More and more young in Spain turn to laser machines to erase tattoos

There are situations that are no longer forever, even if you record them with ink. Although a third of the young Spaniards carries at least one tattooa trend in social networks It is showing that it is increasingly common to erase what one day was permanent. The “forever.” That is one of the most common phrases when you get a tattoo: “Are you sure? It’s forever.” In recent years, tattoos have popularized so much that Spain occupies The sixth place in the world With more tattooed people, and any event It looks like a good idea. However, according to A study by Lutronic PBSManufacturer of medical-aesthetic laser devices, in our country 60% of the people who tattoo regret it. The most common profile in this trend are women between 35 and 50 years old. And it is not an isolated phenomenon: An American investigation Pew Research showed that one in four people regrets at least one of his tattoos. Examples. This is the case of Natalia, 35, who has asked not to reveal her real name. She decided to erase the micropigmentation eyebrows due to the misinformation about this treatment. When he made them, they told him that it would be semi -permanent, but in the end it turned out to be like a tattoo. As she herself, there is no harm that for good does not come: when looking for a center where to eliminate micropigmentation, she also took the opportunity to erase her first tattoo, which “had nothing to do with it.” The story of that first tattoo dates back to his 18 years: “He was too young, it was more as a impulse of rebellion,” he explained. Over the years, more tattoos were made, but he has assured that “it has nothing to do with my style.” It is easier to do so than eliminate it. “The tattoos ink is deposited in the dermis, the second layer of the skin, because its molecules are too large for the body to break down,” Expert Goergen explains CNN. Laser devices emit rapid energy pulses that fragment the ink into smaller particles, which the body processes through the lymphatic system. In safe hands. So it is essential to have a good professional when making a tattoo. In the case of Sara, 30, who also wants to preserve her identity, her tattoo was performed by a person who considers “a bit inexperienced.” He does not like how he looks or how the tattoo feels in his ankle: “In the background I feel sorry to erase it. I did it with 21 years with money that I had saved, but it is like bulky, as if I had not healed well.” Sara consulted with a dermatologist who told him that the ink could have crossed the surface layer of the skin and that it would be advisable to eliminate it as soon as it could. This situation resembles a Swedish preliminary study, conducted with 11,000 people, which suggests that those who have tattoos They have 21% more risk of developing lymphomas compared to those who do not understand it. A good team. It is important to keep in mind that the process of removing laser tattoos, such as Q-Switched, requires specialized training. Natalia was clear: he thoroughly investigated and specifically sought that team, considered one of the most effective for erase. According to the Spanish Society of Aesthetic Medicinethe incorrect use of these equipment, poorly regulated or applied by unprepared people, can cause serious adverse effects, such as burns or scars. In addition, the organization complaint work intrusion and lack of regulation in these cases and others of aesthetic medicine. How many sessions do you need? Although there are clinics that promise to eliminate a tattoo in a single session, experts from the IML Dermatological Clinic They have warned that this is only possible in very specific cases (very small, old tattoos, with black and shallow ink). The most common is to require several sessions, separated by weeks or months. And yet the process is not exempt from complications. The least visible of the process. Jayne Foo, Singapore financial consultant, is part of a growing tendency of Influencers that shares your experience with aesthetic clinics to show the “before and after.” In his account he explains that he has had open wounds, huge blisters and extreme itching. In his networks he confirms that it is not so simple since you have to take precautions and avoid the sun. In addition, she warns that many videos in networks can be misleading, since they show what is known as frosted effect, which seems to clarify the ink immediately, it is only a temporary reaction that lasts about 15 minutes. An explosion to reverse the ink. Under him Hashtag #Tattoremoval on Instagram and Tiktok, more and more people show their tattoo elimination process. The influencer Claudieta, with more than two million followers, He has confessed: “Never make a tattoo at a time that you are bad psychologically.” In this context, and recently, A fans account of the actress Amanda Bynes a video has uploaded how a tattoo of the face is being erased, adding to the Trend viral. In the end a tattoo is an choice of life. A study revealed that the most impulsive people tend to tattoo more. But, as the interviewees have told us, what hurts is not so much impulse, but the process of reverse. Be that as it may, decisions are free and there is always time to change. Sometimes, erasing a tattoo is not forgetting the past, but accepting that it is no longer part of the present. Image | The Dame and Jayne Foo Xataka | The tattoos were always among us. And the European kings gave a Japanese dragon on their arm

Within the most advanced chips manufacturing machines there is something incredible: small supernovae

Identifying a Supernova is an event that astronomers usually celebrate with enthusiasm. And it is not for less if we consider that they are One of the most violent events with which we can run into the cosmos. Knowing them better is very important because it can help us understand more precision How are the latest stages of The life of mass starsand also the mechanisms that explain how the material caused by stellar synthesis can lead to new star systems. The mathematical tools handled by astrophysics current nuclear fusion that take place in the nucleus of mass stars. During the stage known as the main sequence, stars obtain their energy from the fusion of hydrogen nuclei. As this chemical element is consumed, the star begins to produce helium nuclei, and, of course, its composition begins to evolve. During this process a huge amount of energy is released and the star is forced to continuously readjust to maintain hydrostatic balance, a phenomenon that is the result of the coexistence of two opposite forces capable of compensating. One of them is the gravitational contraction, which compresses the subject of the star, pressing it without rest. And the other is the radiation and gase pressure, which is the fruit of the ignition of the nuclear oven and tries to expand the star. The small supernovae of the extreme ultraviolet lithography equipment As we have anticipated from the holder, this article does not go only from Supernovas; It is also starred by the semiconductors. A priori we can intuit that these cosmic events and integrated circuits have nothing to do, but, curiously, they do have something in common. This is the reason why I found a good idea to start this text reviewing what a supernova is and why they occur. Otherwise we could not understand in all its extension the idea in which we are about to investigate. The ultraviolet radiation generation process used by UVE lithography equipment is very similar to what happens during a Supernova In the teams of extreme ultraviolet lithography (UVE) that manufactures the Dutch company ASML, high power lasers instantly heat tens of thousands of tiny tin drops in a single second until they reach a temperature of half a million Celsius degrees. This interaction produces An extremely hot plasma that emits ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 13.5 nm. This light must later be transported to the wafer thanks to a very precise mirrors and lenses system with the purpose of capturing the patterns that define the integrated circuits on a layer of photorers. Very broadly this is the strategy used by the most advanced semiconductor manufacturing machines that currently exist. And, as we have just seen, high -power lasers interpret an unquestionably protagonist role. As Jays Stewart, Chief of Research at ASML, explains in the very interesting article he has published in IEEE Spectrumthe ultraviolet radiation generation process used by UVE lithography equipment to produce avant -garde chips is very similar to what happens during a supernova. When a massive star exhausts its fuel and stops nuclear fusion processes, radiation pressure and gases is no longer able to counteract gravitational contraction. This phenomenon causes the star iron core It suddenly contracts under the enormous pressure that all layers of material that it has above. The star has lost the hydrostatic balance. At this moment all this matter loses the support that the nucleus exercised, which is now much more compact, and falls on it with enormous speed. When all that star material touches the surface of the nucleus there is a rebound effect that causes it to be fired with a huge energy towards the stellar medium, being disseminated. A supernova has just been produced. Some of them are so energetic that for a few seconds they emit more light than the entire galaxy that contains them. The tiny explosions that take place inside the UVE lithography equipment when a laser affects a tin drop produce a shock wave similar to that originating in the stellar medium, although much smaller scale. Surprisingly the mathematical equations that describe the evolution of these two types of explosions are the same. ASML engineers use them to calculate very precisely how the evolution of the shock wave that triggers plasma balls within the UVE equipment will be. And astrophysicians use them to describe the remains of the supernovas and deduce the properties of the star explosion that originated them. A Supernova has 10⁴⁵ times more energy That an explosion of tin, but thanks to this parallel, ASML engineers have been able to solve the complex problem derived from tin residues inside their most advanced lithography equipment. Image | ASML More information | IEEE Spectrum In Xataka | ‘Focus: The Asml Way’: The book that reveals the secrets of the most powerful European company in the chips industry

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