solution

The US believes to have the definitive solution to prevent its avant -garde chips for China

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Despite the efforts you are making The US government to avoid itthe avant -garde GPU for artificial intelligence (AI) that produce nvidia, AMD or brains They continue to arrive in China. Controlling secondary markets and parallel import routes is extremely difficult, especially when they run through countries such as India, Malaysia or Singapore, in which The US action It is very limited. This is the reason why, According to Bloombergthe US Department of Commerce, which is responsible for regulating exports, is considering starting an unpublished strategy. This measure will consist, if it finally comes to fruition, to introduce the technology necessary to allow them to be tracked at all times. A priori would be a form of geolocation that would identify where each integrated circuit resides during its journey once it leaves the semiconductor factory. This strategy raises technical challenges Michael Kratsios, the director of the Office of Scientific and Technological Policy of the White House and one of those responsible for the US government’s action plan for the development of AI, has confirmed that are considering the possibility of introducing tracking solutions both implemented in the hardware and software itself: “We are discussing what software or physical changes could be introduced into the chips themselves to improve the tracking of their location.” The constant tracking by GPS is not practical in this scenario of use, according to Kratsios himself The US administration is determined to protect its current leadership in the development of hardware for AI as the adoption of this technology accelerates throughout the planet. However, implement the solution proposed by Kratsios and other White House advisors It implies important technical challenges. Constant tracking by GPS is not practical in this scenario of use, According to Kratsios himselfso a possible solution is to introduce in each chip the logic necessary to confirm its location periodically. In this way, external networks can be reduced. The problem is that this design increases the complexity of the logic of each chip and can presumably impact its performance, which would penalize its productivity in the calculation centers. In addition, the cost of each GPU will increase and hackers They could find new ways to violate the safety of these chips by resorting to possible weaknesses of tracking logic. All probability to Nvidia, AMD, Intel and other designers and chips manufacturers for this measure will not like them. They will hardly introduce a logic that will make them more vulnerable and make them more vulnerable. His problem is that so far in this area the US government has adopted a little conciliatory position. And it does not seem that your attitude will change. Image | Nvidia More information | Bloomberg In Xataka | The US will not be able to contain the technological development of China. Experts from the chips industry forecast it

The solution to the drone problem was in an invention of 500 years

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Although for a while to this part The drones It seems that they are associated To the war machinery of the different Conflicts on the planetthe truth is that its utility has always been ambicious much further of the contests. These devices could be the solution to many of the problems of the big cities, but they have several “buts”, and one in particular. It turns out that the solution has been able to be in a notebook for centuries. Leonardo and a “modern” dilemma. The genius Leonardo da Vincialthough limited by the technology of his time, he seems to have once again found validity five centuries later. Their notebooks, full of visionary schemes, included the Famous “Air Screw”a helical design conceived as a flying machine that, although it was never built or viable with the media of the Renaissance, already represented an early idea of propeller generating support. Now, a study from Johns Hopkins University, Available in Arxiv And still pending pairs, it points to this mechanism could solve one of the most serious problems of current drones: excessive noise. A contemporary problem. The drones, no doubt, have become a omnipresent tool: They serve For bailouts in The Himalayasfor Environmental experiments in Pacific Islands, to Military Missionsartistic or even recreational. However, society is beginning to perceive them as a growing source of noise pollution. A 2021 report I already noticed that the noise of the drones not only equals, but it is More annoying than traffic or conventional aviation. The reason is not only the sound intensity, but the quality of the frequencies that generate: acute, sinusoidal and persistent tones, which bounce on the ground and amplify its irritating effect. Parallel investigations They have explored metamorphic materials capable of absorbing until 94% of the noisebut the great challenge is still to rethink the propeller itself. Renaissance inspiration. This is where the researchers led By Suryansh Prakhar They look at Leonardo. That Air screwpossibly inspired by the beginning of Archimedes’ screwwas three -dimensional modeling by CAD and subjected to numerical simulations to evaluate their performance against conventional two -blade rotors. Although in its Original Conception It had to be driven by men running around an axis (which made it unfeasible in its time), its helical geometry was surprisingly promising. The modernized model, based on the design ELICO from the University of Maryland in 2020, he showed that the air screw was not only able to generate support, but did With acoustic advantages and energy efficiency. Science verdict. The results They indicated that, for the same lifting load, the air screw requires Less mechanical power and produce Less noise than a conventional propeller. Its largest contact with air allows you to turn more slowly, thus reducing turbulence and emitting smaller, less irritating and rapid dissipation sounds. In practical terms, the Leonardo design It would not exceed modern propellers in absolute thrust capacity or performance optimization, but it does offer a concrete way to solve the problem of noise in densely populated urban environments, where the social acceptance of drones is still limited. LESSONS OF THE PAST. He study It does not propose to immediately replace current rotors, but to point out that unconventional geometries, inspired by ideas such as Da Vinci, can open roads to drones most silent and sustainable. The paradox is eloquent: centuries of aerospace research had not seriously considered this helical form, and now science recognizes that a fifteenth century sketch It contains useful clues for 21st century engineering. In Prakhar’s wordsthe objective is to continue exploring traditional, experimental and biomimetic configurations to perfect aerodynamics and aeracoustics of drones. Ultimately, rather than demonstrating that Leonardo “invented modern drone”, the investigation Validate your talent to think radically differently, remembering on the path that technological progress does not always advance in a straight line and that sometimes the future needs the past to find answers. Image | David Rodriguez, Luc Viatour In Xataka | A drawing by Leonardo da Vinci hid a hidden map. The work has revealed the secret tunnels of a castle of the 20th century In Xataka | Da Vinci’s last secret was not in his paintings or notes, but in his family: a direct link with Barcelona

Most of us are irremediably addicted to the mobile. An ex-Google worker has the solution

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How many times do you look at your mobile per day? You can easily check it and surely the number will surprise them (I an average of 70 times a day). Many times we only look at the time, sometimes it is a notification that attracts our attention. The fact is that we look at the mobile many times, to fight it, in Xataka mobile They have tested the trick proposed by a former Google employee: not having apps on the home screen. The idea. In an attempt to lower their mobile statistics, our partner Eva Rodríguez He found a method that he had not tried. The idea arises from the book ‘Make Time: How to focus on what matters every day’written by Jake Knapp and John Zeratsky Ex-Google and YouTube workmen respectively. In the book, the authors explore several methods to improve our habits and recover The concentration, the great victim of the digital era. The mobile is one of the main culprits, so it is not surprising to dedicate a complete block. Zero apps. You unlock the mobile to look at the time and, without realizing it, you end up sending Reels To your friends. If you use a lot of Instagram and you have the app in view, it is very likely that you almost unconsciously open the app. We can try to hide it in a folder or take it to another screen, but the authors propose something more radical: to completely empty the home screen. The idea behind this is that we have to think what we want to consult when taking the mobile and not that we do it impulsively because we see an icon. The before and after the Eva beginning screen. Works? Eva left her starting screen completely “peeled” to see if he stopped consulting the mobile. The first thing he felt was unease in case something important was lost, although he admits that he has not had problems in that regard. The second was that the mobile was resulting extremely uncomfortable to drive. It may seem negative, but it really is what this technique seeks. He has managed to stop the inertia that makes Instagram, X or Tiktok open and end up in a spiral of doomscrolling. There are more. In the book, Knapp and Zeratsky speak of more tips to reduce mobile distractions such as eliminating all notifications. This is quite obvious, but they have other more curious such as closing the open sessions. The author not only closed them, he also changed the passwords for something very difficult to remember, so that he could not log in without going through the password manager, which of course also had the session closed. Create friction. This is what the advice of these authors seeks, which is uncomfortable to find that app with which we lose time. In other words: we have to strive to procrastine. If we eliminate fast access we can no longer enter with a simple touch; Now you have to open the Apps drawer and look for it among all we have installed. Automatism ceases to be something automatic and becomes something sought and intentional. Images | Eva Rodríguez, Xataka Mobile In Xataka | We have our attention so broken that a buoyant industry has emerged: keyboards “without distractions”

The big problem of green hydrogen is the dependence of fresh water. We have found the solution in the sewers

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In the great darking puzzle, Green hydrogen points ways to become one of the most important pieces. Has become one of the Great bets of the European Union For the Energy transitionbut although renewable energies such as solar or wind are used to produce it, it has a big problem: Consume a huge amount of fresh water. Some researchers want to stop this problem using something we produce in industrial quantities. Sewage. The water problem. Talking about clean energy implies looking at some initial point of the process to realize that there is still an ecological footprint. Electric cars do not emit, but make their batteries yesFor example. Something similar happens with green hydrogen. Solar or wind energy is which is used to perform the electrolysis process With which hydrogen is generated to use as a source of energy, but as we said, a lot of water is consumed, a resource that is increasingly scarce For millions of people. That is why we are investigating alternative ways to generate green hydrogen without those huge amounts of fresh water. For example, using seawaterbut there is a type of fresh water that had not been considered for the process and that has now entered the equation. Trash Treasury in wastewater. These waters contain a series of pollutants that, according to logic, would make it difficult to Electrolysis process. They have nickel, platinum, chromium and other metals that, until now, had to be extracted from water in an expensive purification process before using that water in electrolysis. However, a team from the School of Sciences of the Australian Rmit has found a way to take advantage of these metals to accelerate the production of green hydrogen. In electrolysis, electrodes are a key component because it is the one that facilitates the reaction that separates water in its base components: hydrogen and oxygen. To do this, an anode is used (where water breaks down releasing oxygen and electrons) and a cathode (protons earn electrons and form hydrogen molecules). In the anode and cathode metals such as nickel, platinum or iride are used as those found in wastewater, and what they have done from the RMIT is … take advantage of them. The invention. To do this, the electrode is manufactured with an absorbent carbon surface that attracts those metals present in wastewater, as if it were a magnet. When they “catch them”, form catalysts that conduct electricity and start that task of dividing water into its components. Nasir Mahmood is one of the researchers and, as we read in Miragenewsexplains the reaction as follows: “The catalyst accelerates a chemical reaction without consumed in the process, allowing metals to interact with other elements present in wastewater and enhancing the necessary electrochemical reactions to divide water into oxygen and hydrogen. And, beyond the theory, the team devised a device that managed They expose in ACSa stability of 95%. This pilot device, connected to a small solar plate, is the one you can see in the image that opens this article. And the waters look at everything … except purified water. Potential. Now, it is not as easy as taking the wastewater and using it directly. The team Confirm which used wastewater that had been subjected to some treatment to eliminate solid waste, organic matter and other nutrients. Not metals, yes. The water used for the experiment comes from agricultural waste, which opens another door to the circular economy of the materials. HE esteem that more than 80% of wastewater return to the planet without any treatment (although other sources They point at 50%), but if we started using a part to produce green hydrogen, we would be reducing that percentage, giving a breath to areas with drought problems and allowing to inject energy into those areas without affecting their Drinking water deposits. In developing countries it would have great potential. An upcoming step is to try more types of wastewater, since not all have the same amount of metals in their composition, and as professor Nicky Eshtiaghi, another of the authors of the study, comments, the plan now is to look for partners to climb technology and find commercial applications. Images | Rmit, Hightail Xataka | In Peru, a company has had an idea to take wind energy directly to your home: turbines as a lay way

A small town in Holland has the solution to mass tourism: to fool Google Maps

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Mass tourism has unable consequences for residents. Recently we talked about the Avalanche of tourists who go to the lavender fields in Brihuega. In the Parkbuurt neighborhood, located in a small coastal town in Holland, they also have problems with tourism. Specifically because, in the most influx days, it is impossible for them to park. The neighbors have got to work to solve it with a very ingenious method. Fed up neighbors. Parking in Parkbuurt was not a problem until tourists arrived. Especially on weekends, its streets are filled with cars and neighbors, fed up with not being able to park normally, as they say in NH News. What they did was start reporting street blockages on Google Maps so that the app sending visitors to other areas. Google Maps to Rescue. It is the navigation app most used in the world And its function to report incidents on the road makes it perfect for this type of actions. A single report would not take effect, but with neighbors organizing to send reports at the same time the thing changes. The streets of the neighborhood appear as cut in the app and that makes visitors go to other areas. Answer. The trick has worked for them, but it has had some unwanted effects. Gert-Jan Bluijs, councilor of the municipality, is not funny and ensures that this measure has generated more chaos in other adjacent neighborhoods. The neighbors defend themselves from criticism ensuring that it is a peaceful measure that only apply on weekends, during the week they were not applying it. They see it as a way of exerting pressure to do something from the City Council. At the moment, what the City Council has done is to place a sign at the entrance of the town asking visitors to deactivate Google Maps. More cases. It is not the first time that similar tactics are used to combat tourist saturation. A few months ago something similar also happened in Holland, near the area of the Keukenhof Tulipanes gardens. This same year, we knew that Barcelona had eliminated a Google Maps bus route so that tourists would not collapse it. The result was good in that bus line, but others collapsed. The other face. We have seen that navigation apps can be a tool to divert traffic, but they can also be the cause of the problem. Years ago we told you how Waze’s suggestions ruined the tranquility of some neighborhoods. The app, now GOOGLE PROPERTYsuggests faster routes and diverts traffic through streets that used to be little busy. In Xataka | Iceland is so tired of tourism that it has decided to stop it drastically: fringing its visitors Image | Rudi Arlt in Pixabay

In Pinto and Sanxenxo they could not sign doctors, so they opted for a radical solution: “give them” a house

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The challenge brings them. In Pinto, a municipality located south of the Community of Madrid has long faced the complicated task of ensuring that their 56,000 inhabitants will meet a doctor when they go to their health center. The reason? Its outpatients are cataloged as “Difficult coverage”a handicap to which the shortage of specialists in family and community medicine nationwide and the cost of housing in the city (11.7 euros/m2), that (although it remains significantly below the prices of the capital) has seen how rents were more expensive 17.5% in a matter of one year. Given that panorama, the City Council of Pinto has opted for a radical measure: ‘give away’ floors to doctors who move to the municipality. It is nothing new. Before He already did For similar reasons another Galician town: Sanxenxo. What happened? That Pinto has opted for a radical measure to capture new doctors and guarantee health care in their health centers and PAC. So that the city squares are more attractive and the house does not involve a problem, the City Council will offer accommodation without cost to the doctors. Literally. The decision was announced by the mayor himself, Solomon Aguado (PP), At the end of Juneduring the debate on the state of the city. And how will it do it? Your idea is to offer up to six municipal ownership homes, apartments from one or two bedrooms in which doctors can settle for free. The agreement will be formalized through the bailment, a contract by which the City Council yields the enjoyment of the floor without cost for a certain time. Once that term is fulfilled the Consistory recovers the house. Except for last minute or unforeseen changes, the objective is that the measure is launched immediately, throughout The second half of the year. What result has you given? For now the offer seems to have aroused interest. Only a few hours after the announcement, in the City Council mailbox There were already applications of doctors from different areas of the country. And since then the drip of curricula has remained. Today The confidential account That Pinto has more than 40 candidates from the Balearic Islands, Galicia, Andalucía, Castilla-La Mancha, Canary Islands … and even countries such as Cuba, Venezuela, Ecuador or Mexico. Their curricula will be transferred to the Community of Madrid to include them in the bag to which, periodically, vacancies available in the town are offered. How serious is the problem? The City Council of Pinto recalls that its health centers are considered “difficult to cover” and, although in recent years the shortage of doctors has softened, the situation in the city’s consultations remains without being the ideal. Hence you want to capture more doctors. The country remember how at its worst moment the town stayed No doctors in the emergency room and the template of its two health centers was reduced to minimum levels. Free housing is not the only claim to attract doctors to Pinto. In 2024 the regional government announced an incentive of 500 euros per month For professionals who work in “difficult coverage” centers, a complement that, as the Executive himself remembered, adds to other pluses already approved. Ayuso recently He influenced again In that line when announcing a salary increase of 280 euros for nurses who work in centers with the same consideration. Is it something new? No. In recent years Other municipalities They have launched to offer Free housing to cover certain services or even stop the depopulation. However, there is a specific town that already resorted to a formula similar to that of Pinto with the same purpose: Sanxenxo, a municipality of Las Rías Baixas of 18,000 neighbors What sees how its population multiplies exponentially During the summer months. Precisely for that reason, a few years ago his City Council He had an idea To ensure that your health care is reinforced from June to September: offer free housing to doctors. The measure was supported by an agreement signed by the Consistory and the Sergas (the Galician service of Saúde) and contemplated that the municipality took charge of the rental of four homes during the summer months. The idea was the same: free house for doctors willing to reinforce attention in the centers of the area, although in its case the offer was temporary, of June 1 and September 30. The initiative worked A timebut It was abandoned This summer. The reason? Sergas can already cover places with their own doctors. In Sanxenxo the M2 for rent reached in June the € 22.8almost 33% more than a year ago. Images | Pinto City Council, Luis Meléndez (UNSPLASH) and Wikipedia (Zarateman) In Xataka | There is a Spain in which housing is built faster than homes are formed. Nor is she getting rid of the price increase

The end of mathematical problems without solution

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To the models of artificial intelligence (AI) Currently, mathematics are good. In fact, in October 2024 Goal AIthe finish line, managed to generalize Lyapunov’s function. The Russian mathematician Aleksander Lyapunov proposed the concept of the function that bears his name in 1892. His work is a very important tool in the study of dynamic systems, but mathematicians have since struggled to find a general method that allows identifying the functions of Lyapunov. And they have not been successful. However, Goal AI has had it. This is not at all the only recent success of AI models in the field of mathematics. Sergei Gukov, Professor of Theoretical Physics and Mathematics at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), leads a team of researchers who are looking for The way to use this technology to solve advanced mathematical problems that require thousands, millions, or even billions of steps. Currently these scientists are working on the conjecture of Andrews-Curtis, a problem of combinatorial theory of groups proposed 60 years ago. Google and Openai AI have won gold in the mathematics Olympiad Gukov and his team have not yet managed to solve the main conjecture, but with the help of AI they have achieved something important: they have refuted several families of problems related to the conjecture of Andrews-Curtis and known as counterexamples that have remained open for more than 25 years. Gukov acknowledges That current AI models have important limitations when facing very complex mathematical problems, but it has the hope that in the future this technology allows the human being to solve Mathematical Millennium Problems. The best asset that researchers have to face this challenge is to instruct AI by resorting to learning for reinforcement According to this mathematician, the best asset that researchers have to face this challenge is to instruct AI by resorting to Reinforcement learning. Anyway, something important has just happened. As we anticipate in the holder of this article, the models of Google and Openai AI They have won the gold in The International Mathematics Olympiad. Both managed to solve five of the six problems posed using general purpose reasoning models capable of processing mathematical concepts using natural language. This strategy is different from the one they have previously used the AI companies in mathematical tests. In any case, According to SCMP An expert they have consulted argues that the speed with which the AI models are being developed suggests that they are less than a year after being used to solve some mathematical problems that still have no solution. As we have seen, Sergei Gukov defends this same idea, although this last mathematician has not dared to specify the moment in which AI will begin to solve the problems in which mathematicians have been engaged decades. Who knows, perhaps the solution to the millennium problems is close. Hopefully. Image | Jesus Thomas More information | SCMP In Xataka | These two problems have baffled mathematicians for decades. A genius has solved them with a stroke

You have the solution ready before the problem appears

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Nvidia is where it is by chance. Just two weeks ago the company led by Jensen Huang reached a capitalization value of 4 billion dollars. It is the first company in history that materializes this milestone. Largely His overwhelming success of recent years It is the result of the privilege position it occupies in the hardware industry for artificial intelligence (AI) with a global market share higher than 80%. However, to find the authentic reason for its success we have to go back to its origins. According to Tae Kim, the author of the trial book ‘The Nvidia Way’this company continues to compete today thanks to two qualities of Huang: its perseverance and its intuition. Thanks to them, he managed to overcome in 1998 a crisis that He was about to end Nvidia. And thanks to them this executive has developed a surprising capacity of anticipation. Nvidia has trouble making the H20 GPU, but the solution is on the way ‘The dilemma of innovators’ It is one of Jensen Huang’s favorite books. The ideas that Clayton M. Christensen exhibited in 1997 have helped him not only to place his company in The privilege position that currently holds in the technology industry; They have also allowed him to keep it at the top of success for more than two decades. And, above all, they have taught him how to anticipate the blows and how he can prepare to fit them. The last one received it in April. And is that in the middle of that month the US Department of Commerce imposed new restrictions to the export to China of the GPU for AI H20what in practice caused this chip to stop arriving at the Chinese clients of this company. This news Nvidia’s shares sank 6% in the bag because I could no longer attend the commitments linked to the H20 GPU that it had acquired. Among the Chinese clients who had bought great amounts of this GPU, and who presumably planned to continue doing it, were Tencent, Alibaba or Bytedance. The most advanced TSMC manufacturing lines have a very high demand and there is an endless waiting list Finally, like We explain to you on July 15Nvidia has made the Department of Commerce review its regulation and allow you to sell the H20 GPU in China again. “The US government has assured us that licenses will be granted. We hope to start deliveries soon,” Pray a statement from Nvidia. But, once again, this company has stumbled upon a problem. When the Trade Department restricted the export of the H20 GPU, Nvidia asked TSMC to stop the manufacture of this chip. It is normal. It was expressly designed for the Chinese market and was not going to be able to continue selling it in China. Now resume large -scale production of the H20 GPU in the TSMC nodes is a problem because the most advanced manufacturing lines They have a very high demand And there is an endless waiting list. A priori this scenario could be a hard blow for Nvidia because it would prevent him from serving his Chinese clients, but the solution has been on his way for many months. And it is that the company’s engineers have been working on A new GPU with Blackwell microarchitecture The latest generation that is intended to occupy in China the place of the H20 chip. In fact, presumably TSMC began in June the production of The B30 GPUwhich is how it seems to be called. What we know at the moment is that this chip for AI will be less capable than the H20 GPU, as is logical, and also that its price will move between $ 6,500 and $ 8,000. For domestic users it is a lot of money, but in the field of professional GPUs for AI it is a moderate price. In fact, the H20 GPU costs between $ 10,000 and $ 12,000. Image | Nvidia More information | Commercial Times | The Information In Xataka | The US gives Huawei a great opportunity: to get its new chip for AI with the Nvidia market in China

Our body is full of almost indestructible “eternal chemicals.” It turns out that we have the solution in the intestine

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“Eternal chemicals” is a name with great loudness. They are practically indestructible molecules, and the problem is that they are really harmful for both nature and us. In recent years we are taking it seriously and we have sought Remove them with guns with electron beams. Also through forms of break their molecular bondsand now a bacterium can become an ally to end these eternal chemicals. And it will be as easy as taking a capsule. A slow poison. The perfluoroalquiladas and the polyfluoroalquiladas, known as PFASThey are a relative of about 4,700 synthetic molecules that have great resistance due to the unions between fluorine and carbon atoms. They are very useful for that resistance, since the molecular union is very stable and does not react to external agents. The problem is that they are used in many products (hygiene, textiles, pesticides, containers or Even in the wine), they accumulate in nature by not being destroyed and, potentially, also in our body. PFAS and their derivatives, such as trifluoacetic acid, are related to soil contamination and water sources. And the prolonged exposure to certain PFAS has been related With a higher risk of kidney cancer and testicles, alterations in the immune system, changes in cholesterol, fertility problems and increased blood pressure in pregnancy. Intestinal bacteria. That is why we commented on some lines: we are looking for how to end them. It is difficult, but researchers from the University of Cambridge have TOP With an unexpected ally: human intestinal bacteria. Specifically, the Faecalibacterium prausnitziian intestinal bacterium that, together with others found in our body, has proven to be very effective absorbing pfas. In experiments, and as they point out in Natureresearchers have found about 38 bacterial strains that absorb these eternal chemicals. Basically, they quickly accumulate great concentrations of PFAS minutes after exposure to them. How do they do it? Catching toxic compounds within cell groups, protecting both themselves and the host. Come on, putting the pfa in quarantine. Swallowing more and more. To test it, the toxicology unit of the University of Cambridge experienced with mice that had ingested PFAS. They introduced nine bacterial strains in their organism and observed that these bacteria quickly trapped the PFAS and then were naturally expelled through the feces. The interesting thing is that bacteria work more intensely at greater concentration, with constant elimination rates of between 25% and 74% of the PFAS present in the body. Horizon. Studies are constantly published in which they tell us how they have discovered the potential of something to improve our life, but usually, the conclusion is usually a “we need more evidence and we will see.” In the case of bacteria that engulf eternal chemicals, researchers have something clearer what the road map is after those first experiments in mice. In the next steps, they will explore the development of Probiotics specifically aimed at improving our defenses against PFAS, and they have it so clear that they have founded a startup of biotechnology To develop these products. The objective is that the first is ready by 2026 and what these specialized probiotics will do will be to capture chemicals before they are reabsorbed in the intestine and “encapsulate them” for excretion through the digestive system. Images | Cambridge University In Xataka | Some bacteria can “feel” the acid in their surroundings. And his way of adapting is mutating

If you also feel that you do not have so much time to read as you would like, there is a solution: the “fast reading”

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I confess that Bill Gates gives me some healthy envy. Not just to have A current account which looks like a phone number with so many figures, but for its ability to Read more than 50 books a year. I have tried and it has been impossible for me. But Do not shoot the towel. Scientific evidence revealsthat there is a balance point between the speed of reading and the ability to understand and retention of the content that is being read. However, with adequate practice, that balance can be improved by accelerating the reading speed without compromising Reading understanding. Research Like those of the University of Guayaquil, they conclude that the reading speed can increase significantly with the practice and use of appropriate techniques. An average reader reads between 200 and 400 words per minute, while through rapid reading training, that speed can reach speeds of up to 1,000 or 1,700 words per minute. Strike a balance Fast reading is especially useful for processing long texts superficially, being useful for obtaining general ideas or punctual information. It is not recommended in contexts where a deep understanding, detailed analysis or memorization of the content is required, but when it comes to seeking specific information or in texts that address subjects of which previous knowledge is already had. The main ones involved in a slow reading speed are: Subvocalization: It is the habit of mentally pronouncing the words that are read. That limits the reading speed since the visual image of the word that interprets the brain is vocalized as if you are reading aloud, undergoing the need to vocalize each of the words and not limit itself to the compression of it. Word reading by word: The global understanding of the text decreases. Regression: reread several times or have to search in the next line of text as it breaks the reading flow. Low concentration: It affects both speed and retention. Quick Reading Techniques Science reveals that this speed increase is not a magical process, but the result of the conscious training of eye movements, vocabulary expansion and the use of strategies to improve global understanding, and not only the amount of words read per minute. 1. Fragmentation This technique is to avoid reading word by word and assimilating the Words by groups. For example, to start training, you can group the words of the phrases of two by two and increase the number progressively With practice. At first it may be a bit strange, but the brain recognizes the words for its morphology, which explains, for example, that you Cberreo Pdeue Read Etse Txeto. If you read it Word A Word would cost you more than in block because a word contextualizes its adjacent. This principle makes your view jump between words, not word in word during reading. The usual thing is to start reading like this:In-a-place-of-the-scan-of-whose-name-no-quiero-alleging But with a little practice, we soon start reading like this: ANDn a place-of the stain-of whose name-I do not want to remember With proper training, the number of “pauses” is reduced: In a place in the stain-of whose name I do not want to remember. 2. Use a visual guide The rupture of the reading flow is one of the most frequent causes for reading the reading. This usually happens when you have difficulty finding the following text line. The solution: as simple as using the finger to indicate the start of the next text line or an equivalent visual guide. On screens you can use the mouse pointer as a guide. If you prefer Read on mobiles or tablets, the edge the screen or any other reference can contribute to the view not to hesitate when looking for the next line and the reading inertia is maintained. 3. Be faster than voice If when you read you listen to the words in your brain, you are not reading quick enough. As we have said before, this phenomenon is known as subvocalization. To avoid this, it will be necessary to train the reading speed trying to read faster than that inner voice is able to vocalize. In doing so, it will be forcing the brain to prioritize visual processing instead of the “auditory” of your internal voice, thus improving the reading speed. 4. Infinite look Like any other muscle, ocular muscles should also be exercised to improve reading speed. One way to improve your performance is to practice infinity to get a visual sweep of the most efficient text. This technique consists in drawing the infinity symbol (∞) on the text block, so that the look runs in a more global way, not line by line, and improves the capture of words by blocks. In Xataka | The productivity books that have helped me the most: the recommendations of the Xataka editors Image | Unspash (Thought catog, Eliott Reyna)

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