NASA has seen that it accelerates and slows down to the rhythm of the seasons

On the icy and remote islands of Svalbard archipelago In Norway, the Earth hides ice colossi with behavior that fascinates science. And they are not frozen static masses, but rather incredibly dynamic frozen rivers that have been under the watchful eye of NASA satellites. Something really important because he has been able to capture an amazing phenomenon on the Stonebreen Glacier: a flow pattern that simulates a seasonal “beat”, and that even has a very characteristic red color. A transformation phenomenon. The recent article published by the NASA Earth Observatoryreveals how this glacier transforms during the warmer months. The data show a brutal choreography in which the ice moved at speeds of up to 2,590 meters per year in the summer of 2020. Although the real question here is what exactly makes this glacier “beat” with such force and how we have managed to measure it with such precision. Melt water. Glaciologist Chad Greene, a key researcher in this discovery, explains that the secret of this heartbeat lies in the water. During the summer, melt water penetrates to the base of the glacier and this water dramatically increases the hydrostatic pressure, acting as a powerful lubricant between the immense mass of ice and the bedrock. In this way, by losing friction, the glacier slides towards the ocean at dizzying speeds. Scientists call this phenomenon “upwelling.” While the vast majority of the planet’s glaciers flow at a more or less constant speed, only 1% of global glaciers experience this type of cycle of rapid advance and subsequent dormancy. Coincidentally, Svalbard is one of the places in the world where this anomalous behavior is most common. ITS_LIVE. Tracking the movement of a glacier millimeter by millimeter is not a simple task at all, and to achieve this, scientists have used this technology, which is a monumental initiative. developed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. This system acts as a large, high-resolution global radar and to this end, it automatically processes millions of pairs of optical and radar images obtained by satellite constellations such as NASA’s Landsat and ESA’s Sentinel using a powerful algorithm called autoRIFT. A long process. It is not something that can be done in two days of analysis, but to achieve this result it has been necessary to process more than 36 million pairs of images collected since 1982. By processing this data, the tools are capable of generating maps where the colors reveal the movement: intense red to identify fast flows and pink for slower progress. A fragile giant. The science behind Stonebreen has been fascinating researchers for years, since previous studies already warned about the precarious situation of the glacier. In 2017, Strozzi’s team documented how the glacier underwent significant frontal destabilization, and after a slow retreat that lasted until 2011, it experienced a strong acceleration driven by the loss of thickness and, possibly, the intrusion of unusually warm ocean water. The problem is that part of the glacier is anchored below sea level for six kilometers from its front. This particularity makes it extremely vulnerable both to melting and to erosion by the ocean itself in front of it. Its relevance. In a context of climate emergency like the one we live in, understanding these beats is vital. As Noël’s team has already demonstrated, the low altitude of the glaciers in Svalbard is directly correlated with a very high variability in ice mass loss, which can be a disaster as sea levels rise. That is why these projects are very important, since they allow almost real-time research, not only of the wonderful seasonal “heartbeat” of nature, but it is our best predictive tool to calculate exactly how the melt will behave and, consequently, how it will affect the entire ecosystem. Images | Vince Gx In Xataka | So much ice has melted in Greenland that plankton has grown by 40%. It’s not good news

China needs its own TSMC to withstand the US pressure. His best candidate already grows at a rhythm of vertigo

The US wants to avoid at any price that China has avant -garde photolithography equipment. These complex machines are necessary to manufacture very high integration semiconductorssuch as those used by the data centers specialized in artificial intelligence (AI). And without them the technological development of the country led by Xi Jinping has slowed down. It is fair What the US government wants. China is dedicating a huge amount of resources to the development of its own avant -garde lithography teams. Two of its largest investments They arrived in 2014 and 2019before the technological war of which we are witnessing was unleashed. In 2014, the Chinese government injected about 19,000 million dollars into its chip industry, and in 2019 this figure increased to touching 27.5 billion dollars. However, these investments pale in front of China at the end of 2023. And it is that just two years ago the government approved An investment of 41,000 million dollars expressly dedicated to manufacturers of lithography equipment. In any case, these machines are only one of the ingredients of a recipe in which the leading role is interpreted by chips manufacturers. And the best option that China has is SMIC (Semiconductor manufacturing international corp). This company has cost more than two years to refine its most advanced integration technology as necessary to produce integrated 5 nm circuitsbut your effort is already paying fruit. And is that, According to SCMPtheir income during the first semester of 2025 has increased by 22% if we compare them with the same period last year. And its benefits have grown by 35.6%. This is SMIC’s great challenge: go beyond 7 nm Dr. Kim, an expert in chips manufacturing who has worked in Samsung and currently investigating TSMC in the US, He maintains that SMIC It is about to start the production of 5 Nm chips. It is perfectly credible because, as we have just seen, we know with certainty that this company has been Working in this technology. And, in addition, Dr. Kim is a reliable source. However, this expert has pointed out something crucial that we should not overlook: the performance per wafer that SMIC has currently achieved in its 5 Nm nodes is less than 30%. When semiconductor manufacturers produce a chip wafer, some of those nuclei do not work properly. It is normal. And when they launch a new lithographic node their performance per wafer usually has a wide margin, but little by little, as engineers refine their integration processes, This parameter improves. A mature lithography can deliver to integrated circuit manufacturers a very high performance, but an incipient technology usually moves in the orbit of 50% performance, so only half of the chips produced work correctly. The 5 Nm chips that SMIC will manufacture for Huawei are possible thanks to a technology known as SAQP The problem is that for an integration technology to be profitable from an economic point of view, its performance by wafer has to be At least 70%. And, as we have just seen, Dr. Kim argues that the SMIC 5 NM node is below 30%. It is objectively a very poor performance, but we know what this low figure explains: the technique used by this manufacturer to produce these semiconductors. It is known as Multiple patterningand SMIC has used it for more than a year and a half to make 7 NM chips for Huawei and other customers. This strategy consists in transferring the pattern to the wafer in several passes with the purpose of increasing the resolution of the lithographic process. It works, but is responsible for wafer performance is clearly improvable. However, all probability Integrated 5 nm circuits that presumably SMIC will manufacture soon for Huawei are possible thanks to a technology known as SAQP (Self-alledhed Quadruple Patterning), which is nothing more than a Multiple patterning more aggressive and sophisticated than the one used to manufacture the soc Kirin 9000s of 7 nm and other chips. A report published by the Taiwanese media Economic Daily News ensures that SMIC will start the manufacture of 3 Nm semiconductors equipped with GAA transistors (Gate-alall-around) For Huawei in 2026. However, this is not all. This article also maintains that this last company has already completed laboratory tests that pursue the manufacture of integrated circuits using carbon nanotubes. Huawei’s plan presumably is to give this innovation to SMIC to adapt it to large -scale production. Image | SMIC More information | SCMP In Xataka | The US has declared the total war on Huawei: he does not want him to sell his chips for the most advanced outside of China

85,000 people jumping to the rhythm of Catholic slogans in cyber are just one more piece of the Hakuna Puzzle complex

The figure of Pope Francis Vartebra the origin and also the last milestone of Hakuna’s musical faction. It is at the origin of this Catholic youth movement founded in 2013 in Madrid by the priest José Pedro Manglano, in response to the mood of Pope Francis during the World Youth Day (WYD) of Rio de Janeiro. There the Pope encouraged young people to “make mess”, and Hakuna has taken it to the letter, riding a very notorious cyber this Saturday. Not only music. The growth of movement has been exponential. He was born as a group of related young people in part to Opus Dei, who met in San Josemaría de Aravaca, but soon began to attract other young people. He started as an association of faithful, many of them lay, who gathered privately, but soon began to extend, first in Spain, and since 2018, internationally: Hakuna is currently in more than twenty countries and more than 70 cities around the world. But above all, music. No one escapes that this is the nucleus of Hakuna’s appeal: music always was part of Hakuna’s initial meetings, which in 2015 take shape like a first album. It is the second, ‘My poor mad’, which gives them a greater impact. Since 2022, Hakuna Group Music has experienced exorbitant growth, reaching milestones such as its concerts in the Vistalegre Palace or Wizink Center (17,000 tickets and SOLD OUT In a few hours) and add millions of listeners in social networks and Spotify, where on more than one occasion they have come to be In the most listened to top. Many people. The group is, again, organized and directed by Manglano, and there are no visible heads or stars in it: there are some forty artists of which up to twenty can get to the stage simultaneously. There are no leaders or leaders and the songs are composed collectively, following the slogan “we live what we sing and sing what we live.” His carefree style and away from strict orthodoxy is what has become hits to songs like ‘Hurricane‘, popular even out of religious environments, and already with 11 million views On YouTube. The resurrection party. This is the name that received an act organized by the Catholic Association of Propagandists (ACDP), which would commemorate the resurrection of Jesus with which Holy Week concludes, but which also became improvised chosen the newly deceased Pope Francis. Hakuna sang his theme ‘Mercy ‘according to them one of the Pope’s favorites, and were accompanied by artists related to the Catholic faith such as Beret, DJ Octopus, always like this or Cali & El Dandee. The event, which is already for its third edition, congregated more than 85,000 people. Party and prayer. Related to that purpose of “making mess” proposed by the Pope and that appears very clear on the official Hakuna website, no doubt what congregates 85,000 people in cyber on a Saturday is that feeling Catholic is not at odds with the party. This is corroborated by the many immersion chronicles in the phenomenon they have carried out newspapers such as Independientewhere statements of faithful who follow Hakuna are collected even on trips in different countries, and where what the songs help to immerse themselves in the Catholic faith, the accessible and direct of the songs, and how that fits, in its own way, in its own way, with a beer after a concert of the group is underlined. The musical arm. The Hakuna phenomenon is so extraordinary that it has become examined in Papers Academic who inquire into their role as a secular organization and as a reinforcement of a collective identity. In this studyentitled ‘The Hakuna Movement: Organizational Structure and Strategies for the Re -Christianization of Youth in Spain’, the authors talk about how the spiritualization of the leisure in recent years (and Events like Soul Week) It has a lot to do with Hakuna’s success. The viralization of the music band has given context to the movement, creating concepts such as “revolutionary chosen” or “pringado”, which is what the same call themselves Hakuners and that are present at the ‘Qaos’ album of 2022. More pop gospel. Hakuna Group Music are not the only examples of this new wave of Catholic evangelizers through pop music. Much more common in Latin America, with singers such as Athenas or veteran Martín Valverde, groups such as The desert voicewith seven members of which three are priests. Luis Poveda He is also a priest and singer -songwriter, and Wheat 133 They are linked to the missionary NGO Jatari and youth evangelization. And there are many more, with names such as Ain Karem, Álvaro Fraile, Olivo outbreaks, Jesús Cabello, Luis Alfredo Díaz or Maite López. Header | ACDP In Xataka | The Catholic Church changed Europe’s psychology. Unintentionally, it caused an era of technological innovation

Presents GPT-4.1 along with two other language models to continue marking the AI ​​rhythm

The week begins with movement in the world of artificial intelligence (AI). OpenAi has presented A new family of language models: GPT-4.1, GPT-4.1 Mini and GPT-4.1 Nano. Three versions designed to meet different needs, from intensive workloads to simpler tasks, and specially designed to integrate them into applications. We are talking about three alternatives that, at least for now, will be available only through the OpenAi API. This implies that its use will be limited to the scope of development. We will have to wait to know if any of them will also reach Chatgpt, where we can currently choose between a variety of models through the selector. In development. Images | OpenAI + Photoshop In Xataka | The AI ​​industry is only sustainable violating Copyright laws. So you are trying to eradicate them

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