Month: August 2025

Yes, to earn more money all your life

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Does income education influence? Greater degree is equivalent to a better payroll at the end of the month? Are there differences for example between those who have passed or not? And between a graduate and someone with a master’s degree? They are manida questions and that in recent years have given rise to all kinds of debates, but their answer is very clear, as you have just reminded us The last report on education indicators published a few weeks ago by the Government. Shark: The formation does influence salary (and enough). Clearing unknowns. In Your report State System of Education Indicatorsprepared with data from 2022, the Ministry of Education answers (and updates) some key questions related to training in Spain. Among them an issue that usually leads to debate: Does training really influence income? Does a graduate charge more than a person who only has the ESO? Their data reflect statistical measures, but leave a clear answer: yes. A figure: 18,916 euros. From the entrance, the study recalls that in 2022 the average labor income was in Spain at 18,196 euros. That is the general ‘photo’, the average of the whole country. When we go down to detail and divide people by educational levels, the drawing changes however considerably. “Income increase as the level of training does,” The report indicateswhich recalls that those people who do not even have the first stage of ESO receive a medium job income of 11,180 euros while the most qualified professionals, who have a second university degree, a degree or master’s degree, see how that average rises to 28,468. Is there more data? Yes, there are. Those are the two extremes of The listbut among them there is a wide intermediate scale of grays in which the same pattern is maintained: the higher formation, the higher the remuneration. Those who have finished the first stage of the ESO perceive on a half labor income of 13,860 euros, those who have finished the ESO reach 15,880, those who continue to form but without going through the university are located in 18,069 and those who have a first university degree, as a diploma or grade, enter average 22,509 euros. At the top of the rental scale are people with extra training, such as masters, with 28,468 euros. Education … and something else. The study reflects that there is Other factors that clearly influence labor income, such as experience. The titles matter, but also (and not little) the years of profession. For example, among the less qualified people, who do not have ESO, there is a clear difference between the people who have just started in the labor market and have less than ten years of experience and those veterans who accumulate at least three decades of trade behind them. Among the first the average income is 9,125 euros. For the latter that same indicator is triggered until it is placed at 11,332. The same goes for graduates and graduates with master. Those who have been working for only a few years earn 18,319 euros, data that rises above 31,100 when we talk about the most breginated professionals. “In 2022, according to work experience, workers with 30 or more years of professional career receive, on average, 62.3% more labor income than those who have been working for less than 10 years,” Slide The report of the Ministry of Education. Does something more influence? The answer is affirming again. Sex influences. Clear, also. For example, medium labor income amounted to 2022 to 20,701 in the case of them and 16,871 in them. This difference is maintained regardless of training or experience. If we go to the most qualified and valued segment, that of professionals with a master’s degree or degree that has been working for more than 30 years, we see that men charge 37,850 euros while women receive 31,162. However, that gap is not the same in all cases. “The biggest relative difference is observed in the average income for women with first -stage secondary studies, which is 11,128 euros, compared to 15,531 of men with the same formation, 28.3% lower. At the other end of the scale, women with diploma or university degree have an average income of 20,494 euros for 25,225 euros of men (18.8% less),” he clarifies. Beyond education. The education report is not the only one that reflects these differences in training. The INE It also confirms Very clear differences between the income of the less formed and the most qualified people. According to their data, the average monthly gross salary of people with incomplete primary studies barely went from 1,400 euros in 2022. Among the most formed people, with higher education titles, that same average exceeds 2,600 euros. In A report In which he analyzed the deviations with respect to the average salary based on the formation of the wage, Bankinter also appreciated the same phenomenon: the least qualified were 35.7% below the general average while the most prepared exceeded it in 65.8%. Images | Redd Francisco (UNSPLASH) and Ministry of Education In Xataka | The harsh reality of wages in Spain: the most frequent gross salary in 2023 did not exceed 16,000 euros a year

We knew that many use Starbucks as an office. In South Korea they lead to the printer, and the chain has said enough

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Enter a Starbucks store and meet several people installed with your laptop It is no novelty. The spacious tables, the plugs available, the air conditioning and, of course, the coffee, make these premises a habitual shelter for students and remote workers. A printer on the table. A cardboard separator to isolate itself from the world. A strip to plug laptop, mobile and tablet at the same time. All this has been seen – and is still seen – in some South Korea Starbucks. The phenomenon has shot, and therefore, the chain has decided to intervene. New standards in South Korea. The new regulation is clear: no printers, multi -mitoms or accessories that convert the premises into a portable office. This is what The Korea Herald collects itwhich adds that it is also not allowed to occupy several chairs or leave belongings for hours to “reserve” table. The original poster (left), the translation of Google Lens (right) From this week, employees have instructions to warn those who fail these guidelines. The measure communicates with a poster that already decorates dozens of stores in the country. And although the message is illustrated with a smiling bear, the background has nothing tender. What does it mean to be a 카공족. In South Korea, 카공족 It is the name that receives “the tribe that studies in coffee.” The term combines the words 카페 (cafeteria) and 공부 (study), and is used to describe those who spend hours working or reviewing notes in premises such as Starbucks. What began as a practical and punctual solution has become such a widespread custom that now raises a dilemma: is it a legitimate use of space or silent abuse of the common environment? The social reaction. The Donga Ilbo medium collects The testimony of Professor Seo Kyung-Duk, from the Sungshin Women’s University, who shared the image of the computer equipment with the cardboard separator: “It looks like a private office.” SEgún explainedeven the foreigner who accompanied him was bewildered: “How can anyone mark their territory in a public place like a cafeteria?” He asked, surprised. Some of the images that account for 카공족 in South Korea The author of the photo explained that this person did not return in all the time he remained in the store: “I spent three hours there and did not return once,” he said. Meanwhile, Asia Economy echoed some Of the most repeated reactions among users: “There is not even room to have coffee because of the 카공족,” said a person. Another ironized: “They leave their things and they will eat … is this a ‘Study Café’ or what?” Why have Starbucks Korea acted now? Starbucks has not acted in whim. According to the company, what is at stake is the collective experience. When a large table is occupied for hours by a single person, or when a client is absent leaving their objects as a reservation, the balance between those who enter, consume and leave, and those who turn the place into a personal office. There is also a commercial logic. Maintaining rotation is key in a business where each table counts. If someone occupies a seat for four hours with a single coffee, the impact is not anecdotal. If not, tell the owners of coffees in Barcelona, They are applying their own formula “anti occupies terraces”. Images | Athar Khan | 서경덕 (Via Donga Ilbo) In Xataka | We already know who is going to drink all the coffee that Brazil will not export to the US for the tariffs: China

the unwritten rules and the blacklist for those who jump them

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Ferrari is much more than a luxury car brand: It is a symbol of exclusivity and reputation that transcends economic power. Have a Ferrari in the garage not only It implies being a millionaireit also implies being worthy of him and respecting the brand. The Italian firm is known for exercising iron control about how their vehicles are shown in public and only admits as customers those who defend and represent their philosophy. Who do not comply those unwritten rulesThey run the risk of entering a blacklist. In doing so, Ferrari may allow them to buy ferraris of their “mid -range” like the Ferrari Romathe 296 GTB, but they can never buy one of the “premium”, such as the Ferrari EnzoLaferrari or the Ferrari F80for many millions that offer for them. In your download, Ferrari is not the only one that uses this strategy. Bugatti also applies vetoes to your unworthy customers. In fact, there are numerous stories of millionaires and celebrities who, when skipping these unwritten rules, have become part of that feared black list of Ferrari, and have even had to go through the courts. Good ferrarista manual Ferrari is clear that The value of its logo It goes far beyond the design of your cars. It is a matter prestige and tradition. Therefore, it closely monitors the use made of each of its vehicles, from the moment They leave the concessionaire until its appearance in public or social networks. Such is Ferrari’s zeal for this matter, that customers sign a contract with certain mandatory conditions before withdrawing their concessionaire car. This covers from the express prohibition of changing the color of the Ferrari, to the refusal to allow Ferrari’s emblem to be replaced or removed from the car. But the owners’ commitment to the brand goes further. Ferrari demands that the car be preserved in perfect condition, use in a responsible manner and never appear in situations that may attempt against their reputation. As recognized Benedetto Vigna, CEO of the brand: “We have to pay attention because we have to defend the values and identity of the brand.” The reasons and names behind the blacklist The main candidates to enter Ferrari’s blacklist are those millionaires who Tunish your cars In extravagant forms, they use the Ferrari for advertising purposes without the permission of the brand or They resell the car Before time. The brand makes it clear that it does not want to associate its logo to scandals, negative news or unique behaviors of its drivers. Ferrari 458 Justin Bieber’s tuned that brought him to the black list of Ferrari Many celebrities have fallen into the blacklist for concrete and documented reasons. Justin Bieber, for example, was excluded to forget for three weeks Where he had parked his Ferrari 458 tuning electric blue. Such and as they counted in Motorpasionthe DJ Deadmau5 is also vetoed after customizing its 458 with motifs of the video game Nyan Cat and call it “Purrari 458“, something that the brand considered disrespect. Philipp Plein fashion designer was sued by the brand for using his Ferrari 812 Superfast as a background for Advertise some shoes of your clothing brand. The court said that Plein should even pay compensation of 300,000 euros to Ferrari. Ferrari doesn’t care about money or fame Ferrari does not care how much money you have even if you are popular or how many Ferrari you have in your garage. If you enter the blacklist, you run out of ferraris. An example of it It’s Floyd Mayweatherwho came to possess up to 16 supercars of the brand, but was vetoed because the brand assured that it bought their cars only to show off and sell them soon, without assessing their works of art. A reason similar to that the brand alleged to put Kim Kardashian In his blacklist. Nicolas Cage or 50 Cent, seem to have the permanent veto for their financial problems or their unfortunate comments. The impertérrito actor sold his Ferrari Enzo for a price well below its valuestressed by the payment of some debts. That was not enough justification for the brand, which wrote its name in the infamous list with indelible ink. In Xataka | The Ferrari F150 Muletto M4 has been key in the history of Ferrari. The problem is that it has also been the ugliest Image | Barrett -JacksonFerrari

The satellite that disintegrated about Spain already has a name and surname

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We already have an explanation for the phenomenon that crossed the sky of Media Spain on Sunday near midnight. And as Okham’s razor dictates, it was the simplest explanation. Context. Full summer, full heat wave. Around 23:50 on Sunday, with the streets still full and many people on the beach or the pool looking at the sky with the Hope to see some perseipera handful of metal fragments began to shine in the sky. They soon appear videos from different points of the Peninsula and Balearic Islands. Those flashes had slowly traveled the sky of Media Spain. From the south of Andalusia they saw him on his heads. From as far as Barcelona saw him very low on the horizon. A Starlink satellite. Specifically, Starlink 30199, launched on July 10, 2023 from California, according to the Astrophysic calculations Jonathan McDowellfamous for documenting all space releases. The Spacex satellite resent the atmosphere at 23:45 on August 10 and disintegrated over Spain through the provinces of Cádiz, Malaga, Granada and Murcia. According to the CSIC BOLIDS RESEARCH NETWORKcould be seen from Andalusia, Aragon, Castilla-La Mancha, Community of Madrid, Euskadi, La Rioja, Navarra and Region of Murcia. Mess with the Chinese rocket. At first, McDowell himself had predicted that the remains burned in the atmosphere were those of the fourth stage of the Chinese Jielong-3 rocket, launched by the state-owned state company China Rocket on August 8. This caused a small stir because Europe and the United States They have stricter regulations so that companies actively extend the rockets in areas far from the population. While it is true that the Chinese rocket stage was orbiting the earth with a low perigee, resent an hour after the Starlink and with another trajectory. Three resentments a day. Starlink, the SPACEX Satellite Internet Serviceis the most numerous satellite constellation with more than 8,000 satellites, designed with a useful life of five years. Seeing these objects burning in the heavens will be increasingly normal. According to Spacex, they disintegrate completely when they fall on earth, although Effects of vaporized metal on the atmosphere They are still debate. Other objects, such as pressurized deposits, stages of larger and older and old satellites, do not disintegrate completely. It is estimated that every day they fall on earth three large pieces of space garbage. Some have done it in populated cities, such as the pieces of the Falcon 9 launch They fell in Poland. Image | SPMN CSIC In Xataka | The atmosphere is shrinking and that is a problem: they will not fit the 60,000 satellites that plan Spacex and company

A ‘short circuit’ in the brain

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We all take for granted that music is a universal source of pleasure. We use it to encourage, concentrate, celebrate or cope with a break. But, on the other hand, there is a small percentage of the population for which to listen to their ‘favorite’ song is as exciting as hearing the white noise of a signal without a sign. And it is not that they have bad taste or are weird, but that they suffer specific musical anhedonia. A recent review article Posted by researchers from the University of Barcelona and the University of McGill deepens why some people are immune to the charms of music. And the answer is not in his ears, but in a peculiar disconnection in the ‘circuits’ of his brain. The idea that someone does not like music may sound strange. However, researchers through tools such as Barcelona musical reward questionnaire (BMRQ) He has identified a group of people who, despite having a perfect audition and enjoying other pleasure sources such as food, money or sex, are completely indifferent to any song. This condition has been baptized as Specific Musical Anhedonia. These people can recognize whether a song is sad or cheerful, but they feel absolutely anything. They do not experience chills, their skin is not bristling or feeling the impulse to move to the rhythm of music. For them music is simply one more sound. With nothing more background. Studies have shown that these people have no problem feeling pleasure in general. By offering these patients rewards such as money, their brains and physiological responses such as sweating or heart rate, they responded as expected. And totally equal to the reaction presented by music lovers. But when listening to a song that this abysmal difference of emotion was presented. It is not an ear problem, it is a “wiring” problem The problem is in the reward system. We have all humans in our brain, and it is the responsible for feeling pleasure When eating chocolate, having sex or seeking security. This is where the classic animal experiment appears, where a mouse can have an electrode right in the area of this reward system and a button in front that by pressing it throws a download. Such is pleasure, that the mouse will not hesitate to be pressing it repeatedly to have that same feeling again and again, as if it were an orgasm. And this is where this investigation has been focused. Using one functional magnetic resonance (FMRI), the researchers observed what happened in these people’s brain while listening to music. With this test you can easily see the parts of the brain that are stimulated when receiving a stimulus. The results were revealing. When music sounded, its auditory bark (the part of the brain that processes the sound) They were activated normally. However, the Accumbens nucleus, a key region of the brain reward circuit, remained completely inactive. It is the center of pleasure, which lights up when we eat chocolate, we won a bet or fall in love. But in these patients, no stimulus appeared with music and remained dark. The problem, therefore, is not in the pieces, but in the wiring, which is what is known as brain tracks. The investigation specifically indicates a functional and structural disconnection between the auditory cortex (specifically in the upper right temporary turn) and the Accumbens nucleus. It is like having a plug and bulb that work perfectly, but the cable that UNE is damaged or directly does not exist. You can have a genetic component. A recent study with twins has thrown more firewood on the fire, demonstrating that sensitivity to musical reward has a genetic component of up to 54%. And most importantly: these genes are, for the most part, independent of those who regulate musical perception or the general ability to feel pleasure. This reinforces the idea that enjoying music is a different and specific biological capacity. Interestingly, there is also the opposite phenomenon: the Musicophilia. An exacerbated passion already obsessive for music. Different cases of people who, after a stroke or an operation have been documented, developed a compulsive desire to listen to music, something that was previously indifferent to them. This shows that specific brain circuits can both cancel and enhance our emotional connection with music. Images | Marcela Laskoski Weermeijer Robina Clem Onojaghuo In Xataka | The artificial skin that feels heat and cuts is already real. It is the first big step for robots to look more like us

Huawei’s problem against Nvidia is that China’s own companies prefer to continue using Nvidia

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Chinese companies that are dedicated to the development of large models of artificial intelligence (AI) are trapped. On the one hand they are being forced to deal with the export restrictions of the GPU imposed by the US government. And, in addition, they are subject to His own dependence on American technology. A priori the optimal solution for them would be to stop buying Nvidia and other US companies their chips for AI, and getting “comparable” GPUs proposed by Huawei or Moore Threadsamong other Chinese companies. However, as explained in your article to Foreign Policy The American analyst Kyle Chan, the scenario they face is more complicated than it seems. And it is that abandoning Nvidia in practice is very difficult. According to ChanTencent, Bytedance, Alibaba and other Chinese companies prefer GPUs for NVIDIA because their performance is greater, especially when facing the training processes of their AI models. However, they especially opt for the chips of this American company thanks to CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture). CUDA is the most devastating Nvidia weapon to continue leading in AI Hardware Most of the AI projects that are currently being developed are implemented on CUDA. This technology brings together the compiler and development tools used by programmers to develop their software for NVIDIA GPUs, and replace it with another option in the projects that are already underway it is a problem. Huawei, who aspires to an important portion From this market in China, it has Cann (Compute Architecture for Neural Networks), which is its alternative to CUDA, but for the moment CUDA dominates the market. “China must develop an alternative system to achieve self -sufficiency in AI” This declaration of Li Guojie, a computer scientist from the Chinese Academy of Sciences that is considered an authority in China, Express clearly how important are the tools that I just mentioned in the AI models development ecosystem: “China must develop an alternative system for achieve self -sufficiency in AI (…) Deepseek has had an impact on the CUDA ecosystem, but has not completely overcome it because barriers persist. In the long term we need to establish a set of software tool systems for the controllable that exceed CUDA. “ This is undoubtedly one of the great challenges that China faces in this area, and probably its best option is Cann. During the last five months Huawei has launched two GPU for Ia Very competitive and is about to take a very important step: Cann will position as an open source tool kit. Its purpose is, According to Eric Xu ZhijunRotary President of Huawei, “to accelerate the innovation of developers and get the chips of the Asce Family to be easier to use.” Xu Zhijun does not mention it expressly, but what his strategy pursues in the background is to increase the competitiveness of the Huawei ecosystem attacking Nvidia where he is stronger. In addition, it has already begun to discuss with the main actors of the AI industry of China, as well as with its business partners, universities and research institutions How to build your ecosystem Open source ascend. If this initiative thrives, and presumably will, it will represent a very important step forward on the road to China’s technological independence. Image | Nvidia | Huawei More information | Foreign Policy In Xataka | Nvidia has to deal with the absolute distrust of several US legislators. His plan in China is in danger In Xataka | The US wants to end the chips for the Chinese that are sold abroad. And China knows how to defend oneself

It was built on an artificial island and has been sinking for years

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At the end of the 1960s, commercial aviation was booming. The first civil aircraft with Turbofán engines, such as the Douglas DC-8 and Boeing 707they were redefining the rules of the passenger air transport game. As a result of this scenario, many countries in the world began to boost changes for a future where flights would multiply. Then In Japan they believed than the Osaka International Airportwhich operated for the Kansai region, would not be able to deal with the growing air market. Expanding its facilities, however, was not a plausible option. Due to a series of residents demands, the government had established strict operating standards to this airport. An airport on an artificial island To avoid limits as a limited operating schedule and the impossibility of carrying out an ambitious work to expand the existing airport, it set out to build “A second Kansai airport” The project was advancing, little by little, during the following years. In order to avoid the noise pollution of the planes of that time it was concluded that the new airport should be at least three kilometers from the coast. Under this premise, The works began in 1987 five kilometers inside Osaka Bay. Kansai International Airport To shape the artificial island they were made multiple excavations in adjacent mountainous areas in order to obtain sufficient material to fill the site. Every day, from 4 in the morning until the afternoon, the members of the land project used machinery to throw thousands of cubic meters of rock on the seabed. Osaka Bay Marine bed The oceanic relief of this area is made up of a surface layer of 20 meters thick called Holocene layer. Then comes a layer of hard clay and gravel of many meters thick, which can be divided into upper and lower level parts. These layers usually yield when they are under pressure, And the builders knew it perfectly. Kansai International Airport with its first phase (left); With its two phases (right) The first phase of the project was designed by the Italian architect Renzo Piano and began with the construction of a landing floor and a passenger terminal in 1991. To compensate for the sinking of the same, special columns were installed with base metal plates to support the weight of the structure. Opened its doors to the public in September 1994. Four months later, The one that was considered one of the most expensive and complex civil works in history He received his fire test. On January 17, 1995, the Asian country was beaten by the Kobe earthquakewhose epicenter stood several kilometers from the airport. The structure resisted with slight damage thanks to its advanced antisismic design. In 1996, the construction of another track and passenger terminal was given green, second phase that demanded a good amount of years to complete. In 2007 it was partially inauguratedwhich allowed a limited service and, in turn, decongest the other parts of the airport. Since then, the airport has starred in several improvements and maintenance works. Boeing 747 at Kansai International Airport The ability of those responsible for the project to carry out a work of such magnitude has received praise throughout the world. In 2001 he was awarded the prize “Millennium Civil Engineering Monument“From the American Society of Civil Engineers. But it has also received an avalanche of criticism, mainly at its cost of realization. In 2008, Kansai International Airport had consumed more than 20,000 million dollars. Many of the expenses derived from the necessary tasks to mitigate the sinking of the artificial island. In 1994, the sinking rate was around 50 centimeters per year, although it is currently by below 10 centimeters. Engineers have resorted to a system of sand drainage to address the problem of sinking. The same consists of placing sand piles in the clay area that allow the water to escape and clay to harden. Since the beginning of the project, 900,000 piles have been installed that, in the light of the data, seem to be fulfilling their function. Images | Wikimedia (1, 2) | The Kansai International Airport | Google Maps | Ken h (CC By-SA 2.0) In Xataka | It is assumed that the US is already developing the successor of the legendary SR-71. It is supposed because everything is super secret *An earlier version of this article was published in August 2024

Open the car from the mobile promises comfort. A failure has shown that we may not be the only ones with the key

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Imagine that it is enough to look at the windshield of a car to score its frame number – a 17 -character code visible from outside – introduce it into an internal tool, find out the name of the owner and link that vehicle to a mobile account. From there, you could unlock the doors remote from an official app, without touching a lock or forcing anything. That is fair what a cybersecurity researcher demonstrated After accessing the internal portal used by the dealers of a large car brand. We do not talk about an attack on users or public servants, but about a gap on the business platform that connects the manufacturer with its sales network. A rear door with access to connected functions and personal data. The failure was not in the car, but in the chain that unites everything Behind this finding is Eaton Zveare, who has been tracking vulnerabilities into digital platforms of large brands, especially of the automobile sector. This time it was no different. Zveare discovered that the internal web portal of a known car brand It allowed to modify the behavior of the system from the browser itself. Specifically, it managed to alter the login page code to skip security checks and create an administrator account with national privileges. With that account, access covered more than 1,000 concessionaires in the United States. From there, the problem dimension changed completely. It was not just about accessing internal resources of a concessionaire. The account he managed to generate gave access to the complete system: I could see the data of all the concessionaires connected, act in the name of other users without knowing their credentials and, the most delicate, accessing tools that allowed them to consult information about vehicles and their owners. All that from a platform that, in theory, is reserved for professionals in the sector. Zveare did not force anything, did not installed any malicious software or attacked from the outside. What he found was a badly closed door within a legitimate system. And the most worrying thing is that this door not only allowed him to enter: he offered, from within, a set of tools that nobody outside the manufacturer should control so easily. In the United States, the laws that regulate the sale of vehicles vary by state, but share a common principle: in most of them, Manufacturers cannot sell new cars directly to the consumer. They are obliged to do so through independent dealers, legally protected against direct competition of the manufacturer. That has given rise to a franchised network structure that groups thousands of points of sale and after -sales. Tesla has tried to uncheck that model and sell directly, but it has not been easy. Although he has achieved it in some states, in many others he continues to find legal restrictions that prevent him from selling or even delivering vehicles directly. Your case is the most visible exception, but not the norm. The most delicate is not that this system showed confidential information. The serious thing is that it allowed to act with high privileges, as if one is part of the official structure of the manufacturer. From there, it was possible to assume identities of other employees, intervene on registered vehicles anywhere in the country or access functions designed exclusively for authorized technicians. The portal was designed to give agility to the dealer network, not to resist malicious access from within As we say above, each car has a unique frame number. It is a code of 17 characters – right and numbers – that serves to legally identify it throughout the world. What the average driver probably does not imagine is that this code is visible from the outside, at the base of the windshield, and that in the context of this case it was the entrance key. In a real test, Zveare introduced a visible vin from the outside and obtained the name of the owner. From the portal it was also possible to match the vehicle to a new mobile account. Zveare did not try to drive any vehicles or alter its physical configuration. But with the control that I had, open it at a distance and empty its interior would have been perfectly possible. Today, The name of the affected manufacturer has not been made public. And it’s not because nobody knows. The researcher who discovered vulnerability, does know what brand he was behind the committed portal, but has decided not to mention it in his report or during his defense presentation. Nor Techcrunch, the first medium that echoed the case, has revealed the identity of the manufacturer. It is not something so unusual. In some cases, researchers choose to maintain the anonymity of the company involved by prudence, even when vulnerability has already been corrected to avoid putting third parties at risk: concessionaires, employees or customers who still depend on that system. It can also influence the fact that the compromised platform gave access to entire networks, not an isolated server. Images | Xataka with Gemini 2.5 Flash In Xataka | Bugatti decided not to put speakers in a car of four million euros. His secret is a technique of 1881

China has shielded its space station against embargoes and sanctions. The key is how it has built it

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When Yang Liwei became The first Chinese astronaut in 2003The United States and Russia – bypassing the advances of the former Soviet Union – already accumulated decades of experience and more than fifty manned missions. In just over twenty years, that gap has been reduced by leaps and bounds. Of a modest debut, China has become humans to space, Mars And finally, To raise your own space station. A project that points to self -sufficiency with its own technology In Beijing they do not hesitate to show off technological independence. Yang Hong, chief engineer of the space station system, summed it up in June this year: “The central technologies of the Chinese Space Station have intellectual property totally independentand all its components are of national manufacture. ” The statement is ambitious: an orbital laboratory raised without resorting to foreign licenses, with all its critical systems designed and produced in China. To understand how China has come to raise its own space station, it is convenient to go back to 2011. That year, the US Congress approved the call Wolf amendment, a provision that prevents NASA and some federal offices use funds to cooperate bilaterally with Chinese entities in spatial matters, except express authorization from Congress and Certification of the FBI. This includes the exchange of technology, data or training, and in practice has blocked any Chinese access route to the International Space Station through NASA. The measure was officially justified for security reasons and concerns about sensitive technology transfer. Analysts like Makena Youngfrom the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), argue that the exclusion imposed by the Wolf amendment “has encouraged China to Accelerate your space programscreating a serious competitor for American leadership in this key scanner of exploration ” Everything indicates that this led Beijing to reinforce its long-term plans and redefine its strategy: move towards a manned program with greater independence, with Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2 as test laboratories before the current station. Now, is there inheritance of previous designs? Yes, and it is not a secret. But one thing is the historical lineage and another, the current dependence. The key is in critical blocks, presumably energy, attitude control, life support, navigationcommunications, computation and software. If those links are under national control, the self -sufficiency narrative gains strength, which means that there are no weak points that a rival country can take advantage of. In operations, there have been no public signs of external dependence: crew rotations and the resupplies have been fulfilled. But there enters the nuance: outside the official story, there are no independent verifications, so it is convenient to avoid absolute, despite the solid signals of autonomy. If we see this from a broader perspective we can discover that the US vetoes They have promoted the development of more advanced national chipsimprovements in manufacturing nodes, An impulse in electric mobility. External barriers have not stopped Beijing: they have been, rather, A strategic catalyst. Images | CMS In Xataka | The state of the ISS is so alarming that the United States and Russia have sat at the table for the first time in eight years In Xataka | It was not an extraterrestrial ship, but not a giant kite. We were totally wrong about 3i/Atlas

Persees fall so fast to the earth that only three astronauts have managed to photograph them “from above”

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How do you see a fleeting star from the International Space Station? If it is already difficult to capture the persistent here, Although there are guides for itdo it from space, moving to 27,600 km/h, when the persistes pass that speed to eight times and burn in a second, demands patience. But at least three astronauts have achieved it: two Americans and one Russian, each with a very particular style. Image | Ron Garan, Nasa Ron Garan. The former NASA astronaut, flight engineer of expedition 28, took this photo on August 13, 2011, during The meteor rain of the Perseids. The International Space Station was flying over China, about 400 kilometers northwest of Beijing, when Garan managed to immortalize the flash of a persistent burning in the earth’s atmosphere. The photo was no accident. The astronaut had placed himself in the ISS dome with his fair camera during the Perseidas Activity Peak. The green and yellow glow that is perceived between the earth and the emptiness of space is the luminescence of the atmosphere: atoms and molecules that are excited with sunlight during the day and release this energy at night. As for the intense blue brightness under the solar panels of the station, it is dawn. Image | Scott Kelly, Nasa Scott Kelly. Known for spending a year in space to compare with his twin brother Mark, former American astronaut also took advantage of expedition 44 to take pictures. On August 12, 2015, Kelly achieved an image of the stelae left by the Perseids in the long exhibition photos. In the absence of Luna, the starry sky stands out almost more than our planet. From the perspective of the International Space Station, which orbits the Earth to about 400 kilometers of altitude, meteors such as Perseids go underneath, heating up to incandescence. The bright grains of dust travel about 60 kilometers per second, disintegrating about 100 kilometers on the earth’s surface. Image | Oleg Kokonnko, Roscosmos Oleg Kononenko. The Russian cosmonaut, which has traveled five times to space and is the person who has spent the most days out of the earth (1,111), He also has his photo of a Perseida. He took it on August 9, 2024 from the International Space Station. And although the city of the background is a bit climbing, the detail with which he managed to capture the fleeting star makes it an iconic image. It is believed that it is perseiled for the date. These meteors are particles expelled by the Swift-Tuttle comet throughout their orbit, which is close enough to the earth on these dates to be dragged by the gravitational field of our planet. The Pico de Activity occurs in mid -Augustbut you can see the persistes from the end of July to the beginning of August, full summer in the northern hemisphere, which makes them the most popular meteor rain to this side of the world. Image | Scott Kelly, Nasa In Xataka | Emptied Spain is an ideal place to see the Perseids: we have some ways to find the ideal place

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