Russia has been advancing at a snail’s pace in Ukraine for months. That’s about to change because of one season: summer.

During World War II, many commanders discovered that a simple station could completely alter the rhythm of a military campaign: on the eastern front, the arrival of spring turned roads and fields into seas of mud capable of immobilizing tanks for weeks, while summer suddenly reopened enormous corridors of advance for both armies. The war that no longer advances as before. I counted the weekend the new york times that for months, the Kremlin has tried to sell the idea that a Russian victory in Ukraine is only a matter of time, pressuring even Trump and Western negotiators with the argument that kyiv Donbas will end up losing inevitably. However, on the ground the reality is much less spectacular. Russia has been advancing at a snail’s pace practically all year, to the point that, maintaining the current pace, it would take decades to completely occupy the region whose surrender it demands to negotiate peace. The problem is that this apparent paralysis can be misleading. Both Ukrainian commanders and military analysts carry weeks warning that summer is slowly changing the conditions of the front: the dry terrain allows the use of motorcycles and light vehicles to recover, the vegetation offers coverage against drones and Russian infiltrations are beginning to gain effectiveness after extremely difficult months for Moscow. The front is a drone war. The great transformation of this phase of the war is that Russia can no longer advance as in previous conflicts. Massive assaults with armored columns have become too vulnerable in a field of battle saturated by dronessensors and constant surveillance. Every movement is exposed from the air and any concentration of troops can be quickly destroyed. That has forced Moscow to completely modify its tactics. Now small groups of soldiers predominate slowly infiltratingon foot or on motorcycles, trying to open gradual gaps within a huge “gray zone” where control of the territory is no longer clear for either side. In other words, the conflict is looking less and less like a conventional war and more like a technological competition permanent between drones, electronic warfare and improvised survival systems. Russia makes little progress, but continues to push. The big problem for Ukraine is that even these minimal advances remain generating constant wear. Russia has suffered huge human lossesrecruitment problems and technological difficulties, including communications restrictions and obstacles to coordinate your drones. However, the Kremlin appears to have accepted that a slow and costly war remains preferable to launching large, risky offensives that could end in failure. In places like Pokrovsk or Chasiv YarMoscow has been fighting for years without managing to definitively break the front, but it has not retreated decisively either. Their troops infiltrate little by little, occupy temporary positions and turn huge areas of Donbas into spaces impossible for either army to completely control. The sensation is that of heavy, slow and damaged machinery that still continues advancing meter by meter. Summer is coming. That’s where it comes into play the seasonal factor which worries kyiv so much. During the mud and cold, Ukrainian drones have been especially effective at detecting Russian movements over open terrain. But the arrival of summer changes part of those dynamics. Trees and vegetation make aerial surveillance difficult, dry routes allow faster movement, and small Russian units find more opportunities to infiltrate without being immediately detected. In fact, Ukrainian officials recognize that Russian operations are already showing signs of improvement and that offensive activity is intensifying along the front. This is not yet a large mechanized offensive like those at the beginning of the war, but something much more disturbing: a constant pressure and diffuse design designed to exploit any weakness accumulated after years of wear. Between wear and tear and negotiation. All this greatly complicates international negotiations. Putin needs keep the image of a Russia advancing towards victory to pressure Ukraine and convince the United States that time is on the Kremlin’s side. But the real data show an exhausted army, enormous human losses and a front that barely moves. At the same time, Ukraine also does not have a comfortable situation: suffers from personnel shortages, desertions and difficulties in sustaining such a technological and costly war indefinitely. That’s why summer worries so much on both sides. Not because it will produce an immediate definitive rupture, but because it may slightly alter the balance of a war that has been trapped for months in a kind of lethal stalemate. And in a conflict where every kilometer costs thousands of lives, even small changes in the terrain, vegetation or climate They can end up having enormous strategic consequences. Image | Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 7th Army Training Command In Xataka | While we all look at Iran, something is moving in the Arctic Circle: Russia is sending bombers with missiles In Xataka | To achieve the milestone of building the largest drone industry without China, Ukraine has found an explosive ally: Taiwan

the Dutch philosopher convinced that saving snails is saving ourselves

Before the arrival of Westerners, in Hawaii there were more than 700 species of snails that were nowhere else. Since then, these Pacific islands have suffered all the human processes that have existed and to have occurred: from the most orthodox colonization to a totally accelerated globalization through rapid urbanization, intense militarization and tourism, a lot of tourism. The result can be summarized in just one figure: today, 60% of those snails have become extinct and those who remain are in frank decadence. Chronicle of many foretold deaths. By the early 20th century, populations were decimated, but still abundant. The boom in rats in the archipelago, the rapid changes in habitats and, above all, the arrival of the pink wolf snail (a foreign predator) have meant that the 200 or 300 species that survive do it in very isolated areas or, directly, only in ‘conversation labs‘. In one of them, in a trailer on the outskirts of Kailua and in the care of David Sischo, director of the snail extinction prevention program of the state, lived George (the last known individual of the species Achatinella apexfulva). He died there on January 1, 2019. That shocked those who were in the archipelago and, among them, Thom van Dooren. The cuckoo species trap. This professor of environmental humanities at the University of Sydney was dedicated to the study of everything that birds could teach us, he realized George’s trick. The same trap as Sudan or what other animals. He realized that “There is value in saving charismatic speciesamong other things because they are very useful for raising awareness among the population and raising funds. But, as recently explained in an interview“we cannot forget that mass extinction also and above all affects invertebrates, which constitute 99% of animal life and are essential for pollination, soil fertilization or the nutrient cycle.” What we can learn from snails. For van Dooren, what the snails are “slowly and gently” teaching us is to think in the long term, to use the forces of others and to understand that if we do not think about the systemic (the preservation of habitats), we will have to fight very difficult battles one by one (apply “violent care” to species to avoid their extinction) But, above all, it gives us three very specific ideas: Being late is a problem: if we act when the problem is already “stopped”, everything is more difficult. If we have to ‘triar’, we have already arrived late: When we put ourselves in “emergency mode” we have to prioritize what can be saved over other considerations because we have limited time and resources. And intensive interventions do not fix the cause: we can rescue, replace, conserve… but if we do not change the underlying pressures we are only postponing the end. Snails can teach us precisely that: that at the end of the day, the important thing is to be clear about what we want and value. From there, it’s time to act accordingly. If not, we are condemned to live in our particular ‘Noah’s ark’. Image | Marina Grynykha | BBVA In Xataka | They identify the smallest species of land snail in the world: it is around 0.5 mm high and its discoverers needed brushes and a microscope

A simple gene can send a divine punishment to the snails: turn them into “left -handed”

It is estimated that Something more than 10% of the world population is left. Today, this does not usually involve greater inconveniences, but there are animals that have a more problematic asymmetry: snails. Left -handed snails. Most snails share the direction in which their snail draws its spiral characteristic that revolves in the direction of the clock needles. But there is a very small population of snails whose shells develop in reverse. The reason It seems to be In a small genetic variation. The snails that develop their shell symmetrically to the rest are usually called them as “left -handed snails”, but if we had to look for a more precise human analogue we tended to go to the condition to which which We call SITUS INVERSUS. People with this condition, also of genetic origin, develop one or more organs on the “incorrect” side, for example they can have the heart to the right and the liver to the left. This condition occurs in around one person in 10,000 and rarely generates disorders, but in the case of these mollusks, the investment of their snail can cause problems, for example, making it difficult to reproduce these animals. A vital gene. Understanding the genetics responsible for change in these animals is important since it can give us clues about the evolution that was modeling the different genera and gastropod species. According to Explain the team Responsible for discovering the main gene involved in this differentiation, throughout the evolution, these changes resulted in the appearance of new species, something striking when it comes to mutations that hinder reproduction. Laboratory snails. The team conducted its study with a variant of snails of the species Bradybaena Similaris. The variant has the characteristic of presenting a high prevalence of “left -handed” snails, almost half of the specimens are born with this characteristic. The team compared the genes of the mice born with shells that turned to either side. They discovered that the main difference was in a gene, Diaph, but not in the gene itself but in its expression. The details of the study were published In an article In the magazine Zoological Letters. Jeremy’s curious case. Perhaps the most famous snail to present this anomaly was a British snail nicknamed Jeremy in honor of politician Jeremy Corbyn, the leftist politician who was twice a candidate for prime minister in the United Kingdom. Jeremy was the protagonist of another investigation whose results postulated an alternative hypothesis to genetics based. The team responsible for the study concluded, after gathering numerous specimens such as Jeremy so that they could reproduce between them, that the change obeyed external forcesnot by genetic inheritance but for accidents in development. The study, Posted in 2020 In the magazine Biology Lettersreminds us that we will still have to investigate these mollusks, their genetics and their development, if we want to know exactly what phenomenon is behind this unique characteristic of a small amount of snails and, above all, of its implications. In Xataka | They identify the smallest land snail species: Round 0.5 mm high and its discoverers needed brushes and microscope Image | Angus Davison

Log In

Forgot password?

Forgot password?

Enter your account data and we will send you a link to reset your password.

Your password reset link appears to be invalid or expired.

Log in

Privacy Policy

Add to Collection

No Collections

Here you'll find all collections you've created before.