Mobile Tech & Gadgets

Delete the stops in Castilla y León

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215 minutes. That is the time that it should take a high -speed train to travel the distance that Vigo separates from Madrid from this month of March. It is not a figure that we have said randomly. It is the promise in which Oscar Puente reaffirmed At the beginning of this 2025, since since the arrival of the Avril there was talk of connect Madrid and Vigo In just over three and a half hours. The same day in which it also took advantage of confirming that the number of places offered would be expanded by 125%. The problem is that those 215 minutes remain, right now, a promise. What are real are the delays and breaches that have accumulated since In May 2024 The first trains will arrive at the railway line. The first day, the train that promised to reduce travel time in 15 minutes was exceeded half an hour above the scheduled. The second day, andl delay went above two hours. Then, the Vigo-Madrid had to be done in four hours, with the promise that time should be filed over time. It improved … little. In August last year Just one in five trains that covered the journey arrived at the expected hour. And we are already in March 2025 and there is no trace of those 215 minutes desired. So Abel Caballero, mayor of Vigo, has had a proposal: why not eliminate stops in Castilla-León? A direct Madrid-Vigo In case Spain was devoid of storms in recent days, Caballero decided to generate his own on the afternoon of March 19. That day a meeting had been organized between Mayor Gallego and Álvaro Fernández Heredia, new director of Renfe. After the same, Caballero exposed what had been talked there. The mayor of Vigo said that he had presented some alternatives to Fernández Heredia to reduce until three hours and 45 minutes the time that Madrid separates from his city. The proposal was clear: Eliminate stops in Castilla-León. He did not explain which but he said the following: “The current travel time on one of the tours is very elongated by an excessive number of stops in the area of ​​Castilla y León, a area already close to Madrid that currently has a very important coverage of trains that come from all over the north and the rest of Galicia on high -speed paths” The words were collected by the local medium Atlantic.net. The proposal, according to Caballero, had had “very good reception” and Fernández Heredia would have been “very receptive.” And, of course, the winds unleashed the storm. Renfe has left the gentlemanensuring that the stops that are currently in Segovia, Medina del Campo, Zamora and Sanabria High Speed ​​will not be suppressed. Before, Alfonso Fernández Mañueco, president of Castilla-León, had already shown his anger crossing the intentions of “intolerable”, they collect in The Spanish. The crossing of statements, of course, has been felt throughout the day of March 20, with cross messages between members of the PSOE (to which Caballero belongs) and the PP (to which Mañueco belongs) both Galicians and Castellanoleonese, as well as the different political parties that give voice to all the affected provinces, such as Zamora or Segovia. The conflict, however, exemplifies the wounds that have opened with the expansion of high speed east of the country. One of those wounds is found in Zamora. Already in May 2024 they collected in Vigo lighthouse that a possibility that was on the table to reduce the times was to skip the stop in the city “that will have 12 trains a day per sense despite having 60,000 inhabitants.” Another key places that lengthens the trip in Madrid-Vigo is its forced passage by Santiago de Compostela. No direct connection between Vigo and Orense (just over an hour by car) is obliged to the high -speed train to deviate 70 kilometers to cover the entire journey and reach Vigo. This alternative has been on the table since 2001 but Bridge avoided last year Give a concrete date of when the project could be ready or, at least, if at any time it would be approved. Although Madrid-Vigo has focused all eyes for obvious reasons, confrontations on the occasion of high speed are common in Spain. In the Basque Country, it is not only that high speed arrives with decades of delayat this time there is a strong confrontation to choose the path that must connect the “and Basque” with high speed from Pamplona. Everything seemed aimed with a step by Vitoria but a Alternative by the Gipuzkoan town of Ezkio/ITSASOby the Sierra de Aralar. The connection in AVE Madrid-Lisboa has also been disputed. Among the latest discussionsthat of the Ministry of Transport, led by bridge, With the Government of Castilla-La Mancha and the municipalities of Toledo and Talavera de la Reina, in relation to whether a new train station should be built in the first case or if the tracks should be buried in the second. But these have been the last fringes because the cities of Badajoz and Salamanca They have been faced for years in a discussion that has recently been a folder when Bridge confirmedagain, that the journey between Madrid and Lisbon would pass through the city of Extremadura. Photo | Namor88 and Pedro Vicente Seoane Prado In Xataka | Spain has its own Express Orient and is an ode to luxury: the exclusive, nineteenth and very expensive transcontábrico

or are leaders or nothing

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If something They are discovering companies that hire employees of generation Z, is that, definitely, they are not managed just like young millennials or generation X. communication and values of this generation They are very different to those of previous generations. For example, generation Z does not have the same concept of hierarchy and authority that their parents or grandparents, and therefore tend to speak with the same naturalness with the CEO of the company as with their colleagues. It is not the only peculiarity of this generation at work. No time for formalisms According to A recent study From the Indeed Employment Platform, it revealed that 93% of these young people admit have done “ghosting” to its employers, treating them as if they were a failed appointment. This is because They do not conceive the hierarchy in the same way that previous generations, prioritizing efficiency and results above the standards of label or social correction. Selena Rezzvani, expert in professional team leadership, said in a video In his LinkedIn profile that this should not be interpreted as disrespect since we are faced with the generation of Tiktok, Snapchap and social networks, where messages and communication are rapid, shocking and direct. There is no time of prolegomena and formalisms. In Reyes Suárez, HR Team Leader in Randstad Professionals, “it is more a clash of business culture and ways of understanding leadership. Generation Z is very assertive, but it has to improve its emotional intelligence, which have developed other previous generations that have lived another context.” Who is the boss? One of the keys is that the youth of the Z generation see the work dynamics as a collaboration networknot as a chain of command, so they prefer an accessible leadership with which to collaborate, not someone to obey without asking the objective of their work. In this context, Rezzvani ensures that the employees of generation Z respond to a leader who offers them transparency and that he is willing to admit their mistakes, and hits a wall when he appears to a boss as an authoritarian figure. Suarez stressed that establishing a close and direct relationship with them leads them to learn much faster Its functions, generating confidence between them. “Generation Z is much more demanding time, in the sense of claiming constant feedback and also giving it. In this sense, the previous generations were more independent.” A leader is done, it is not imposed According to A survey carried out by the consultant Robert Walters, 52% of the Z -generation professionals do not want to ascend to intermediate positions, and 72% would choose to continue their own professional growth instead of managing others. That is an indicator of Little value they give to the hierarchy “imposed” by seniority or status, and value much more those leaders who exercise as mentors and guides to learn. According to An article by Selena Rezzvani published in MSNBC“Having grown in an era where poor leadership was denounced publicly, they have developed the basic expectation that respect must be mutual,” said the leadership expert. This perception of hierarchical relationships in the company is the one that leads young people to not know how to communicate correctly with the more veteran authority figuresthat are presented as “bosses” to which to obey, while young people tend to recognize as leaders those who have gained their respect from trust. In Xataka | After this year one in three young people will have changed their jobs: it is nothing personal, it is only salary Image | Pexels

Sell ​​green energy to AI

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The purpose of the oil companies in the face of a future seemed In the case of the British oil company BP. However, there are many other ways to follow the green path, and the Italian eni is a clear example. Short. The Italian oil company ENI has created two businesses focused on green artificial intelligence and carbon dioxide emissions, according to He has reported Reuters. In this way, two other oil initiatives that are underway are added: Plenitude and Enilivethat focus on renewable and biofuel energies respectively. Business model diversification. In this way, ENI has estimated that the profitability of their “green” businesses will reach two-digit figures in the next five years, with a performance comparable to that of the traditional oil and gas sector (15%-16%), as collect the Financial Times. A large project. The Italian oil company has focused its strategy on the use of supercomputing and AI to develop sustainable solutions. From its center in North Italy, the company operates The HPC5 supercomputerthe most powerful in the energy sector, together with an energy plant and a carbon capture installation. The objective is to sell processing capacity to technological companies that need to train AI models, but using low emission energy, thus reducing the environmental impact of these operations. Be more sustainable. The oil company It is advancing in the carbon capture and storage initiative (CCS), having almost three gigatons of CO2 storage capacity. An example that he is walking towards that direction is his Hynet North West project in the United Kingdom, which seeks to capture industrial broadcasts and store them in the Ireland Sea. Another market to open. Together with the oil company Malaysia Petronas, both They are exploring A new opportunity in the gas market. In fact, they have planned to join their deposits to create a joint business capable of producing the equivalent of 500,000 barrels of oil per day in natural gas. This operation would represent approximately half of the current production of ENI gas and is designed to supply Asian markets, such as China and India, where the demand for gas It is still increasing. Image | Flickr Xataka | The real reason why Russia, Venezuela and Iran continue to sell their oil: even with the sanctions it is cheaper

They are planets orbiting other stars to 130 light years

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One of the original purposes of the James Webb space telescope was the direct observation of exoplanets: distant worlds that orbit stellar systems other than the sun. The latest images of the 10,000 million dollars observatory demonstrate the level of detail that is capable of capturing. Young and gaseous. The Webb Telescope, operated by NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), has been observing a planetary system to 130 light years from the Earth. At the tender age of 30 million years, this neighborhood called HR 8799 It is much younger than our solar system, which is 4.6 billion years old. The four planets in the photo that revolve around the star HR 8799 are gaseous giants similar to Jupiter and Saturn. Being so young, in addition to giants, they retain the residual heat of their formation, which makes them emit a large amount of infrared light. This light is what has allowed Webb Space Telescope Capture clear and direct images of exoplanets. An important finding. One of the most surprising aspects of these observations is the remarkable presence of carbon dioxide in the atmospheres of the four giant planets. A study published by The Astronomical Journal Associates CO2 to a large number of heavy elements such as carbon, oxygen and iron in the gaseous body of these exoplanets. The study supports the theory of core’s accretion training, which is the same mechanism proposed by astronomers for the formation of Jupiter and Saturn in our solar system. According to this theory, the giant planets begin forming solid nuclei that then attract large amounts of gas from the protoplanetary disk that surrounds a young star. Cooked over low heat. The Chemical composition observed by the Webb In the HR 8799 system it is a clue that the planets were formed by slow accumulation of heavy materials, instead of faster alternative processes. Scientists have also been able to analyze important differences between the planets. For example, HR 8799 B, the farthest from its star, shows greater carbon dioxide wealth, while HR 8799 E, the closest to its star, seems to have formed in very different conditions, in a warmer region and with a different composition. Another Nircam job. Thanks to the Nircam Chamber and its coronograph, which blocks the bright light of the central star, the Webb has not only been able to observe the HR 8799 system, but also 51 eri ba relatively cold and young planet located in the 51 Eridani system, 96 light years from the earth. This orbit planet at a considerable distance from its star, similar to a location between Saturn and Neptune of our solar system. In this case, the webb has also detected a rich atmosphere in carbon dioxide, which further supports the hypothesis of the solid nucleus as a training mechanism. Images | NASA, ESA, CSA, STSCI, JHU In Xataka | We have just discovered a tiny planet where it is three days every year. Is orbiting the star closest to the sun

The 1803 map that aspired to summarize the entire history of humanity

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He 19th century It is still today one of the most fascinating periods in history. It produced numerous ideological, political and technical revolutions that forever shaped contemporary times. At the same time, he opened the doors of a world, expanding numerous discoveries, contacts between various civilizations and scientific advances. The change was structural and all levels. Hence the cartography also evolved. The dawn of modernity were plagued by graphic innovations that would give way to the cartographic crafts of our time. It was no longer simply to represent the world (after the century it would already be practically explored and uncovered in its entirety), but to locate the human being in it. Nature tamed, wasn’t it time for map To humanity itself? We have already seen how Illustrators like JH Colton either John B. Sparks They tried to do so through an innovative format: the river, a continuous current since the beginning of the times of which They would break down tributaries in the form of cultures and civilizations. Those were imaginative and prisoners of their time, plagued by a rampant Eurocentrism and full of historical and political clichés. However, they were interesting for themselves, because they aspired to capture in a single graph the passage of time. All the time. The work of both, but especially of Colton, would contribute to expand the explanation of history and social geography through graphic tools. But it wasn’t seminal. Such honor may correspond to the author of the probably first histomapa always: Friedrich StrassAustrian cartographer. Entitled Der Strom der Zeiten (The current of time), The Enlightenment would see the light as soon as 1803, time before Napoleon had raised his empire. The excellent graphic and bold finish of the representation would enjoy great success, being translated into several languages ​​and serving of remote influence for other activists, educators, geographers and illustrators (From Emma Willard until Eugene pick). Der Strom der Zeiten I drank in part of Joseph Priestly’s ideasBritish philosopher, and aspired to capture a vertical understanding of the history of human beings. Under the title of “History of the World”, part of a gray nebula of which cultures already known by then. The Greeks, the Assyrians, the Italians, the Chinese or the Phoenicians. Strass focuses your attention in European peoples and cultures, marginalizing the development or prominence of African or Asian empires. The beginning of everything. (David Rumsey Collection) Detail of the first villages. (David Rumsey Collection) The importance of the Roman Empire. (David Rumsey Collection) It was a common evil of the illustrators, intellectuals, scientists and European thinkers of the time. China and India monopolized half of the world’s population and half of its economic production for centuries. However, the Strass river quickly focuses on The Roman Empire Like the Muñidor of so many civilizations of the present, and from which numerous central states would arise to the development of Europe, such as Spain or France. Eastern cultures. (David Rumsey Collection) Latin kingdoms. (David Rumsey Collection) Taxes arise, unify and disappear as time progresses. Strass’s historical gaze was essentially elitist: he listed the monarchs and leaders based on their possessions (Felipe II and Carlos V become the longest river tributary of their time) in chronological way. To the right are felt Asian civilizations. Others, such as African or American, do not even appear. Der Strom der Zeiten It is an incomplete map of human history, but one of great relevance for the development of a different look at the passing of time and the position of the human being in it. And next to all this, it is still beautiful today. In Xataka | The way in which each European language counts up to 99, explained in an interesting map In Xataka | The lunar map of Johannes Hevelius, the first satellite cartography published in 1647

Salt water, CO2 and electricity are the new recipe to create more sustainable cement and concrete

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Cement is one of the most used artificial materials on the planet, but has two problems. The first, environmentalsince its production emits a remarkable amount of greenhouse gases. The second, the shortage of raw materials such as sand, whose mined also has an environmental impact. A new material. A team of researchers from the Northwestern University and the company ️Cemex Innovation Holding has developed A new construction material through a process that combines marine water, carbon dioxide (CO2) and electricity. This new material can be used in the production of cement and concrete and, according to its developers, in its production more CO2 than it emits. That is why the new material has the ability to make the most sustainable cement and concrete production. Salt water, CO2 and current. The method to create the new material begins by introducing electrodes in the salt water to circulate an electric current that separates water molecules into hydrogen gas and hydroxide ions. As explained by the development responsibleWhile the current circulates, CO2 bubbles are added to the water in order to change the chemical composition of the water by increasing the concentration of bicarbonate ions. The ions of these two compounds (hydroxide and bicarbonate) react with other ions that can be dissolved in marine water, such as calcium and magnesium. From these chemical reactions both calcium carbonate (CACO3) and magnesium hydroxide arise. The first compound, Continue explaining the teamit is in itself a carbon sink; The second, on the other hand, is able to capture additional carbon interacting with CO2 molecules. Copying nature. According to its developers, the process is similar to that used by corals and mollusks to build their structures and shells. The key difference is that these animals use their own metabolism instead of electrical energy to detonate the chemical process. Different uses. The resulting material, a Mixture of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxidecan be used as a substitute for the sand or gravel used in concrete manufacturing, but can also be used to produce cement, plaster and even paint. More control. The resulting material has an important advantage and that its properties can be altered by introducing small changes in the elaboration process such as the current and its voltage, or the duration of the injection of CO2, among others. Thus it is possible to achieve a more porous or more dense and hard substance. The details of the process and its results were published In an article In the magazine Advanced Sustainable Systems. Optimizing the capture of CO2. Another important factor is the calcium carbonate ratio and magnesium hydroxide obtained in the resulting material. This ratio depends, for example, the captured amount of carbon dioxide. According to The developers explaina 50/50 mixture of the compounds can allow to capture a ton of CO2 for every two tons of material. A more harmless waste. The process, as we indicated at the beginning, begins with the separation of water molecules. This generates, in addition to the ions used to unleash the subsequent chemical, hydrogen reactions. This gas is not only harmless but can also be used as an energy reserve. Of course, because electricity is part of the manufacturing process of this material, it must be taken into account that the net emissions of its production will depend on the mix energetic. That is, if the energy used in the process emits CO2 that is not captured, part of the capture would be lost. Another detail to keep in mind is that a good part of CO2 emissions associated with cement production They are generated at a different stage of its manufacture, when the sand is crushed with the limestone and heated at high temperatures capable of decomposing calcium carbonate. This problem occurs if the material is used in the creation of the cement and not when it is mixed later with it in the production of concrete. In Xataka | Construction has a gigantic environmental problem. Its solution: Solar cement plants Image | Northwestern University

Mexico has decided that bullfights are without blood. Spain already tried it in the Balearic Islands and did not go well

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In 2022 there were A first conato. In Mexico, a nation whose strong tradition to bullfights is equated with Spain, “the holidays” were prohibited. However, the Supreme Court revoked the suspension and returned. Solution? In an unprecedented event in La Nación, Mexico City has decided that there will be no blood in the runs. In Spain similar initiatives have been carried out, although with discouraging results. End to deaths. As we said, in a historical decision, the Congress of Mexico City approved by an overwhelming majority of 61 votes to 1 the prohibition of traditional bullfights, eliminating the possibility of hurting or killing To bulls during these events. The legislation, promoted by legislator Xóchitl Bravo Espinosa and backed by the Head of Government Claudia Sheinbaumwill allow the realization of runs without violence or blood, in which they will only be used CAPOTES AND WITHOUT STAQUES No flags. The prohibition marks a milestone in the city with the largest bullring on the planet, The Plaza Méxicowith capacity for 42,000 spectators and epicenter of a tradition with almost 500 years of history in the country. Of course, the bullfighting sector has reacted with indignation, announcing legal challenges and protests against the measure. An intermediate measure. Unlike a total prohibition, the reform will allow a version of bullfighting in which bullfighters can only use the cape and the red crutch, with a maximum duration of 15 minutes per bull and a limit of six bulls per event. According to Bravo Espinosa, this measure seeks balance animal welfare With the economic protection of those who depend on the industry, such as sellers, bull breeders and employees of the squares. The problem? That the defenders of bullfighting consider that the new regulation completely distorts the essence of tradition. The Plaza México described the reform as “A clear threat to one of the most entrenched cultural traditions in the country”, while bullfighting groups have declared that they will legally fight to reverse the prohibition. Context of a battle. The truth is that the prohibition in Mexico City is the most recent chapter of a battle that has been gaining ground in different parts of the country. Since 2013, Five of the 31 states of Mexico They have banned bullfights, reflecting the growing rejection of bullfighting. As We explainin 2022 a federal judge He suspended the runs in the capital after a demand from a group of human rights. However, the Supreme Court He revoked the suspension and allowed him Return of events In January 2024. Now, with the new legislation, traditional runs are officially eliminated in Mexico City, although bullfighting industry continues to seek legal mechanisms to challenge the measure. A cultural shock. The debate on bullfight has transcended the legal scope and has become A symbol of tension between respect for traditions and the evolution of social values ​​around Animal rights. While the defenders argue that bullfighting generates tens of thousands of jobs and that the number of bulls sacrificed is insignificant compared to livestock in general, opponents have denounced the brutality of the show. According to data from the Congress of Mexico City, in 2019 there were 168 bulls sacrificed in Plaza México, which activists consider a sample of unnecessary suffering inflicted on animals. The group Animal heroeswhich for six years leads the Mexico campaign without bullfights, celebrated the reform, but warned that they will continue to fight for the total abolition of bullfighting in the country. For his part, Salvador Arias, a Mexican bullfighting lawyer, said that a similar model already had failed in Spain In the Balearic Islands, where the lack of interest led to its disappearance and, shortly after, to its revocation by the Spanish courts. The case of Balearic Islands. What happened in Spain dates back to 2017, when the Balearic Parliament approved a law that prohibited the death and suffering of bulls in runs, establishing what was called “Cumshots without blood”. This regulation required that the bulls were not subjected to physical damage and that the runs would be limited to 10 minutes per animal, without the possibility of using flags, estas or swords. The measure was held by the defenders of animal rights, but caused The rejection of the bullfighting sector and led to an intense debate about the viability of the show without its traditional component. The sentence. In December 2018, the Constitutional Court of Spain annulled the lawarguing that he invaded state powers on cultural heritage, since bullfighting had been declared in 2013 as part of the country’s intangible cultural heritage. With that decision, the traditional runs with death of the bull again in the Balearic Islands in 2019, although with additional restrictions imposed by the regional regulations, such as the prohibition of the entry of minors to the Celebrations. The Judgment of the Constitutional Court It was a setback for the anti -urine movement in Spain and evidenced the legal difficulties to prohibit bullfighting at the autonomous level without a major legislative reform. Extinction or transformation. Thus, the Government of Mexico City will have a period of seven months To issue the final regulation on runs without violence, including the participation of all parties involved. Mayor Clara Brugada He celebrated the decision and described it as a great advance in animal protection. Although the prohibition has already been approved, the future of bullfighting in Mexico remains in dispute. Bullfighting and fans have warned that they will continue to fight in court to reverse the measure, while activists continue to press for Total eradication of runs in the country. What seems clear is that the resolution in the Mexican capital could be the trigger for other states to follow the same path, marking an irreversible change in a tradition that has defined the cultural identity of the country for centuries. That without having the great unknown: knowing if the public will accept this new form of bullfighting without blood or if, as in Spain, the option does not work out. Image | Christian Ramiro, Jorge … Read more

This disastrous adaptation of one of the most beloved series of the 80s was a box office failure. But he’s sweeping in Netflix

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He caught the attention at the time for two very different issues: on the one hand, it is the adaptation, hopeful, of one of the most legendary anime of the eighties, one that, in Spain, in addition, ignited the fondness of Japanese animation as significantly as his contemporaries ‘Dragon Ball’ or ‘Champions’. On the other, it was notorious for his Capital failure: only seven million dollars at the box officea completely improper collection for an adaptation of such a known series. We talk, of course, ‘The Knights of Zodiac’based on the legendary manga of Masami Kurumada and its running anime version, and now it is Available in Netflix. Interestingly, and although the number 1 in films is occupied by the (either very brilliant) ”Electric status‘, has reached a surprising number 2. Once again, films that are shipwrecked in cinemas find their space on the platforms of streamingwhere spectators find it easier to take a risk in search of content. In this new version we will meet Seiya, a teenage conflicting who makes a living fighting for money while looking for her kidnapped sister. When In one of his fights, mystical powers are revealed that he did not know, The young man discovers a world of saints at war, magical training and a reincarnated goddess who asks for her protection. It has a reserved place within the Knights of the Zodiac. The quality of the film was compared at the time with the disastrous adaptation in real image of ‘Dragon Ball’, although ‘The Knights of Zodiac’ is, perhaps, a step above. The sympathetic presence of a couple of stars in low hours (Famke Janssen and Mark Dacascos) and some, despite everything, overwhelming combat choreographies, make the disturbing disturbing in times: between horrendous digital effects and sub -sub -branches of a devastating ramp, a completely unworthy film of the epic touch and the adorable ingenuity of the original mangain. In Xataka | The anime triumphs in Netflix, and the figures sing: the platform is already one of the world’s Japanese animation

Claude joins the list of attendees who challenge Google with updated responses

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During the last decades, Google got so much in our lives that we ended up adopting the verb “google” as a synonym for looking for information. Phrases like “Give me a second to google” or “Did you google?” They became part of the day to day. But things are changing from the hand of artificial intelligence (AI). A giant who begins to give ground. Google is no longer the only access door to information. More and more users resort to attendees promoted by artificial intelligence (AI) to find answers. And that is where Perplexity, Chatgpt and now Claude come into play, who are gaining strength. Why we should pay attention. That a chatbot of AI can search the website makes the difference. Without that capacity, their answers are based only on the data with which it was trained, which can leave out key information or make it be left behind in the face of recent changes. Claude now search on the web. Anthropic’s chatbot is already able to obtain real -time internet information. In addition, it includes direct appointments so you can check the sources for yourself. Instead of showing only results, Claude processes them and presents the information in a conversational format easier to understand. Use scenarios. Now that Claude can search the web, the question is clear: in what cases does this function make the difference? Its creators have identified several key uses in which Internet access improves experience with chatbot, although the real limit is put by users and their needs. Account transformation and improvement in success rates in sales equipment through more informed conversations with customers, based on the analysis of the sector trends and the identification of key points. Market data assessment in real time, profits and tendencies of the sector to optimize investment decisions and improve the accuracy of financial models. Preparation of subsidy proposals and more solid bibliographic reviews thanks to access to primary sources on the web, the detection of emerging trends and the identification of lagoons in current research. Detailed comparison of products, prices and reviews in multiple sources to make more founded purchase decisions. At the moment, only in the US. The search function on the Claude website is now available for payment users in the United States. There is no confirmed date for its arrival in Europe. His arrival to the old continent is an unknown and it is not clear if he could be affected by local regulations, as has happened with Apple and Meta. Expansion is a matter of time. Anthropic states that Claude’s website will “soon” more countries already users of the free plan. The latter makes sense since the competition offers access to the search without going through a box. It is not known when it will expand, but what is undeniable is that competition in AI does not stop accelerating. Images | Anthropic In Xataka | The O1-PRO model of Chatgpt Pro is 140 times more expensive than the Chatgpt O3-mini. What is not clear is that it is much better

Its scientists have detected a design failure in NASA’s reactor

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United States and China are measuring their spatial capabilities In a race to build the first lunar base. Although NASA was victorious from the previous race to the moon against the Soviet Union, It is not so clear that it takes the lead On this occasion. For now, Chinese scientists They have found failures In a crucial element of NASA’s lunar program: its energy source. NASA’s lunar reactor. NASA leads US efforts to inhabit the moon with its partners of Artemisa agreements. The Chinese Space Agency CNSA and the Russian Roscosmos advancetogether with a small group of allies, in the development of the International Lunar Research Station (Ilrs), which It will start working in 2036 and Wait to house thousands of scientists. On the moon, one night lasts 14 terrestrial days, so more than solar panels will be needed to maintain the energy supply of the facilities. NASA He has been developing for years A small nuclear energy plant specially designed to function on the surface of the moon. This little fission reactor is called Fission Surface Power (FSP) and can generate 40 kW of power. China has found a failure. The researchers of the National Nuclear Corporation of China (CNNC) examined NASA’s proposal and discovered improveable aspects in their design. A study published by the Chinese scientific journal Atomic Energy Science and Technology Review these weaknesses focusing on the composition of nuclear fuel, the cooling system and the security control of the US reactor. Chinese scientists highlight the FSP reactor compact designbut they see a clear mistake in the choice of fuel. According to his study, the use of very enriched uranium cylindrical bars will require thick beryl layers as a armor to control intense radiation. In addition, it will limit the useful life of the reactor to about eight years due to the “fuel swelling” (fuel expansion), a phenomenon that makes the material increase in volume gradually due to radiation. To this we must add that the reactor has a simple control mechanism, less safe in critical situations. Remove, NASA, we do it. In addition to pointing out US design problems, CNNC scientists presented an improved version of the lunar nuclear reactor taking as reference both NASA design and an old Soviet space reactor called Topaz-II. The main improvements introduced by the Chinese lunar reactor are: Ring -shaped fuel bars: instead of solid cylinders, the bars have an annular shape, such as a hollow ring. Inside they have small uranium dioxide pills covered by stainless steel, allowing the heat generated by the nuclear reaction to dissipate better, using the interior and exterior of the refrigeration ring Double cooling system: The Chinese reactor has a cooling system based on a liquid metal (NAK-78) that flows through internal and external channels of annular fuel bars. This design allows the reactor temperature to be maintained below 600 ° C, which improves the safety and stability of the reactor Most efficient neutron moderator: Chinese design uses a material called ititrio hydride (YH1.8) as a moderator, the material responsible for slowing down neutrons, improving nuclear reaction and making it more efficient. Ititrium hydride is more stable than traditional nuclear moderators (such as zirconium hydride), which avoids dangerous hydrogen leaks and increases the safety and life of the reactor Less nuclear fuel necessary: ​​Thanks to its design and the use of Ititrium hydride as a moderator, the Chinese reactor needs only 18.5 kg of Uranium-235 in front of the NASA FSP reactor, which requires approximately 70 kg of U-235, almost four times more. Weight reduction is essential in space missions, not only due to cost savings, but because nuclear materials are being launched through the Earth’s atmosphere Your turn, United States. The Chinese reactor is up to 75% more efficient than that of NASA, and promises a useful life of 10 years, compared to the eight of the American reactor. This advance would potentially position China ahead of the United States in the objective of establishing a sustained and self -sufficient presence on the moon, since the constant energy that a nuclear reactor allows will be essential to be able to hold inhabited bases in the long term. But NASA design is not monolithic or closed. The expected thing is that, as China has done, the agency takes advantage of its opponent’s investigations to improve its own technology. What could also end up with companies that develop small modular reactors (SMR) for the supply of electricity on Earth. If something has space careers, they improve, based on research, technologies that end up moving to other industries. Images | POT In Xataka | We are building nuclear spacecraft again. NASA believes we will need them

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