years

We have been looking for new weapons against superbugs for years. We have designed one at 400 km altitude

by

Humanity has a big problem right now that can condemn it to its disappearance: antibiotic resistance. This forces science to be in a constant search for new treatments and also for raising awareness of the responsible use of drugs. And the last place where they have found a new path of research is in space. The study. A team of researchers from the University of Wisconsin-Madison has published in PLOS Biology the results of an experiment carried out aboard the International Space Station (ISS), demonstrating that the absence of gravity not only alters cellular behavior, but also accelerates evolutionary processes that would be unlikely on Earth. Something that is undoubtedly very important, since it has been seen how phage T7a virus that has the ability to infect a bacteria to kill it, developed genetic mutations in space that would not have occurred on Earth surely. Some mutations that allowed us to attack a specific bacteria that would have been unthinkable on Earth. A changing biology. On Earth, biologists are quite clear that if a virus binds to a bacteria and infects it, it can kill it. But to understand this you have to know that on our planet the interaction of these two elements in a liquid medium is facilitated by gravity. A key factor for both beings to collide within the medium. On the International Space Station these forces disappear. The movement of the particles is almost exclusively reduced to the Brownian diffusionthat is, the random movement of particles. And here it was seen that this had a great impact on the kinetics of the infection. What happened. The first thing that could be seen is that the bacteria’s ability to divide to give new ‘children’ was reduced, causing it to increase up to four hours, making it difficult for the virus and the bacteria to meet. However, after 23 days of culture on board, the infection was successful. In this way, the viral population not only reached the bacterial population, but the selective pressure of the environment forced the virus to optimize its attack mechanisms with different mutations. Genetic engineering. By analyzing the DNA of viruses that arrived from space, the research team discovered the evolution that had taken place. In this way, it was seen how it had mutated in record time in different genes that are key, such as the one used to synthesize the ‘legs’ with which it anchors itself to a bacteria. The most relevant thing is that these mutations were not random, but a direct response to the lack of frequent contacts. Having fewer opportunities to collide with a bacteria because they replicated less, the virus evolved to be more efficient at adsorption (the process of adhering to the cell surface) once it made contact. For its part, the bacteria E.coli also responded to environmental stress. The analyzes showed mutations in the genes mlaA and hldEresponsible for maintaining the integrity of the outer membrane and the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides. This suggests that the bacteria attempted to “shield” their surface both to resist microgravity and to prevent phage entry, creating a molecular arms race different from the one on Earth. Its importance. Once this has been proven, the question is clear: why do we care? The key is that the researchers used variants of the virus that evolved in space and pitted them on Earth against strains of uropathogenic E. coli that had developed resistance to phage T7 original. And the result was spectacular: the mutated viruses killed these resistant bacteria. This suggests that microgravity makes it possible to explore an “adaptive landscape” that is inaccessible under Earth’s gravity. On Earth, evolution pushes phages down already known “low resistance” paths. In space, extreme conditions force the virus to unlock alternative genetic pathways that we did not know about until now. A new model. This discovery validates a hypothesis that has been brewing for years in astrobiology and biotechnology: space is not just a place for observation, but a unique manufacturing environment. In this way, if we can use the EES, or future commercial stationsas incubators to direct the evolution of bacteriophages, we could generate a library of therapeutic viruses that are capable of defeating the superbacteria that currently threaten global health systems. That is why it is not about artificial genetic engineering, but about using directed evolution in an environment where physical rules favor the appearance of exceptional biological traits. Images | POT CDC In Xataka | Manufacturing materials to produce chips in space is not science fiction. It is a very real plan that is already underway

The supermarket sector has been highly contested in Spain for years. Now it is reflected in networks with the super hooligans

by

That the supermarket sector is disputed highly disputed In Spain it is nothing new. Especially since Mercadona undertook a unstoppable conquest which has allowed it (thanks to its white brands and prepared dishes) to monopolize almost 30% of the marketat least in terms of value. What is new is that this rivalry between chains is encouraging a phenomenon as curious as chanante in networks: a pulse between ‘hoolingans supermarket’. Same as the ultras who have been going to football stadiums for decades, only in this case the phenomenon is cooked up on networks (X, Instagram or TikTok), through memes and focused on the main store chains. The protagonists here are not Real Madrid, Barça or Atlético, but Mercadona, Lidl, Aldi or Dia. Goodbye Barça, hello Bonpreu Click on the image to go to the tweet. Before getting into the matter, I propose a game. Enter TikTok, type the hashtag #hooligans and take a look at the search results. You will see that there are videos of ‘conventional’ ultras (what anyone would expect to find in a search like this) and others less orthodox that show images of people with balaclavas, scarves, flags and banners that do not read the names of football clubs, but of that store where you buy yogurt and bread. That is, nothing from Real Madrid, Barça, Atlético, Manchester United, Bayern Munich, Paris Saint-Germain or any other sports club. What they wave are flags that read Mercadona, Eroski, Aldi or Hipercor. In fact, it is their corporate colors that predominate in the scarves and flares. The phenomenon is so curious that a few days ago the @MariaMayrit account dedicated it an interesting thread in X, where he baptized it as “supermarket ultras.” Click on the image to go to the tweet. Click on the image to go to the tweet. What differentiates them from traditional hooligans? To begin with, the focus of attention It goes from sports to supermarket chains, but that is just one of its peculiarities. Another (fundamental) is that the ‘super ultras’ are a phenomenon that is concentrated on social networks and memesphere. There is no known group of fans of Mercadona, Alcampo, Hipercor or Covirán (to name four chains) that remain in the parking lots of shopping centers to confront each other. Your territory It is another: that of the meme, virality, montages and images generated with artificial intelligence. That does not mean that the phenomenon of ‘super hooligans’ is a curiosity limited to networks, a passing fad fueled by AI. In addition to videos and montages, there are also accounts focused on that content. In the end it is linked to something much more important: the weight that the large chains in the sector retail are acquiring in our daily lives as we homes change. The best example probably Mercadona leaves itwhich no longer aspires only to be the place where we buy food to fill the refrigerator, but rather our reference in general food, the place where they cook for you and you even sit down to eat. The ultras memes confirm something else: the roots that some brands, such as Mercadona, FGadis, HiperDino, Alimerka or Bonpreu, have achieved in certain communities. In fact, the sector itself manages studies that show that the super regionals are supporting the push of the giants of the industry. The reason: their commitment to certain products, but also the value of closeness to identity, precisely what is exploited (with a certain dose of humor) by the memes that circulate these days on the networks about ‘supermarket ultras’. Images | x In Xataka | Mercadona has grown so much in Spain that for the US it is no longer just a supermarket chain: it is a “cultural phenomenon”

We have been using ginger as medicine for 2,500 years. Science has just proven us right

by

Before pharmacies occupied every corner, ginger already existed. What for more than two millennia was the best kept secret of Asian pharmacies, today is undergoing the most rigorous examination of the microscope. This underground stem—technically a rhizome, not a root—has gone from being a simple cookie seasoning to becoming a protagonist in clinical nutrition. As Dr. Joshua Forman, a gastroenterologist in Maryland, says, in an interview with Washington Postsometimes we become obsessed with expensive and complex drugs while ignoring what is in front of us. “It’s funny how the simplest things go unnoticed,” reflects the expert. From the herbalist to the laboratory. “Popular wisdom” is no longer alone, science has taken over with force. A massive review of 109 clinical trials published in Nutrients confirms that ginger is not a placebo; It works, especially when the digestive system rebels. But the findings go beyond simple stomach relief. In fact, a meta-analysis in Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine has brought to the table something unthinkable years ago: its ability to help regulate blood sugar and protect the heart in patients with type 2 diabetes. What does the scientific verdict say? If we look at the evidence, ginger works with almost surgical precision on three fronts. First, in pregnancy; Just 1.5 grams can change a woman’s day with morning sickness. Furthermore, a study in it Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology even compared its effectiveness against menstrual pain with that of ibuprofen, with astonishing results. However, the most fascinating thing happens at the cellular level. Recent research in JCI Insight They suggest that ginger could “stop” the hyperactivity of certain body defenses, something key for those who suffer from lupus. Even in the brain, the magazine Frontiers in Nutrition points to a shield effect that could delay the progression of diseases such as Alzheimer’s by reducing inflammation of neurons. The chemistry of the rhizome. The secret of ginger resides in its compounds bioactives: gingerols, shogaols and zingerones. These compounds act on nerve receptors (such as 5-HT3 and TRPV1) that regulate pain and nausea signals. Additionally, ginger is a real accelerator. In the teststhe stomachs of those who took it took only 12 minutes to empty, almost half that of the control group. Of course, a warning for sailors: it is a master at relieving nausea, but if vomiting has already started, its effect is much less. It is not a “magic” solution for everything. Despite its rise on social networks like TikTok under tags like #GutHealth, experts warn: Be careful with him Ginger Ale: Dr. Forman warns in the post That most commercial ginger sodas contain corn syrup and artificial flavorings, but almost no real ginger. The ideal is a homemade infusion (grating the root and boiling it for 10 minutes). It is not a miraculous “detox”: there is no conclusive evidence that ginger “shots” on an empty stomach detoxify the body or lose weight on their own without a balanced diet. Dangerous interactions: Because ginger inhibits platelet aggregation, it should not be combined with anticoagulants such as warfarin, as increases the risk of bleeding. Science and nature, hand in hand. Ginger has gone from being a simple home remedy to becoming an “evidence-based supportive complementary option.” While it should not replace medical treatment in severe cases, science confirms that this rhizome is one of the few “superfoods” that truly lives up to its name, offering a low-cost and highly effective solution to improve daily quality of life. Image | Unsplash Xataka | There are people taking a “shot” of apple cider vinegar in the morning. Science has an opinion on this

Germany is experiencing a new “industrial miracle” that it already experienced 90 years ago: that of weapons

by

Germany has been living a transformation silent but very deep. The country that saw the birth of the industrial miracle of the automobile is seeing something similar again, but from a perspective completely different: rearmament, which until recently was a political taboo and a social discomfort, has become a great industrial and labor accelerator. War as a driving force. The country, pushed by the russian invasion of Ukraine and the feeling that the American umbrella is already It’s not so automatic As before, it has been shifting its center of gravity towards defense with a mix of strategic urgency and productive ambition. And that mutation is measured in something very specific: employment, factories, supply chains and a demand that is no longer described as temporary, but as a new normal that promises to last for years, with orders that come in like a wave and companies that prepare to produce at scale, with war economy rhythms without the need to call it that. Mass hiring. German defense contractors have entered into a veritable hiring feverincreasing its workforce by nearly a third in just four years. The data provided by a representative group of large companies and start-ups shows a jump from around 63,000 workers in 2021 to almost 83,000 today Within its defense-focused divisions, a 30% growth which reflects the extent to which the industry is expanding at real speed. I remembered the financial times that, although these figures do not cover the entire sector and there are large companies that did not participate, the portrait is enough to understand the direction of the country: Germany not only buys more weapons, but is rearming its industrial muscle to manufacture, sustain and modernize them, with a labor market that is beginning to reorganize itself around this new priority. Rheinmetall Panther KF51 The budget turn. The great fuel for this expansion is public money converted into contracts. Since 2022, the German Ministry of Defense has signed arms deals worth of 207,000 million eurosand last year alone it concentrated 83,000 million, a figure that contrasts with the 23,000 million in 2021 and that summarizes the break with the previous stage. The most significant thing is that the trend does not aim to stop: Chancellor Merz, in office since May, has relaxed the strict debt rules to allow the level of spending needed in defense, a message that, beyond politics, works as an industrial signal: there will be stable demand, continuity and visibility, just what companies need to invest, expand capacity, hire and plan for the long term without fear that everything will freeze with the next electoral cycle. The real size of the sector. Even with this boom, the German defense industry remains a relatively modest player in terms of employment when compared to the country’s historical giant: the automobile. The Ministry of Economy itself cited around 105,000 jobs direct in defense in 2022, and although the figure will have risen since then, it remains far from the approximately 700,000 workers in the automotive sector, today hit by layoffscompetitive pressure and technological transition. This comparison is important because it cuts to the root a repeated idea: that rearmament can “replace” the car as a great work cushion. Defense can grow a lot, even draw on industry and attract talent, but due to volume it does not seem capable of absorbing the size in the short term. of the engine crisisat least not quickly or massively. Airbus and Reinmetall. Within the employment map, Airbus stands out as the largest employer, with around 38,000 people working in defense worldwide and just over half in Germany, manufacturing key pieces of European military architecture such as the Eurofighter Typhoon and the transport plane A400M. right behind Rheinmetall appearswhich has become the most visible symbol of the boom: the producer of tanks, artillery and ammunition has grown from about 15,400 employees in 2021 at 23,500 todaythe greatest absolute leap among the companies analyzed, and its CEO, Armin Papperger, has even projected a target of 70,000 employees in three years. In parallel, Rheinmetall has begun to experience something that in Germany is a cultural indicator: social attractiveness. He speaks of hundreds of thousands of applications in a single year, as if defense had stopped being a dark or secondary sector to suddenly become a bet for the future for engineers, technicians and industrial profiles. Military startups. The big relative surprise is in the new scene of military start-upsyoung companies focused on surveillance systems or weapons not always publicly detailed, that are raising hundreds of millions in financing and growing at a rate almost unthinkable a decade ago. The most striking case It’s Helsing.which makes armed drones and whose workforce has grown 18-fold in four years after evolving from an artificial intelligence software approach to hardware productiona leap that involves going from selling algorithms to build real objects with parts, assembly lines, logistics and maintenance. This movement is, in itself, a statement: European defense no longer wants to depend only on digital innovation, it wants to convert innovation in physical and deployable systemsand for that you need companies capable of manufacturing and scaling, not just programming. The State accelerates. From within the sector, the discourse is one of sustained takeoff. The BDSV employers’ association, in the voice of Hans Christoph Atzpodien, insists that growth will accelerate because Germany has streamlined processes purchase and has given more visibility on future demand, which allows capacity planning with less uncertainty. The phrase is almost industrially literal: now everything is placed so that large orders “arrive at the doors” of manufacturers. If you want and how do we countthe scenario describes a change of era: for years Europe talked about spending more on defense, but it did so with administrative slowness, political doubts and eternal programs; now the feeling is that the system is being reconfigured to buy and produce urgently, because the threat is perceived to be close and the margin for improvisation has been exhausted. The great temptation: “steal” the car. … Read more

three out of four workers have not improved their purchasing power in two years

by

Salaries rise, but they give less and less. At least that is the perception of three out of every four workers in Spain, who feel that They have lost purchasing power or they have not improved it in the last two years, despite having chained annual salary increases. This leaves an increasingly widespread feeling: working serves to cover holes, but not to live better. ​In response to this perception, the majority cut back on leisure and vacations to face basic housing expenses, shopping basket and paying bills. What is striking is that only a minority consider asking for a salary increase in 2026. They don’t make it to the end of the month. The photograph left by the last InfoJobs report It is that of a labor market in which 38% of workers have lost purchasing power in the last two years and 34% say that it has remained the same. This means that almost three out of every four employees have not perceived a real improvement in their ability to save or in its purchasing power. The survey indicates that only 28% claim to have increased their purchasing power. This situation occurs especially in young people between 16 and 24 years old who are entering their first jobs, so they start from a very low previous income. The salary in Spain. According to Eurostat data The average annual salary in Spain in 2024 was 33,700 gross euros, below the 39,808 gross euros that on average registered the European Union. But the averages leave room for interpretation. If we use the data collected by the last 2023 Annual Salary Structure Survey, The median salary in 2023 was 23,349 euros, while the modal salary (the most common) was within the limits of the Minimum Interprofessional Salary with 15,574.85 euros per year. Increases that do not compensate for inflation. The InfoJobs survey indicates that 52% of those surveyed have had a slight salary improvement and 6% recognize a significant increase. Even so, only 40% declare that they have improved their purchasing power, which indicates that a relevant part of these increases has been absorbed by inflation and the rising cost of living. Among those who have received salary increases, a considerable proportion indicate that their economic capacity remains the same or has even worsened. InfoJobs summarizes this gap by noting that “perceived increases are not translating into a real match with the cost of living.” Furthermore, moderation weighs on expectations of increases in the future and they expect insufficient increases in the coming months. 69% estimate that the salary improvement will be less than 1,200 euros gross per year (an increase of 100 euros gross per month) and half do not plan to exceed 2,400 euros gross per year. The payroll goes to housing and basic expenses. The spending structure reinforces the feeling of suffocation in which 92% of those surveyed have had to cut expenses. The InfoJobs survey indicates that dwelling and the shopping basket They add up to 44% of the workers’ monthly budget. Savings represent only 10% of the salary, which greatly limits the possibility of building a financial cushion or facing unforeseen events. Between the ages of 25 and 44, a stage in which mortgages or high rents are usually assumed, housing absorbs 26% of the salary. This implies applying cuts to spending, which are concentrated mainly on leisure and free time (78%), and on vacations and getaways, with 75% of workers having cut their budget to cover the essentials. ​Dissatisfied with salary. The survey reflects that 33% of workers are dissatisfied with his salaryespecially women under 35 years of age and people with low or medium salaries. Despite everything, the percentage of general dissatisfaction decreases compared to the 39% that was registered in last year’s consultation. However, this discontent does not translate into an intention to ask for a raise. Only 17% of workers plan to ask for a salary increase in the coming months, while 83% will not do so. Among those who do not plan to apply for it, just over a third attribute it to the fact that they expect the employer to take the step (21%) or to the fact that they have already had a recent review (16%). A complicated labor market. The majority consider it difficult to find a job that provides a substantial improvement in their current salary or working conditions, which causes a certain immobility in the active search for improvement by changing jobs, as is the case. how it was happening in recent years. The conciliation conditions appear as the most difficult aspect to improve for 45% of employed people, closely followed by the possibility of accessing better salaries, which 42% see as especially complicated. According to the authors of the report, “taken together, the data reflect a labor market that workers perceive as not very permeable to improvement, where progress in salary, conciliation or professional development is increasingly complex.” In Xataka | A study has compared the gap in public salaries vs. private companies in Europe and has found a problem: Spain Image | Unsplash (Emil Kalibradov)

After 20 years of works and 4,000 million euros, Asturians demand one last thing for the AVE: traveling with their dog

by

“Our dogs are family. They are not an extra suitcase, they are an essential part of the trip. Europe is already ahead of us by allowing dogs of all sizes on trains. Why can’t Renfe be just as modern and empathetic?” With these words and the support of more than 5,000 signatories, Isa Díaz Yusta, who promotes a petition on Change.org, summarizes the feelings of Renfe travelers in the north of the country as stated The New Spain. And the train company does not allow the access of dogs weighing more than 10 kg on the routes that go to Galicia, Asturias or the Basque Country. That impossibility has open a wound in northern Spain. The aforementioned request is not the only one. With almost 5,000 supports, another user of the same platform also has a petition open for Renfe to allow dogs weighing more than 10 kg to travel on these routes. “We can’t always drive or leave them with someone. Many of us need the train to go see family or for work, and leaving our colleagues behind is not an option,” says the promoter on this occasion. Arancha Gómez, again another Change.org user, asks that the possibility of carrying accompanying dogs be expanded on all lines operated by Renfe. It is the same thing that Laura Serena asks for, whose request has already been collected more than 26,000 signatures. I don’t have a driving license, so I depend entirely on public transportation. And, although I have been waiting for a change for years, Renfe only allows traveling with dogs weighing more than 10 kg on four routes. FOUR!!. The rest of the country remains inaccessible for those of us who travel with large dogs. Not without my dog Indeed, as noted in the last petition, Renfe only allows traveling with dogs weighing more than 10 kg on limited routes. Since the petition was launched, Renfe has been expanding the destinations in which you can travel accompanied by large dogs but, for now, the only AVE available are still the following: Madrid-Barcelona Madrid-Zaragoza Madrid-Alicante Madrid-Valencia Madrid-Seville Madrid-Málaga Madrid-Granada However, the company The possibility of traveling with dogs is not enabled between 10 and 40 kg on all high-speed and long-distance lines. On the contrary, dogs of this size and any other can ride on Cercanías trains. If we want to travel with a dog weighing less than 10 kg, Renfe allows us to do so on all AVE, long-distance, AVLO, medium-distance and metric gauge trains. Except in the latter, the pet can travel in a carrier that does not exceed 60x35x35 cm for a surcharge. On those trains that have places specifically reserved for dogs to travel, you can pay 35 euros so that the pet does not travel in the carrier. However, as we say, only on selected routes you can travel with dogs weighing more than 10 kg. In this case, it is mandatory to fill out a document discharging the company’s responsibilities and another to confirm that we are aware of the regulations. The dog will travel in the adjacent seat and this cannot be chosen because there are pre-established places for this purpose. Furthermore, in these cases, the company provides a travel kit and has a series of standards and recommendations that are summarized in this document. In the delivered kit there is a seat cover and a mat to place on the window seat. The dog must be on a leash of a maximum of 1.5 meters and with a muzzle. In all cases, only one pet is allowed per traveler, but in the particular case of dogs weighing more than 10 kg, no more than two pets are allowed per car on the same train. Furthermore, on the Madrid-Málaga and Madrid-Granada corridors, only one pet of this size is allowed per train. Asturian users, as we have seen, complain about this type of restrictions for a line that It opened in 2023 after 20 years of work (13 years late) and a investment of 4,000 million euros. Even on lines that do allow it, some travelers also complain that the purchasing process can be too complicated. They explain in the blog Pipperontour that not all trains on the enabled lines allow traveling with dogs and, furthermore, this possibility only appears to be added in the last step of the purchase process, which makes it difficult to get a ticket. To try to make everything clearer, Renfe has a space where all frequencies can be consulted that allow large dogs but the aforementioned blog states that this list is not always updated. To all of the above we must add that it is no coincidence that some of the popular petitions requested through the Change.org platform come from northern Spain. In one of them it is remembered that Gijón is one of the cities in our country with the most registered dogs and Asturias is the Autonomous Community with the most dogs per inhabitant of our country. Photo | john crozier and Phil Richards In Xataka | “In 1961 it took Bilbao three hours and five minutes. Now it takes three and ten”: Cantabria and Spain’s drama with the train

four years later it is experiencing the biggest audience crisis in its history

by

Telecinco has lost its way. Since the disappearance of Sálvame from his grill and the definitive closure of the Vasile era, the chain seems to have been left in no man’s land. The initial idea in summer 2023 was clear: Ana Rosa would take over the afternoons of that audience that was orphaned without Jorge Javier’s farmhouse. On the other hand, that was the first setback and what led to the fact that, faced with more than discreet audiencesthe presenter returned to her comfort zone, recovering the morning space. From then on, the situation did not rather than getting worse. With Joaquín Prat becoming the currency of the chain, the commitment to new contests and a weekend that, despite a rebranding constant (‘Viva la Vida’, ‘Ya es Verano’, ‘Fiesta’…) belongs for life to Emma García, the data remains unrecorded; In fact, the new stage of its news programs led by someone very established in that space within TVE has not even worked, as is Carlos Franganillo. The numbers show how little benefit the change of direction and this replacement of the Mediaset leadership is. And it is not only the new CEOs who have been unable to turn it around to the situation, but, paradoxically, the only thing that holds the chain is the Vasile inheritance. The audiences are clear: Telecinco finds it difficult to exceed 10% of the daily share and has been in decline for four years, with a historical monthly low 8% in August 2025. What is happening? Vasile continues to keep Mediaset afloat If we review what Mediaset has defined through its flagships, we can get an idea of ​​the type of programming that the audience wants and expects from the network, in addition to its editorial approach. During Valerio Lazarov’s era the ‘Mama Chicho’ led; Maurizio Carlotti will be remembered for promoting series such as ‘Family Doctor’ or iconic formats such as ‘Martian Chronicles’; and in the Vasile stage we remember that essence ‘Save me’. However, what stood out in its content management was the firm commitment to reality television and circular content, a move that was undoubtedly key to the chain’s success. The contestants of the latest edition of GH. ‘Big Brother’, ‘Hotel Glam’, ‘The Farm’, ‘Survivors’… The choice of this type of format may have seemed at the time a risky maneuver to boost the audience, but the truth is that the active participation of the public, its involvement in the personal plots of the contestants and the enormous amount of associated content that did nothing more than regurgitate the realities (debates, gatherings, 24-hour connections…) managed to keep an audience tremendously dedicated to reality television hooked and in suspense. Maybe the concept reality It was moving away from the classic contest format, but its essence remained intact and it was consolidated for years as the driving force of the network. ‘Women and Men and Vice Versa’ or ‘Sálvame’ were still, deep down, a 2.0 version of reality television. To understand and stay up to date with the cameos, the cross accusations and the melodramatic plots, it was essential to follow the different spaces spread throughout the grid, where the contestants, journalists and collaborators were part of the same network, which ended up building an extraordinarily loyal audience. Now we are in the middle of 2025 and after the debacle in hearings and the futile attempts to overcome the sharewhile the new management intends to more than shelve the Vasile stage, the only thing that it seems to still work as a claim to the public it is ‘Temptation Island’. A format that is still the natural evolution of Telecinco’s original reality television, more current and oriented towards young audiences, although keeping intact the philosophy of entertainment and controversy that defined the Vasile era. And this is not an isolated case: the other space that maintains acceptable figures in the chain is ‘Friday’a show that wants to appear whiter and more moderate in tone but is still another variant of the heartfelt programs that historically always triumphed on Telecinco during the reign of Paolo Vasile, such as Salsa Rosa or Sálvame Deluxe. Was this the revolution? Therefore, everything seems to indicate that the more they want to clean the slate, the more they need to resort to the ghosts of the past. As a way forward they wanted to rely on a format like ‘Big Brother‘ but this only highlighted the key deficiency: we have a Mediaset without a soul. There is no longer a synergy of programs with the same zeitgeist which in its day provided, for example, ‘Sálvame’. Without that transversal ecosystem that was nourished by that reality television, it is very difficult for a format like Big Brother to once again have the success of yesteryear. The contents appear too dispersed, without a clear common thread and, thus, the grid lacks cohesion. It seems that the solution and innovation proposed by the new management is based on decisions that go from bad to worse. When the debate on ‘Temptation Island’ (remember: its star program with three (!) weekly broadcasts), is relegated to the ‘Mediaset Infinity’ platform and on the contrary, they insist on broadcasting the debate of a program that gave his last blows like ‘Big Brother’ mean that the viewer was not surprised by that “sudden” cancellation of the format with an express final. The combination of a worn-out program, increasingly stronger competition, changes in consumer habits, the questionable selection of anonymous contestants and a fragmented programming has sentenced an edition of Big Brother with data that do not reach 10% of shareand confirming that the reality emblematic no longer connects with the audience like before; also entering into direct contrast with the wonderful data of ‘Temptation Island’; a fresher, viral and intense format that challenges the viewer. Only ‘Temptation Island’ saves the furniture. Mediaset only has to analyze how it is possible that a format like ‘The House of Twins’ has eaten the toast of his GH edition; … Read more

Ten years ago Beijing was an unbreathable city. Today its air quality is better than that of Madrid for a reason

by

On December 8, 2015, schools were closed in Beijing. Construction stopped. Only a handful of cars could circulate on the streets. The atmosphere was unbreathable. We don’t say it, the city leaders said it at that time. As stated BBCit was the first time that the red alert due to contamination. In China, an action protocol with four levels had been launched to deal with this type of episode. That day marked a before and after. Just over a decade later, Beijing is one of the Chinese cities with the best air quality. The country still has a serious problem with pollution but the data show that the country’s capital has left those days of constant fog behind. And it has done so, in large part, by a huge investment in cleaning up transportation. Better air quality than Madrid That December 8, Beijing registered 291 micrograms per cubic meter of PM2.5ultrafine particles especially harmful to health. They are polluting emissions that can come from different sources but in whose production diesel engines intervene decisively. That’s why DGT environmental labeling that It is used in Spanish ZBEs discriminates (by age) between diesel vehicles and gasoline vehicles. Is 291 micrograms a lot? To get an idea, the WHO recommended At that time, it did not exceed 25 micrograms per cubic meter. Obviously, this pollution rate occurred on a specific day under specific circumstances, but the annual levels were so high that in 2013 they signed 89.5, as stated in Motorpassion. Last year, according to published data By the Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau, the city signed 27 micrograms per cubic meter of PM 2.5. A fact that improves the air breathed in Madrid, “which did not exceed 31 micrograms of PM 2.5” on average, in the words of the Madrid officials. The decline is absolutely spectacular and is marked by profound changes in mobility, lowering the 30 microgram barrier for the first time in its history per cubic meter on the annual average. In addition, 311 days of 2025 were classified within the parameters that point to the best air quality. For this, Beijing launched a campaign against pollution which became especially relevant a little over a decade ago, although it already took its first steps with the 2008 Beijing Olympic Days. It was not until 2013 when the city took serious measures. More than a million coal-fired boilers in the city were replaced with boilers that run on gas or electricity. The city added more than 600,000 new energy vehicles (electric or plug-in hybrids that generally operate in completely electric mode). But, above all, 1.9 million cars that were considered too old and polluting were taken off the road. Low emission zones had a key effect in achieving this. Then, the 6NI mechanical (which was equivalent to our Euro 6) to let vehicles pass or not. Automobiles that, in addition, had to stay at home alternately (discriminating by license plate) when high pollution episodes were activated. The evolution of Beijing has been so spectacular in the last 10 years that it is common to see it as an example for those most polluted cities, like New Delhi, in India. Photo | zhang kaiyv and Quique Olivar In Xataka | Tire pollution is as serious as engine pollution. This company says it has found the solution

Chinese startups have been relying on NVIDIA chips to train their models for years. That is already changing

by

The name of the Chinese startup Zhipu AI (Z.ai) may not sound familiar to you, but perhaps GLM, its AI model, does a little more than its latest version, GLM-4.7already competes with Claude Sonnet 4.5 or GPT-5.1. The real surprise of this “Chinese AI tiger” is the launch of GLM-Image…and not so much for what he does, but for how he has managed to do it. what has happened. GLM-Image is a multimodal generative AI model that focuses on image generation. The idea, of course, is to compete with options like Nano Bananafrom Google. That’s interesting, but even more striking is the fact that the model has not been trained with conventional chips. Trained with Chinese chips. According to those responsible for Z.ai, this model is the first developed in China that has been fully trained with “local” chips. Specifically, it has been trained with Huawei’s Ascend chips thanks to the use of servers Huawei Ascend Atlas 800T A2 and a framework called MindSpore. Thus, traditional NVIDIA AI chips, which are usually the usual choice for AI model developers in Chinese startups, have not been used. Turning point? This milestone demonstrates the real feasibility of training high-performance generative AI models on a platform developed entirely in China. We are not dealing with something minor: it is validation that it is possible to continue innovating in this area despite the restrictions imposed by the US. In fact, Zhipu AI — included last year on the US blacklist — has intensified its collaboration with other local manufacturers, such as the promising firm Cambricon that has risen from the ashes thanks to tariffs. Threat to NVIDIA. The news comes at a unique time, because NVIDIA has not stopped pressuring the US government to once again allow it to sell its advanced AI chips to Chinese companies. He has obtained that permission—which It won’t be free—, but now the one that might not be interested is China, which he hasn’t said anything at all. That chips from companies like Huawei are a valid alternative for training quality AI models can change many things in this area. Zhipu goes like a shot. The Chinese startup has also just gone public, and since it has done so its shares they have shot up more than 80%. Investors see the company no longer as a rival to Google or OpenAI, but as a banner. One that shows that it is possible to compete without depending on the US and its companies. Huawei, great beneficiary. If the trend continues, Huawei can become the Chinese NVIDIA, and the company prepares an increase in production of its AI chips. It is not the only one: Cambricon plans triple your production by 2026, which seems to make it clear that the Chinese industrial machinery is moving quickly to neutralize the impact of US vetoes. Challenges…Despite everything, Zhipu already has warned that the price war in the AI ​​sector will become international. If Chinese companies end up controlling the entire chain (or rather, their chain), they could offer AI services at much lower costs than their Western competitors, who must pay NVIDIA’s margins and Big Tech’s cloud infrastructure. …and unknowns. This technological achievement raises other questions. One of the most important is how powerful and capable Huawei chips are compared to NVIDIA’s in these processes: is training much slower? Is it more expensive in time and resources? The efficiency of the MindSpore framework compared to Pytorch or TensorFlow is another of the key components of these developments. In Xataka | Faced with the US strategy, China has a plan to revive its technology industry: that AI belongs to everyone

We have been obsessed with microplastics for years. There are more and more scientists who believe that there is something wrong

by

Up to 18 studies that affirmed the presence of microplastics in human organs they have just been challenged due to possible technical and control failures. And, although we have been obsessed with them for years, the truth is that it should not surprise us: we have known it almost from the beginning. Studies suggesting its presence in arterial tissue or in the testicles they have been receiving public criticism from the beginning. And the famous study that talked about the presence of microplastics in the brain was pure scientific fraud. None of this invalidates environmental concern, nor does it deny human exposure to these types of particles. It simply indicates that we have gone too far. And what is there many people taking advantage of it. What exactly happened? So far this decade, environmental contamination by microplastics has become a central issue that has not only generated a research boom, but has also promoted rules and regulations. And it is logical, the global use of plastics (which reached 460 megatons in 2019) is on its way to tripling by 2060 and that perspective makes its impact an issue to take into account. However, media interest is obscuring the fact that a good number of studies are being launched to make statements without a methodological solidity behind them to sustain them. What really is the problem? In reality there are many problems. To begin with, the very term ‘microplastics’ is deliberately broad and confusing: we are talking about a myriad of things (fragments, fibers, films or particles) of numerous sizes and compositions. Its use is useful to be able to speak globally about the problem, yes; worse, it is generating in the population the idea of ​​”colored confetti” sneaking through the organs of animals and plants. Then came everything else. This is possible because this “everything else” has an explanation that is as simple as it is worrying. As Sergio Ferrer emphasized“the detection of plastics at these size scales is an extremely complex analytical process and the urgency to publish information about their presence in remote places (even in the human body) can favor the appearance of these high-profile publications.” In other words, the problem is another. As Hannah Arendt said, we often do not know how to distinguish between a refuge and a trap. The (almost hysterical) concern about microplastics, the tendency to legislate in a hurry in response to the social mood and the lack of rigor of the media (problem in which it is inevitable that we include ourselves) have turned this topic into a trap. Because, as I say, everything seems to indicate that (even though we don’t have a teaspoon of them in our brains) microplastics are a problem. All that remains is for us to accept the type of problem they really are, not to overreact and to take action on the matter. Image | Naja Bertolt Jensen In Xataka | When Tap Water Tastes Like Hell: The Invisible Chemistry of Drinking Water That Explains Why It Tastes How It Tastes (And Why It’s One of the World’s Greatest Inventions)

Log In

Forgot password?

Forgot password?

Enter your account data and we will send you a link to reset your password.

Your password reset link appears to be invalid or expired.

Log in

Privacy Policy

Add to Collection

No Collections

Here you'll find all collections you've created before.