understand

Confirm that the summer of 2025 is the warmest since there are records is not enough. You have to understand why. And you have to do it fast

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Astronomical summer is not over yet and it seems that the weather coincides with this, although we have already entered the month of September. However, experts from the State Meteorology Agency (AEMET) have already taken stock of the summer quarter of this year. We knew that this summer had been warm, but now we know that it has been the warmest. Since we have records. The summer of 2025 has been the warmest of the historical series in Spain (in 1961), according to has released recently Aemet. In peninsular Spain, the quarter between June and August has left us a thermal anomaly of 2.1º Celsius, taking as reference the period between 1991 and 2020. This year’s has also been a very warm summer on the islands: 1.5º above what would be common in Balearic Islands and 0.9º more in the Canary Islands. In the Peninsula, “excess heat” has been distributed quite homogeneously, although in important areas of the territory of communities such as Galicia, Castilla-La Mancha, and Castilla and anomalies of more than 2.5º were seen. According to Explain Aemetit was precisely in Galicia and the two plateaus where anomalies of more than 3º are observed. Overcoming the record. The warmest summer until now had been the 2022. The new record exceeds the marking during that summer in just 0.1 and supposes the fourth consecutive year in which positive anomalies are recorded during the summer, always taking as reference the period between 1991 and 2020. June, the most anomalous month. A good part of the situation is due to the heat that We live in the month of June. The first month of this summer was not only the warmest June since there are records, it was also the 30 days with the greatest warm anomaly of which we have record: 3.6º Celsius. During that month the heat was especially concentrated in the east of the country, with a small area between Aragon and Catalunya exceeding 4.5º of thermal anomaly. What happened this summer? Summer was marked by a low atmospheric circulation, with anticyclonic conditions that allowed the intrusion of African heat in almost all of the peninsula. According to Aemet, this summer we saw three waves of heat, two that affected Peninsula and Balearic Islands, and another that reached the Canary Islands. The peninsular affected 40 provinces and lasted for 17 days, from June 18 to July 4. The Second heat wave It was still more intensegenerating an anomaly of 4.2º; It affected 42 provinces and lasted for 16 days, between August 3 and 18. Both heat waves were among the longest we have registered and turned 2025 in the second year with more days with active heat waves (33) after 2022 (41 days). And what about the rains? In addition to warm, summer this year has been dry, at least in peninsular Spain. They saw each other on average 57 mm of rain In the area, 81% of what would be common on these dates. The southwest quadrant was the most affected by the lack of rains, although rainfall was rather scarce in most of the country, except for some areas of the Ebro basin, center of the northern plateau, and some areas of the Mediterranean basin. The situation was unequal in the Balearic Islands, with the western part of the archipelago seeing few rainfall and the eastern area watching a more humid summer. Even more irregular what was seen in the Canary Islands, where together there was a wet summer (133% of the average rainfall for summer), but with very concentrated rainfall in specific areas. In Xataka | We have centuries studying the different types of clouds. What tells us the shape and color of these atmospheric phenomena Image | ECMWF / Victor of Dompablo

Those who understand it end up being their greatest enthusiasts

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Imagine that you ask for Chatgpt either Gemini A poem, a recipe or a summary and the answer appears polished on your screen in seconds. Now ask yourself what happens behind: Models trained with millions of datareal -time inference processes. Those who understand this mechanism usually look at AI with more skepticism; Those who do not understand it so well tend to see it with greater fascination. A recent study suggests that this difference in understanding helps explain who adopts it with more enthusiasm. The usual thing with the new technologies is that the first to adopt them are the ones who understand them best. With artificial intelligence the opposite occurs. An investigation published in Journal of Marketing By Stephanie Tully, Chiara Longoni and Gil Appel shows that people with less literacy in AI are usually the most enthusiastic when using it. The finding is repeated in different contexts and countries: the less it is understood how it works, the more fascination generates and the greater the willingness to incorporate it into the day to day. When understanding less means getting more excited As WSJ points outto reach these conclusions, the authors deployed a battery of studies in several phases, with surveys and experiments carried out in 27 countries. In addition to evaluating concrete tasks, they measured literacy in AI with their own instruments, such as a 25 -question questionnaire, and with a 17 -question test prepared with two AI systems. In one of the experiments, 234 university students indicated whether they would use a free tool for academic work that went from analyzing the beginning of World War I until writing a romantic poem. The pattern was consistent: the lower the technical knowledge, the greater the willingness to use it. According to the authors, the link between low literacy and enthusiasm is not explained because I believe that AI is more capable or less dangerous, but by how its operation is interpreted. For those who do not know the technical details, seeing a system generating creative content can be surprising and even mysterious. That feeling of magic awakens curiosity and trust, which makes these tools more attractive. Researchers add that this relationship is not linked to valuations on the ability of AI, ethical judgments or the fear of its impact, but precisely to that aura of “magic.” The work also emphasizes that this pattern does not mean that the fascination with AI is universal or disappears when understanding its functioning. Those who have more training They tend to see algorithms where others see magicwhich does not imply disinterest, but a more critical approach. In addition, the results reflect general trends and enthusiasm can vary according to the context, the type of task and the user’s previous experience. The study does not intend to simplify the debate, but to provide data on how we perceive these technologies. Researchers point out that these conclusions may have direct applications for companies that develop AI -based products. Identifying users with less technical knowledge as a more receptive audience can help design more accessible marketing and use experiences. At the same time, they warn that feeding the mystery of these technologies can be counterproductive: the more opaque a tool is, the more difficult it is to build long -term confidence. The challenge is to balance curiosity with transparency on how systems work. The study suggests that amazement is an effective entrance door to artificial intelligence, but does not replace knowledge. Learn how these technologies work Help recognize its risksvalue its benefits and make more informed decisions about its use. For users, familiar with technical foundations is a way of continuing to explore without being carried just by novelty. The fascination can continue there, but accompanied by criteria, which in the long term allows a healthier and more productive relationship with AI. Images | Xataka with Gemini 2.5 | Solen Feyissa In Xataka | Europe already has its domestic humanoid robot to compete with Tesla: Neura will be in charge, it will arrive in 2026 and is already priced

A scheme to understand the new Openai in chatgpt

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GPT -5 is here. If you have reached this article, it is probably for one of two reasons: o You are interested in knowing what it contributes The new OpenAI modelor you have encountered an unexpected change in your application of Chatgpt. The model selector, in general, has disappeared, and with it, part of the control that users had. Between what GPT -5 promises and what is now out of reach without paying, the question is served: is it worth subscribing? What has really changed in Chatgpt’s experience? GPT -5 decides on your own how to answer GPT-5 does not work as the previous models. Now chatgpt incorporates a system that Decides automatically How to answer. If it detects that a task is simple, prioritizes speed. If you consider that you need more analysis, it activates its mode of reasoning. Openai describes it as a system that learns from previous patterns and adjusts its behavior based on the context. The result is a more uniform experience, but also more closed. The only exception is the users of the Pro and Team plans, which can continue to manually access the different variants of GPT -5. What do you get according to what you pay The result you get when using GPT -5 in chatgpt depends directly on the plan you have. It is not just a matter of speed or quality of the answers: daily limits changethe available tools and the type of reasoning that the model can apply. And in some cases, even what you see on the screen. OpenAI has designed three access levels for the general public: the free plan, The Plus Plan of 23 euros per month and The Pro Plan of 229 euros per month. Each offers a different experience. Knowing what changes between them is key to understanding why your chatgpt does not behave like that of other users. The following table summarizes what each of the three main levels includes: The free, the plus and the pro. Some differences are subtle – like automatic degradation to a lighter model – and others are much more visible, such as access to advanced tools or GPT -5 Thinking Pro mode. Free Plus pro Base model GPT –5 GPT –5 GPT –5 Allowed messages 10 every 5 hours 80 every 3 hours Unlimited What happens when exceeding the limit? Change to GPT-5-mini Change to GPT-5-mini – GPT -5 Thinking mode (automatic) 1 time a day No restrictions No restrictions GPT -5 Thinking mode (manual) Not available 200 weekly messages No restrictions Thinking Pro Not available Not available Available Image generation Around 3 a day Higher quota Unlimited Advanced voice mode Not available Available Available MODEL SELECTOR MANUAL Not available Only between GPT-5 and GPT-5-Thinking GPT-5 and GPT-5-Thinking. Old models for limited time Monthly price 0 euros 23 euros (includes 3.99 euros of VAT) 229 euros (includes 3.99 euros of VAT) When you use free chatpt you start with GPT -5 in normal mode, but the accountant does not stop: 10 messages every 5 hours. Upon reaching the tenth, the conversation changes to a distilled copy called GPT-5-mini. In addition, the Free Plan only allows a daily message with the way of deep reasoning (GPT -5 Thinking). What really contributes to pay The free plan gives access to GPT -5, but with cuts that appear quickly. Paying solves that initial limit, but also changes the experience significantly. With plus, you can stay in the full model for much longeruse advanced tools and manually force the way of deep reasoning, although with a weekly limit. Pro goes further: it eliminates virtually all restrictions. There is only a “limit” that seeks to avoid abusive use. The most important thing about the Pro Plan is not alone in the number of messages. What it offers is GPT -5 Thinking Pro, a version of the model that uses more computing to think, compare possible answers and reduce errors. This extended reasoning is not available in Free or Plus. The difference is especially noticeable in complex tasks: code, long summaries, reporting reports, technical analysis or complex comparative. For those who use chatgpt as a work tool – and not only for specific consultations – this subscription can be very valuable. Only those who pay more retain total control The new GPT -5 system eliminates the need to choose models … unless you are part of the few who can still do it. Only users of the Pro, Team and Enterprise plans retain access to the complete models selector, which allows manually changing between GPT -5, GPT -5 Thinking, and GPT -5 Thinking Pro. They can also access, for a limited time, some old models for compatibility. As we say, in the rest of the plans – Free and Plus – the experience is totally unified: the system decides for itself how to act, but we can force quick or reasoned responses through the prompt. Images | OpenAI | Omid Armin | Xataka screen capture In Xataka | The AI has so far a nice accessory: with GPT-5, OpenAi wants to place it in the center of all things

We know more than Mars than the seabed. An expert helps us to understand why it is still an enigma and what mysteries keep

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What if we told you that there is such a tiny creature that it can hunt generating a bubble at more than 100 km/h, with a temperature similar to the sun? What if the orcs were smarter than we believe, even capable of having bait traps or hunting the very blue whale? The bottom of the sea It is still a place full of mysteries. We think we know him because we have seen documentaries or movies, but we have barely scratched his surface. Science and separate With a new episode On our YouTube channelalso available as Podcast on Spotify and Ivoox. A space in which we address scientific issues from a close and informative approach. In this second installment, our partner Ángela Blanco talks with Álex Avelloethologist and disseminator, to explore the amazing behavior of marine animals and everything we still do not know about the ocean. The pistolera gamba is one of those animals that costs to believe that they really exist. It is tiny, but its way of hunting has nothing subtle: it closes one of its tweezers to more than 100 km/Hy generates a bubble whose temperature, according to some studies, could approach the surface of the sun. “This always caught with tweezers too, a little above, a little below,” says Alex. The click is so brutal that it can be detected by the sound of a submarine. If the puppets can submerge up to 3,000 meters is not only because of their size or strength, but by a fascinating biological mechanism. “It has an organ that is called sperm … I always say it is like a bag full of wax, a wax -full supermarket,” explains Álex. When they prepare to descend, they let cold water into that organ, which solidifies the wax and turns their heads into a natural ballast. “In this way they go down to every tablet,” he adds. While they descend, they emit clicks that bounce with everything they find, as a kind of sound. There is an idea that is repeated throughout the episode: we barely know what is in the depths. “We know 4% of all oceans,” says Alex. And that leaves a lot of room for imagination. “Today, to me someone comes to make sure Megalodon is impossible for it to exist …”Every time he gives a talk in schools, children ask him about mythical sea creatures. And his answer is not a resounding. Because the truth is that we have not yet reached there. Are dolphins smarter marine animals? Álex clarifies: “Orca is within the family of dolphins … but the orca is superior to the dolphin. In fact, the orcs hunt dolphins, the dolphins do not hunt orcas.” What comes later in the conversation ends up clarifying why. And it is worth listening. Not all animals eat what they are in front of them. Some know how to wait. “Have that ability to say: ‘Ok, I have this that I can eat it right now, But I can use it as a tool… ”, Recalls Álex when talking about an orca who saw in a video as a child. What he did with that fish is difficult to forget. He tells him in detail in the episode. This is not all. In the second episode of science and apart there are more stories that surprise, that make them think and that remind us of everything we do not know yet. You can see or listen to it. Where do you prefer. Images | Xataka In Xataka | There are thousands of people hooked to streaming. One to 3,900 meters deep full of marine curiosities (and memes)

It is a first step to understand why we exist

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The most elementary question that human beings ask ourselves since we are here is simply: why do we exist? According to the best theories about the origin of the universe, We should not be here. The Big Bang should have created identical amounts of matter and antimatter, which would have annihilated each other in an energy flash, leaving an empty cosmos. And yet, here we are, in a universe made of matter. Short. The key to our existence lies in a subtle asymmetry, a small trap in the laws of physics that favored matter over antimatter. Now, the CERN LHCB team has announced the first observation of this asymmetry in the bariones, the particles that make up everything we see: stars, planets and ourselves. It is a milestone that we had been waiting for decades, and that after its Publication in Nature magazine Open a new and fascinating way to solve the mystery of our own existence. The enigma of the material universe. The Soviet physicist Andréi Sájarov saw it clear in 1967. For the matter to prevail above the antimatter after the Big Bang (so that a universe like ours was born, in short) three conditions should be met, including the violation of the load-partner symmetry. Load symmetry (c) means that if you change a particle for its antiparticle (for example, an electron for a positron), physical laws should not change. Parity symmetry (P) is like looking at the process in a real mirror, investing space coordinates. Combined symmetry load-partity (CP) implies that a physical process is indistinguishable from its “antimatter version” in the mirror. If the CP symmetry were perfect, the balance between matter and antimatter would never have inclined. CP symmetry violation means that the cosmic mirror is slightly broken. Subject and antimatter do not behave exactly as specular reflexes. The fundamental piece that was missing. This phenomenon had already been observed for the first time in 1964 in particles called inns, formed by a quark and an antiquark. But there was a key piece of puzzle: it had never been detected in the bariones, formed by three quarks. It was a key piece because ourselves are barionic matter: the protons and neutrons that constitute us are bariones. An imperfect reflex. The CERN LHCB team, one of the great detectors of the great Hadron collider, specializes in studying particles that contain a type of heavy quark called “Beauty” or “Bottom”, in which the effects of the CP violation are expected to be more pronounced. For this investigation, physicists focused on a specific particle: the Lambda B zero (λb0) barion, a kind of heavy cousin of the proton. Scientists analyzed billions of collisions In data from 2011 to 2018observing how this particle disintegrated in four lighter: a proton, a kaon and two pions (λb0 → pk –π+π−). The key to the experiment was to compare the rate of this disintegration with that of its antimatter twin, the disintegration of the anti-barion lambda b zero (λˉb0 → pˉ k+π-π+). If the CP symmetry were perfect, both disintegrations would occur with the same frequency. But it is not so. The LHCB team measured a clear and statistically robust difference. Are we facing new physics? The results have a statistical significance of 5.2 sigmas. In particle physics, an observation with more than 5 sigmas is considered a full -fledged discovery. It is the first time that a barion and its antibarion are observed do not behave identically. The mirror is broken, also for particles that form the tangible world. This discovery is, in the first place, a spectacular confirmation of the standard particle physics model. This model, our most complete theory on the subject, predicts that CP violation must occur in both inns and bariones. The fact that it is finally seen in barions reinforces our current understanding of physics. However, and here comes the most exciting, it is also the beginning of a new chapter. The observed violation is insufficient to explain the enormous mastery of the matter we see in the cosmos. There must be Another source of asymmetrysomething that the standard model does not contemplate. Physicists have confirmed that the universe does not deal equal to matter and barionic antimatter, but hunt continues. Image | Cern In Xataka | You can now download the 800 TB of information that the CERN has just released. They are a treasure of particle physics

Exactly 100 years ago we began to understand how the world works. Quantum physics has radically changed our lives

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Well, not exactly 100 years ago. 100 years ago and one day. On July 9, 1925, German physicist Werner Heisenberg sent a letter to his friend Wolfgang Pauli, who at that time was already a very renowned theoretical physicist of Austrian origin. Heisenberg had been engaged for several months in the development of an idea that was permanently breaking with The classical conception of the atom as a tiny planetary system in which electrons orbit around a nucleus constituted by protons and neutrons. That letter contained several reflections that Pauli knew how to appreciate. In fact, shortly after receiving it Max Born, Pascual Jordan and Wolfgang Pauli himself took the work of Werner Heisenberg as a starting point to prepare for the first time in history a mature formulation of Quantum theory. The content of that letter supports nothing more and nothing less the most ambitious and precise framework in the history of science: Standard model of particle physics. Without him many of the technologies we enjoy today would not be possible. Quantum mechanics is very present in our day to day “Dear Pauli, if he believes that I read his letter laughing mockingly, he is deeply mistaken. Actually, the opposite happens; from Helgoland (it is a small German island located in the North Sea) my views on the mechanics have become more radical every day that passes, and I am firmly convinced that Bohr’s theory of the hydrogen atom in its current form Zeeman “. The article ‘Umdeutung’ (‘Reinterpretation’) of Heisenberg is considered the birth certificate of modern quantum theory The first lines of Heisenberg’s letter They clearly reflect the trust and respect he professed towards Pauli. And also how much the revolutionary ideas I had in mind were disturbed. In fact, a few lines later confess to having many doubts about the way he could carry out The rigorous formulation of those thoughts: “As for my own opinion about this scribble, with which I am not at all satisfied: I am firmly convinced of the value of the negative and critical part, but I consider that the positive part is rather poor. Even so, perhaps those most capable that I can get something sensible to it.” The scribble that Heisenberg speaks was actually the draft of his famous article ‘Umdeutung’ (‘Reinterpretation’), which shortly after was published. Many physicists consider that text the birth certificate of Modern Quantum Theory. Neither more nor less. Anyway, there is no doubt: during the next 100 years Heisenberg’s ideas and other physicists who also made decisive contributions to quantum theory, such as Wolfgang Pauli, Erwin Schrödinger, Max Born, Paul Am Douc, Niels Bohr or Albert Einstein, triggered the birth of many of the technologies we currently use. Integrated circuits containing all our electronic devices, Solar panelsmagnetic resonance machines, The lasers or the atomic watches that allow the human being to measure time with an unprecedented precision would not be possible without the knowledge that modern quantum theory has given us. And, of course, without this model we would not have Quantum computers. Objectively, and it is not at all an exaggeration, Quantum physics is present in much of modern technology. And all probability will continue to be in many of the innovations that will arrive in the future. That is not the slightest doubt. After all, it is the best tool we have to understand how the world works. Image | Generated by Xataka with Gemini More information | Cern In Xataka | The authentic alchemy is being made by the CERN: it has detected the transformation of lead into gold

Something is stealing our dream and they are not just the screens. A neurologist helps us understand what is really happening

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We sleep, we dream, we forget. But do we really know what happens while we sleep? Sleep paralysis, déjà vusawakening in the early morning or that exhaustion that appears even after Sleep eight hours. In this new section of Xataka we enter all those questions that we have ever asked ourselves and that until now were still without clear response. Or worse: full of myths. We release ‘Science and Apart’, a new section in Our YouTube channelalso Available as Podcast on Spotify and Ivoox. A space where we propose to talk about science with experts in the field. In this first episode, our partner Ángela Blanco talks with the doctor Daniel Blanes Jacquartspecialist in neurology and member of the Spanish Sleep Society. “Dream is a vital function,” explains Blanes. “It helps us to prepare our internal environment and respond to demands From the external environment. ”Sleeping is not simply to rest: it is a biological need that occupies much of our life. Although we perceive it as a kind of blackout, during the dream there are fundamental processes for our body, such as internal reparation. And it is not necessary to be a scientist to intuit it. Just look at the data of a smart watch like the Apple Watch Series 10 or the Huawei Watch 5. Those graphs that divide the night into phases such as REM, deep, essential or vigil are not only decorative: they respond to real processes that fulfill very different functions with each other. In our dialogue with Blanes, concepts such as declarative memory, emotional memory appear, what they are and in which part of the dream are fixed. The talk also addresses ideas such as the relationship between what we remember and the quality of rest. “We all dream a lot, but most dreams are not fixed in memory.” Our guest explains why this happens and what does it mean if We dream very often And we can tell what we have experienced (or we think we have experienced). Angela asks how it is possible to wake up paralyzed, unable to move. “Sleep paralysis is an incomplete awakening,” says Blanes, and adds: “I am awake, I wake up, but I continue with the activation of the visual, auditory cortex, that is, you can see things or you can hear things that are not because in the background is still that part of the REM active and, in addition, the paralysis is complete.” Issues that are very present in everyday life are also addressed. Do we sleep worse than before? Are the guilty screens? Does blue light affect us more than we believe? Throughout the episode we talk about the impact of sleep hormones, why we hate Mondays, narcolepsia and even the collagen we produce at night. “We have a tool to make collagen that is the dream.” We invite you to discover all this and much more in ‘Science and apart’, which starts with a very interesting episode and that makes some key concepts about sleep clear. It will help us better understand this fundamental part of our life. Now we just have to choose the platform you prefer to enjoy this first episode. Images | Xataka In Xataka | The close (and far) that we are not sleeping at all: for the first time in history, we have a small way to try In Xataka | More and more people are going on vacation simply to sleep

It affects few people, but Williams syndrome can help us understand new details about human evolution

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Williams syndrome is a condition with its own “personality.” And it is not quite a way of speaking, some call it “personality of the Williams syndrome”And it is one of the features that usually characterize people with this uncommon condition. Let’s start at the beginning: What is Williams syndrome. The origin of this can be found in the genes of the people in which it manifests itself, specifically in chromosome seven. The absence of a region that covers between 25 and 28 genes is what causes the appearance of the syndrome. This absence can be hereditary. Although most cases are not inherited but the result of chance, who manifest this syndrome have a 50% chance of transmitting it to their descendants. This is because it is a Dominant autosomal inheritance. The syndrome affects a person between 18,000 and 7,500and does it similarly regardless of sex. According to Explain in The conversation Deborah Riby, expert from Durham University, this syndrome usually comes associated with some concrete facial features But also with problems that affect the health of those who are born with him, including heart problems and difficulties when feeding. This syndrome is usually rigged with intellectual disabilities that can be between mild and moderate, but perhaps their most defining feature, and is greater extraversion and trust. The “Williams Syndrome Personality“Includes traits, Riby explains, as the greatest sensitivity and consciousness that occurs in parallel to the difficulties that people with this syndrome present. “Many individuals are highly mad (…), some are music experts and the large majority are highly social. ‘Extroven‘,’ Over-amygible ‘, and’ emotionally sensitive ‘, are frequently used descriptions to describe (this personality), ” Riby details In your article. People with this syndrome, very often, present hyperacusia, an extreme auditory sensitivity that can be responsible for high levels of anxiety. Levels that in turn can be disabling. These features are rigged with A vulnerability related, and that is that people with the syndrome can be excessively confident, explained to the BBC Alyson Muotri, from the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). Contrary to autism? The different vision of social exchanges that characterizes people with this syndrome makes some see this syndrome as “The opposite of autism”. The idea that this disorder is an opposite to autism is also nuanceable, says Riby. “There are several cognitive domains that are problematic in both disorders. Deficits in nonverbal behavior such as visual contact, facial expressions, interpretation of gestures, are widely documented. Additionally, we know that both disorders are associated with difficulties in sensory processing, high anxieties and repetitive behaviors or restrictive interests,” Riby adds to your article. The existence of this type of relationship, both similarities and differences, lead to the possibility that learning more about one could lead us to better know the other. Especially, Riby proposes, knowing more details about this syndrome of such clear genetic origin can give us clues about the biological mechanisms that determine the appearance of something as complex as autism is. And this is not the only way in which this syndrome can help us advance in the knowledge of our own species. Some experts seek how to take advantage of this to find out new data on how they evolved as human traits, trust or sympathy. Studies on this syndrome have managed to link some of their features with the disappearance of one gene or another. Interestingly, experts They have not found the gene “Limiting sympathy” whose disappearance makes these people more extroverted and friendly. In Xataka | The chromosome and is disappearing … What will be of men? Image | Xataka with chatgpt /

We increasingly understand the relationship between intestinal flora and sleep quality

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Many researchers ago They have been pointing That the intestine is not limited only to digesting food. It has neurons, produces substances that the brain also uses to communicate and, most curious, seems to be in direct contact with it. Hence some call it “The second brain”And maybe it does not sound so exaggerated if we think it can also influence how we sleep. Sleep badly affects digestion (And vice versa). It happens to many: after a heavy dinner it costs to sleep, and after a bad night the stomach seems more sensitive. Even if they seem like unrelated, they are actually connected. When one of the two fails, the other also shows it. Sleeping badly stresses the body, more cortisol is released and that can alter the functioning of the intestine. And if the digestive system does not do well, send signals to the brain that complicate relax and reconcile sleep. It is like a silent talk that happens all the time between what happens in the head and what it feels in the belly. The scientific support. There are more and more research that confirms something key: the quality of sleep is closely linked to the state of our intestinal microbiota. One of the most interesting studies was published in 2023. The scientists used a fairly accurate technique – called “bidirectional Mendelian random” – and showed that the dream and the intestine are in constant communication. When that balance is broken, either by a bad rest or by a digestive mismatch, both systems are affected. In addition, the most curious thing is that the key hormone to regulate sleep occurs in the intestine: melatonin. According to an investigationhaving an intestine in equilibrium could be one of the keys, sometimes invisible, to be able to sleep well. But … And stress? Stress is another great actor in this story. When you are stressed, not only costs you more to sleep. The digestive system is also altered. And most interesting: the intestinal microbiota is also affected. In fact, a recent study He has found That the intestine reacts to stress and, dependent on how it is, can calm or worsen it. If the intestinal flora is unbalanced, more anxiety, more irritability will be felt, and will cost more relax. In the end, it is a vicious circle: stress alters the intestine, the intestine responds badly, and all that interferes in sleep. The focus on food. The diet is key to maintaining a balanced microbiota, which helps regulate sleep and mood. A study He has revealed The importance of eating with regular schedules, avoiding heavy or late dinners, incorporating fiber -rich foods, natural fermented ones such as yogurt or kefir, and reducing outraprocesses can have a real impact on your rest. I even know has observed That certain probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium brief, can improve sleep quality by influencing the hormonal axis that regulates stress. Sleeping is not a matter of a good pillow. That too. Sleeping well is an act of balance. Not only mental, also intestinal. Understanding that invisible connection between the brain and the digestive system can be the first step to recover rest. Because sometimes, taking care of the belly is also taking care of sleep. Image | Pexels Xataka | We are increasingly clear that our microbiome is key to our health. Our protein sources can also alter it

Manufacturers have drunk attendee cars for our safety. We do not use them and (worse) we don’t understand them either

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“We know that many people deactivate the lane maintenance assistant. Why should we sell it?” With these words, Denis Le Vot, CEO of Dacia, attacked the European Union and his commitment to adas systems for driving in 2022. What defended the head of the company is that most users They deactivate these aid Security and that, therefore, I did not understand why manufacturers were forced to include them in their cars. Years later, it seems that time is giving the reason to vote. They are neither appreciated nor used Since 2022, All cars approved in Europe They are obliged to set up a series of ADAS aids to driving, including emergency braking, lane output alert or controversial speeding warning that works hand in hand with signal recognition. These aid are, since 2024, mandatory series in every new car sold in Europe. That is, regardless of when any new car that has been bought or is about to be bought has been approved for a year. This, without a doubt, is one of the reasons that cars have increased. Therefore, we must understand that the CEO of Dacia had reasons to attack the European Union. For a brand that has always fought for price, including more starting equipment makes it difficult to. It is, of course, part interested in the debate. However, the data seems to give the vote right. At least that is what those who take the temperature of the conductors say. In JD Power they assured A few months ago that one in four buyers From a car in the United States he had reported a problem with ADAS systems in the first 90 days after buying the car. These problems do not refer exclusively to faults or system failures, they also refer to the inconveniences that users have found because they do not understand the systems or are not very clear how they can deactivate or configure them. Frictions have also increased, according to the study. In the last five years, the technology of the manufacturers in this area has been fired (much guilt has the security regulations), which has made more and more people who choose to deactivate these alerts. “They are too annoying and intrusive,” They point out from JDPOWER. The solution, they say, should go through more detailed explanations by the dealers to explain how these systems work and how they can take advantage of. In part, what happens in Europe is moving to other regions of the world. In the United Kingdom, the ADAS systems that are in the European Union are not mandatory but companies include them by cost savings. However, the data says that Most of them deactivate aid and that the ISA speeding system is the most affected. In a 2020 survey conducted by Erie Insuranceit was stressed that the second help system that was most deactivated after the alert for speed was the maintenance of lane. However, The European Commission points that between the lane output notice can reduce accidents between 10 and 21% and that lane maintenance can reduce the severity of the wounds suffered in an accident by up to 30% of the cases. There is, therefore, a disconnection between regulators and users. Keep in mind that not only the European Union demands these security measures. Euro NCAP, in their studies, punishes the companies that do not offer passive security systems that expand mandatory serial coverage. Euro NCAP is an independent study and cars that are homologated and sold in Europe They are not obliged to undergo their evidence. However, they have achieved quality status for the public that is rare who does not appear to them. This costs Dacia to receive a score of only three stars even though they are regular. It is not the shock tests that they have their safety levels in case of accidentthey penalize very basic adas systems equipment that is barely Leave Dacia Duster in an approved justito. And what happens in Spain? That we feel the same as Americans and British, according to A study of Fesvial entitled “Knowledge of the ADAS systems by the Spanish population” that was published in 2022. It indicated that “70% are not clear that the ADAS are intelligent enough to guarantee the safety of the person who conducts” and “30% are not convinced that the ADAS contribute to reduce collisions or their severity.” Data that exemplify the aforementioned gap between regulators and users. Photo | In Xataka | We are forgetting to drive. It has no importance and DGT exams know

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