Athletics has just experienced its own “moon landing.” And Adidas has defeated Nike in its particular space race

May 6, 2017. Eliud Kipchoge appears on the finish line of the Monza circuit, northern Italy. This time the sound of the engines is provided by the crash against the asphalt of the athletes who accompany the Kenyan in the breaking 2the first attempt to go under two hours in marathon distance. But it is the tires that attract attention. The feet fit the Nike Vaporfly Elite. A very high profile, a foam with an absorption capacity unlike anything seen before. And the most striking thing: a carbon plate. The promise is that the shoe saves energy when running. That is, fatigue comes later and/or the athlete can run faster with the same feeling of effort. Almost a decade ago, Eliud Kipchoge was a handful of seconds away from breaking the two-hour marathon distance. He breaking 2 It did not break the desired 120-minute barrier, but Nike had just opened a new page in the history of athletics. A space race began that has ended almost nine years after that challenge. On April 26, 2026, the moon was reached. But Adidas has put the flag. A photo for history Since 2017 we have been wondering who would be the first man to break under two hours in a conventional marathon. Eliud Kipchoge himself achieved it the following year, becoming the first to complete the 42,195 meters in less than 120 minutes. But the event, surrounded by hares, with a car making a screen to block the wind and with mobile supplies, could not be validated as a world record. In 2018, in the Berlin marathon, considered one of the circuits faster of the world, Eliud Kipchoge amazed by stopping the clock at 2:01’39”. The following year, the legendary Kenenisa Bekele was just two seconds away from that same record in one of the cruelest final stretches in history. At that time, records were already falling in pairs with the new Nike carbon plate. Athletes were breaking records at the same rate as complaints of technological doping were rising. Some, in fact, They broke contracts when they understood that they were playing at a disadvantage. With the world’s fastest man in the long distance 99 seconds away from breaking the two-hour barrier, the question of whether we would ever see this milestone was more than repeated. In 2022, Kipchoge managed to get closer and made us dream. He finally exceeded it by one minute and nine seconds. On April 26, 2026, Sabastian Sawe put the flag on the Moon. And Yomif Kejelcha propped it up. Adidas had won the space race with a photo that will go down in history. Since Nike revolutionized the market with the launch of the first Vaporfly, athletics brands went into combustion. Sneakers with carbon plates multiplied, foams softened and became more reactive. The competition arrived and Nike seemed to have fallen behind. Kelvin Kiptum in 2023 proved that we were wrong, that he was the main candidate to break the mythical barrier. He was 35 seconds away from achieving it in the Chicago Marathon but a car accident ended his life a few months later. A few months earlier, Tigst Assefa stopped the clock in a historic 2:11’53” in the Berlin Marathon. He had just shaved almost two minutes off the world record. On his feet, the Adidas Adizero Adios Pro EVO 1. The Nike-Adidas battle is on fire and in 2024 Ruth Chepngetich, dressed by Nike, becomes the first woman in history to beat 2 hours and 10 minutes. The following year, Chepngetich is sanctioned for doping but it does not affect this record. This same year in Barcelona, Fotyen Tesfay manages to go under two hours and 11 minutes and Adidas also already has the second fastest mark in the history of the women’s marathon. But the final blow was given yesterday. Only two men have gone under two hours in a conventional marathon. They both wear Adidas. From the Vaporfly to the Adizero Adios Pro EVO 3 When Nike first released the Vaporfly, all hell broke loose. Not only among the more or less amateur public, athletes verified on the spot that their shoes were not up to par with those of the Oregon brand. Until its arrival, competition shoes had been standardized in minimal profiles and low drop (the difference in height between the front and rear area). The Vaporfly blew up what was known until then. Impossible heights for the time, very soft foams and zero “feel” of the asphalt for feet accustomed to always being close to the ground. However, for some reason, they worked. The improvement was quickly attributed to the carbon plate but the plate is only one of the pieces that make the whole work. Although it was directly attributed to the plate, the truth is that that sensation of “catapult” and extreme rebound of the foot was the result of using a supercritical foam with a lot of return. In fact, the carbon served to structure the shoe and give stability to the foot. Javi Moro, head of material at the magazine Corridorexplains that these foams “are very light and have a great capacity to retain and return energy” but emphasizes that they really have not changed much in general. “They have changed the curvatures of the plate and the midsoles to generate more rocker effect,” he explains, although he emphasizes that it is more as a means to adapt to all types of audiences “because not all runners tolerate the same type of plate in the same way.” This swing is more pronounced as brands have sought the limits of the regulations. World Athletic, which organizes major events and certifies the tests and the validity of the results, prevents competition with shoes whose height between the ground and the support of the insole exceeds 40 mm. But brands play with “where” those measurements are taken (at two specific points, heel and midfoot) to play with the geometries and try to put more foam … Read more

The Japanese Shinkansen was the fastest train in the world until China defeated it. The reason: the “piston effect”

In a very summary way, the piston in a four stroke engine It is responsible for moving the air inside to compress it and facilitate the burning or explosion of the fuel or to push it out of the combustion chamber. That is, it is dedicated to pushing the air up or down. Now imagine a train arriving in a tunnel at more than 300 km/h. Suddenly, the train goes from being outside to moving the air inside the tunnel. To push it to the bottom. Your movement It would be very similar to that of a piston. The train moves in a straight line and around it the tunnel would behave like a combustion chamber. That doesn’t seem like a problem. It doesn’t seem like it if we think that the air is simply pushed to the outlet where it is released without further problem. It’s also not a problem if your high-speed lines run over a bridge more than 100 kilometers long. But if you are a mountainous country and you have made the railway your star medium to move millions of people hundreds of kilometers an hour. Yes, you have a problem. Because the piston effect is pure physics and solving it to gain speed is not being easy. When they were the best In 1964, while Spain began to open up to the world, Abebe Bikila won his second Olympic Marathon in the streets of Tokyo. He did it wearing Puma Osaka shoes.nothing to do with the famous 42,195 meters that he covered barefoot in Rome to win four years before. We do not know if Bikila took that first Shinkansen that linked the cities Tokyo and, precisely, Osaka. The bullet train had begun to operate in Japan that same year, promoted by the Olympic Games in the Japanese capital. Then, the two cities were linked by a train that reached peaks of 210km/hbecoming the first high-speed line in the world. More than 60 years later, Japan is no longer the country with the highest number of high-speed kilometers of the world. Today it is China. It makes sense, taking into account that the country is huge, so if this means of transportation were promoted, sooner or later they would surpass their neighbors. Spain, by the way, also surpassed Japan in this area years ago. But it is very likely that something else has hurt Japan more. China is making the bullet train its flag. Its latest advances with the maglev, which levitates thanks to very powerful magnets to avoid friction with the track, has reached a combined speed of 896 km/h at the intersection of two CR450 trains. The problem for Japan is that China has a lot of money. And if it is necessary to build eight of the 10 longest bridges in the world to solve geographical accidents, they get to work. Japan has to deal with a lot of mountains and a more traditional system: tunnels. And that when you want to make a train pass at very high speed is quite a problem. When a train fully crosses the threshold of a tunnel, what is known as piston effecta problem that prevents increasing the walking speed further. The consequences are as simple as they are serious: loud explosions, breakage of equipment… and the eardrums of passengers. Upon entering the tunnel, the air is compressed and the movement of the train moves it towards the exit. However, some of that air rebounds and generates pressure changes that can be especially painful for passengers, even affecting their middle ear. When moving outside, a pressure wave is created that moves at the speed of sound and when the train leaves the tunnel, a shock wave and a sound explosion are created that, it is calculated, can be heard 400 meters away. It is known as tunnel boom. Japan is now experiencing a problem carried over from the past. Their trains are wider than the European ones but their tunnels are narrower. This was to reduce infrastructure costs but also to run less risk of landslides in the event of an earthquake. At first this was not a problem but when the speed of the trains increased they realized that they could not continue moving. In China, trains also use wide tracks like their neighbors but since they do not preserve inherited structuresthe new tunnels built are wider. This reduces the void effect produced with the entry of the train into the tunnel and, therefore, mitigates the problems for passengers. Furthermore, as less resistance is generated when the train passes, energy expenditure is also reduced. The solution for the Japanese is not simple. On the Tokaido Shinkansen, the first high-speed line (the one that connects Tokyo with Osaka), 13% of total kilometers They run inside tunnels. But the Sanyo Shinkansen line runs through tunnels half of the time. and he Hokkaido Shinkansen which is under construction (this line is only partially open) contemplates the roofing of 80% of the layout. The most effective solution that has been found to the problem is to produce trains with a very long and sharp nose. The aerodynamics tries to imitate the beak of the Kingfisher that can dive into the water generating minimal splashes. Following the same concept, the longer and sharper the nose of the train, the less resistance the train encounters at the entrance and the more gradually the pressure wave is generated. The other solution has been expand the section of the tunnel at its entrance. The “door” is wider and also has side openings that allow part of the air to escape. air moved by the train. This escape route generates a lower pressure wave, allowing the train not to cause unwanted discomfort to passengers and to travel faster. It has even been thought of hermetic trains with controlled pressure. During its tests, Japan continues to search for trains that can reach a top speed of 400 km/h. However, the structures inherited from … Read more

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