intact

Archaeologists opened a 2,600-year-old Etruscan tomb and found something surprising: four intact corpses

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Imagine moving a huge slab of stone and discovering that time stopped behind it 2,600 years ago: an intact Etruscan burial chamber, just as they left it when they sealed it. The scene seems straight out of an Indiana Jones movie, but no: it happened in Lazio, about 70 kilometers northwest of Rome and behind is the archeology team It was that of the San Giuliano Archaeological Research Project, Baylor University in Texas and the Italian authorities. The discovery. The tomb is located in the necropolis of San Giuliano in the Marturanum park and what is truly striking is not that it is Etruscan, but that it is the only one in the area that has not been looted. In a region historically plagued by looters, finding a virgin funerary context is simply a statistical anomaly. The unboxing of the grave goods. In the tomb were the remains of four individuals arranged in carved stone funerary beds and their preliminary analysis suggests that the buried people could be two couples. In addition, there is an entire funerary inventory that, due to its richness and variety, suggests individuals of high social status, although anthropological and isotopic analyzes have not yet confirmed their rank. Thus, more than 100 funerary objects appeared almost intact, with an exceptional state of conservation: 74 ceramic vessels, iron weapons, bronze objects, silver hair reels or a bronze fibula still with remains of tissue attached. Of all these pieces, the discovery of a vase located at the entrance to the tombwhich was possibly part of the funerary rite prior to sealing. Why is it important. Beyond the state of conservation, Dr. Bárbara Barbaro, director of archeology at the Soprintendenza, synthesized in a statement: “it gives us a complete vision of life through the prism of the funerary ritual”, something practically impossible from a looted tomb. A kind of time capsule through which to learn about the life, death and funeral rituals of the time. Thus, based on the skeletons, the scientific team can analyze through DNA tests the link between individuals, the remains of tissues and objects help to understand habits and fashions of the time and, in addition, San Giuliano is a clear example of how the Etruscans transformed a rocky landscape into monumental architecture. Context. It is a sealed cave chamber tomb dated to the end of the 7th century BC, in the final phase of the Orientalizing periodone of the most flourishing phases of the Etruscan civilization. Since 2016, the research team has documented There were more than 600 Etruscan tombs in the area, but all the previous ones had been looted. In fact, the rest was plundered since the Roman occupation in the 3rd century BC. On an architectural level, these tombs have been carved directly into the rockin the shape of a small house with a gable roof, a characteristic design of Etruscan funerary architecture. Pending subjects. The field investigation has already concluded, but remains pending the essential to understand everything: the study and analysis of archaeological data. Thus, the genetic and isotopic analyzes of the bone remains will be decisive in knowing the origin, diet and family ties between the buried people. The trousseau found could also shed light on the patterns of production and circulation of objects in Etruria at the time, as well as on the fine chronology of funerary habits and customs. In Xataka | Solving the mysterious origin of the Etruscans: what we know about the people with the most unknowns in Europe In Xataka | A cargo sunk in a Swiss lake 2,000 years ago confirms it: the Roman legions did not deprive themselves of anything Cover | Tomba dei Rilievi, Alessandro Antonelli

an intact Celtic city 2,000 years old

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It seemed like the perfect location to build a highway. One of those in which the citizens of the Czech Republic want drive at 150 km/h. But when the bulldozers arrived, the workers realized something: someone was already there. Specifically, some citizens who had built their houses and businesses there 2,000 years before. What has happened? He East Bohemian Museum next to the University of Hradec Kralovehave found a 2,000-year-old city where a highway was planned. This has been confirmed by the museum itself, which in a statement also explains that the settlement was especially rich, taking into account the enormous amount of jewels and coins found. The road is the D35 highwaywhich is under construction in the east of the country. When completed, the road will add two milestones to the history of Czech infrastructure. The highway will be the second longest in the country and will contain the longest tunnel in the Czech Republic. The intention is to provide relief to the current D1 highway, which is currently saturated with cars and trucks. They were already there. 2,000 years ago, specifically. In the preliminary phase of excavating the land through which the road was to pass, archaeologists have found a “unique site in Bohemia”, according to the museum itself. This is a key city in the area. It is believed that its commercial and economic impact reached other nearby regions since it was located in the famous Amber Route. According to their calculations, the city would extend 25 hectares and they believe that its maximum splendor was reached in the 2nd century BC. Data that they have been able to extract from the enormous amount of metal objects such as coins, ceramics and remains of homes that have been found in the excavation. What was the city like? According to experts, such as those consulted by Live Sciencethe city developed in the La Tène era, that is, the final phase of the Iron Age. It must have been one of the most important cities in the area since productive structures and evidence that luxury ceramics were manufactured there have also been found at the site. Experts say that the city had to be a place of passage on long-distance journeys, which is why it was very important for all the settlements in the Middle Danube region and southern Germany. Two structures have also been found that could be one or two sanctuaries. Intact. One of the good news, they assure from the museumis that archaeologists have highlighted the good condition of the findings found. In fact, they point out that these have not been victims of illegal irrigation or those who search for treasures with metal detectors. This has made it possible to find a first layer with an unusually high density of objects. This has allowed the recovery of 22,000 bags with all types of finds, which places it as one of the most important excavations in the area. And now? Now in the Czech Republic they will have to look for an alternative to the road. The city found is located within the Litomyšl–Janov section, a particularly delicate section due to the number of urban agglomerations in the area. In fact, state entities point out that it has been difficult to reach an agreement with nearby cities. Finally, the section will have numerous bridges and a ring road has been designed next to the city of Litomyšl with the aim of reducing the traffic that currently circulates through this city. If there are no new surprises, the highway should be completed in 2029. Photo | Ministry of Transport of the Czech Republic and East Bohemian Museum In Xataka | Until 2020, Spain had the most praised roads in Europe. Now it has something else: a hole of 13,000 million euros

The US continues to hit targets in Iran, but the Islamic republic keeps another weapon practically intact: its cyber attacks

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In recent days, tension between the United States and Iran has escalated with direct military actions. Washington has resorted to Tomahawk cruise missiles launched from warships and fighters F-35 to attack Iranian strategic infrastructure. At the moment, there is no evidence that Tehran has managed to respond with military attacks on US territory. Its response, however, has been felt on another front: the attacks against energy facilities in the Gulf, like those of Ras Laffan, in Qatar. In parallel, the conflict is also being fought in a less visible terrain, cyberspace. The information war. The photograph of the conflict begins to be completed when we look beyond the military level. Analysts cited by The Register They argue that Iran is turning more intensively to cyberspace to pressure the United States, an area in which it can operate with less direct exposure. In this context, the attack against Stryker is not interpreted as an isolated episode, but as an indication of a trend. “This is just the beginning,” said retired Gen. Ross Coffman. A case already visible. The most recent example of this dynamic is offered by Stryker, a medical device manufacturer with a global presence. According to Reutersa cyberattack last week altered its internal operations and made it difficult to manage personalized inventory. The company confirmed that it had contained the incident, although the episode shows how this type of action can impact especially sensitive sectors, beyond the strictly technological field. Beyond a specific interruption. Bloomberg notes that the impact on Stryker’s operations had an indirect impact on hospitals and patients, with surgeries that had to be rescheduled due to problems in the supply of specific material. This is a clear example of how the border between digital and physical can quickly blur. The American Stryker specializes in surgical equipment, orthopedic implants and neurotechnology solutions Civilian targets. Along the same lines as the analysts pointed out, the focus is not limited to public organizations. The aforementioned media reports that several voices agree that companies may be more exposed than government agencies, in part due to their unequal defenses. Targeting this type of offensive seeks to generate economic pressure and disruption without the need for a direct confrontation, they explain. A historical case. A clear example is Stuxneta malware discovered in 2010 that managed to infiltrate the Natanz nuclear plant and manipulate its systems until it caused failures in about a thousand centrifuges. The code was designed specifically for that environment, acting stealthily for weeks while altering processes without being detected. Its authorship has never been officially confirmed, although it has been widely attributed to the United States and Israel. When the damage is physical. The Stuxnet case helps to understand a key idea in this type of conflict. As we tell in a video from Xataka Presentahe malware He did not limit himself to infiltrating computer systems, but took control of the industrial controllers that regulated the centrifuges and altered their operation. First accelerating them and then slowing them down, he caused progressive wear until they became unusable. A front that already leaves its mark. The scenario that is drawn is clear. While there is no evidence of a direct Iranian military attack inside the United States, the conflict is already having effects inside the United States through other means. The Stryker case shows how an intrusion can translate into real disruptions in sensitive sectors, with an impact on companies and patients. Images | DC Studio | Stryker In Xataka | Russia is not sending troops or weapons to Iran: it is sending something much more important to take down the US

keep your prices intact for more than 20 years

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There are two almost unquestionable realities: that almost everything is made in China and that everything has gone up in price (except the televisions). However, these two maxims go hand in hand with the mundane lighter, the one we use to light birthday candles, the barbecue or even a cigarette… to who still smokes today. Because the bulk of global lighter production is no longer manufactured in China, it is concentrated in a single city. And that city has achieved something very difficult: maintain the price of a lighter in one yuan (about 12 euro cents at the exchange rate) for more than two decades. The resistance. Large brands such as BIC, Clipper or Zippo have localized and more or less dispersed production: the French BIC has in France its main plant for Europe, in the United States for the North American market, for South America has plants in Brazil and its large plant in Mexico; the catalan Clipper manufactures in Spain, China and India and Zippo boasts of being “Made in USA” while almost all of its production is in Bradford, Pennsylvania. It doesn’t matter, they are an absolute minority. Where Christ lost the lighter. 70% of world production is in Shaodonga city in Hunan province (China). Which started at the end of the 20th century as a wandering industry in search of low costs came to stay in Shaodong, turning it into a highly specialized technology giant that exports to more than 120 countries. According to XinhuaShaodong produces more than 100 billion lighters a year, with data from 2023. The People’s newspaper details (the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China) that in 2022 Shaodong supplied 3.52 billion lighters to the entire world. With this enormous production volume they have managed to keep the manufacturing price almost stagnant for more than 20 years thanks to automation. Why most come from China. The short answer is economies of scale. A lighter essentially requires metal parts, plastic, pressurized gas and an ignition mechanism, more than 30 parts and various techniques such as flame control and ignition intensity. For a few cents it is only profitable if you produce millions a day in a concentrated industrial ecosystem made up of by 87 companies where you have everything you need nearby. Yang Zhiyong, design engineer of the largest local lighter producer in Shaodong synthesize How has the evolution been: “Before, 1,000 workers were needed to produce a million lighters manually, now with automation the same production is achieved with just a few people. (…) Thanks to automation and technical improvements, we have managed to reduce costs to a minimum.” Specifically, from 0.1 yuan to 0.015 yuan. And yes, he acknowledges that his iconic one-yuan lighters are still lucrative. One lighter, one yuan. Lighters are small and technically simple gadgets (although everything has its secret and its room for improvement and innovation), but there is a trick to the fact that the retail price of disposable lighters has remained unchanged despite the competition and the increase in prices of materials and labor: industrial innovation and economy of scale. In 2002 was founded Shaodong Lighters Association to unify the industry, encourage innovation and standardized pricing in a collaborative, win-win approach. Because lighters are small, but their market is big. There is room to surprise and innovate. To stay at the forefront of the industry, the municipal administration has created an institute for smart manufacturing technologies and local companies are exploring new markets, especially in developing countries. Likewise, there are companies that strive to give a twist to the design of the lighter, providing a functional and cultural touch. In fact, Yang explains “These culturally influenced designs have found a receptive market in Europe and Asia,” Yang said. They have a plan B. Rising raw material costs, global competition and stricter environmental regulations may sooner or later lead the industry to migrate to other cheaper regions such as Southeast Asia. In this case, Shaodong aspires to sell knowledge: product development, training and after-sales services. In Xataka | The rare earth capital of the world is making gold thanks to them. And it is also being poisoned In Xataka | China was the great polluter of the planet: now it is emerging as the first “electrostate” in history Cover | Julius Drost

a bizarre vote in Congress leaves the closure intact

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What started as a political maneuver by the Popular Party to open the door to prolonging the life of Spanish nuclear power plants ended up becoming one of the tightest and most surprising votes of the legislature. The amendment that sought to suppress the closing dates of Almaraz, Ascó and Cofrentes was rejected by a single vote, a minimal difference that was only possible thanks to the – unexpected – abstention of Junts. The result was 171 votes in favor – PP, Vox and UPN -, 171 against and seven abstentions from Junts, who shot down the proposal. The Government breathed a sigh of relief, although the underlying debate—what to do with nuclear energy at the height of electricity demand—remains more open than ever. Congress stops the PP nuclear amendment. The amendment introduced by the PP in the Sustainable Mobility Law It intended to eliminate from the ministerial orders the dates for the definitive cessation of operation of the Almaraz, Ascó and Cofrentes plants. With this, the popular parties sought to open the door to possible extensions, especially at a time when the owners of Almaraz They have already formally requested extend its useful life until 2030. According to El PaísJunts left the vote in suspense until the last moment, leaving it unclear whether they would vote with the PP and Vox or support the Government. His abstention finally tipped the balance. The movement was even surprising due to the political context: it came just 24 hours after a tough confrontation between Míriam Nogueras and Pedro Sánchez, in which the Junts spokesperson accused the president of being “cynical and hypocritical.” However, in the vote the strategy was different because Catalonia consumes more electricity from nuclear origin than any other community. What does this rejection really mean? Although politically the vote had a huge impact, technically things remain more or less the same. The amendment would not have automatically extended the life of the plants, but it would have modified ministerial orders without requiring the report of the Nuclear Safety Council (CSN), a mandatory requirement by law. Besides, They remembered a precedent: In 2012, the PP itself demanded this report when it reopened the discussion on the Garoña plant. The tension was amplified because the debate had no direct relationship with the Mobility Law, a regulation linked to the receipt of 10,000 million euros of European funds, as various media emphasize. The PP amendment thus introduced an energy element in a text on sustainable mobility, which increased unrest among the Government’s partners. So, is the nuclear shutdown schedule still valid? Yes. With the fall of the amendment, the calendar agreed in 2019 between the Government, Enresa and the electricity companies remains intact. The calendar, as we have already explainedit looks like this: Almaraz I: closure in 2027 Almaraz II: 2028 Chests: 2030 Ascó I and II: between 2030 and 2032 Vandellós II and Trillo: until 2035 However, the fact that the calendar is still standing does not mean that an extension is ruled out. Contrary to what it may seem, the rejection of the amendment does not prevent companies from requesting an extension nor does it block the Government from authorizing it. As the Executive himself recalled —as cited by El País—: “The right to request an extension is not created by a ministerial order, but by current regulations.” In fact, as mentioned above, Iberdrola, Endesa and Naturgy have already formally requested that Almaraz remains operational until 2030. Administrative clash. The real problem is technical and bureaucratic. According to The Independentthe bureaucratic procedure has been crossed unexpectedly: the CSN can take up to a year to issue its report, but the regulations force the plant to request closure in March 2026, if the calendar is not reviewed before. That means Almaraz could be asking to close while the CSN evaluates whether it can continue operating. A scenario that no one thought of in 2019 and that adds more uncertainty to the nuclear transition. Everything that nuclear encompasses. Added to this is the Government’s position. The Minister for the Ecological Transition, Sara Aagesen, has reiterated on several occasions the three red lines of the Executive, that the expansion does not entail costs for citizens, guarantee of nuclear safety and security of supply. However, these three conditions clash precisely with the diagnosis that they make the electric ones: operating the plants beyond 2027 with the current tax burden is economically unviable if the market does not exceed €65-70/MWh. The expected prices are around 55, so Iberdrola and Endesa insist that keeping the nuclear park open requires alleviating taxes that, according to the Ministry, would end up having an impact on consumers’ bills. The economic debate does not end there. Enresa’s fund for the dismantling of the plants only covers 43% of the real cost. According to figures that we have had access to in Xatakathere is a hole of 11.6 billion euros not yet financed, a fact that overrides any discussion about deadlines and extensions Can Spain do without nuclear power? The underlying issue is no longer political, but technical. Spain wants to build a 100% renewable system, but it has yet to be demonstrated that the network can sustain that model without the stability that nuclear energy provides. The new digital systems that must replace inertia of the reactors are still in the testing phase, and the CNMC has detected inconsistencies in the frequency and voltage control procedures. In parallel, regions with strong industrial and digital growth—such as Aragon, which is experiencing a data center boom—warn that the network is practically at the limit. Simply put: companies ask for time; The territories ask for certainties; The Government asks for guarantees. An official closure, but an open debate. Congress has closed the door to the PP’s fast track, but it has not closed the nuclear debate. On paper, the calendar remains intact; In practice, the transition coexists with technical tensions, industrial interests and territories that fear what will come next. The question … Read more

Despite the rumors, Justin and Hailey Bieber show that their love is still intact

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justin bieber and Hailey are showing that their love is stronger than ever and are dispelling all rumors about an alleged divorce. Recently, The ‘Baby’ singer said on social media that his wife is the best woman he has ever met.either. A source close to the couple even told PEOPLE that the Biebers, who recently welcomed their son Jack Blues Bieber, They are more connected than ever. “They are fine. They have a great family lifebut they also enjoy and encourage each other to pursue their passions,” the source said. According to the information, Hailey, 28, is delighted with Justin, 30,’s renewed interest in music. “He loves his creative and artistic side. He continues to create with friends, and it fills her to see him inspired”commented the source. Although their relationship has been the subject of constant speculation, the same source regretted that there are “almost permanent rumors of separation.” “Anyone who spends time with them can tell how in love they are and how they are completely focused on their marriage.. They are both very mature and deeply committed. “Their marriage is truly special.” A few days ago, Justin denied rumors about having stopped following Hailey on Instagram, assuring that someone had entered your account without permission. Meanwhile, Hailey reaffirmed her love by sharing uA photo posing with a bag that said “Mrs. Bieber” and showing off her shiny engagement ring. The couple too He recently celebrated his sixth wedding anniversary with a “quiet celebration.”as revealed by another source to the same media. Since getting married in 2018, Justin and Hailey have proven to be a solid team, and The arrival of their son has only strengthened their union. The new parents In August, Justin announced the birth of his first child with a sweet post on Instagram: “WELCOME HOME JACK BLUES BIEBER”. The photo showed the baby’s tiny foot held by Hailey’s fingers, a moment that moved millions of followers. Since then, the couple has chosen to keep a low profile to adjust to their new life as parents. “They are very excited, but becoming parents and having a newborn has been a big change for them.” a source shared in November. Continue reading: –Justin Bieber reveals why he stopped following Hailey on Instagram–Justin Bieber shares photos that show him recording songs–(PHOTOS) This is how Justin Bieber and Hailey enjoy their vacation in Aspen

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