data

The Internet has made data the new digital gold. And that’s why we are more fragile than ever: Crossover 1×27

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The Internet is wonderful until it isn’t. We have made it such an integral part of our lives that we are doing something dangerous: telling it too much about who we are and what we do at any given moment. And that has its risks. To talk about all this in this Crossover 1×27 We have invited José, better known as Hackavisswho is an expert in cybersecurity and digital forensics. He explains to us how hackers can end up stealing our data or what dangers exist on the deep web. And there are many, both in the deep web of before (Tor) and now, because Telegram is a digital underworld in itself. That they are not alone, because dangers also lurk in the Internet that we all see and use daily. This is how Hackaviss tells us (or rather scares us) about disturbing cases in which, for example, hackers can request a loan in your name with just a photo of your ID. There are many more, but in all of them there is the same focus: The data. Because as this expert says, data is the new digital gold. Especially for cybercriminals, who obtain that personal information and then use it in all kinds of ways, both to impersonate identities and to exploit them and defraud people or entire organizations. The types of scams, as Hackaviss explains, are almost unlimited, and in fact reminds us of the famous case of Silk Roadthat of snowden or that of Pegasus and then link to modern cryptocurrency scams. There is a little bit of everything and for everyone, and the conclusion is always the same: be careful how you use the internetbecause we are increasingly fragile in the network of networks. On YouTube | Crossover

The message is clear, if you use my data without paying, prepare your lawyers

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The Internet business model has been based on a tacit agreement for decades: If something is free, the product is probably us. For years, this logic was assumed without major shocks, but the emergence of artificial intelligence is changing the rules. Platforms that store human conversations have become gold mines for training models, and that has reopened old questions about the value of data. In the midst of this new scenario, Reddit has planted itself strongly. Although its millions of users do not receive any compensation for the content they generate, the company has made it clear that it will not tolerate others using it without paying for it. Reddit’s firmness has materialized in a new lawsuit filed before US justice. The company accuses Perplexity AI and three data scraping service providers of having circumvented its protection mechanisms to access copyrighted content. In its complaint, Reddit describes “scraping on an industrial scale” and maintains that the objective of these companies is to illicitly obtain the material that feeds artificial intelligence engines. It’s a new chapter in a strategy to control the use of your content. A rather particular case. At the center of the complaint are Perplexity AI and three mass data scraping intermediaries: SerpApi, Oxylabs and AWMProxy. Reddit describes them as “wannabe bank robbers,” a metaphor with which the company illustrates the attempt to access their content through indirect means. Instead of signing a licensing agreement, the lawsuit claims, these companies would have chosen to use third-party services to collect posts, comments and copyright-protected data. The conversational search engine is listed as a customer of “at least one” of those providers. The court document details a pattern of behavior that, according to Reddit, has been repeated for months. The accused companies would have used automated methods to extract information from the platform despite the restrictions imposed on their public file. The result, the company denounces, was a constant flow of publications that ended up integrated into the defendant’s artificial intelligence engine. For Reddit, it is scraping “on an industrial scale” and for clearly commercial purposes. The test that turned it all on. One of the most relevant episodes of the complaint is an experiment that Reddit considers key. In May 2024, the company ordered the defendant to stop collecting its data. However, shortly thereafter he saw an increase in Reddit mentions within the Perplexity answer engine. To verify this, he published an entry designed to be visible only by Google. According to the complaint, a few hours later the full text of that publication already appeared in the results generated by the accused company’s system. Perplexity does not hide. Perplexity noted on Reddit’s own platform. In that message, it explained that it is an “application layer” company and that “it does not train artificial intelligence models with Reddit content.” “He has never done it,” the text added. According to the company, this difference makes it impossible to sign a licensing agreement like those that Reddit has reached with other companies. “A year ago, after explaining this, Reddit insisted that we pay anyway. Giving in to these types of tactics is not the way we do business,” the statement concluded. When there is an agreement, there is money. Reddit’s position against Perplexity contrasts with the agreements it has signed with other technology companies. In February 2024 it expanded its collaboration with Google to allow access to its content through the data API, in a structured and licensed manner. Three months later, announced a similar alliance with OpenAI: ChatGPT and other company products can display recent Reddit posts in their responses. What we accept (many times) without reading. Behind all this debate there is an element that many users overlook: the Reddit Terms of Service. By creating an account, each person grants the platform a worldwide, perpetual, irrevocable and sublicensable license to use their content. This license allows you to copy, modify, distribute or publish any contribution, including making it available to other associated companies. The text also specifies that Reddit can use this material to “train artificial intelligence and machine learning models.” In other words, permission is already granted. Something we have already seen, and what remains to be seen. Reddit has been drawing a clear pattern of action for some time. In 2023 it toughened its conditions for access to the APIwhich led to widespread protests and the temporary closure of thousands of communities. A year later, in May 2024, it sent a cease-and-desist letter to Perplexity for unauthorized use of its data and subsequently filed a lawsuit against Anthropic for similar reasons. The current litigation fits that same logic: protecting the value of your content and tightening your control over who can use it. The case between Reddit and Perplexity is still in its initial phase, but its implications are evident. What the courts decide could set a precedent for future disputes between platforms and artificial intelligence developers. On the one hand there is the defense of free access to information; on the other, the right of companies to protect the content generated in their communities. The result will define the extent to which platforms control the material that users share daily. Images | Reddit | Xataka with Gemini 2.5 | Perplexity In Xataka | The race to put a humanoid robot in our house has begun. It’s an absurd race

An electric car is 54% cheaper to maintain than a combustion car. And it may not compensate because the data has a trick

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The cost of a car is not what you pay for it, it is the sum of many other factors. It is what it costs you to fill the tank, what it costs you to repair it and, why not, what you get back once you have decided to get rid of it. Are there reasons to go electric? Yes, many. Also to stay in the combustion. It depends on what you value. The data. An electric car saves up to 54% in maintenance compared to an equivalent gasoline car. Those are the accounts of Autobild that are spreading in recent days among the media. His comparison pointed to a Volkswagen ID.3 with a Volkswagen Golf VII 1.6 TDI from 2016 and a Volkswagen e-Golf, also from 2016. Why does an electric car have less autonomy than advertised? The result is that maintaining the electric car was between 40 and 54% cheaper than versions with combustion engines. According to their calculations, the revisions for the diesel version ranged from 393 euros to 547 euros. The plug-in hybrid had a price in its reviews of between 161 euros and 275 euros. The electric maintenance book required maintenance of between 200 and 300 euros. Of course, the stops were less frequent and, according to their calculations, as the kilometers passed, the pure electric was between 40 and 54% cheaper than its combustion “brothers.” Because? They give several reasons. First of all, as we have seen, because the reviews They are less expensive and less common. Fewer components have to be replaced in them, so it is necessary to invest less money. Among his accounts are oil changes (almost non-existent among electric cars), the total absence of possible breakdowns of a combustion engine and also the replacement of wear elements: timing belts, spark plugs, particle filter… In addition, they pointed out that some elements suffer less wear over the years and kilometers. For example, they predict a longer useful life for disc brakes because, especially in the city, most of the braking is absorbed by regenerative braking. and the day to day. There is another invariable fact: on a day-to-day basis, an electric car is almost always cheaper than a gasoline car. In the city, the electric car consumes less than a gasoline or diesel car. This, in addition, is exposed to a greater number of breakdowns with switching on and off every few kilometers. But if you want to do the math. An electric car in the city can easily move at 10-15 kWh/100 kilometers. That means that, with a domestic charge at 10 cents/kWhwe are talking about between one euro and one and a half euros per 100 kilometers. In the city, compared to a hybrid that consumes 4 liters/100 km we are talking about more than five euros difference per day. If it is a gasoline that moves at around 7 l/100 km in the urban environment, the difference goes up to nine euros. It is in long-distance getaways where the circumstances are equal. If an electric car consumes 18-20 kWh/100 km and refuels at 0.50 euros/kWh, we are talking about between 9 and 10 euros to travel 100 kilometers, figures very similar to gasoline. Charged in an ultra-fast plug at about 0.80 euros, we are talking about gasoline or diesel winning by a lot. Yes, but. That is to say, electric car is cheaper. Almost always, but not always. First, because that first comparison that has gone viral has something of a trick: the data is from 2021. The electricity figures posted above, for example, are current and less favorable to the electric car. However, as we have seen, those who use the car in the urban environment are very likely to find it worth opting for this technology. Of course, the latest data that are collected from ADAC (the German RACE) are not so optimistic. In that case they talk about a saving of between 20 and 30% in favor of the electric car. That is, they continue winning but the margin is narrowing. And if…? Calculating what one saves with an electric car is not entirely simple. For example, right now you can calculate how much money you would save in regulated parking areas in those cities where there are discounts on parking. And you can do the math thinking that the MOVES III Plan but, in some autonomous communities, this is not entirely safe. But not only that, when calculating what a car costs we can keep in mind its selling price, whether there is a premium for the electric version, the expected savings with our type of use and the kilometers to be traveled… but, What happens if we want to sell the car? In that case, the electric car seems to lose out. At this time, it is a technology that devalues ​​quickly because batteries degrade over time (range is reduced) and innovations are making cars obsolete in a very short time while new models reduce their prices. That is to say, the second-hand market has everything to continue losing money with the electric car. So what do I do? The first thing we recommend in Xataka is that you have very clear what kind of use you are going to make the vehicle. Be as rational as possible or, at least, be very clear about what you value above all else. If you like a passionate car and money doesn’t matter to youget the vehicle that you like the most. Here, however, we are here to talk about money. If you want a adjusted car, calculate the daily kilometers you travel, the types of outings you do and make calculations of the battery size you need. Of course, if a small car with 50-60 kWh capacity is enough, keep in mind that you will have to make concessions when you travel. In that case, only you set the price for your time. With all this in mind, do the following math: Cost … Read more

Data centers do not want to depend on the conventional electrical grid. Solution: build your own plants

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AI data centers have sparked a new fever: the so-called “bring your own power.” The demand and consumption The pressure these plants impose is so enormous that they do not want to depend on external sources. The solution is theoretically simple, and we are already seeing how when a new data center is built, it is normal for some type of power plant to be built next to it. We are seeing it now. The data centers that OpenAI and Oracle are building in West Texas are accompanied by the creation of a natural gas-based power plant. Both xAI’s Colossus 1 and Colossus 2 in Memphis take advantage of gas turbines. And as they also indicate in The Wall Street Journalmore than a dozen Equinix data centers across the US are powered by stand-alone fuel cells. If the conventional electrical grid cannot be used, nothing happens: you create a power plant and that’s it. The US has an electrical problem. The technology giants would prefer to connect to the conventional grid, but bottlenecks in the supply chain, bureaucracy – permits, licenses – and the slowness in building the necessary transmission infrastructure prevent this. According to the ICV firmThe United States would need to add about 80 GW of new generation capacity per year to keep pace with AI, but right now less than 65 GW per year are being built. There is another direct consequence of this problem: the rise in the electricity bill. Data centers that look like cities. The needs and ambition of AI companies has made data centers become calculation and resource consumption monsters. One can only consume as much electricity as 10,000 stores in the Walmart electronics chain, WSJ estimates. Before 2020, data centers represented less than 2% of US energy consumption. By 2028 they are expected to represent up to 12%. A 1.5 GW data center, for example, would have consumption similar to that of the city of San Francisco, with about 800,000 inhabitants. China has a lot of advantage over the US in this. While the US deal with that lack of powerChina does not stop investing in new energy generation. According to data According to the National Energy Administration, the Asian country added 429 GW of new energy generation in 2024, while the US only added 50 GW. It is true that China has four times the population, but its centralized planning is helping to avoid problems that affect the US electrical grid. The white knight to the rescue. Faced with this shortage, natural gas has become the preferred resource for on-site energy generation. Although large turbines have long delivery times, smaller turbines or fuel cells that use natural gas are being used because of their rapid availability and installation. Renewables lose steam. Meanwhile, things are not promising for renewable energies (solar and wind, especially). There are about 214 GW of new generation theoretically in projectbut spending on such technologies could decline due to the potential loss of tax credits: the Trump administration criticizes that those clean energies do not provide a constant flow necessary for AI. The nuclear alternative. Faced with this apparent decline of nuclear energy, there is a growing interest in compact nuclear reactors (SMR), which allow us to provide the advantages of this type of center and a flexibility that can be very interesting for AI data centers. amazon, Google, Goal either Microsoft They are betting part of their future on nuclear powerbut that It doesn’t mean there aren’t challenges to overcome.. Image | Wolfgang Weiser In Xataka | World record in nuclear fusion: the German Wendelstein 7-X reactor has broken all records

Telefónica has achieved its best portability data in 25 years. It’s a sign that something is changing.

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Between July and September, Telefónica has achieved 80,000 net additions due to portability – mobile and landline combined –, the highest figure since this mechanism was implemented in 2000, according to the latest data reported by Expansion. The data continues to go bankrupt for a quarter of a century, losing customers almost uninterruptedly. Since May 2024, the operator has had 17 consecutive months of positive results in mobile, a streak that it only shares with Digi. Why is it important. Portability measures who best understands what the user wants and who executes it. It’s not statistical noise: it’s money, market share and retention capacity. Telefónica had been the big natural loser of the system for decades—it came from a monopoly so it had the largest base as well as the highest prices—but now it reverses the equation. Something has changed, either in its proposal or in the market. Or both. The figures: In mobile, Telefónica has added 64,000 net lines in the quarter, compared to 45,000 in the same period of 2024. So far this year, it has accumulated 135,000 new lines, almost ten times the 14,000 in the first nine months of last year. In fixed terms, it achieved 16,000 quarterly registrations, its best historical record, and has had a positive six months. It is the first time that it has achieved two consecutive quarters of winning in both markets at the same time. The contrast. If Telefónica and Digi grow, MasOrange and Vodafone sink: MasOrange has lost 138,000 mobile lines in the quarter – 438,000 so far this year, 50% more than in 2024. Vodafone gave up 91,000 lines in the third quarter and 272,000 in the accumulated annual period. Digi, for its part, adds 177,000 quarterly registrations, 21% more than a year ago, and leads the acquisition with 605,000 lines gained between January and September. Between the lines. The market is polarizing: Telefónica retains and attracts the premium customer, who values ​​service, network and stability over price. Digi sweeps the segment low cost pure, where only the cheapest rate matters. The operators in the middle—MasOrange with its cheap legacy brands, Zegona’s Vodafone dragging problems from the past—they lose on both sides. Yes, buteither. MasOrange faces a structural problem: many of its brands—MásMóvil, Yoigo, Pepephone, Simyo—have customers who are hypersensitive to price, willing to jump at the first cent difference. Vodafone, for its part, still bears the consequences of quit football in 2018a decision that caused a mass exodus and from which it has never fully recovered. Now add the uncertainty of Finetworkin pre-contest and losing 48,000 lines in the quarter. The backdrop. To find a quarter similar to Telefónica’s current one, you have to go back to 2018, when Vodafone left football and the historic operator gained 66,000 net lines. But that was temporary, a gift from the competition. This is different: Telefónica has been winning in mobile for 17 months without any rival having made a catastrophic mistake. It is sustained improvement. Small virtual operators are also beginning to disappear from the map. In the third quarter they have lost 11,000 net lines, compared to the 9,000 they gained a year ago. Digi is sweeping them away. The market is simplified: the big ones with the muscle to invest in the network remain (Telefónica, MasOrange, Vodafone) and the disruptor low cost (Digi). The rest, adrift. In Xataka | Telefónica is about to surprise itself: its future is no longer in communications Featured image | Telephone

We’ve been obsessed with strong passwords and public Wi-Fi for years. It turns out that the data sink was in the satellites

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While we worry about choose strong passwords and Don’t let the neighbor steal our WiFiit turns out that anyone can capture private data simply by pointing a dish at a satellite. It is not a government conspiracy, it is what some Californian researchers have discovered using a piece of equipment that only costs $800. What has happened? They count in Wired that several researchers from the universities of California and Maryland have been capturing communications from various satellites for three years. During this time they have collected a huge amount of private data. Among the information collected there is data on calls and messages from users of various operators, the pages visited by airplane passengers who used WiFi on board, communications between different critical infrastructures such as oil platforms or electrical companies and even police and military communications that revealed the position of their equipment. Why it is important. According to the study’s conclusions, it is estimated that around half of the signal from geostationary satellites carries sensitive information of consumers, companies and also governments. We strive to protect our WiFi networks, our online accounts or mobile devices, but the results of the research make it clear that satellites are a critical element through which data can also be leaked. A basic equipment. What is striking is that the researchers did not use super complex technology to obtain these findings. They simply placed a satellite dish on the roof of a university building and started pointing it at the satellites. They only invested $800 in the entire equipment. The data they obtained is only from the satellites that they could capture from their position in southern California, which according to their calculations is 15% of the total, so logic leads one to think that the amount of sensitive data will be much larger. In addition, it also shows that anyone could do it from another part of the world. Operators. The most significant data came from telephone providers, mainly T-Mobile, but also Telmex and AT&T México. In just nine hours of communications logging, researchers were able to collect the phone numbers of more than 2,700 T-Mobile users, as well as text messages and phone calls. After contacting T-Mobile to alert them, the company took steps to encrypt the data. AT&T also fixed this and claimed it was due to a satellite provider failing to configure some towers in a region of Mexico. Telmex has not said anything about it. Military and police data. That anyone’s data is exposed is already problematic, but that it is data from the army and security forces adds another layer of seriousness. Investigators were able to intercept communications between US military ships and the names of those ships. Since they were in Southern California, they also obtained data from Mexican authorities, including transmissions of confidential information about ongoing operations. “When we started looking at military helicopters, it wasn’t the sheer volume of data that worried us, but rather the extreme sensitivity of that data,” says Aaron Schulman, co-director of the research. Cybersecurity in space. In August of this same year, researchers found several vulnerabilities which, under certain conditions, could allow remote control of satellites. At the beginning of the Ukrainian war, Russia carried out a cyber attack against ViaSat which affected thousands of users. Cases like these highlight the need to bring the cybersecurity debate to space systems as well and not just terrestrial systems. Image | SpaceX on Pexels In Xataka | There are so many satellites orbiting the Earth that Starlink has a new concern: avoiding colliding with them

The Police have arrested two minors as alleged perpetrators of a leak. Data from Pedro Sánchez and ministers were included

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Two minors have been arrested by the National Police for their alleged involvement in a massive leak of personal data that included information from President Pedro Sánchez, ministers such as Margarita Robles and José Manuel Albares and members of the CNI. Police sources confirmed the arrests The Vanguard and The Countryin an operation linked to the publication of that data on the Internet. The arrests were carried out on September 26 in two different points: Catalonia and Castilla-La Mancha, as detailed by La Vanguardia. Both are part of the open investigation to clarify the origin and scope of the leak, which affected Government and CNI authorities. The investigations focused on reconstructing the path of the data and determining how its dissemination occurred. How the arrests were made. The General Information Commissariat of the National Police was in charge of the arrests. The details of the operation are not known, but it was probably kept under wraps until the agents managed to identify the suspects and arrest them in Catalonia and Castilla-La Mancha. Minors and degree of involvement. Those arrested are two minors, according to the aforementioned media. One of them appears as the main person involved in the leak, while the other would have had less responsibility. Researchers are now working to define the participation of both and clarify how they accessed the data that ended up published on the Internet. Screenshot of the message posted by N4t0x The message and the tool. The investigation focuses on a message spread by the user who called himself N4t0x, who claimed responsibility for the leak on a cybercrime forum. In it he claimed to have achieved, together with other people, “a mega leak of personal data of the vast majority of Spanish politicians” using a tool called SpainData. In the publication, the group detailed that this tool allowed information on the entire population to be consulted and announced that the leak would be “free and public.” Scope and verification. Although the N4t0x group claimed to have obtained information from the entire Spanish population, these claims have not been officially verified. The police sources cited by the media have limited themselves to confirming the investigation and the arrests, without specifying the content or magnitude of the files. Nor has it been proven that the SpainData tool works as the author described in his message. Investigation under secret. On September 22, 2025, RTVE.es reported that the National Court was secretly investigating a new leak of personal data attributed to N4t0x, which affected President Pedro Sánchez, several ministers and members of the CNI. Judge Antonio Piña, of central court number 6, assumed the first proceedings and decreed the secrecy of the proceedings. Days later, on September 28, Europa Press pointed out that The Information Services and the Spanish justice system had intensified the search for alleged actors involved such as N4t0x. Images | National Police (1, 2) | Screenshot In Xataka | If your home is robbed and you have the recording, this security camera company will pay you for it

Data centers shooting the light of light in the houses

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Spain is betting very strong for the development and creation of new data centers. The AI ​​boom has infected our country, and although that attracts investment and economic capital, it can also lead to serious problems for consumers. Especially a very clear one: that we pay more for the light. Spain, care with data centers. In recent months we have seen how Data centers construction projects grow In our country. It is estimated that in the Community of Madrid there will be a power of 1.7 GW in 2030, which is paradoxical, because it is the region with greater energy deficit in Spain and the one that is staying with a good part of these projects. Aragon, in another league. Aragon has so many projects of data centers that He showed his disappointment When he knew that the reinforcement of the electricity network for those facilities throughout Spain will be 3.8 GW. Those responsible for the Aragonese government described the figure of “scarce”, especially considering that this region has projects that projects that projects that projects that They would exhaust that capacity alone. The US teaches us (worrying) future. A Bloomberg investigation It reveals how in the last five years the creation of new data centers is making the light invoice rise remarkably. Those centers, previously dedicated to expanding the cloud infrastructure and now totally focused on the AI ​​boom, are behind that increase in light invoice. Energy consumption is triggered in these facilities, and ends up affecting electricity prices in surrounding regions. Prices that almost quadruplic. In 2020 Baltimore residents paid average $ 17 per MW/h. In 2025 that price is $ 38 per MW/h. In Buffalo the thing is even worse, and prices have tripled in five years: they have gone from $ 11 to 33 per MW/h. In the areas of the United States close to large concentrations of data centers, the wholesale price of electricity has risen up to 267% In the last five years. LMP are nodes of the electricity grid that determine the wholesale price of electricity. Almost three out of four have seen price increases when they are close to data centers. Those who are in farther areas have come to see their reduced prices. Source: Bloomberg. Unequal climb. The study reveals how wholesale electricity prices in the US have increased significantly in recent years, although it is true that these increases have been applied unequally at the geographical level: certain areas have seen modest increases, but others have seen how the light of the light was fired and grew up to that aforementioned 267%, close to quadruple. The condemnation of data centers. 70% of the points at which price increases were recorded are less than 80 kilometers of data centers with significant activity. It is a fact that makes it clear that the impact of these data centers on the light of the residents is clear. And this goes to more. Current estimates, Indicates Bnefprevent the energy demand for data centers in the US will double for 2035 and will be the largest increase in energy demand since the 60s. Thus, in ten years that demand will represent 9% of the total. At the global level, the data centers are expected to consume more than 4% of the electricity consumed in 2035. If those facilities were a country, they would be the room in energy consumption, only behind China, USA and India. Perfect storm. The demand is also linked to the rise of cryptodivisas, the impulse of manufacturing in the US and the “electrification of the economy”, which includes areas such as electric vehicles or domestic heating systems. The withdrawal of traditional mining facilities in areas such as Baltimore has only aggravated the economic problem: there is less energy supply and more demand, which makes prices again increase. The world already knows what comes over and is reacting. What is happening in the US is already causing reactions in other countries. Holland: Water and energy needs made the Amsterdam City Council in 2019 imposed A moratorium for the construction of new data centers. Singapore: also established a pause for the creation of this type of facilities between 2019 and 2022, although the government made clear which would be more selective in future projects. Ireland: In 2024 the country reached a worrying milestone. Data centers They already consumed more than households. 5% of the country’s total consumption went through in 2015 to 18% in 2022 and 21% in 2023. Household consumption represented that year 18%. The solution: that the Big Tech pay that invoice. Public service companies in the US such as Dominion Power are clear that “data centers should pay the full cost of their energy consumption.” Large technological ones know very well that these facilities raise an extraordinary energy demand, and They are investigating solutions like him Use of SMR reactors for their AI data centers. The idea is interesting, But complex. Supply and demand. Spain faces a future in which energy supply and demand could be unbalanced as it is already happening in the United States. If data centers begin to impose more and more load on the network, it is reasonable to think that the cost of electricity increases and causes the least desirable effect for users: the rise in the light invoice. Renewables could help mitigate the problem, but only If the network is capable of absorbing Both the new generation and the new mass demand of the data centers. Image | Microsoft

Data centers for AI are an energy hole. Jeff Bezos’s solution: Build them in space

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In the next two decades we will see data centers at Gigavatio scale orbiting the Earth. Or at least that is the prediction that has launched The founder of Amazon and Blue Origin, Jeff Bezos. He said it during his speech at the Italian Tech Week in Turin, where he was able to establish conversation with John Elkann, president of Ferrari and Stellantis. Bezos’s proposal. Space data centers would take advantage of solar energy 24 hours a day, cloudless, rain or night cycles that interrupt the supply. According to Bezosthese “giant training clusters” of artificial intelligence would be more efficient and, eventually, more economical than terrestrial facilities. “We can exceed the cost of land data centers in space in the coming decades,” he said. Why now talks about this. The infrastructure demand for AI is becoming a large hole for the planet. Current data centers consume massive amounts of electricity and water to cool its servers, a problem that is aggravated with each new artificial intelligence model. Given this pressure, large technology explore alternatives: from Locate them in ships o Nordic countries until sink into the ocean. And of course, if we have capacity problems on Earth, some technological ones already think about taking the letter to send them to space. The technical advantages. In space, temperatures range between -120 ° C under direct sunlight and -270 ° C in shadow, which would greatly simplify equipment cooling. Constant solar energy would eliminate dependence on land electrical networks. Bezos places this development as’Natural evolution‘of a process that has already begun with weather and communications satellites. “The next step will be the data centers and then other types of manufacturing,” he explained. The real challenges. As they point out from Tom’s hardwarebuilding a spatial data center of a Gigavatio would require solar panels that would cover between 2.4 and 3.3 million square meters, with an estimated weight of 9,000 to 11,250 metric tons only in photovoltaic material. Transporting all that equipment to space would cost between $ 13,700 and 25,000 million with current technology, needing more than 150 launches. To this is added the difficulty of maintenance, updates and the inherent risk of space releases. Parallelism with AI. Bezos compared The current moment of artificial intelligence With the bubble Puntocom of the early 2000s. “We should be extremely optimistic about the social and beneficial consequences of AI,” he said, although he warned of the possibility of speculative bubbles. His message: Do not confuse possible excesses of the market with the reality of technological advances, whose benefits consider that “they will spread widely and reach everywhere.” When It will be done reality?. Bezos places the temporary horizon “in more than 10 years, but no more than 20”. Today, the project is commercially unfeasible, but its vision starts from the premise that the launch costs will continue to go down and the technology will mature. It remains to be seen, after two decades, part of our digital infrastructure is in orbit, beyond the existing one. In Xataka | Nvidia has control of the most powerful chips of AI: OpenAi, Broadcom and TSMC want to end their XPUS

There is a perfect storm with AI and data centers. And it will cause the DRAM and Nand memories to become a luxury

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A remarkable rebound to the prices of NAND memories (used in SSD units) and the drams of our PCs and laptops is coming. For two years users We have benefited From a time of bonanza in these components, but that ends. And the AI ​​and fever has the fault to create more and more data centers. When the memoirs were cheap. In March 2023 The prices of the NAND and dram memories were falling to lead. The pandemia had caused an extraordinary demand, but once the confinement ended, the situation was invested. The manufacturers had produced too much – waiting for the demand to remain – and found an exaggerated inventory. People no longer wanted so many memory modules or so many SSD units, and prices collapsed. AI changes everything (and this, too). The effects of that imbalance have been extended for two years, but the arrival of Chatgpt caused a Fever by the AI ​​that has ended up causing another fever: that of the data centers. These facilities use thousands of GPUS and these GPUS make use of huge amounts of memory. Above all, HBM memories that Since its creation They were oriented to business applications: they were much more expensive, but also much more powerful. Price evolution of SSD Samsung 980 Pro of 1 TB. In mid -2023 the units raised their lowest price. From there, the price began to rise. Source: Camelcamelcamel. Price increases will go to more. SSD units such as Samsung 980 Pro of 1 TB are a good example of what is happening. In Camelcamelcamel We can see that evolution of prices that marks minimal in mid -2023 and then rise. These units have been replaced by the 990 pro of 1 TB with an evolution less pronounced in the increasestrue (in fact, it is around 100 euros, an interesting price), but everything indicates that this curve will soon follow the tendency of its predecessor. The forecasts of the Trendforce consultant are clear: the DRAM and NAND memories are going to climb a lot and very fast. And the DRAM memories will also go up. The prediction is the same for the DRAM memories market that, for example, are used in the DDR4 and DDR5 memory modules of our PCs and laptops. According to Trendforce In the third quarter of 2025 – which has just begun – we will see a rise of more than 40% in DDR4 memory modules. In the case of GDDR5 memories we will have a break and the climb will reach 8%. Most expensive pcs and gaming. This type of increases especially affects the end users who buy PCs and laptops to work, but also to play. Memory modules for graphics cards will also notice this quarter notably according to Trendforce. The GDDR6 memories will do it up to 33% and the GDDR7 up to 10% according to their estimates. HBM memories to power. Data centers that now all large technological ones are rushing to build need huge amounts of memory, and that is conditioning the balance between supply and demand both in the business market and in the market for end users. In fact, memory manufacturers are increasingly focusing on focusing production on HBM memories – used in AI accelerators – and leaving traditional DRAM and Nand memories. Micron points out that its production of HBM modules for all 2026 It is already soldand SK Hynix seems to be in a similar situation: the demand for these modules is extraordinary. The Raspberry Pi as an example. We are already seeing the consequences of this type of movements. The Raspberry Pi, who had gathered memory modules during the bonanza season, were forced to raise the prices of the new models a few days ago for the shortage of memory. Thus, the Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 and 5 in their 4 GB variants rose five dollars, and those of 8 GB rose 10 dollars. The company’s own CEO, Eben Upton, explained that “memory costs about 120% more than it cost a year ago.” Why not create more memoirs? The solution seems obvious: if more memories are needed, more factories should be created. However, manufacturers are reluctant to this for several reasons. The first, the enormous cost of these plants, which amounts to tens of billions of dollars. The second, that these factories take years in come to produce. And the third, who do not want there is a “AI bubble” and this explodes would make them meet again with an exaggerated inventory and some factories that they no longer need. Bad matter. Image | Samsung In Xataka | Samsung has its greatest competitor at home. His future with the chips depends on his rivalry with SK Hynix

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