solve

AI is already our best ally to solve the mathematical problems that seem impossible

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The applications of the artificial intelligence (AI) are presumably unlimited. Beyond the daily uses with which many of us are already familiar with the design of drugs, Disease diagnosisthe OPTIMIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES or the Analysis of physical or chemical mechanisms complexes, among other options. It is even being used to solve mathematical problems of enormous difficulty. In addition, algorithms that use deep neuronal networks and Automatic learning They are designed to identify complex patterns in large volumes of information, which allows them to recognize images, voice or process natural language greatly. AI has reached our lives, and it is clear that it will stay, but the most surprising thing is that it is consolidating as an extremely valuable tool in relatively exotic fields. It is possible that AI helps us solve the mathematical problems of the millennium In October 2024 Goal AIMeta’s artificial intelligence, managed to generalize Lyapunov’s function. The Russian mathematician Aleksander Lyapunov proposed the concept of the function that bears his name in 1892. His work is a very important tool in the study of dynamic systems, but mathematicians have since struggled to find a general method that allows identifying the functions of Lyapunov. And they have not been successful. However, goal has had it. Our mathematical knowledge will no longer be limited by intuition and human capacity The strategy used by the company led by Mark Zuckerberg to solve the challenge of Lyapunov’s functions has consisted of training an AI model to recognize patterns and relationships between certain dynamic systems and its corresponding functions of Lyapunov. This is precisely what is good for AI. And it is a huge success because our mathematical knowledge will no longer be limited for intuition and human capacity. The AI ​​puts in our hands a new way of addressing complex mathematical problems, identifying patterns that a priori remain hidden for the human being. However, in the field of mathematics AI still has to improve to help us solve the great challenges that the human being has ahead. Sergei Gukov, professor of theoretical physics and mathematics at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), leads a team of researchers who is looking for ways to use AI to solve advanced mathematical problems that require thousands, millions, or even billions of steps. These scientists are currently working on The conjecture of Andrews-Curtisa group combinatorial theory proposed 60 years ago. They have not yet managed to solve the main conjecture, but with the help of AI they have achieved something important: they have refuted several families of problems related to the conjecture of Andrews-Curtis and known as counterexamples that have remained open for more than 25 years. Gukov acknowledges that Current AI models have important limitations When facing very complex mathematical problems, but you hope that in the future this technology allows the human being to solve Mathematical Millennium Problems. According to this mathematician, the best asset that researchers have to face this challenge is to instruct AI by resorting to Reinforcement learning. Image | Generated by Xataka with Dall-e More information | IEEE Spectrum In Xataka | These two problems have baffled mathematicians for decades. A genius has solved them with a stroke

Finland has a problem with renewables. You will solve it by building a storage megabattery

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Finland has experienced A rapid growth of wind energy, becoming the second source of electricity in the country. However, the Nordic country is presented with a challenge with the characteristic intermission in this type of sources. Finland has found a great solution to this problem. The largest in the country. A new battery storage project It has been approved Em Nivala, Finland. The companies in charge will be Locus Energy of Seb Nordic Energy and Ingrid Capacity AB, and the construction begins immediately. An expansion of renewables. Finland has not taken into account the intermission of wind after of his great betwhich It has caused fluctuations In electricity prices. During periods of excess production, prices can reach negative levels, which forces us to pay more. To give an example, last year, 725 hours were recorded with negative prices, compared to only five hours in 2021, exceeding 455 hours from Germany and other European countries, according to data from Aurora Energy Research that Bloomberg has had access. For this reason, this has generated an urgent need to store the surplus of electricity, and the batteries are presented as a solution. How will it be. The project will be 70 megawatts, which means that you can supply approximately 70,000 to 140,000 homes for an hour. The system will store that energy and release it when necessary, working for two hours at full capacity. The construction will begin immediately, and it is expected to be operational in the second half of 2026. But this is not the only one. Finland has been investigating storage for a while, because the government has established The goal of being totally neutral in carbon by 2035. In fact, it was in Finland when he began to experience With sand batterieswhich offer a long -term storage solution. Growth. Finland has joined a trend that many countries already adopt and that have found in storage the response to combat the intermission of renewable energies. In fact, it is expected that by 2035 the new battery facilities will multiply by 10. In a Ránking of nations, for the moment China is in the leadfollowed by the United States, then the rest stays in Europe with Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom. In The Spanish case Before the lack of sufficient batteries to store energy efficiently, Spain has resorted to its reservoirs. From a hydraulic pumping system it has managed to store energy. In fact, in the last 15 years, Spain has doubled the amount of energy stored through this method, which has allowed to better manage the intermission of renewable energies and optimize the use of clean energy sources. Bet on wind, and nuclear? Despite the growth of wind energy in Finland, the country Keep betting by nuclear energy because it is a constant source of electricity. In addition, Finland has advanced in the safe storage of nuclear waste, with The onkalo deposit to manage long -term waste. However, the country’s goal is to diversify its energy sources and has found in energy storage a solution to balance the variability of renewables and ensure stable supply. Image | Kallerna Xataka | Research on submarine cables cut in the Baltic has taken a turn: it was not Russia, it was inexperience

Some microbiologists have taken 10 years to solve a problem. The AI ​​has solved it in two days

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Professor José R. Penadés and his Imperial College team in London had been working on a way of demonstrating how certain superbacteria are immune to antibiotics. After all that time they had finally achieved a conclusion in this regard. They recently dedicated to give AI a chance to solve the same problem. They got a surprise. Ten years they, 48 hours the AI. The scientists used a new Google AI tool called co-scientist to provide a brief prompt asking him about the essential problem they had been investigating for ten years. The AI ​​reached the same conclusion as them, but it took only 48 hours to reach it. And the AI ​​did not know the response in advance. One of the important details here is that AI could not have found out the solution looking for it on the Internet. Penadés and her team had not published the study, so Co-Scientist could not find the answer because it was not public domain. “I need to digest it”. The Penadés Professor He indicated in BBC How he learned that AI had reached the same conclusion in just two days. “I was shopping with someone, and I said,” Please leave me only one hour, I need to digest this. ” no. I could have saved years. Even considering the AI ​​solution as a hypothesis when they started working on the problem, having it would have saved years of work, Penadés explained. But it was the AI ​​went further. In fact, Google tool had done more than replicating its research. “It was not only that the hypothesis he provided was correct. He provided another four, and all of them made sense. And in one of the cases, he never occurred to us, and now we are working on it.” A for superbacteria. The study tried to reveal how some superbacteria are created that are resistant to antibiotics. The hypothesis proposed that superbacterial can form a tail from different viruses, and that allows them to spread between species. It is as if they had the “keys” to move from one place to another and “enter” different guests. That is the same hypothesis that Co-Scientist arrived in 48 hours. “This will change science”. For the Penadés professor “this will change science, sure.” Tools like this, says, “give the opportunity to play a great game. I feel as if I was finally playing a Champions League match with this.” And there I don’t know the thing: Evo 2 arrives. This discovery binds to launch these days of Evo 2the most large biology -oriented model so far. A group of researchers from the universities of Berkeley, Stanford, the ARC Institute, the UCSF and NVIDIA have trained an AI model with 9.3 billion nucleotides (from which DNA chains are created) from 128,000 Complete genomes. Thanks to this model it is possible to precisely predict all types of genetic mutations. Image | Wikimedia In Xataka | Some engineers have simulated 500 million years of evolution with an AI. Now we have a fluorescent protein

Madrid only produces 4.8% of the energy it consumes, but has found a place to solve it: the subsoil

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In 1980, a group of geologists set out to investigate the depths of Madrid and I did not speak of the Movebut discover if under its soil there was oil. The black gold fever had reached the Castilian plateau. However, what seemed like a dream of energy self -sufficiency ended up opening the door to unexpected energy. Today, that story continues to be written, but with a turn that nobody anticipated. The search. One of the first and most serious drilling attempts was the one made by Shell in 1980 in the well known as “El Pradillo-1” where no hydrocarbons were found. At that time the Spanish capital dreamed of becoming an oil city attentive to the prevalence of fossil fuel above other alternatives at that time not yet sufficiently exploited. More than 3,500 meters deep, engineers did not find oil but very valuable data about the subsoil temperature, which gave rise to the exploration of geothermal energy. Thus, They found a geothermal aquifer with temperatures between 70ºC and 90ºC at depths that range between 1,500 and 2,150 meters. Over the years, More perforations were performed In nearby areas, such as three songs, San Sebastián de los Reyes and Geomadrid-1, where multicapa aquifers found with temperatures to produce geothermal energy. Although exploitation has not yet been developed on a large scale, investigations continue, and this renewable resource is expected to be used in the future as an alternative energy source in Madrid. Among the pros of this discovery, intrinsic characteristics of this type of clean energy that are based on the use of heat stored in groundwater stand out to generate electricity and for homes. But why isn’t it exploited? Despite the discovery of a significant geothermal potential in the Madrid subsoil, the exploitation of this energy source has not yet developed on a large scale Due to several factors Among those that include, in the first place, the high cost of initial investigations and perforations, the infrastructure necessary to take advantage of the heat of the subsoil efficiently, such as the construction of geothermal plants and water reinjection systems. Energy comes from other communities. Madrid only produces 4.8% of the energy it consumes. This fact only represents the urgency that the Autonomous Community should have to resolve the scarce of alternatives to meet its domestic demand. At present, the ranquin between the communities that more depends on the energy of other areas. If the Madrid region will diversify its energy mix through the use of geothermal energy, not only would it increase its self -sufficiency, but also contribute to a more balanced energy model between the different autonomous communities with economic redundancies throughout the country. In addition, it would lead to rethinking The installation of data centersamong other alternatives, and would reduce Energy generation concentration In certain areas of the country, the pressure on energy transport and distribution infrastructures, which would benefit the entire national energy system by reducing the carbon footprint. The forecasts. With the progress of drilling technologies and improvements in thermal use systems, such as geothermal heat pumps, Madrid could already be able to begin to take advantage of their geothermal resources more efficiently. This is what the Basque Country has done with Geothermal rings at the university. Another possible alternative is to take an example to Iceland, which has turned geothermal energy at the base of its energy model, representing 66% of the total primary energy consumption of the country. Image | Unspash and Unspash Xataka | Huelva has been the forgotten industrial pole of Spain for decades. We are realizing the consequences

The paradox that 150,000 million euros will try to solve

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Europe has announced An investment of 150,000 million euros in AI for the next five years, in an attempt not to be left behind the United States and China. The plan, the EU AI Champions Initiativeit is fixed to five years and is behind twenty investors. The announcement comes In the middle of AI in Pariswhere European leaders are showing a radical change in their speech on the regulation of the sector. The unexpected turn. The EU, pioneer to regulate the AI ​​with its Law of AI almost a year agonow it seems to regret having been too restrictive. President Macron has gone from Adalid of the regulation to defender of a more competitive European AI, criticizing the “punitive” norms that could stop the development of the sector. The advance of Mistralmacron countryman, it can be a good reason for this change of posture. France will invest additional 109,000 million euros. Between the lines. The European paradox in AI is quite evident: According to EU startupsnine of the ten most used open source AI models are European … … But no European company is among the giants of the sector, almost monopolized by the United States. Millionaire investment seeks to monetize that talent before it is late. That is, this is a macroinversion that does not only prolong development, but also monetize the existing one, build commercial and profitable products for the models already launched. The context. The pressure increases on several fronts: China has surprised the world and punch on the table with Deepseekdemonstrating that you can compete with less resources, and very well. The great American technology have approached the horizon of the AGI to one or two years seen. European regulation It could be born obsolete In a world that changes a lot from one quarter to another. Deepen. The European Plan represents a paradigm shift: from leader in regulation to actor that seeks not to be left behind. The question is if 150,000 million and a spin in the speech will be enough to compete in a race where others have been advantage for years. And there is another risk: that Europe, in its hurry to recover lost time, ends up abandoning the ethical principles that have characterized it so far, without achieving the objective of creating technological giants capable of competing with the United States and China. That is: lose your identity in bucket. In Xataka | You are likely to trust the AI ​​of the future than the current ones. The reason: they are showing us how they think Outstanding image | Ledingus with Midjourney

We tell you what we know and how to solve it

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The problems begin. On February 2, Movistar clients They started reporting incidents in the service. Some users such as Daniel Galán indicated that “it seems that Movistar is blocking the connections to websites (among them mine) who use Cloudflare or are having routing problems. It occurs only with fiber, from mobile networks it does not happen. In other companies it works perfectly. Is something known? ” The problem seems to affect only fiber connections, since from the mobile those affected could access those services. Operators such as Digi also seem to have given problems in recent days, According to networks. Confusing answers. One of Movistar’s technicians replied in the forum indicating that “we can assure you that Movistar does not make website blockages.” Some users indicated in X how to Movistar He temporarily activated them Unlimited data in your mobile lines. Another indicated days later that “we are presenting a problem in the relationship with these servers and the routing to access certain pages on the web, about the problem we already have proof of this and we hope to solve it as soon as possible, any novelty in this regard we will do it to you know” “At the end of football, everything returns to normal”. The problem, confirmed other members of the Movistar community, affected various websites apparently housed in Cloudflare. Among them are blogs, various services And even some Github repositories Like those who stay AI models to download and use with Ollama. It was mentioned how there were even problems to access Platforms such as Telegram, Instagram or Bluesky. A user indicated that “casually, at the end of the (…) soccer of the (…) worked again everything perfectly.” Others commented the same in the Movistar community forum. It is speculated with football and IPTV. In recent days it has been speculated with the potential reason for these problems, which would be in measures to try to avoid access to IPTV platforms that among other things issue LaLiga matches. Precisely this organism He announced yesterday that “Duckvision, a pirate platform that offered illegal access to live sports content, among them the Spanish competition, to more than 200,000 people only in Spain.” In that statement they also highlighted how “Google, Cloudflare, VPNS and other agents involved in piracy consumption acquire responsibility for the illegal actions that are allowing and from which they profit.” Economic damage. The problems were not only limited to the customers of these operators could not access certain websites, but to the fact that some users have companies with web sites and services that depend on that connectivity. So Ángel Gaitan indicateda well -known automotive expert youtuber. “Everything I have not sold today to all those customers of Movistar (who could not access their website), who pays me?” An analysis tries to reveal the problem. As they point out In Bandanchaan analysis by one of its users details something else the potential problem. When using “probes” in Ripe Atlas you can see how only concrete IP addresses of Cloudflare are affected, but not adjacent, which points according to this analysis to an intentional blockade. IP 104.21.48.1 is owned by Cloudflare, but is used to serve hundreds of web that share it. When trying to access with a Movistar IP, the route is interrupted. A code appears from other operators such as Orange that warns that a website is being blocked by the competent authority. Cloudflare and the ECH. In October 2023, our genbeta companions already They talked to us of a mechanism that tries to avoid filtering systems of the operators that take these types of measures. It is called ECH (Encrypted Client Hello) and Cloudflare integrated it in their services precisely on those dates. It is an extension of the TLS protocol that is part of the data to “limit access to the information of a private user when you access your website.” Operators have more difficult to block services more specifically, but they can still block full access to that “central” IP that actually emphasizes many web sites and services. The only safe solution: Use a VPN. Those affected who managed to solve the problem did so thanks to the use of A VPN connection that allowed to avoid the blockade of the affected websites. That allows to camouflage the IP of origin to avoid being shown as an IP from Movistar and gives access to these services. What Movistar and Digi say. In Xataka we have contacted those responsible for Movistar/O2 and Digi, but for now we have not received an additional response or clarifications about these problems. We will update this information in case of receiving new data. In Xataka | LaLig

Siberia stays in the dark good of winter. In 1988, Russia had an idea to solve it: mirrors in space

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Towards the end of World War II, Some documents in Life magazine They revealed one of the many ideas that Hitler’s Nazi Germany had: a kind of solar projectile through A giant orbital mirror to destroy enemies or even whole cities. Obviously that never happened, but decades later it served as a slight inspiration for a Russian scientist who started from a fascinating idea: how could we extend the hours of the day? Convert the night. The truth is that the background idea is not new. Over the years, Humanity has sought to extend the day (Understood as day and light) with technological tools, from electric light to digital communications. However, in the 1990s, a group of Russian scientists tried to take this concept to the extreme: launch huge space mirrors to reflect sunlight towards the earth and prolong the day. Vladimir Syromyatnikov. The project we are talking about was directed by Vladimir Syromyatnikovone of the most influential space engineers in historyknown by Develop the ship’s coupling mechanism which is still used at the International Space Station. During the 80s, his interest focused on The design of solar candles that could use solar radiation To propel ships through space. However, in postsoviet Russia, obtaining financing for space projects required clear economic justification. Thus, Syromyatnikov reformulated his idea and presented it as One way to illuminate Siberia’s arctic regions during the dark winter monthsincreasing productivity in agriculture and industry. Yeah, I would try to turn on the sun for the polar regions of Russia After the night fell. Image of Znamya Znamya and his brief success. In 1988, Syromyatnikov founded the Space Regata Consortiumwith the support of Roscosmos and several state companies. His motto was very clear: “Diury light all night.” The idea not only promised to reduce electric lighting costs, but also Facilitate rescue in disasters, military operations and night construction projects. The first prototype, Znamya 2, He was sent to space in February 1993 aboard the progress M-15 ship and subsequently deployed from the MIR Space Station. Once in orbit, he began to turn to deploy its reflective surface. The mirror, 20 meters in diameter, achieved the feat of Reflect a beam of light equivalent to that of a full moon, illuminating an area of ​​5 km in diameter while crossing Europe and Russia 8 km per second, even Astronauts in Mir confirmed that they could follow the flash from space. The problem? The reflected light was more diffuse than expected and difficult to controland the weather was not taken into account. Plus: The cloudiness prevented the majority of observers on land to notice. Hours later, The mirror disintegrated by re -entering the atmosphere. ZNeamya 2.5. Despite its short duration, the experiment showed that the concept was viable, which promoted Znamya 2.5 planningwith a larger mirror and the ability to maintain the beam of light on a fixed point. Thus, in 1999 this second version was launched with A 25 meter diameter mirror. This time, when deploying, one of his fine sheets became entangled in an antenna from the Progress ship, tear the structure. The attempts to free her failed and the mirror had to be exorbitantburning in the atmosphere. The next step would be Znamya 3, with a 70 -meter mirror, capable of illuminating entire cities. What happened? That The failure of Znamya 2.5 and the lack of financing buried Syromyatnikov’s project and dream. In addition, the opposition of astronomers and environmentalists grew, arguing that Space mirrors could alter natural cyclesaffect astronomical observation and confuse wildlife. A man and his tireless search for light. Despite the failure, Syromyatnikov continued looking for financing to build a permanent mirro system. We talk about An estimated project of 340 million dollars. His vision was a world where cities would not need artificial light and the days had no nights. However, investors lost interest and the project was abandoned. Syromyatnikov continued his work on coupling systems until his death In 2006, dedicating his days to work without rest, in an ironic parallelism with his obsession with eliminate The night. The legacy. If you want, that was also the end of a space “exploration.” In any case, much less the background idea is over. Today, the idea of ​​taking advantage of sunlight from space has resurfaced In the investigation of orbital solar plantsthe same as They could send energy to Earth through microwave. However, Znamya is still a reminder of the limits of technology and the need to respect natural cycles. Russia’s attempt to convert the night and enlighten Siberia in winter was both a demonstration of human ingenuity and an experiment that, in the end, crashed with the laws of nature and resistance of the modern world. Image | QSI/MIR In Xataka | The Nazi plan to build a huge space mirror with which enemies and the Russian project that (almost) makes it a reality In Xataka | A secret simulator of the Cold War led to the US and Russia to a nuclear war. Since then they know what the red line is

Hotels televisions are very limited. LG and Samsung want to solve it in a very simple way

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Hotel televisions serve for rather little. As a general rule, these screens serve to see a handful of channels that may not be interested in theme or language, or to consult information about the hotel. Be that as it may, the reality is that if we want to see something before sleeping we depend quite the mobile, the tablet or the laptop. How to solve it? Very easy: activating Google Cast, something that LG and Samsung You will do on your televisions from now on. Hotels and TVS. As a general rule, the televisions that we find in the hotels have activated the “Hospitality mode” or “Hotel Mode”. This mode serves to apply the same configuration to many televisions and limit functions such as the maximum volume, the canal list, the configuration menu, the installation of apps or Access to the HDMI port. On some occasions, the HDMI block is as simple as hitting the television to the wall. Reasons for using this mode? Several. One is clear and it is to prevent some guests can bother others by putting the highest TV of the account, for example. Another is to prevent the user from being discharged, log in and forget about closing it and another, no less obvious, is that if the hotel has a system of Pay Per View open the HDMI port or the casting It means losing money. The counterpart is that the host can be forgotten to connect a Fire TV stick or a chromect, a laptop or even a console that is the case. There are guides To unlock televisions, but perhaps it is not interesting to expose something wrong and you have to give explanations to the establishment. Image | Unspash The Korean proposal. If the user wants to see something on TV, what less than to give him the option. Thus, LG and Samsung have chosen to open Google Cast on their next hotels. These will be presented at the ISE 2025 in a few days. This technology is already commonly used in all homes and, basically, allows content to be broadcast on the TV just by clicking a button. Google Cast adds to Apple Airplay, technology that reached TVs for LG hotels in 2023. General recommendations. Be that as it may, it should not be forgotten that hotels wifi networks may not be so safe and/or robust as the network of our house. So, It is convenient to use a VPN whenever possible and avoid entering personal information. Cover image | Unspash In Xataka | The new hotels record promises that they will not ask us for more data. Nor the hoteliers themselves are convinced

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