Andalusia

The first nest of Asian hornets in Andalusia was more than seven kilos and had thousands of larvae about to emerge. It’s not good news

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The 7.5 kilo nest, located 10 meters high in a pine tree in Alhaurín de la Torre. This mass full of thousands of larvae has the dubious honor of being the first Asian wasp nest detected in Andalusia. A species that, it is worth remembering has killed three people in Galicia in the last two weeks. “We caught it on time,” explained Alvaro Garciafrom the pest control company Lucanus. “If we had left it a few more days, hundreds of fertile queens would have emerged, and that would be unstoppable.” And yet, the relief of having stopped the expansion of the velutina throughout the most populated community in Spain has been followed by something else: the anxiety generated by knowing that we have found them by pure chance. What if by chance? The discovery It was due to Eduardo Sáezthe biologist who owns the farm where the nest was found. Sáez is not an expert on wasps, but upon seeing him he realized that it was not normal and raised the alarm. Given this, it seems inevitable to ask not only what would have happened if they had not “caught it in time”; but if it really has been like that. Is there not one but dozens of Asian wasp nests maturing in Andalusia without anyone noticing? What is the vespa velutina? The Vespa velutina nigrithoraxnative to Southeast Asia, is an invasive species that arrived in Europe in 2004. It is not difficult to identify itbut it is not something trivial either: it is larger than the common wasp (up to 3.5 cm), it is darker and has an almost completely black abdomen. After expanding from Cantabria, the Basque Country and Galicia throughout the north of the peninsula, it is growing at a rate of 80 kilometers per year. In addition, and if that were not enough, it feeds on fruit, bees and other pollinating animals. To this, of course, we must add that this type of wasps are especially aggressive. Didier Descouens And in response to that, Alhaurín has taken a desperate measure. The municipality of Malaga, recognizing that it is unable to trace its entire area to ensure that the velutina is not growing elsewhere, has requested citizen collaboration: Dozens of neighbors and volunteers have supported the call and are combing the Pinos de Alhaurín area. This obviously entails security risks (due to improper approach to the nests) and false positives (putting other species at risk). However, the situation is very complicated. We must not forget that Málaga has been fighting against Vespa orientalisadding the velutina would be a disaster for provincial beekeeping (and for another half dozen sectors). Why this urgency? Because, as its impact has shown in the north of the peninsula and endorses technical literatureOnce it enters an ecosystem, eradicating it is almost impossible. And the city councils do not have enough of their own equipment to deal with this type of threats. Above all, in a context in which both climate change and anarchic urbanization have made it incredibly easy. A problem that goes beyond beekeeping. And, as I said, in less than two weeks and in the middle of autumn, three men have lost their lives in Galicia due to stings from velutina wasps. It is true that these are deaths related to “severe allergic reactions”, but that does not make the situation any more reassuring. We must not forget that Galicia has been fighting this insect for 15 years with massive trapping and nest removal programs. Without any success. In fact, according to the Xuntawe are experiencing an “extraordinary increase” due to “enormous adaptability” and asks for “caution, especially in the case of allergic people.” Image | Francis ITHURBURU In Xataka | After centuries of disappearance, there are people releasing beavers into the Tagus and other rivers in Spain. The problem is that we don’t know who

is that they are the largest in Andalusia

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The speleology It is a fascinating activity. This discipline mixes sports exploration with scientific study and constantly reminds us that we can continue discovering things from our past. Recently, we have found treasuresfurther cave paintings and clues about the arrival of man to Mallorca. The latest has been a brutal underground connection in Malaga. And officially they are the largest caves in Andalusia. Historical connection. It was last September 26 of this year when the Underground Explorations Group of the Malaga Hiking Society confirmed what had been suspected for years: Sima Nevero and the Sima Aire They were physically connected. These are two cavities that are about 340 meters apart in a straight line, but of course, that distance is if we create an artificial tunnel. Nature is somewhat more complex. Let the numbers speak. This confirmation has given rise to the birth of the Nevero-Aire Complex, an underground system that, right now, is about 26,445 meters with a drop of 955 meters. These impressive figures make it one of the most extensive underground systems in Spain and the largest caves in Andalusia. Having discovered this cconnection between the chasms It is an achievement, but it is really not that strange if we take into account that the Sierra de las Nievesto which they belong, is an enormous karst system that extends for more than 12,000 hectares. Three decades of exploration. The carbonate terrain is very sensitive to erosion by rainwater, which favors the creation of underground networks formed by galleries and wells. And it has not been found by chance: in recent years, explorers have dedicated themselves to surveying and studying the cavities, looking for that connection between the chasms, something that was suspected. for more than 30 years. It was in the 80s when curiosity about these galleries began. At that time, the Sima del Nevero was a cavity barely 15 meters deep, but its study confirmed that it reached 755 meters. That of the Aire, for its part, sank to a depth of 724 meters and the clues that the speleologists followed pointed to that physical connection between the two. path ahead. As we say, although it is now that the connection to obtain those 26,445 meters of galleries has been confirmed, it is estimated that there is much more that we still do not know. So much so that researchers hope that it will be integrated with the Cueva del Agua and other systems, reaching a total of more than 50 kilometers of galleries. If so, the Sierra de las Nieves would go from being the largest cave system in Andalusia to being one of the largest underground systems in all of Europe, rubbing shoulders on the list with the Muotathal swiss or Alto del Tejuelo in Cantabria, both surrounding 213 kilometers of interconnected caves. All far, yes, from the more than 590 underground kilometers of the ‘Colossal Cave’ in Kentucky. Heritage. Aside from the records, it is interesting that we continue to discover new developments in both underwater and terrestrial exploration due to the valuable information on the geological, hydrological and climatic processes that they can provide. In this context, this information dates back millions of years and is another “medal” for a system that is already a National Park and UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. It is evident that this is a great addition to the underground geological heritage of Andalusia, and now it only remains to be seen how many more connections speleologists will be able to add in future expeditions and research. In fact, the intention is to continue exploring. Rogelio Ferrer is a member of the GES and has commented that the discovery has been like “opening the pandora’s box“, but the next step is to raise more money, since expeditions like this “require a significant investment that is beyond our reach.” For the moment, and as they point out researchers and the Commonwealth of Municipalities of the area, is that the Sierra de las Nieves “is not only beauty on the surface: also in depth, geological history and an example of commitment to science.” Images | David Garcia Rodriguez, Sierra de las Nieves (Miguel Benitez) In Xataka | The largest vertical well in Spain is in Cantabria: so deep that it takes 12 seconds for a stone to hit the bottom

The AVE to Andalusia once again suffers a cable robbery and anticipates another day of chaos and delays. It’s just the tip of the iceberg

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Entering the page where Adif collects information from high speed arrivals and outings serves to immerse yourself in the Infinite yellow of incidents. At the time of writing these lines, almost 11:00 am on Tuesday, September 16, each and every one of the trains with arrival in Madrid today have a possible delay warning. Someone has stolen a cable in the ADIF facilities near Córdoba. It is only the tip of the iceberg of an infrastructure that is suffering numerous delays in recent months. 40 minutes. They are not such, as we have learned in Xataka From the hand of one of its journalists who traveled in one of the birds that Córdoba connected with Madrid. Despite Adif’s notices that were discussed of an expected delay of between 10 and 40 minutes in the Andalusian line to Córdoba, the truth is that in this case it has lasted more than an hour. The reason has been a Cable theft between Córdoba and Guadajoz. The incidence was confirmed at the edge of 8:00 am and three hours later It was supposed to be. The problem is evidently the trains that has caused this breakdown that forces us to delay the usual paths for several hours. The last case. Today, Tuesday, September 16, it is just another case of cable robberies that Adif is suffering in recent months, with special incidence in the Andalusian corridor. Last May More than 16,000 passengers were thrown away for the theft of cable at various points of the line. This time, the bulk of the subtractions took place in the passage of the line through Toledo. Just a few days later, also the same month of Maythe section that connects Palencia with Catabria was also affected by a robbery of cables. Last June, Another robbery also caused delays in Catalonia. On that occasion, as in Madrid last Julythose affected were nearby users. A problem. Already in May, the president of Renfe, Álvaro Fernández de Heredia, left a phrase nothing optimistic in a Interview with Antena 3: “They cannot be monitored 24 hours 15,000 kilometers of network, but more means will have to be put.” Then, in Xataka We already wondered if it was so easy to steal in the train network. In 2015cable theft provided a group of thieves a booty that was valued at more than 800.00 euros. In 2022, another robbery also left some 135,000 euros in the pockets of another group of thieves. But in the case of the theft of Andalusian cable last May, the action was distributed by up to five points. And, despite this, According to the Government Delegationcopper had barely won worth 300 euros. So? Óscar Puente, Minister of Transport, said that robbery as “A serious sabotage act”. A few months later, the idea of ​​sabotage slipped again from the government. This time was the Minister of Finance, María Jesús Montero, to which An open microphone “caught” saying that the delays in the bird could be due to these supposed sabotages. On that occasion it coincided with Another of the chaotic days That Renfe and the rest of the operators have lived in the Spanish high -speed lines and, specifically, in La Andaluza. That time, a breakdown on an Ouigo train caused the chain stop of the rest of the trains. One of them, from Renfe, overheated and burned his electrical systems. As a result, More than 200 passengers spent the night Within one of those trains. In the same sense, those who pointed out that they pointed out that The real culprit of his fault was of Adifwhose facilities caused the problem. On the other hand, from the Popular Party they already pointed out months before (coinciding with the theft of May) that the maintenance of the network was inefficient or insufficient, ensuring that they would ask “An audit of the entire network”. The tip of the iceberg. Worst of all, Spain has entered a maelstrom of delays and cancellations in Spanish high speed trains as not remembered. This morning’s cable theft is only the last case of a summer that already closes with other cancellations due to infrastructure problems, trains that crack and Fire affectations that, according to Minister Óscar Puente, could have been avoided. What the summer is demonstrating is that, for some reasons or for others, the ADIF infrastructure needs more investments or is being oversized. The bridge itself indicated a few weeks ago that the volume of trains in recent years He has shot but in ELECONOMIST They also pointed out that the investment has not gone hand in hand with such growth. Photo | Dariusz Sieczkowski and Xataka In Xataka | This megameter that joins Europe with a high -speed train sounds good. The problem is too good to be real

Despite drought and climate change, Andalusia is today greener than in the 90s. It is not as positive as it seems

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A few months ago we count that Spain was getting greener. We did not refer to renewablesbut to the spectacular effects of a spring Exceptionally rainy that He moved the ghosts of the past. The problem was what would happen after those rains and If the drought would call back to the door. Now we are in a totally different scenario: heat waves and, Like every summer of recent years, The fight against fires. In spite of everything, and to climate change, NASA shows that Andalusia is today more “green” than in the 90s. And it is not to be too excited. Short. Spain is a country with drastic microclimal changes on which the flora depends. In the south of the peninsula, they are the Mediterranean forests Those who occupy 26% of Andalusia and the conditions of much of the soil have made pines and holm oaks are the dominant speciesS, since they adapt well to areas without plant cover. Andalusia is a good study scenario because climate change clearly draws its effects, such as upward temperature, decline rains and increased aridity. And, as we see in Physa team of researchers has published in Ecological Indicators How these forests have responded during the last 30 years. Tools. For the analysis, the researchers used more than 5,000 satellite images captured between 1994 and 2021 obtained Thanks to Landsat 5 and Landsat 7NASA. In total, they analyzed 2,358 plots that compared with data from Google Earth Engine and created an “greenery” index measured by Ndvi. They are the acronym of ‘Standardized Difference Vegetation Index ”, a way of quantifying, through satellite images or remote sensors, how much living vegetation there is in an area. In short, it is something that indicates the amount and vigor of the vegetation, being a tool widely used in studies of agriculture, natural resources management or those associated with climate change. Black squares represent 2,358 farms analyzed. In the most dependent areas of agriculture, the effects are much more limited What do we see. In general, except red eucalyptus, all species have shown an increase in this NDVI value, something that points to sustained revergeration. In trees such as holm oaks, cork oaks and pines, the maximum moment of activity is concentrated in the soft winter months, falling in the summers. And the chestnut, which is the only deciduous species of the study, operates on the contrary. The Effects of climate change And aridity have a decisive role in these cycles, extending the activity period of the Carrasco pine and the resin in the driest places and shortening that of other pine species, such as the wild, and that of the wild olive tree. Between 1994 and 2005, the growth of these species was evident, and followed its course from 2005 to 2021, although at a more moderate speed. ¿Because? The result is that, the green territory is now greener and the conclusion is that many species have maintained or increased its green coverage. There are several explanations, and very diverse. Carrasco or Encina pine are designed to support heat and droughtwhich allows them to remain active when other species lower the activity. Here the policies of natural reforestation and regeneration have played a role, as well as global factors such as the increase in Atmospheric co₂ that would act as fertilizer. There are also factors directly related to human activity, such as a progressive abandonment of farmland in certain areas that has favored the natural regeneration of the forest, as well as changes in land use, such as the decrease in livestock pressure that reduces the degradation of the undergrowth. We have also influenced the contrary, as with a cork oak, which we extract cork periodically, limiting the regeneration of the tree. Nuances. The study is very useful to see the current situation of the Andalusian Mediterranean forest, but also to observe which are the most resilient species and those that best adapt to changing conditions and a rampant aridity. And the conclusion of the study is that things are not going well, but due to that resilience of some species and, despite the continuous increase in annual average temperatures, most species did not demonstrate a relationship between phenological metrics and that temperature increase. And, perhaps, the most important thing is that the greenest does not equals a healthier vegetation, since various factors (natural and human) intervene and we see that this revergence is nothing uniform, with a south and this drier in which the vegetation is hardly growing. But well, as researchers point out, see what species are more resistant and adapt better is something that allows you to find the best options for adequate reforestation policies, Not how we are doing in many places in Europe. Before we talked about that rainy spring that moved the ghost of drought and that summer was returning to reality. And the Recent restrictions in Galicia They are a sad sign of this. Image | José Sánchez Rodríguez and Rafael Palomo López In Xataka | Spain has been dismissing its forest firefighters in winter for years. Fire show that it may not be a good idea

The bird to Andalusia has stopped again. This time he has touched Malaga in an July to forget at high speed

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The president of Renfe, Álvaro Fernández Heredia said, just a few days ago that Renfe “tried not to leave anyone behind.” Only a few months ago, Oscar Puente, Minister of Transportation, took a breast out of the company’s punctuality. Yesterday, the high speed line in Malaga suffered delays again. It is the last case in a summer that seems to accumulate problems. The latest. The detachment of a vault and water leaks. That is the reason why the bird was delayed yesterday on its way to Malaga. They point out in The worldthat the problem was in an aquifer that borders the tunnel and that caused the filtering of water. Quickly, Adif went out to make clear that the structure of the tunnel and official sources were not compromised indicated to local media as South newspaper that no cut in the line had occurred or the passengers had to be evacuated. Everything was solved taking the trains to the farthest path of the affected wall. “Minimum affectation”. With these words, according to COPERenfe defined the impact that this last incidence has had. The company assured that the delay did not exceed half an hour and that it was because the trains had to circulate at low speed and in a unique way. For the Popular Party it is a “negligent action” that should force Pedro Sánchez, president of the Government, to face. Beyond political proclamations, the truth is that the Malaga case is the last one of a summer in which Adif and Renfe are focusing the debate on the reliability of their service. Click on the image to go to the original tweet The eyes set in Adif. The involvement in the high speed line was taken yesterday by Renfe but also ouigo and Iro. It has been in Adif in whom they have put their eyes since they are responsible for the maintenance of the roads. In fact, in Malaga today They remember that that of the aquifer is a problem that has been maintained since 2005 when the works “pricked” the same and since then Adif pays compensation to the neighbors for the damages caused. José Ramón Carmona, general secretary of the PP of Malaga, pointed out that the problem is the “investment abandonment and the absence of maintenance in the rail network that entails a serious infrastructure degradation.” The situation is delicate because the leaks of these aquifers directly affect the Abdalajís Valley, where the tunnel was built. They explain in eldiario.es That the tunnel was built with a stagnant lining, formed by a reinforced concrete ring inside by prefabricated dovelas. It has a thickness of 35 centimeters and concrete of different resistance was used in two different sections to avoid leaks while releasing the pressure that water can cause. A summer to forget. Adif claims begin to be constant in a summer that is being to forget. The most controversial case focused the looks the first days of July when A train was stopped 13 hours On the tracks, without assistance and with an old woman who ended at the hospital. So, The Government and Adif They pointed out that the problem was originated by an ouigo train whose fault resulted in a domino effect that ended with the Renfe train abandoned to its fate. In Ouigo they pointed that nothing would have happened if Adif had maintained the facilities correctly. And Adif defended himself by ensuring that they would put an ongoing plan to solve the possible problems in their catenaries. Days later, A train stopped In Toledo for a problem in the infrastructure, which once again stopped travel between Madrid and Andalusia. Beyond Adif. To problems directly linked to Adif, other incidents that have stopped circulation in recent months or weeks must be added. We have had delays and cancellations for uncontrollable phenomena such as torrential rains either Fire next to the tracks But also for him copper theft which came to derive in the collapse of the Andalusian bird and in the accusation of Boicot by Óscar Puente, Minister of Transportation. Balls out. In spite of everything, the leaders of Renfe and the bridge itself have long since defended that the train situation is not as bad as we imagine (or we see). RENFE President himself He presumed days agopointing out that the company is among the best in Europe and criticized those who defined the last days as “rail chaos”. In December 2024, Bridge defended exactly the same in a session in the Congress of Deputies. The truth is that passengers do not seem to see it like this and have negatively highlighted Renfe’s performance in recent months. Renfe also has expanded the times To return the money in case of delay. And in The confidential They collected how delays in high Spanish speed have shot themselves in recent years. Photo | Falk2 and Adif In Xataka | Two years after Renfe competition entered, the data indicate something: trains are cheaper than ever

Andalusia has become hostile land for avocado. So an unexpected region is taking over: Galicia

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In Spain, avocado has ceased to be an exotic food to become the new king of the shopping basket. Its demand grows without stopping: only in 2023, tropical fruits became the most consumed in the country, surpassing even the citrus of life. But while the surface dedicated to avocado cultivation in Spain is already 24,000 hectares –With Andalusia at the head-, the south begins to resent. Missing water. There are plenty of extreme temperatures. And the producers look for alternatives in the north and there Galicia enters. A new tropical map. The image of an avocado is not associated, precisely, the wet green of the peninsular northwest. But data and real experiences begin to tell another story. Because in Galicia the avocado not only grows: it is standing strongly. As he collects A report from the voice of Galiciain the province of Pontevedra there were already at least seven hectares cultivated in 2022, and everything indicates that this figure has been doubled since then. “It is a very interesting production that is already being introduced into many Galician cooperatives,” says Higinio Mougán, director of Agaca, the Galician Association of Agrifood Cooperatives. Attracted by high market prices – and for a demand that does not stop growing – Galician farmers such as those of the Horsal Cooperative are already betting on this crop. However, they do it cautiously since not everything is as easy as planting and waiting to collect. But is it land of avocados? In theory, yes. Galicia presents a soft climate, without prolonged frost and with generous rainfall. Characteristics that, like The CSIC Iñaki Hormaza researcher ensures For the Galician medium, “they look more like the climate originally from avocado than that of some areas of Andalusia.” Which does not mean that there are no risks. Temperatures of more than 35º in summer, strong coastal winds, floodable floors or the possibility of unexpected frosts remain limiting factors. “It is not a crop to launch without prior study,” says Pablo Porto, coach of Vivaz Plant, a company that has developed plantations at Baixo Miño. The terrain must have good drainage, be protected from the wind and have deep and aerated soils. And that without talking about the productivity challenges – less than 1% of the flowers bear fruit – or post -harvest, which alerts the damage for forced collection on temporary days. There is evidence that it works. 300 kilometers east, in Asturias, The story of Ángel Sordo and his centenary avocado In Porrúa it is almost legend. Planted in 1906, this tree is still standing more than a century later and is considered the oldest in Europe. “Its cup reaches 30 meters in diameter,” a living emblem of what could be a new agricultural border. Inspired by this legacy, entrepreneurs such as Andrés Ibarra founded Aguacastur to explore the potential of avocado in the Cantabrian. His discovery was revealing: thousands of scattered trees, some with up to four flowers per year. And no, the cold did not kill them. Thanks to environmental humidity, even -5º temperatures did not cause severe damage. “It is a matter of time that the cultivation of avocados in the north becomes a reality,” said Ibarra. A change that accelerates as the South loses viability. A northern axarchy. As my partner explainedthe comparison is not accidental. The Malaga Axarchy has been the avocado mecca in Spain for decades. But droughts, overexploitation of the vineyuela aquifer and heat waves are changing the script. Is the north – with its water, its temperate climate and its lower urban pressure – the future of tropical fruit in Spain? It would not be the first time. Galicia was the land of Olivos in the past and nobody knows well why it ceased to be. And now, what? The interest is there. Plantations grow. Cooperatives are organized. But the Galician avocado path – like that of every crop that ventures in new lands – will not be free of obstacles. Green gold has arrived in Galicia. And this time, it seems that it has come to stay. Image | Unspash and Unspash Xataka | Very few countries in the world are dedicated to the industrial production of avocados. Now an unexpected one has joined: Japan

The Ave to Andalusia seemed a perfect alternative to the car this summer. Has encountered a problem called Toledo

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We are on July 14, summer trips to the south of Spain multiply. High speed had to offer a quick exit to the sea from Madrid, connected to Malaga by trains of up to three different companies. But, in what we have been from the month, the problems have multiplied until thinking that the usual is already suffering some type of delay. Catastrophic misfortunes. In case their own problems were their own, this weekend Spanish high speed has suffered more and more delays. Even for reasons that have nothing to do with the trains themselves. Catalonia and suspensions or delays caused by heavy rains They are a good sample of this. But the worst part, again, takes Andalusia. The Autonomous Community has had a first look in July to forget. After 15 days in which the delays have been a constant, yesterday, Sunday, July 13, A fire next to the tracks Among the Cordoba municipalities of La Marota and Santaella cut the circulation again. In total, only Renfe already registered 10 modifications at his schedules. In the afternoon, at 5:49 p.m. they pointed out that The circulation would gradually restore. Own problems. The fire next to the tracks has only been the drop that has filled the glass of a weekend that had already registered problems on Saturday. An incidence in the Adif facilities again caused delays in trains that were directed on the way Andalusia or Madrid. Again, a good handful of trains recorded delays of more than an hour on the ferrous roads of the Andalusian region. The incidence in the facilities was found in the vicinity of La Sagra (Toledo), where at the beginning of July the biggest Ferroviaro problem was recorded in these first two weeks of the month. 13 hours arrested. Julio began his journey in summer in a very worrying way in southern Spain. Thousands of passengers (it is estimated that more than 16,000 people) were affected by a problem in the lines that extended for more than a day. The problem caused a collapse in the high -speed line that resulted in the suspension of services and The stop (without assistance) of more than 13 hours of a train that ended up meeting the night. Over there, An old woman had to be treated For respiratory failure. Many reproaches … Since that stop happened in high Andalusian speed, the government, Adif and Ouigo have been sent Cross messages for the problems caused. The origin of the fault He was in a disconnection of an ouigo train with the signal recognition system, mandatory to continue operating. His stop forced to stop the trains that circulated below. The cluster of vehicles caused an over -line over the line that resulted in a fault of a Renfe train. The latter did not unwill for a problem in their own systems that force disconnection to avoid breakdowns in case of over -overdraft. Ouigo has not rejected his involvement in the incident but he did defend himself from The words of María Jesús MonteroMinister of Finance and Vice President of the Government, to whom open microphones captured her criticizing the company. The French blamed Adif that Insphorastructure had to endure unforeseen Like these. … And few solutions. After the chaos of the first days of summer, Adif announced that he would carry out an emergency action on the line and that he got to work to identify the weak points of the Andalusian connection. A movement that Ouigo pointed out how insufficient. Those actions They were going to be carried out in La Sagra. Yes, exactly at the same point where the over -the end of the month of July was produced that ended with all the circulation stopped for more than 13 hours. There, ADIF plans to perform an emergency action by changing the location of various elements of the catenary. Two weeks later, trains stand up again in the same place. Photo | Nelso Silva In Xataka | Ouigo has partially retired from Madrid-Barcelona. Then, prices have struck in Andalusia

An earthquake has shaken the coast of Almeria. And Middle Andalusia has learned thanks to Google

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An earthquake of magnitude 5.5 located in Almeria waters has shaken multiple locations Andalusians in Almería, Granada, Jaén and areas of the Spanish Levante such as Murcia. Along with it, thousands of Android mobile users have received an unknown notification to date: a directly related to the detection of farms. The earthquake. According to information from National Geographic Instituteat 7:13 a.m. on July 14, there has been an earthquake of magnitude 5.4 to two kilometers deep in the corporal of sticks, having special incidence in populations of the Andalusian coast. The consequent replicas have lasted until 8:49, with intensities of 3.4 and 2.7. Local media They report that at the moment there have been no consequences of gravity, ensuring the 112 that “no damage to the region has been notified by the earthquake.” The message. Virtually immediately, Android phones have issued an automatic notification to thousands of phones through Google Play services. This alert is framed within the Google seismic detection system, Shakealert. In it, the estimated magnitude of the earthquake is noticed as well as recommended practices to keep us safe in earthquake cases. Through a map, both the time and distance from the earthquake are shown, with the possibility of consulting the latest updates through the same section. How it works. Google’s Seísos alert System It is more than curious. In the United States (California, Washington and Oregon) uses a network of 1675 seismic sensors to detect tremors and earthquakes. Outside these territories, the seismographs are our own phones through the accelerometer. If a phone detects movement changes that can be interpreted as an earthquake, send a signal to the Google server. At that time, the server combines this signal with that of other phones to try to find out if an earthquake is taking place. In case of determining what is taking place, an alert is sent on two levels. The key to using this system is that it works predictively. In fact, Google warns that these notifications can reach even before the earthquake occurs. The alerts. The network of more than 2,000 million Android devices, according to Google, acts as a minisismographers front capable of giving precise data on the earthquake. In the event that the alert is of 4.5 or higher scale (in MMI scale, no Richter, here is measured in surface perceived, not energy released from the epicenter), a strong sound alarm is sent ignoring the modes not to disturb and lighting the screen. If the alert is of lower magnitude, such as the one lived today, only an informative notification is sent. What about Es-alert. The doubts that have assaulted upon receiving the alarm have to do with the alternative system we have in Spain: Es-alert. Here we have a system with three levels of alert and civil protection as in charge of sending the notification through Cell Broadcast (radio emission without having active mobile data). System Who detects Who sends the alert How the alert is sent You need Internet connection Android Earthquake Alerts System Android phones themselves, through their sensors Google Push notifications Yeah es-alert National Geographic Institute (IGN) Civil defense Radio emission (Cell Broadcast) No In this case, Es-Alert has not worked. The system is active, working, and detecting cases Like fire in Tarragonabut it is Civil Protection who determines the supposed severity of the phenomenon and whether or not notification is to be sent. The legal framework. A Law 17/2015, of July 9, of the National Civil Protection System determines that only the competent authorities can issue official alerts: Civil Protection, Aemet, IGN or the communities and municipalities themselves. Private companies cannot issue official alerts … but they can send private notifications that do not violate any law. That Android informs you about a possible earthquake It does not differ too much than the time app I inform you that it is raining in your area. Google notices do not supply these official notification systems, act as an informative complement to the official framework. Here the debate enters into the own responsibility of a private company to alert the population of a gravity event as an “unofficial” earthquake. One that clashes with the slowness (or direct inactivity according to circumstances) of national systems in specific cases like this. Image | Xataka In Xataka | The ghost of the earthquakes returns to Lisbon: how a savage earthquake in 1755 took the entire city ahead

We have just found two new ants in Andalusia

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The list of animal species that inhabit Spain has added two new names. And this time we are not talking about exotic species imported from a distant country but about the discovery of two new species of ants in Andalusia. Two new species. He finding of the two new speciesboth belonging to the genre Oxyopomyrmexhas been in charge of the researcher at the University of Córdoba (UCO) Joaquín Reyes López. It’s about O. Arenarius and O. Pallensdiscovered thanks to specimens found in Jaén, Granada and Huelva (including Doñana National Park). Genre ants Oxyopomyrmex They are classified within the subfamily of the mirmicinos (Myrmicinae). These, explains Reyes López himself, can be found in the arid areas of the Mediterranean basin, although it is a taxonomic group on which there is little information. Until now we knew the presence of two species of this genus in Spain (O. Santschii and O. Saulcyi). This implies that the finding bends the number of species of this group known in the country. According to the University Through the EFE agencythe finding adds two new names to the list of about 300 species of ants that inhabit the Iberian Peninsula. Oxyopomyrmex arenarius. According to Kings López explains himselfthe name of this new species is a reference to the fact that all its nests were found in sandy soils. This species, whose “type location” is the Biological Station of the Doñana, presents an oval head, and a coloration that goes from the dark brown of its head and abdomen to lighter tones in its joints. Oxyopomyrmex Pallens. The color is precisely what gives name to the second of the described species, since it presents a more pale coloration, with light and yellowish brown tones in parts of the body of the insect. In this second case, the type town described by Reyes López is the Jienense municipality of Mures. Electronic scanning microscopy. For analysis, Reyes López He turned to the scanning electronic microscopy, a technique with which he could closely study the morphological characteristics of these ants and compare them with the features of other similar species. The details of the study have been published In an article In the magazine Insects. By limiting the territory. As is logical, there is still little what we know about these ants. For example, the findings suggest that these species are typical of the south of the Peninsula, but there is the possibility that their habitat will extend beyond, so the discovery of new specimens can serve us to know in more detail the extension of the territory occupied by the new species. In Xataka | Someone has calculated all the ants in the world. It is a literally “unimaginable” number Image | Reyes López, 2025/Insects / Protoculture

Ouigo has partially retired from Madrid-Barcelona. Then, prices have struck in Andalusia

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Since The competition will enter the Spanish railwayswho are dedicated to following the current news of Spanish trains we expect the quarterly report that the CNMC performs on high speed in Spain as children who expect the arrival of the Magi. On this occasion, the doubts were in how Ouigo had resolved his entrance to the Andalusian runner. The company has prioritized its landing in southern Spain over its line between Madrid and Barcelona. And the data has spoken. Less presence, lower prices and a new fight in Andalusia He CNMC Report It is interesting because it explains the movements that Ouigo is doing to maintain very high occupancy quotas at the same time as lowers prices where it enters as a new agent. At the beginning of the year, Ouigo opened its new lines in Andalusia. The company launched a service to Seville and Malaga, leaving in Madrid and always with an intermediate stop in Córdoba. He did, as explained in electionomista.es with double compartment trains that were previously intended for Barcelona-Madrid. The report reflects this fall in the places offered and places them by 17.3% less in the case of Ouigo. Those places, as we say, have been destined for new runners and has had a direct impact on prices. The Madrid-Barcelona corridor is highly competitive and Ouigo barely managed to overcome Avlo in market share. Its 15.2% is far from 24.2% of Iro and 47.1% of the bird. Adding Ave and Avlo, Renfe Travelers get six out of 10 travelers between Madrid and Barcelona to rise to their trains. With change, Ouigo reduces its presence In an extremely competitive line that is less sensitive to price sales because prices remain much higher than that of the rest of the runners and the differences between competitors are more meager. In fact, the bird ticket in a Madrid-Barcelona is the highest price of all high speed (61.92 euros) and, despite this, it is the one that sells the most tickets. Knowing that his battle is in markets with the lowest number of travelers and more price sensitivity, Ouigo has entered the first quarter of the year in Andalusia. Thus, the average price of high speed in Madrid -Málaga has fallen to 36.83 euros, -17.2% less than last year. Ouigo is the cheapest company offers its tickets, at 26.89 euros on average. And the same has happened in Madrid-Sevilla. The prices, again, have fallen by 17.9%, to 39.30 euros on average. Ouigo sells its tickets at 29.09 euros on average. In these runners, prices They are much more important. On average in a Madrid-Barcelona, ​​the price of an ouigo ticket is 36.56 euros, far from the almost 62 euros mentioned in the bird although very close to Avlo and Iroyo, which gives a sample of the maturity of the market and that in this case prices have stabilized, falling half a 0.9%. However, in Andalusia Renfe feels more pressured and thus his bird tickets to Seville and Malaga are much closer to those of Ouigo, which marks the ground, although it has entered with competitive prices to win market. In this case, the difference is between 14 and 15 euros on average, far from the more than 25 euros that exist in the Madrid-Barcelona corridor. Photo | Eric Salard In Xataka | Valladolid, Segovia and the reality of high speed low cost: ouigo leaves the line during the week for its low demand

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