discovered

We have discovered (again) the secret of Roman concrete. Is less impressive than it seems

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It does not fail. It seems mathematical. From time to time, the world rediscovers the Roman concrete and hallucin with the durability of a material that allows the Pantheon of Agrippa to have 2,000 years standing (while modern concrete cracks within a few decades). Incidentally, almost with the same regularity, there is some scientist or engineer who claims to have found the key secret that this is. The last occasion He has touched the Massachusetts Technological Institute And, as usual, the story is not exactly what it seems. What does the study say? MIT researchers They have studied Small pieces of lime that are usually found in Roman concrete: the ‘calcium oxide’ clasts. These types of structures have been studied a lot in romas infrastructure located in maritime contexts and, for years, has been related to some “self -regime” capacity of the material. Understanding what it means. According to some scientiststhe water that would enter through the concrete cracks would drag the calcium ions of the Classos in a process that would end up calcitating and sealing the cracks. The work of the MIT of recent days, also studies those clasts in the terrestrial concrete and theorizes that they are the result of the Romans added living lime to the mixture of the concrete (instead of the dull lime – calcium hydroxide – key of the Puzolenic reactions). Beyond that, researchers They made several mixtures With living lime and verified that, according to their theory, in these new mixtures lime clasts were generated (and was calcited that repaired the cracks). As Brian Potter saysthe discovery is interesting at the historical level. But, despite the attempts to sell it as something revolutionary, it is potentially useless. Useless? Yes, useless. When talking about Roman concrete, a lot of mistakes are usually made, but there are two recurring: the first, As Manuel F. Herrador always reminds usStructural concrete professor at the University School of the University of Coruña, is “the survivor’s bias.” The idea of ​​the extraordinary quality of Roman concrete comes from studying, precisely, the best structures they did, which have best been preserved. On the other hand, most of what the Romans built has already disappeared completely and cannot be studied. The second error. We are comparing ‘churras with merinas’ at a functional level. For being clear, with the Roman concrete we could not make a tenth of the things we do with modern concrete. The clearest example is reinforced concrete (that is, the mixture of concrete with reinforcement steel). These materials allow us to solve many of the structural problems presented , We have to pay a cost. The most obvious: the structures run before. We make the concrete we want to do. This is perhaps the most important to consider when we talk about Roman concrete: we do not “concrete to the Roman” because we do not want; Because it is not worth what we want to get. The same potter It puts examples (the Hindu temples and Buddhists built to “last more than 1000 years”) that show that current science and technology allow authentic virguerías. The question is if we want to do them in a world that changes so quickly and not, no matter how much we like the Romans, we do not want. Luckily: that allows us to go much further. In Xataka | Glass is a more everyday material but its physics does not. We are not even clear if it is really a solid In Xataka | Cheaper, durable and ecological: a new material with the help of ruthenium wants to change the rules of green hydrogen Image | Renzo Vanden Bussche *An earlier version of this article was published in January 2023

The new hope against Alzheimer’s is a simple protein. We have discovered it thanks to a tiny worm

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Many of the processes that happen in our body depend on proteins. All if we take into account the processes that do it indirectly. Sometimes proteins fail. Then, the function of cleaning these “defective” proteins falls, yes, on other proteins. MANF. A new study He has revealed The importance of MANF protein (Mesencephalic Astrocyte-Derned Neurotrophic Factor) For our aging or, to be more precise, when avoiding some of the problems that arise at the cellular level and that we usually associate with age. Doing cleaning. In principle, that a cell badly codifies a protein does not have to generate major problems in our body. Cell homeostasis, the process that discards proteins after use, is a cellular “maintenance” process that deals with this type of problem. However, with age our cells lose efficacy when keeping the house in order. “Defective” proteins can end up accumulating and generating protein clots. This is What we believe occurs with diseases such as Parkinson or Alzheimer’s. When the cell detects these problems, it can stop synthesizing new proteins until the problem is solved. If it does not, the cell dies. Cleaning work. The new study has observed that MANF protein It plays an important role in this cleaning process inside the cell. His work consists in breaking protein clusters to facilitate the expulsion of these and thus maintaining our healthy cells. The team observed that this protein also served to “activate” the intracellular cleaning system. C. Elegans. In his work, the team turned to a unique worm, the Caenorhabditis Elegansa usual microscopic size nematode in laboratories around the world. The team altered the genetics of these worms to increase the presence of the MANF protein in their cells. The worms C. Elegans They are transparent, which facilitates the work of researchers when visualizing the changes that induce their genes. The team managed to see the effects of MANF on cells and tissues. Protein, They pointwas present in the lysosomas (some cell organelles linked to longevity and protein aggregation). In this way they could appreciate how the protein broke cell clusters and activated the cleaning system. The details of the experiment were published In an article In the magazine Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Beyond worms. What is true for the biology of a small worm does not have to be in that of humans, but the team points out that this would be a universal process, at least in animal cells since Manf is a common protein to all species of this kingdom. The fight against Alzheimer’s. The big issue is now how to transform this new knowledge into therapies to fight some of the diseases that we associate with aging, such as Alzheimer’s, or against aging itself. Alzheimer is an important since the dominant hypothesis to explain this disease part precisely of the appearance of intracellular clusters such as those that fight the Manf protein. As explained by those responsible for the new study, transforming this protein into a treatment will require better understanding its role in our body and other possible interactions between it and cellular functions beyond cell homeostasis. In Xataka | We have been listening to the benefits of Omega-3 for years. Now we know that it also rejuvenates us Image | McMaster University

Communicating with our cats has always been a complex task. A study has discovered the key: flashing

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The Human-Perro communicationand vice versa, it’s really simple. After thousands of years of domestication and coexistence, dogs and humans understand each other almost effortlessly. In fact, they have even Evolved your facial muscles and eyesTo be more expressive and communicate better with us. With cats, the thing changes. We continue unraveling cat domestication And, although they are fully integrated into our homes, it is evident that there are still some Understanding problems. If you have a cat, you will know ‘talk’ with him and read his intentions, but that penetrating look is sometimes a mystery. And that is when we blink slowly. And the cat imitates us. And the magic is done. The reason is that it is the equivalent of the human smile, at least that indicated in a study. The cat smile In 2020, a study called ‘The role of blinking of cats in communication between cats and humans’ explored how this usual gesture in felines is an interspecies communication method. If you have a cat, you will know what we are talking about: that moment in which the cat stares at you and, suddenly, flashes very slowly, as almost falling asleep to, then, to open your eyes fully. He is not sleeping (well, sometimes yes), but trying to communicate with you. Karen McComb is a psychologist at Sussex University and commented that “it is something that many cat owners already They suspectedso it is exciting to have found evidence of it. ” To have that evidence, the team of psychologists did two experiments. The first experiment included 21 cats (11 females and 10 males, aged between four months to 16 years) of 14 different homes. Its owners – 14 humans participated and the instruction was clear: when the cat had eaten in their family environment, the owners had to sit a meter away and slowly blink when the cat stared at them. In the second, another 24 cats of eight different homes were included and there were two differences. The first and most obvious is that the owners were not on this occasion those who performed the flicker: it was the researchers. In addition, after blinking, they extended their hand towards the cats. The tests were recorded, analyzed and the researchers They concluded that cats slowly blin into the initial flickering of humans and, in the case of flickers by the researchers, after the same, they used to approach them to interact with their hand. If they did not blink first, they were less likely to approach in a friendly way. In addition, in the analysis of the recordings, they realized that the cats did not blink in the same way when they were alone or between them and when they were with a human who has slowly blink first. McComb’s conclusion is that it is something we can try with our cats at home, since “it is a great way to improve the link you have with it.” But … why? Three reasons are considered. The first is pure and hard survival: a fixed look is a symptom that it is alert. The cat can also consider that you are, or you can be a threat, if you stare at it, without blinking or flickering quickly, so a slow blink interprets it as you are relaxed and, at the same time, he also lowers his guard. It’s like a friendly smile. On the other hand, the researchers considered that it could be a form of imitation. It is not a secret that cats often imitate their owners and have actions that we consider funny, but that it is simply an attempt to copy human movements and actions. There are always doubts when it comes to animals such as cats and, above all, domesticatedbecause it is always possible that cats have developed that expression because humans respond emotionally when they do. The third reason is that it may have been a technique that cats themselves have perfected to cut an intense, penetrating and potentially threatening look. If they blink slowly and returned the gesture, they interrupted an awkward situation. Whatever, the researchers affirm that, whether it works as if not, it is interesting game hours or petting. And, evidently, it also has practical implications. If we know that cats feel more comfortable in environments in which they feel that the human is not a threat, it is easier to work with them in shelters or veterinary centers. Although, of course, this depends a lot on the character of each feline. As a contribution: I’ve been trying with my three cats for years. None have even paid me. Of course, as soon as I open a little latically, they magically communicate perfectly Images | Nature, Sabri Tuzcu In Xataka | Cats are not as apathetic as we thought. This is what demonstrates its wide repertoire of facial expressions

The Euclid telescope has discovered a ring in space-time

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He Euclid Telescope of the European Space Agency He has discovered his first Einstein ring. Not only is it one of the most impressive examples of gravitational lenses predicted by Albert Einstein, but a window through which astronomers can study more precisely the distribution of dark matter in distant galaxies. A unique gravitational lens. The NGC 6505 galaxy is located about 590 million light years from Earth. Although in cosmic terms this distance is relatively short, the ring -shaped light that surrounds the galaxy that is 4.4 billion light years. The perfect alignment between the NGC 6505 galaxy and the background light source formed a complete Einstein ring, a type of gravitational lens so rare that ESA does not expect the Euclid space telescope find more than 20 throughout your useful life. This first could be baptized as Altieri’s ring in tribute to the researcher who has discovered it: Bruno Altieri. What is an Einstein ring. Albert Einstein predicted with his Theory of general relativity of 1915 Something that even today, 110 years later, it is hard for us to understand: gravity can curve the space-time, causing the light to go through very massive objects. When a galaxy aligns almost perfectly between us and another galaxy that is more at the bottom, the light of the distant galaxy is curved so symmetrically that, instead of seeing a unique image, we observe a light circle. This phenomenon, formally known as strong gravitational lens, is what is called an Einstein ring. A powerful tool. Thanks to Einstein’s ring, scientists can “weigh” the NGC 6505 galaxy and study how its mass is distributed, including the portion of dark matter that would otherwise be invisible. Modeling how light folds, astronomers have discovered that in the center of this galaxy, dark matter represents approximately 11% of the total mass. It is interesting because, although dark matter constitutes about 85% of the total matter of the universe, in the central regions of the galaxies, the influence of visible matter (the stars) is much greater. A map of the universe. The Euclid space telescope is not limited to looking for gravitational lenses. Launched by ESA in July 2023, has the mission of Create the most precise 3D map of the universe Never done. It is expected to end up covering 14,000 square degrees of the sky and contains more than 100,000 gravitational lenses, which will help to better understand the Visible and dark matter distribution Throughout cosmic history. Image | ESA/EUCLID/EUCLID CONSORTIUM/NASA In Xataka | The new telescopes are taking us to places that we did not even imagine: comets orbiting other stars

An Australian company has discovered “very encouraging” lithium and rubidium amounts in Salamanca. The potential is huge

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West of the province of Salamanca, near the border of Spain with Portugal, a finding that the Berkeley Australian company He has cataloged “very encouraging”. Significant amounts of lithium, essential for the manufacture of batteries, and rubidium, a scarce and strategic metal. The news. The Berkeley Energy mining group has found important concentrations of lithium and rubidium in a site in the province of Salamanca. These explorations are part of the Conchas project, which covers an area of ​​31 kilometers covered by sediments of the Cenozoic in the Ciudad Rodrigo region. The announcement, cataloged as “very encouraging” by the company, has fired its price 21% In the Australian bag. Why it is important. Lithium is the gold of the 21st century: an essential metal for the manufacture of batteries that has gone from feeding our electronic devices to boost electric vehicles and energy storage from renewable sources, so its demand is still increasing. But rubidium, in particular, is a metal of enormous strategic value. Because it is scarce and the time critical for sectors such as defense, medicine, telecommunications, Quantum computing and renewable energies. It is in atomic watches (GPS, missile guidance), photoelectric cells (night vision systems, Perosvkita solar panels), tomographies, ionic propulsion, data transmission … and its production is dominated by China. Now what. Berkeley has identified thick and shallow areas of lithium and rubidium, which facilitates its possible extraction, but not everything is said. The company will expand the polls and test the samples extracted to evaluate its metallurgical potential, a key step when determining the economic viability of the project. The results of these tests are expected to know this same quarter to define the following steps. It is not the only project. The Essential Metals Limited Australian company (Australia is one of the leading countries in lithium extraction) found high grade lithium to Villasrubias, a town in Salamanca that historically dedicated itself to tin extraction. “Perhaps it is the region, not only of Spain, but of Europe, which has the greatest number of critical raw materials identified, and that are listed by the European Union, due to their economic importance for the development of green energy and for the risk of dependence on third countries “, A project spokesman said. The environmental impact. Known for claiming one billion dollars in damages to the Spanish government after this prohibit the research and use of uraniumBerkeley has the support of the markets in the face of the discovery of lithium and rubidium, but will have to detail the environmental impact of its extraction if the project will continue. The extraction of lithium, in addition to altering the landscape, requires large amounts of water and can release heavy metals and acids in the soil. It would not be the first time that a project is filed for the risk for neighboring peoples, as has happened Until twice in Ávila Duela denunciation of environmental associations. Image | Bybyk (CC BY-CC 4.0), DNN87 (CC BY 3.0) In Xataka | In Salamanca there is a high -tech nuclear fuel bars factory that exports to all of Europe: we have visited it

We have just discovered one of the best kept secrets of the Mediterranean diet: its compounds

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There is little we can say that we have not already been told about the virtues of the Mediterranean diet. However, some scientists still persist in studying this diet and its components, with questions about what makes this diet more beneficial or what we can learn from it. A recent study led by researchers from the Autonomous University of Barcelona tries to answer this second question. Very present compounds. To do this, the team performed an analysis focused on a selection of key compounds that we can find in plants such as garlic, saffron, olive or rosemary, among others. These are plants closely related to the Mediterranean diet since they provide some of the most used ingredients and condiments in it. The team responsible for the study points out that some of these active components are “promising” when considering treatments for diseases such as atherosclerosis. They also indicate that they could help reduce the risk of problems such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Plants and Mediterranean diet. The Mediterranean diet is closely linked to a series of ingredients and condiments, many of them extracted from plants that we can find in the regions adjacent to the sea that bathes the coasts of European, Asian and African countries. The team It started from six “representative” plants: garlic (Allium sativum), the hawthorn bush (Crataegus monogyna), saffron (Crocussativus), the olive tree (Olea europaea), rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus), and the vine (Vitis vinifera). The study focused, however, on fifteen bioactive compounds present in these plants: diallyl trisulfide, allicin and S-allyl (cysteine) (in garlic); quercetin, apigenin and chlorogenic acid (in the hawthorn bush); crocina and safranal (in saffron); oleic acid, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and oleacein (in olive); rosmarinic acid and carnosic acid (in rosemary); and resveratrol (in the vine). Analyzing the literature. The team carried out a review of the scientific literature focusing on these compounds and their potential properties in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. That is, we searched among previously published studies for those that analyzed the potential benefits of these compounds. Details of the process were published in an article in the magazine Food Bioscience. Mixtures and dosage. The team explains that extracts based on these compounds are “promising,” but also points out some factors to consider. For example, the so-called “matrix effect”. This refers to the fact that the combined ingestion of these compounds with others can alter the effectiveness of their therapeutic effects, both to improve and diminish these effects. This, together with the greater or lesser amount of a compound contained in a food, means that it is not always possible to extrapolate the benefits of a compound to the food that contains it. Understanding the interactions between different compounds, the team highlights, is “essential” to optimize their therapeutic application. One last detail that the team focuses on is the need not to equate “natural” with the best, even in these contexts. “The ‘natural’ label does not guarantee safety, and this emphasizes the need to prioritize pharmacokinetic, toxicological and clinical studies to evaluate its effectiveness, safety and efficiency compared to existing medicines,” They emphasize in their press release. In Xataka | Two new studies reinforce something we already suspected: our diet has a lot to do with cancers of the digestive system Image | Angeleses

Half a year ago we discovered oxygen in one of the most remote places on the planet. Now we want to know more

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A few months ago we knew the news of the discovery of the so -called “dark oxygen.” This oxygen form has little extraordinary from the chemical point of view: these are conventional oxygen molecules. What is not conventional in this dark oxygen is its formation process. A new project. Now, the team that announced the discovery of dark oxygen has announced a new project linked to the presence of these mysterious molecules in the oceanic depths. The objective of this new project is to answer some of the questions raised after the finding, especially the question of whether this process was given in various areas of the oceanic fund. “Our discovery of dark oxygen was a change in the paradigm of our understanding of the depths of the sea and potentially of life on Earth, but threw more questions than answers,” explained in a press release Andrew Sweetman, who will lead the new project. International collaboration. The new project is the result of the cooperation of two intitions, the Japanese Nippon Foundation, in charge of financing the project with a contribution of two million pounds; and the Scottish Association for Marine Science (Sams), an institution that will lead the investigation. Dark oxygen. Let’s recap, dark oxygen? This concept was popularized last year to refer to molecular oxygen found in the depths of the oceanfar from the sun’s rays, hence the “dark” appellation. Until now, the dominant hypothesis is that oxygen is only formed on our planet through photosynthesis, a phenomenon dependent on the energy emitted by our star. The presence of oxygen in a place where photosynthesis is impossible and separate from surface marine currents, opened the search for alternative hypotheses that explained the presence of these molecules in the inhospitable environment. The response of the team responsible for the finding was in the metals that can be found in the seabed, which, according to this hypothesis they would be generating these molecules through electricity, that is, thanks to electrolysis. Verifying the hypothesis. The new project could serve to verify this theory, questioned by the mining industry, and to explore alternative hypotheses that explain the unexpected presence of oxygen in this environment. Hypothesis like that of radiolysisthat is to say the possibility that it is the radiation that, directly or indirectly, is triggering the process. The team also wants to explore if the processes that generate this dark oxygen They also release hydrogenas well as if this element is used as a source of energy by the bacterial communities that inhabit this area of ​​the ocean. In addition, the study could help us better understand the impact that climate change could have on these ecosystems. Conversations with NASA. The American space agency, NASA, has also shown interest in expanding our knowledge about dark oxygen, those responsible for the project say. “We are already in conversation with NASA experts who believe that dark oxygen could rebuild our understanding of how life is sustained on other planets without direct sunlight,” Sweetman added. Dark oxygen can also help us better understand how oxygen arose on our planet, providing us with information about the emergence of life on earth. Life and oxygen are inseparable concepts, but we do not know completely how this relationship was forged. In Xataka | When it seemed that the controversy of underwater mining was appealing, the discovery of black oxygen threatens to reactivate it Image | Biocyan Campaign

Scientists discovered two objects in our galaxy that they are not able to explain

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Japanese astronomers have found two objects in our galaxy that defy all known logic. Although they are the size of typical stars, these bodies are predominantly composed of ice, a feature that does not fit current models of star formation. The discovery has surprised the scientific community, as it raises questions about its origin and if it really They could represent a completely new type of starnever before observed. These objects They have unusual characteristics that make their classification difficult.. Its size is comparable to that of white dwarfs or neutron stars, but its icy composition contradicts any previously documented phenomenon. Some researchers suggest they could have formed in extremely cold regions of spacewhere conditions allowed ice to accumulate on a massive scale. Others consider the possibility that they are remnants of ancient star systems that underwent radical transformations. A new type of star? The discovery of these icy bodies has given rise to an exciting hypothesis: are we facing a new type of star? Conventional stars, whether made of hydrogen, helium or denser compounds, do not have ice as a dominant component. This phenomenon suggests that there must be unknown cosmological processes that allow the formation of these objects. Astronomers still don’t have definitive answers, but They plan to use advanced telescopes to analyze its composition in depth and behavior. Spectroscopy could reveal key information about the presence of other elements and the temperature of these structures. On the other hand, scientists believe that understanding the galactic environment in which these bodies were found could also offer crucial clues. The discovery not only represents a challenge to current theories, but also a opportunity to expand our understanding of the universe. If it is confirmed that these objects are a new type of star, it will be necessary to rethink the foundations of modern astrophysics, opening the door to future research and possibilities in the exploration of the cosmos. Keep reading:• NASA managed to capture live the moment a planet disintegrated• NASA discovers new evidence of the presence of water on Mars• NASA astronauts have been “stranded” in space for 6 months

The atlas of side effects (positive and negative) of Ozempic discovered | Health and well-being

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All medications have side effects, just take a look at any leaflet to see this. But there are not many cases in which these amount to the main effect. This is what happened a few years ago with GLP-1 agonists, medications used for decades to treat type 2 diabetes that began to demonstrate weight-loss effects. After several reformulations, new commercial brands, such as Ozempic and Wegovy, became an effective way to end obesity. But science is proving that there are many other side effects that could become major ones. GLP-1 is a molecular Swiss army knife, a kind of all-purpose drug. They affect our bodies in ways we still don’t fully understand. But today we are closer to listing. A team of scientists from the University of Washington School of Medicine has published the first detailed atlas of the side effects of these drugs. They have found benefits for cognitive and behavioral health, while revealing an increased risk of developing pancreatitis and kidney conditions. “Until now we had seen anecdotes and reports here and there. “Some people saying that it can affect this or that,” explained its main author, the clinical epidemiologist, in the presentation of the study. Ziyad Al-Aly, from the John J. Cochran Veterans Hospital. “But no one, no one had thoroughly investigated the effectiveness and risks of GLP-1 and all the ways it can affect health.” The study was published this Monday in the journal Nature Medicineshowcase of the best world science. More information “We did an analysis that comprehensively mapped the associations between GLP-1 and 175 potential health effects,” Al-Aly notes. The benefits, beyond weight loss, included a lower risk of substance use disorders and a reduction in suicidal ideation, schizophrenia, and other psychotic disorders. They also observed a reduction in cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and dementia. And finally, a reduction in the risk of clotting disorders, including stroke. “We found that these drugs have a wide range of beneficial effects, but all this does not come without risks,” warns the expert. The study confirms that, in some cases, they can cause gastrointestinal problems, such as nausea and vomiting. This is quite common and has already been documented in some patients. An increased risk of gastroparesis or stomach paralysis in rare cases and an increased risk of low blood pressure have also been seen. The analysis also notes that the drug may increase the risk of sleep problems and headaches, kidney stones, and drug-induced kidney inflammation. For these reasons, the authors recommend that, when evaluating this treatment, it should always be done under medical supervision and after an individualized analysis. “It is an observational study, although it has a large database and has been carried out for a long time,” he explains. Christopher Moralesan endocrinologist at the Virgen Macarena University Hospital in Seville, who was not involved in the study. The study does not demonstrate, therefore, that the medication is the cause of the listed effects. But these are consistent enough (risk reduction between 10 and 20%) and the database large enough (almost two million patients over three years) to think there is a direct relationship. “With Big Data you can scrape these results in very large databases and this is positive. But we must remember that here we can only verify association, not causality.” The objective of this research, in the words of its own authors, was not to analyze a specific effect and demonstrate causality, but to build an atlas of the association of risks and benefits of this relatively new medicine. “It’s like when Christopher Columbus arrived in America, and he thought about mapping it to get his bearings,” explains Al-Aly. “This is what we are doing, drawing a landscape of benefits and risks.” This opens the door to the possibility that in the future, after many reformulations and research, we can talk about an Ozempic for dementia, alcoholism or Alzheimer’s. There is still a long way to go, but this study has drawn a first map to locate the path. And there are many companies willing to embark on this adventure. There is currently a scientific and commercial race to find the next revolutionary use of GLP-1 agonists. Everyone has in mind the case of Novo Nordisk, the Danish laboratory that presented Ozempic in 2018, and which today has a stock market capitalization of 382,000 million dollars, which makes it the largest company in Europe. This has enormous business and economic implications, but from the scientific world, the question is different. How does an anti-diabetes drug have so many and varied effects? “Medicines don’t work surgically. They are designed to do one thing, but the reality is that this is almost never the case,” reflects Al-Aly. “Biology is complex and multiple, and if you touch one thing you will create a network of various effects.” GLP-1 acts on the intestine, but also on the brain, affecting areas that are involved in impulse control and reward signaling. This would explain why they help mitigate addiction problems. These medications would also affect the blood vessels, and in doing so have a potential effect on the heart. There is research that suggests that they also reduce inflammation, including that of the brain, which could explain their protective effect against neurodegenerative diseases. “But there is also another simpler theory that can explain all these positive health effects,” explains Al-Aly. Obesity is considered a disease in itself, but also the gateway to many others. It is the fifth risk factor for death in the world and every year 2.8 million adults die as a result of this condition. “When we treat obesity, it is normal that this affects other diseases, since it is the mother of them all,” summarizes Al-Aly. The expert has not yet decided, with the available scientific evidence, on which of these two theories has more force. The first would mean that we are talking about a miracle drug with multiple uses. The second would be less profitable for companies, would fill … Read more

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