ESA has photographed the heart of our galaxy like never before. And he did it in a single day

The center of our Milky Way is something like a sunset at Santorini Castle. Everyone wants to photograph it. Well, in this case, all astronomers. The reason, basically, is that it has a large concentration of stars, so there is a lot of material to dig around and find possible exoplanets. Unfortunately, most of the photos that have been taken so far did not have the ideal resolution for this type of search. However, thanks to the Euclid Telescope, designed by ESA to study dark matter and dark energynow we have the largest and most detailed photo of this point of our galaxy that has ever been done. There is light beyond the darkness. Studying billions of distant galaxies allows Euclid to see how the Universe has expanded and, in the process, determine the possible presence of dark matter. But in this case it has not been used for that. The astronomers have taken advantage their ability to focus on large areas of sky sharply and have taken 9 photographs of regions larger than a full Moon. With all of them they have made a mosaic in which more than 60 million stars, as well as nebulae and star clusters, can be observed more clearly than ever. A catalog of microlenses. The goal of this photograph is to detect gravitational microlensing. These are formed when two stars align in front of an observer (the telescope) in such a way that the gravity of the nearest star bends the light of the one behind it, acting as a kind of magnifying glass. If the nearest star also has a planet orbiting around it, its own gravity also contributes to that process. Therefore, light bends in an asymmetrical way, which serves as an indicator for the search for exoplanets. Logically, to study this phenomenon, catalogs with many stars are needed. Nothing like one this precise. It takes time. It takes at least 20 days to detect such irregularities in the bent light. So a single glimpse of Euclid won’t do that. However, this very precise catalog will be used so that, when launched into space the Nancy Grace Roman telescopethis has a starting point from which to start working. By comparing the same area, not only can microlenses be detected, you can also see how they have varied over time. This makes it possible to detect exoplanets and, by seeing how fast they move, calculate their mass. Previous steps. Catalogs like this have already been made before, although much less precise. In fact, 300 exoplanets have been detected using the microlensing method. The problem is that ground-based telescopes have always been used; which, having the Earth’s atmosphere in the middle, take the images with less sharpness. For example, the telescopes at the Keck Observatory have been widely used. However, what Euclid has photographed in 26 hours would have taken these telescopes more than 2,000 hours of observation. However, Euclid will start from some of those previous steps. For example, thanks to data taken by the Keck observatory and the Hubble Space Telescope (this one is in space, but analyzes smaller areas of sky), it has been possible to calculate the mass of two already known icy exoplanets. The changes in the location of the stars have been seen and the calculations have been made. In summary. Euclid has made the most complete catalog of stars in the center of our galaxy in history. But in reality, their success is largely based on teamwork. A work that is already carried out with the Keck observatory and Hubble, but also with the telescopes that are to come. Especially the Nancy Grace Roman. Image | THAT In Xataka | Caltech has published the “strongest evidence yet” that an unknown planet exists in the solar system

The fascinating search for the oldest person ever photographed

Have you ever wondered who the oldest person ever photographed was? We don’t talk about the first photograph in history that the human being was capable of doing, which is also a very interesting topic, but the one in which the person born appears before any other who has ever been immortalized in a photo. It is not an easy task to give a clear and emphatic answer, since it is difficult to trace people born at the end of the 18th century, but there is a certain consensus around some names. Who knows, maybe in a few years we will discover a new photograph that will surprise us again as the ones we have in our hands have done. Be that as it may, the topic is as exciting as it seems. Conrad Heyer and John Adams According to the information offered by the Maine Historical Societythe oldest person ever photographed was Conrad Heyer. He was a veteran of the American War of Independence whose date of birth dates back to 1749. The following photo of Heyer is estimated to have been taken in 1852, four years before his death. Yes, here he was 103 years old. And yes, it is amazing to be able to see a photograph of someone born in the mid-18th century. The photo is simply impressive, both in terms of composition and because of Heyer’s firm and almost defiant gaze. It was made using the daguerreotypea photographic procedure that was made publicly known in Paris in 1839 and was subsequently used for years throughout the planet. Also in Spain, of course, where daguerreotypes were made from 1839 to 1860. But back to the topic at hand, was Conrad Heyer the oldest person ever photographed? This is what appears in the data offered by the Maine Historical Society, as we have seen, but on the other hand the Susquehanna County Historical Society has a copy of a photograph of a certain John Adams. A shoemaker by profession, he was born in Worcester a few years before Heyer, specifically on January 22, 1745: Conrad Heyer, born in the 18th century, very happy to pose for posterity, as can be seen. John Adams, also very excited. Once again it is a daguerreotype, although in this case it is not known for sure what year the photo was taken (the original has not been found). With the data we have, what we do know is that it had to be taken sometime between 1839 and 1849, the year in which Adams died at 104 years. Heyer and Adams enjoyed lives of more than a century. And from what we see in the photos, it can be said that they were not in bad condition at all. There are at least a couple of other people who could dispute Heyer and Adams for the honor of having been the oldest person ever photographed, although the documentation is somewhat confusing and they are not as clear-cut cases as the previous ones. The first of them is Baltus Stoneanother Revolutionary War veteran like Heyer. His date of birth could have been 1744 according to the manuscript that accompanied a daguerreotype from 1846, but in other documents It is implied that he could have been born in 1743, 1747 or 1754. Too much dancing around dates. On the other hand, the New York Historical Society He has in his possession a daguerreotype taken in 1851 of a slave named Caesar which, judging by the information that appears on the back of the frame, born in 1737 in Bethlehem (New York), and died in 1852. If this were true, not only would we have a clear winner, but Caesar would be 114 years old in the photo. Yes, looking at the image it is a little difficult to accept these data as good: Baltus Stone himself. The New York Historical Society itself confirmed to Benjamin S. Beck in a private conversation that Caesar’s date of birth could not be fully confirmed. The only public record that may shed some light on this is an August 7, 1850 entry in the Bethlehem population census listing a 110-year-old Cesar Nicholls (he was born as a slave to a Van Rensselaer Nicoll). Veterans of the Napoleonic Wars arrive In addition to the daguerreotypes of John Adams and Conrad Heyer, who could well be the two oldest people ever photographed, we cannot forget the collection of photos about veterans of the Napoleonic Wars property of Anne Seddon Kinsolving Brown. Although it is not known for sure how Ms. Brown obtained these photographs, their story is fascinating. After Napoleon’s death in 1821, veterans of the Grande Armée and the Guard who survived the Napoleonic Wars marched in uniform every May 5 to the Place Vendôme in Paris to pay their respects to the fallen emperor. The photographs in Mrs. Brown’s collection were taken around the year 1858, as the veterans shown in them were wearing the St. Helena medal awarded to them all in August 1857. They are the only remaining photos of these soldiers wearing their original uniforms and insignia. All of these veterans were around 70 or 80 years old at the time they were photographed. That is, all of them were born at the end of the 18th century and, therefore, they are part of the group of people born before 1800 who were photographed. Images | Brown University Library In Xataka | What happened to Technicolor: evolution and death of the company that changed cinema and was overwhelmed by its ambition In Xataka | The first photographic meme in history was extremely macabre: posing as decapitated corpses

The James Webb has just photographed one of the great mysteries of the universe’s galaxies: how they intertwine

How many galaxies fit in an image? In the instruments of the James Webb space telescope (JWST), at least, many: hundreds. And even thousands. From close to the distant. The image taken by the JWST (with the help of the veteran hubble) and published by the European Space Agency (ESA) It shows us objects in a wide range of distances: from stars located within our own galaxy (easy to distinguish thanks to The characteristics six points of diffraction of this telescope) to distant galaxies in space and in time. The “star” of the image. However, according to Explain the agency itselfthe main protagonist of this capture is none other than a cluster of galaxies that we can see below the center of the image, a distant group of galaxies that shines in a mixture tone of white and gold. This group emerged about 6.5 billion years after the Big Bang, when the universe as and as we know it was somewhat less than the age it is now. The importance of this group lies in the fact that more than half of the galaxies we know can be found in similar groups, so studying it can help us understand more about how these groups that make up the greatest structures linked through the force of gravity are formed, says ESA. Cosmos-Web. The outstanding group is the largest galactic cluster in the region called Cosmos-Web Field. COSMOS (Cosmic Evolution Survey) It is a survey that uses telescopes such as webb, hubble or the XMM-Newton Space Observatory of ESA to explore the spaces and space phenomena that occurred in that celestial region. He Cosmos-Web program It seeks to take advantage of the high abilities of the JWST and instruments such as the Nircam filters on board to explore and map an area of ​​0.54 square degrees of the celestial vault, a little more than twice and a half times the area that occupies the full moon in our sky. This power of the instruments of the orbital telescope should allow us to understand how galactic clusters formed, taking us at a time when the universe was only 1.9 billion years old, 14% of their current age. This is intended to meet three objectives: identify galaxies at the time of reion (when the first stars were “caught”; probe the formation of the most massive galaxies; and understand the relationship between the mass of the stars in a galaxy and The galactic halo that “wraps.” “Galaxies feast ”. In its publication, ESA has given some additional details about the image we see. They explain, this combines nircam images (Near-Infrared Camera) with Hubble observations to present ourselves “a visual feast of galaxies.” In capture They can be seen galaxies of different types and even pairs of galaxies in the process of merging. The European Agency He also explains The interpretation of the colors of the galaxies: the galaxies that tend to the bluish tones are those in which young stars predominate, while the most old are older; either because of the color of the stars inside, either because they are further in space and therefore in time. The latter is the effect of the phenomenon called Redshift or red shift. Galactic evolution. Images like this have to tell us about the evolution of the universe and, above all, of galaxies like ours. The gravitational interaction between galaxies (more or less) close affects what happens within the same galaxies, such is the mass that these groups accumulate. And not only that: collisions and mergers between galaxies in the same group also condition what happens in these. An example can find it when the nearby step of two galaxies of different size allows a huge clouds of matter “start”, or it can Cause a “burst” that quickly consumes the gas of this. In Xataka | The James Webb has found a galaxy when the universe was 330 million years old. Hide an entire enigma Image | Es es/Webb, Nasa & Csa, G. Gozaliasl, A. Koekemoer, M. Franco, and The Cosmos-Web Team

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