winds

its winds existed, you just had to know how to look for them

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It is well known that, while attracting matter into their interior, supermassive black holes release jets of energy and matter outwards in a violent way. The result is a kind of wind, which has been observed in all black holes of this type. There is only one in which, no matter how many observations have been made, those winds did not seem to exist. That of our own galaxy. With known physics in hand, Sagittarius A*, the black hole of the Milky Way, should generate strong winds, but no matter how hard they have searched for more than 50 years, they have not been found. Now, a team of scientists from Northwestern University has acted as a mother would: after a “what should I go and find it?” They have made a series of observations and, indeed, they have found it. Five years and two observatories. The main problem why the Sagittarius A* winds were not being detected is that the black hole itself emits radio waves that acted as interference. Therefore, these scientists have used the radio telescopes of the ALMA observatory with a series of calibrations that allow these interferences from the background glow of the black hole to be eliminated. Besides, They have taken data for 5 years. The more data, the more the noise is reduced. In this way, they found what appeared to be evidence of the existence of winds. However, they wanted to confirm the data with a second observatory, this time the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Thanks to it, they detected emissions in this part of the spectrum that fit perfectly with what ALMA detected. Sure enough, they had found the lost winds of the black hole. A cone without cold gas. Thanks to this new calibration method, scientists at Northwestern University were able to observe the gas from very close to the black hole to many light years away. This allowed him to see how it has behaved over the past thousands of years. Thanks to that, a cone-shaped region was detected that lacked cold gas. The most obvious thing would be that very hot and strong winds had carried the gas in that region. It could be the proof they were looking for. Not all winds are the same. Black holes are objects so massive that almost nothing can escape their attraction. Not even the light. That matter and energy that is directed towards the center of the black hole is concentrated in a region known as the accretion disk, where it rotates at high speed as it gets closer and closer. In this process, the matter is compressed and heated very much, releasing a large amount of energy, which favors the violent expulsion of part of that material. This is how the winds of the black hole are generated. On the other hand, it is known that winds are also generated on the surfaces of stars. Our Sun, for example, causes very intense winds. To find out what type of winds would be causing the cone, these scientists calculated the energy that would result from the winds of all the surrounding stars. Not even all of them together could give rise to a wind so intense that it could carry all that amount of cold gas. Only the black hole option fit. Furthermore, the cone pointed precisely to Sagittarius A*. Chandra enters the scene. To verify that their suspicions were not the result of a specific anomaly, they checked their results with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Thanks to it, they detected X-ray emissions in exactly the same region as the cone. These would correspond to the emissions from the black hole’s winds. Yes, they were facing the winds that no one had been able to locate. 20,000 years without being seen. By analyzing emissions across the galaxy, they saw that this black hole has been active for at least 20,000 years. It is true that it has been relatively silent, since, while the winds of a black hole are more intense than those of a star, it was more similar to a breeze than a storm. But the wind was there, immersed in interference. You just had to look for it conscientiously. This time, physics adds up. What seemed like an exception, really wasn’t. Image | X-ray: NASA/CXC/Northwestern University/M. Gorski; Radio: ESO/NAOJ/NRAO/ALMA; processing: NASA/CXC/SAO/K. Arcand and P. Edmonds In Xataka | The Webb and Hubble telescopes simultaneously observed Jupiter’s auroras. The problem is that they didn’t see the same thing

The hot Jupiters are evaporating, their winds reach 7 km/s and yet something is slowing them down

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The hot Jupiters They are fascinating planets. They orbit so close to their star that they sometimes have orbits of less than a day. Solar radiation is very high, so much so that sometimes these planets are practically evaporating. And they are usually tidally locked. That is, they have one face always facing the Sun and the other always facing the opposite side. As a result, one side is much hotter than the other and receives more radiation, so the gases in its atmosphere ionize, transforming into plasma and moving at high speeds. Put very briefly, they have the strongest winds of all the known planets. However, recently a team of scientists led from the Côte d’Azur Observatory in France, has discovered something very strange. Seven hot Jupiters in which the winds flow much slower than expected. The only explanation that seems logical for this phenomenon is that they are surrounded by a magnetic field. And it is great news, since, if confirmed, it would be the first detection of magnetic activity beyond our solar system. Totally counterintuitive. The speed of a planet’s winds can be measured by tracking the vaporized iron present in the gases in its atmosphere. The authors of the study that has just been published did so with 7 hot Jupiters thanks to two instruments: MAROON-X, from the Gemini North telescope, and ESPRESSO, from the Very Large Telescope (VLT). When analyzing the results they saw that these planets had very high speeds, between 2 and 7 kilometers per second. The winds of our own Jupiter, the fastest in the solar system, are 0.4 km/s, to give us an idea. What happens is that these winds went slower the hotter the planet was. One of the authors of the study, Vivien Parmentier, has rated it as something “totally counterintuitive”, since the logical thing is that the higher the temperature, the faster the wind flows. The key must be in the presence of a magnetic field. In fact, with all this temperature and speed data, they have even been able to calculate its intensity. The thing is about temperatures. Generally, the higher the temperature, the greater the difference between the dark and light sides of the planet and the more excited the ions in the plasma are, so the wind generally moves faster. The logical and expected thing would be that the higher the temperature of a hot Jupiter, the faster its wind. The speeds are very high, but much slower than expected. Furthermore, they are slower the hotter the planet is. The best explanation for this event is the presence of a magnetic field. Magnetic activity and wind. When a magnetic field acts on a moving charged particle, it is affected by something known as the Lorentz force. Very briefly, what happens is that the speed changes direction. The particle does not stop, but goes from flowing freely to being confined within the magnetic field. Every time he encounters his lines, they make him change direction. If we see this as a whole for the entire plasma, since it cannot move freely, its speed decreases. This would explain why a magnetic field was slowing down the wind. But why does it brake more the higher the temperature? Auroras on Earth The secret is inside. The magnetic field of a planet is directly related to the movement of the liquid metals inside it. For example, in the case of Earththe movement of molten iron and nickel on the outside of its core generates electrical currents, which give rise to a geomagnetic field that extends into space. They are responsible for us having that magnetic field that protects us from the sun’s inclemencies. The higher the temperature of a planet, the more violently the molten metals inside it move and, therefore, within limits, the more intense the magnetic field will be. In turn, the more intense it is, the more it will slow down the winds. Possible auroras. The location of auroras on Earth is related to the magnetic field. Another of the authors of the study, Bibiana Prinoth, points out that she likes to imagine that one of these Jupiters has a sky “covered by curtains of colorful light that dance over a planet that is half in perpetual day and half in endless night.” What is it for?. Now that we know that some exoplanets have a magnetic field, we could also take it into account when selecting habitable planets. Logically, hot Jupiters are not candidates at all. However, other less inhospitable planets may also have this protective shield. We already know that it is not enough to just be in the habitable zone. Other qualities, such as housing a sufficient amount of water either be far from supermassive black holes These are conditions that can help us refine the search much better. Each new discovery brings us a little closer to that great discovery. Image | Gemini International Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/M. Garlick | Magnificent In Xataka | The Zoo Hypothesis: Why Aliens Likely Know About Us and Don’t Want to Contact Us

The iPhone 17 point to one of the greatest redesign in their history. One that shouts “android” to the four winds

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When the river sounds, water carries, and in the world of phone leaks it is a standard that is usually met. A few weeks ago, Jon Prosser revealed The alleged design of the iPhone 17 Air and iPhone 17 Pro. Two telephone that would arrive, according to the filter, with a redesigned chamber module and that, everything is said, reminds some family models little of Xiaomi. A week later, new information based on Factory CAD supposedin which it is confirmed that the design, at least in this initial stage of product development. The iPhone carry without a remarkable design change from the family iPhone 11at least in relation to the camera modules. There have been dances in the respective to the position of the cameras and their size, but the rear remained unchanged since the year. iPhone 11 Pro | iPhone 16 Pro This design, which seemed immovable, would be about to change in the next generation iPhone 17. In this, regardless of the number of cameras, the module will be the main differential feature for the design of the new product line. iPhone 16 Pro according to Prosser and Majin Bu iPhone 17 Pro. Image: SonnyDickson All leaks are aligning in one direction: that of the iPhone 17 with a redesigned camera module and with a larger volume. According to leaks of alleged covers for this phone, with them the design will barely mean a change. Without it, the cameras will cease to be the only element that protrudes, to become part of a gigantic island … in the Android style. Xiaomi little x6 pro. One of the points we have criticized for 2024 has been the unnecessary of oversizing the camera modules to give them prominence. If the leaks are fulfilled, Apple will do exactly the same. Samsung was one of the few companies that had not joined the fashion with Apple, with a clean rear in which only the cameras stood out (as is inevitable). Another curious movement that is rumored is the return to aluminum throughout the iPhone 17 family, reserving the titanium frame for the iPhone 17 Air. This rumor is not yet solid and would be quite difficult to justify, given the good results (especially in weight reduction). This Apple’s decision would make a certain meaning: unifying the design of the family, regardless of the model we buy. Similarly, it will allow the iPhone 17 Air, who will allegedly land with just a camera, shine with some packaging despite having such a scarce photographic section. Image | Prosser, Majin Bu, Sonny Dickson

Hispano Mark winds offers to play first base in 2025 with Mets

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New York Mets’ Hispanic, Mark winds, offered this Saturday during the team’s fans festival that is willing to sacrifice and move to first base for what the team needs for the 2025 major leagues season. The first base currently represents a headache for the Mets, which still does not reach an agreement with their team star, Pete Alonso. That’s why Winds put to order to move from the third base to the initial because what he wants is to conquer a championshipwhich would be the first of the currency since 1986. “I love playing in the prelude. But right now, my main approach is to see what I can do to get to a world series and win a championship. That’s all I want, ”said the player during a meeting with the press. Even, Winds said closely the negotiation of Mets with Alonsowaiting for them to reach an agreement after several weeks of negotiation. “It is difficult not to pay attention to it when you see it on all platforms,” ​​said winds on the process of Alonso and the team, who also said that he has been working on the initial during the recess of the season. “I have been working a lot in that in recent weeks. It has been fun to work to collect balls and things like that, ”he detailed winds about his work routine in the first base. Winds, who is from Dominican father and Nicaraguan mother, received the opportunity to be the second -handed antealist of the Mets in the last season, for whom responded by batting for average of 266, with 22 doubles, 27 homers and 71 races in 111 games. His performance was such that It was placed as a third in the offensive order in the postseason, a stage in which it hit for .327, with five windows and 14 races producedbut with everything and the change of position it faces, winds does not lose the approach and remains excited for its fourth season in the big leagues. “One tries to focus on being ready to return. I am excited, ”said winds, who has played in 84 games in the initial at the highest level of the MLB. In addition to winds, the Mets are also open to try gardener Jesse Winker and the interior box player Brett Bitch, as long as the return of Alonso is not confirmed. With winds profile to start the year in the first pad, The METS will have Bitch and the Dominican Ronny Mauricio as the options to dispute ownership in the third base. Continue reading: (Tagstotranslate) New York Mets

We have just detected winds of more than 30,000 km/h on an exoplanet

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According to extreme weather record According to the World Meteorological Organization, the fastest wind gust ever recorded on our planet occurred on Barrow Island, Australia, and reached 113.2 meters per second or 407.5 km/h. If we expand the search to the solar system, we will discover that the winds can accelerate even more: up to 1,770 km/h on Neptune. 33,000 km/h. Wind records on Earth and other planets in the solar system pale in comparison to those recently observed by VLT instruments (Very Large Telescope) from the European Southern Observatory (ESO), located in the Atacama Desert, in Chile: up to 33,000 km/h is the speed they can reach in WASP-127b. WASP-127b. Exoplanet WASP-127b is located in our own galaxy, about 500 light years from Earth. The planet was discovered in 2016 and has since attracted interest from the astronomical community. It is a planet very little densewith a volume somewhat larger than that of Jupiter (it is approximately 1.3 times its size) and a mass only 0.16 times the mass of the gas giant in our solar system. We also know about this planet that it orbits close to its star, so much so that it is believed to be in the state we know as tidal lock. That is, like the Moon with the Earth, WASP-127b orbits its star while rotating on itself, always offering the same face to it. Supersonic winds. The team responsible for the study used the CRIRES+ instrument of the VLT observatory to analyze the climate of the planet WASP-127b. The team was analyzing how light from the star WASP-127 interacted with the planet’s outer atmosphere to understand its composition when they came across a double peak in the spectrum, which seems to indicate that part of the atmosphere is moving towards us and part is moving away. moves away, both at high speed. “Part of the atmosphere of this planet is moving towards us at great speed, while another part is moving away from us with the same alacrity,” explained in a press release Lisa Nortmann, who led the study of the planet’s winds. “This signal shows us that there are very fast, supersonic winds around the planet’s equator.” With these data, the team estimated that the speed at which the atmosphere was moving could reach 9 kilometers per second, or in other words, about 33,000 km/h, something never seen until now. Job details were published in an article in the magazine Astronomy & Astrophysics. More than wind. The study of the planet’s atmosphere allowed us to learn other details about WASP-127b’s atmosphere and its climate, for example, its composition. The team was able to confirm the presence of water vapor in this atmosphere, as well as carbon monoxide molecules. They also observed that the atmosphere showed slight differences in temperature on its day side compared to its night side. “This shows that the planet has complex weather patterns like those of Earth and other planets in the solar system,” added Fei Yan, co-author of the work. In Xataka | The most extreme weather is not on our planet Image | IT/L. Calçada

Extended alert for severe winds in Southern California

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The red flag warning by dangerous Santa Ana winds extended until Thursday night in Southern California, while The region affected by the fires takes precautions against possible rains expected this weekend. According to the National Weather Service (NWS)although the intensity of the winds tends to decrease, they will continue until this Wednesday afternoon in Los Angeles and Ventura counties, but an increase in intensity is forecast from Wednesday night to Thursday afternoon. The NWS Red Flag Warning It is valid until 8:00 pm this Thursdayeffective for a large swath of Southern California, amid a slight increase in temperatures. Keep reading: Newsom signs order to speed up fire debris removal during the weekend There will be a drop in thermometers as humidity enters southern California from the north.which brings the possibility of light rains, with the threat of causing landslides in areas burned by the fires. NWS canceled previous weather alert due to fire risk and was replaced by a red flag warning for high winds. Humidity levels will remain very low, between 2 and 10%. Winds from the northeast are forecast to reach 20 to 30 miles per hour with gusts up to 50 miles per hour. More intense winds will be recorded in mountainous areas. Keep reading: Los Angeles approves economic aid plan for workers affected by fires According to the NWS, satellite images showed a high pressure system over the west coast, although A low pressure system was also seen moving towards the south of the country. This Friday night, a storm from northern Canada will head towards the west coastwith the possibility of arriving accompanied by rain. According to the forecasts, Los Angeles could get 0.25 inches of rainwhile in the Inland Empire precipitation of 0.40 inches is expected. Keep reading: Risk in burned areas of Los Angeles due to upcoming rains Given the forecast of the arrival of rains, Local and state officials accelerated work to remove debris in areas affected by the Eaton and Palisades fires. Work is accelerated to remove debris in areas affected by the fires.Credit: CAROLINE BREHMAN | EFE Besides, progress is made in the work of installing reinforced barriers and in the identification of properties at risk. “Soils in a burned area are highly erodibleso flood waters may contain significant amounts of mud, rocks and vegetation,” the NWS said. Keep reading: Fire victims in Los Angeles return home to find a desolate panorama Meteorologists warned that new fires or those that are still active can spread rapidly during red flag alert. People who have their homes in areas near wilderness areas were urged to be prepared in the event that have to evacuate urgently if a new forest fire breaks out. Keep reading:· Second day of strong winds in Southern California· Fake firefighters arrested in Los Angeles fire zone· Firefighters put out two new fires that broke out this Monday in Los Angeles

Progress in containment of wildfires in Southern California as winds weaken

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Fires in the Los Angeles area have left at least 27 people deadhave destroyed more than 12,000 structures and left more than 60 square miles to ashes. The Palisades and Eaton wildfires continue this Saturday. The winds have been weakening, giving fire officials a much-deserved respite and easing some of the threats, so far. Nevertheless, The National Weather Service indicated that dangerous conditions are expected for next week. Additionally, officials noted that tens of thousands of people in Los Angeles County remain under evacuation orders. Curfews remained in effect for the areas affected by the Palisades and Eaton fires from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. For his part, heLos Angeles Mayor Karen Bass announced that civic leader Steve Soboroffformer police commissioner and advisor to the late former mayor Richard Riordan, to lead city’s rebuilding efforts after Palisades Fire as recovery director. The announcement comes a day after state lawmakers announced new proposals aimed at accelerating rebuilding and recovery efforts in Los Angeles County as thousands of people continue to be evacuated. “Steve Soboroff’s name is associated with hope,” Bass said. “It will recommend a comprehensive strategy for the city to rebuild and to accelerate the process. Accelerate is a very important word here. “We want to accelerate the return of residents, businesses, schools, non-profit organizations and parks”. He noted that no one is better prepared to create a reconstruction plan. “He knows our communities. He knows how to activate City Hall. “He has been at City Hall.” The expert said that he has a 10-point plan that will begin on his first day of servicereported CBS News. “It’s about the victims… It’s about restoring the community, because without community people are lost,” he said. To citizens criticizing the city’s actions in response to the fires, Soboroff explained the following: “If people want to get on the bus with us, let them get on. If you want to spend your time throwing embers now and next Tuesday when it’s windy doing that kind of thing, you better not get on our bus“. The mayor said she plans to sign several executive orders next week to speed up the recovery effort. “We are going to do everything we can to clear the way so that people can return home,” he said. Gavin Newsom issues order prohibiting tenant evictions The governor of California, Gavin Newsom issued an executive order preventing landlords from evicting tenants for housing survivors of the Los Angeles fires. “At a time when so many people have been suddenly displaced, we need more housing and shelter than ever,” Newsom said in a statement. “Opening your place of residence to help house those in need is not only encouraged and generous, it deserves protection.“. Although the order prohibits landlords from evicting tenants for housing one or more people displaced by the wildfires, it does not restrict them from enforcing other conditions of the lease. The governor’s office described the executive order as a temporary solution, set to expire on March 8. “These are extraordinary times,” Attorney General Rob Bonta said in a statement. “If you provide shelter to someone who has been affected by the Los Angeles wildfires, you should not be evicted. “To allow that to happen would be totally wrong.” California announced a series of legislative proposals aimed at helping Los Angeles County recover from the wildfires. The vast majority of the projects are aimed at protecting homeowners and renters affected by the flares that devastated an area of ​​more than 60 square miles in the last week. Keep reading:

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