documenting the activities of the Yantar and other GGI units, with the idea of ​​exhibiting public evidence and generating deterrence. Admiral Gwyn Jenkins, head of the Royal Navy, He warned This month that Gugi, after a period of relative stillness, “is returning.” Silent war. The activity From Yantar It is not an isolated case: between autumn of 2023 and November 2024, eleven Russian ships (military and supposedly civil) held a almost constant presence in British and Irish waters. Allied intelligence services suspect that Moscow already prepares sabotage scenarios against cables as a pressure measure on the countries that arm Ukraine. While until now these operations have been maintained under the threshold of the open confrontation, the possibility of Russia “turning off” the United Kingdom or Aisle Ireland is not a crazy hypothesis. As summarized Excapitan David Fields, former British naval aggregate in Moscow: “Russian military doctrine consists of hitting first, strong and where it hurts most, to prevent the enemy from even getting rid of war.” On that silent board, the Yantar has become the key piece of a underwater chess that threatens to redefine the limits of European security. Image | Defense ImageryAndrey Luzik In Xataka | A British nuclear submarine has discovered a Russian ship in front of its submarine cables. The second time in three months In Xataka | Research on submarine cables cut in the Baltic has taken a turn: it was not Russia, it was inexperience

The house that self -stated with its structure, copper and solar panels

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Origami is Japanese art to bend a role to create figures without using scissors or glue. Through the precision in the folds in a simple sheet it is possible to design unique structures. Following this millenary art, architect Adrian James has managed to design a copper house, giving rise to his house Copper Bottom. On a hill, the house is erected with geometric folds that combine aesthetics and functionality. This house not only defies conventional standards with their metallic structure and lining, but also embodies a vision of the possibility of living in a power plant. Short. The architect Adrian James has designed a house that combines a bold design with energy efficiency. In fact, Copper Bottom It generates more energy than it consumes. Together with his wife, Sarah Shekleton, They decided to leave their home In the Oxford center to build a house in a hill. In addition, as an architect, I wanted to demonstrate How an avant -garde design could integrate sustainability and comfort. How a power plant? Located near the city’s green belt, on a hill, you can see the architectural style both Romanesque and Gothic so characteristic of the city. However, this green house, which took 13 months to build, differs a lot of these styles and functionality. The architect sought energy efficiency so the roof of Copper Bottom It has 37 solar panels, a 20 kWh battery and a air heat pump. The infrastructure of the house is recycled copper, which helps to isolate the sun in summer and allows the passage of heat in winter, in addition, the shape of the house also fulfills a function, thanks to its angular shape it blocks the sun in summer and lets the light pass in winter, avoiding overheating without the need for air conditioning; With its bucket shape, optimize thermal insulation and reduce the waste of materials. Energy community and self -consumption. So far we have always talked about Self -consumption and Energy Community Like two antagonists, one thing or the other. However, the design proposed by the British architect makes both conjugate, since the electricity surplus generated by solar panels can be injected into the electricity grid, benefiting other consumers. It should be noted that in summer, the house generates more energy than it consumes, and the surplus is injected into the electricity grid, which even allows them to receive payments for it. Economic impact. The construction cost of the house was approximately 1.25 million pounds sterling (around 1.55 million euros), a budget that covered both the land and the building. A fairly high price if you have the 37 solar panels and the heat pump. However, this energy self -sufficiency translates into significant savings in electricity and heating invoices, which makes the initial investment more viable in the long term. However, if we have to talk about an investment recovery, it is estimated that carbon debt It will be amortized between 10 to 15 yearsa period that depends on the efficiency of energy systems and the amount of energy that is injected into the network. In addition, the house not only reduces operating costs but can also generate additional income by selling energy surplus to the electricity grid, offering a long -term tangible economic recovery. But isn’t it dangerous? According to The architectthe structure of Insulating panels and recycled copper make it resistant and lasting. In addition, copper is not corrode over time, which means that the house will not need maintenance in decades. Image | Adrian James Xataka | In full solar energy fever, someone is inventing jackets and umbrellas with perovskitas for self -consumption

There is a spiral structure surrounding the solar system

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Thousands of kilometers from our planet there are all kinds of mysteries to discover. Some we end up deciphering them, like that Strange television signal It takes years to solve, but others remain with that halo of singularity. In this group there is everything from Low intensity magnetarsuntil those radio bursts that we detect from time to time. And then there is Oort’s cloud, a fascinating region that has just revealed something surprising. A spiral in the confines. The edge of the solar system has long been a little explored, obvious border, since it is a vast and enigmatic territory full of ice cream that orbit at extreme distances. Over there, Oort’s clouda region that extends up to 100,000 astronomical units (UA) of the Sun, has been considered a simple sphere of debris Cosmic, but a recent computational study has placed it on the front page. The reason? An unexpected and fascinating structure has been revealed: A spiral structure similar to that of a miniature galaxy. The finding, directed by astronomer David Nesvorný of the Southwest Research Institute and Posted in The Astrophysical Journal After its diffusion on the ARXIV predimussion server, it reveals that the gravitational force of the Milky Way has shaped the internal Oort cloud in a spiral structure of 15,000 A diameter. This spiral, which has endured since the beginning of the solar system, Challenge the previous conceptions about the morphology of Oort’s own cloud and could redefine our understanding of the evolution of transneptunian objects. The composition of the Oort cloud. As far as we know, Oort’s cloud has traditionally divided into two regions. The external Oort cloud, located beyond 10,000 UA, is a spheroid of icy bodies that are weakly linked to the sun and suffers frequent gravitational disturbances of nearby stars. From this region come most of the long period comets, those who travel through the solar system in elliptical trajectories after being diverted by gravitational interactions. On the other hand, the internal Oort cloud is between 1,000 and 10,000 UA, and so far it was believed that it had a more stable and disk -shaped structure. Due to its proximity to the sun, the objects in this area They are more strongly linked to their gravity and are less susceptible to external star disturbances. However, the new computational models have revealed that their shape is not a uniform disc, but a spiral structure with twisted arms and an inclined disk about 30 degrees with respect to the ecliptic plane. The influence of the Milky Way. Apparently, the key to this unexpected morphology lies in the interaction of the internal Oort cloud with The so -called “galactic tide”a gravitational phenomenon generated by the Milky Way. This force, exerted by the gravitational attraction of the galactic center, nearby stars and possible black holes, especially affects the most distant regions of the solar system. He Model developed by Nesvorný And his team was prosecuted in NASA’s Pleiades Superordinateusing data on the formation of the solar system 4.6 billion years ago. During the simulation, the scientists introduced the gravitational influence of the Sun, the impact of galactic tide and interaction with the Milky Way. Results? It was found that The spiral was formed in the first hundred years after the creation of the Solar System and has remained stable since then, even resisting the nearby step of stars in the last millennia. Implications and challenges of finding. As the researchers say, one of the most surprising aspects of the study is that the spiral is not a temporary effect or a recent disturbance, but a permanent structure within the internal Oort cloud. Comparison with previous research suggests that this form has been present in multiple previous simulations, although it had not been identified so far. However, and this is underlined at work, confirming this structure through direct observations is little less than a monumental challenge. Reasons? The enormous distance and low luminosity of objects Oort’s cloud causes even the most advanced telescopes to be unable to detect them directly. In fact, most of the evidence of the Oort cloud comes from the study of long period comets, which limits the possibilities of characterizing its internal structure with precision. And despite these difficulties, scientists consider that this finding is A crucial step to understand the history of the Solar System. The spiral structure of the internal Oort cloud could provide clues about how the icy bodies in the confines of the solar system were formed and evolved, in addition to helping to understand the impact of the Milky Way in our cosmic neighborhood. A new horizon in exploration. No doubt, the discovery of this spiral structure in the internal Oort cloud challenges the traditional conception of the already enigmatic edge of the solar system, showing that The severity of the Milky Way has played a crucial role in its formation and evolution. The finding also reinforces the need to develop new methods of observation and space missions dedicated to exploring the regions farthest from the solar system. If you want also, it enhances the idea we already had, that Oort’s cloud is still an unexplored bordera cosmic file that retains the primitive history of the Solar System. As the researchers indicate, their study could reveal key information on the origin of comets, the dynamics of transneptunian bodies and the interaction of our planetary system with their galactic environment. Next to nothing. Image | DOLANH, NASA /ESA AND A. FEILD /SPACE TERESCOPE SCIENCE INSTITUTE In Xataka | For five years we have tried to decipher a television signal that came from the sky. Until now In Xataka | X -ray telescopes have revealed an unimaginable object: a superstructure of more than one billion light years

South Korea has found a great structure in the waters that is disputed with China. It is the second time, and Beijing does not deny it

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The conflict It began in the months of April and May 2024. In front of its coasts, in The yellow seaSouth Korea sighted a series of floating structures in the space that delimits the nation with China. From Beijing it was tried to reassure the neighbor explaining that what they saw only had fishing connotations, but no one escaped then that behind the movement could exist much more. New structures have turned on the spirits in Korea. A new dispute zone. As we said, a few weeks ago China began The construction of maritime infrastructure in the yellow seaa strategically crucial area between the Chinese Costa and the Korean Peninsula. The new facilities, A floating steel structure of more than 50 meters high and widewere detected by South Korean satellites, raising concerns that China is using the tactics of consolidating territorial claims through permanent constructions. With An area of ​​417,000 square kilometers, the yellow sea is rich in marine resources, oil and gaswhich makes it a key point of economic and geopolitical interest for both nations. Until now, South Korea has protested by the installation of Several structures since 2024claiming that these could be part of a major plan in China to exercise sovereignty over the area. In fact, the South Korean authorities believe that Beijing could build up to 12 of these structures, which would turn the area into a friction point into the already tense relations between both countries. China and its maritime tactics. The strategy of building permanent structures to affirm sovereignty is not new in Chinese politics. Moreover, Beijing has applied similar tactics in the South China Seawhere has transformed reefs into military bases And he has claimed jurisdiction on disputed waters with the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia and other countries. Everything indicates that the strategy seems to spread to the yellow sea, with direct implications for South Korea and its allies (Particularly, the United States). What does China say. We said it at the beginning. Chinese officials They have tried to minimize controversyalways describing these facilities as “fishing support infrastructures”but the South Korean security community fears that they are advanced for an eventual statement of Chinese sovereignty. In the words of Sang Hun Seokformer South Korean Diplomatic and Security Analyst, “these facilities act as the maritime equivalent of boots on the ground, establishing a physical presence that China will then use to consolidate their claims.” The provisional measures zone. The truth is that the yellow sea has been a historical dispute area between China and South Korea. In 2001, Both countries established the one known as the provisional measures zone (PMZ) to administer the area of ​​exclusive economic zones (ZEE) and avoid confrontations, delimiting fishing rights and prohibiting new constructions or the exploitation of resources until reaching a permanent agreement. Under it, the two nations are prohibited from building infrastructure or exploiting resources beyond fishing if the other does not agree. What happens? What South Korea He has repeatedly denounced for years that China has ignored these restrictionsallowing their fishermen to operate illegally in the South Korean Zee. Said dispute has even led to violent clasheswith South Korean maritime patrols shooting against Chinese vessels on more than one occasion. Hence, the construction of permanent structures is now seen as a new level of provocation, as it could sit a precedent that Weakens the capacity of South Korea to assert your maritime rights. The elephant in the room: USA. He Mutual Defense Pact between South Korea and the United States makes this dispute just a bilateral issue. With 28,000 American soldiers parked in South Koreaany Chinese movement that alters the strategic balance in the region could attract Washington’s attention. Until now, Americans have maintained a containment approach against Chinese expansion in the Indo-Pacific, particularly in the South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait, but but The yellow sea could become a new piece on the game board. Dispute with historical roots. From the Chinese perspective, Yellow Sea control has a strategic and symbolic weight. The reason? In the last 200 years, The great battles that defined the history of China were fought in this regionfrom the Opium wars until The Sino-Japanese war. Under this perspective, Beijing’s official narrative considers these wars as a historical humiliation imposed by foreign powers, and recovering absolute control over its coast is seen as part of the restoration of his “historical law”. The Chinese argument to reject an equitable division of the ZEE with South Korea is based on the fact that Its population and their coast are significantly largerso they believe that the dividing line should favor them. On the other sidewalk, South Korea and its allies defend the principle of the “midpoint”, according to which the maritime border should be drawn equally between both countries. And where do it leads to us? It is the big question. Of course, so far the dispute has not reached the seriousness of the Conflict in the South China Sea or the Eastern China Sea, where the Asian nation maintains confrontations with the Philippines and Japan respectivelybut the situation could quickly intensify if Beijing continues to expand its presence. It would not really be “so much.” If South Korea, with the support of the United States, decides to directly challenge these constructions, we could see a new front of tensions in the Indo-Pacific. Perhaps for this reason, at this time the great unknown is to know how far South Korea will allow (and its alliance with the United States) that Chinese tactics advance before taking more forceful measures. Image | Grid-AendalNASA In Xataka | The US and China Liby ‘Chips War’. Now South Korea prepares for ‘The War of Memoirs’ In Xataka | China has discovered an advantage to win the career career to the US: a “bubble” in its defense

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