began

I have detected the exact moment in which things in Marvel began to fail and that has culminated in ‘Captain America’

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Until the weekend, when the public’s opinion begins to fly over the Internet (which in the end is the one who pays and the one that interests Disney, since the consensus of criticism and public they generated ‘Infinity War‘ and ‘Endey me‘It is unlikely to be repeated again), we will not know if’Captain America: Brave New World‘It is a failure or a triumph. What we can analyze is at what point in the history of MCU Things began to twist. The majority opinion. We can all be more or less agree that there is an MCU stage with a more or less positive balance (which goes from acceptable to the glorious, according to the fan’s enthusiasm) that begins in ‘Iron Man’ and extends until ‘ Endgame ‘. And from there, things began to twist, with stages 4 and 5 mainly disastrous that led to the first Marvel box office failures, to a possible “Superheroic fatigue“And at the time of current uncertainty. But there are nuances. Matiz one: Not the whole field is oregano. 23 films, which is said soon, make up the MCU from ‘Iron Man’ to ‘Endgame’ (well, to ‘Spider-Man: Far from home‘). It is statistically impossible for all to be round, and we cannot even agree on our appreciations. For example, for the signer ‘Iron Man 3’ it is one of the peaks of the MCU, many would say the opposite, and I think it was a mistake that Marvel did not continue to cultivate that way. And there are a multitude of bland films, which are celebrated just because they are in the context of very grossing productions and well considered: ‘Iron Man 2’, ‘Thor: The dark world’ or ‘Avengers: the era of ultron’ are some of them . Matiz two: Not everything is horrible from phase 4. And on the contrary, there are innumerable films (and series) to celebrate from ‘Endgame’: ‘Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of madness‘It is hilarious, and the generally hated’Quantumanía‘ either ‘The Marvels‘They are failed films but with a very claimable personality. And of course, there are multiple remarkable moments in ‘Wandavision‘,’Knight Luna‘ either ‘Agatha, who if not?‘ The authentic problem. The drama of phases 4 and 5 is that they do not have that very pleasant style of the first three stages of going in one direction and with a purpose. Perhaps it became like this, perhaps not, but the feeling that ‘Endgame’ is designed from the first appearance of the Avengers is there, and that does not exist in phases 4 and 5. Of course, there are threads that connect everything, like The theme of the multiversos, but there are many films (‘Shang-Chi‘,’Thor: Love and Thunder‘,’Wakanda Forever‘), which seem to air shots, as looking for new charismatic heroes that replace the Avengers. And as in ‘Brave New World’, the feeling that is a useless effort floats. The movie hinge. And Marvel’s first failure, ‘Eternals‘It is the key point. Marvel had loose films previously, and possibly any did not give up at the box office as they expected, but ‘Eternals’ is the first one that forced them to go back. They wanted the group to become a new avengers, but a team capable of supporting the weight of several films: they raised sub -brains that would last in other films, and new characters seen fleetingly, such as Starfox, of which we did not return namely. Marvel reculled in his plan, and the worst thing is that he saw that he could reculate and the public accepted it, which multiplied the test movies, the ideas that were isolated in a film and the failed experiments. A world that played the mirage of being compact and coherent became one where neglect and carelessness predominates. Header | Disney In Xataka | The first trailer of ‘The fantastic 4: first steps’ reveals the key ingredient for Marvel’s future: its villain

In 1995, a Peugeot 205 GTI crashed in Sweden. Then began a world revolution in road safety

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It is estimated that 9,344 people died in traffic accidents in Spain in 1989. It was a real barbarity and a historical peak that, luckily, it seems that is far from repeating. These last ten years, Spain has moved among the 1,145 deceased in 2023 and 1,873 of 2014. They are still too many and a problem that several countries have tried to address. One of them was Sweden, which in the 90s proposed the ambitious goal of ending road deaths on their roads. His plan was baptized as ‘Vision Zero’, and it is something that has not only been exported to the rest of the world, but has changed the way in which manufacturers and authorities address both the construction of vehicles and roads. The accident that changed everything. In BBC Podemos read The case that convinced the Swedish authorities to start raising better road safety measures. A car crashed near an exit ramp when I was on its way to Ikea. The accident occurred against a concrete post that protected a lamppost and fulfilled its function for furniture, but caused the five passengers to lose their lives. At that time of 1995, Claes Tingvall had already been promoted to the Head of Road Safety of the Swedish Administration and remembers two things: that driving a three -door Peugeot 205 GTI and that, with the wet road and surely due to the speed of the vehicle They did Aquaplaing. The limits of security. At that time, vehicle security technology focused on what he baptized as “measures to mitigate the second impact.” Manufacturers focused on safety measures such as better children, airbags and safety belts. Come on, passive measures that, in addition, did not take into account what happened outside the vehicle (such as pedestrians or obstacles). Tingvall told BBC that it was insufficient, since “the car cannot solve everything” and realized that road deaths from traffic accidents were a mixture between the car itself, driver’s behavior, the safety features of the safety of vehicle and road conditions. Measures. In fact, Tingvall believes that the authorities were responsible. The reason was that, when he went to the transport authority to ask what would be done after the accident, he was answered that they would quickly replace the concrete with … a new one. It was not enough, so Tingvall demanded to eliminate all these posts and create “clear areas” on the sides of the roads so that, if someone leaves, does not clash against a wall. The authorities were not very convinced, since this would be to admit that the road design was wrong. In addition, all criminal punishments were focused on the reckless driver, but little by little they convinced that something should change and raised a new road safety approach called … ‘Vision Zero‘. Swedish road of 2+1 ‘Vision Zero’. “How many deaths should we have a long -term objective?” That was the question that Tingvall’s policy and Minister of Infrastructure made to the official. His response was: “zero.” It is something that caught the minister to her surprise, but the movements to achieve this utopian target with a bill presented in the Swedish Parliament in 1997 began. The objective was to have zero deaths on the road and was something that involved not only cars drivers and manufacturers, but also the authorities. A clause was very clear in this, since officials could no longer design roads for idealized drivers that are never distracted or exceed the limit. Said like this: “If road users do not properly assume their part of responsibility, for example, due to the lack of knowledge or skills, or if personal injuries occur or there is a risk that they occur for other reasons, system designers must take measures additional to prevent people from dying or suffering serious injuries. “ “Do not pretend that there are laws that you know that everyone will comply with. You would never do that in aviation or in other areas where you really care about security ” – Claes Tingvall Strategies. Ok, the theory is fine, but what does ‘Vision Zero’ imply? The project is based on the maximum that life and health can never be exchanged for other benefits for society and support In four principles: Ethics: Road safety is a responsibility and no death or serious injury due to a traffic accident should be considered inevitable. Responsibility: Both system designers (which includes authorities, engineers and legislators) and road users share responsibility for road safety. Security: the human errors are inevitableso the system must be designed to minimize the consequences of these errors. Change You have to promote better systems, strategies, infrastructure and speed limits to reduce the probability of fatal accidents. Roads 2+1. Within these strategies when designing roads, programs such as “Roads 2+1” come into play. Its name can be enigmatic, but basically it is roads that are not highways/highways, but they have three lanes. Thus, there is a lane in the direction, but also a central one that is the one that is used alternately to advance, reducing the probability of a frontal collision. This is something that minimizes driver’s frustration, maneuvers such as “look” to see if you can advance and also reduce the amount of insecure maneuvers we perform on the road. It is something that is already being tested in several countries, including Spain with cases like that of the National 121-A in Navarra. And roundabouts. Another measures that proposes This strategy is one that is extremely common in European countries, but not so much in others such as the United States. And those are, for some, complicated roundabouts. The reasoning is simple: at a crossroad, there is always a route in which the speed is greater than in which it is crossed, so it is easier for there to be accidents. In a roundabout, although there may also be a mess due to the use of lanes and intermittent, all who approach the roundabout and circulate within it must … Read more

A year ago Barcelona began to fine those who walked loose dogs. It has more than 340 fines

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Throughout 2024 the agents of the Urban Guard of Barcelona imposed 341 fines For an infraction that has little to do with circular In an incorrect way or dirty the streets. No. The reason that (on average) made them get the ball almost daily was to meet neighbors who walked to their dogs without strap in areas that are not allowed to do so. The figure is interesting because 2024 was the first year in which the new restriction was applied. It is not known how much 341 fines were collected, but the norm provides penalties of Between 100 and 2,400 euros. The data: 341 fines. The figure He has revealed it The newspaper of Catalonia and It is confirmed By Betevé: Throughout 2024 the Urban Guard imposed 341 fines for people who walked their dogs loose through the streets, parks and other public spaces of the city. The data is interesting for two reasons. The first, its number. In Barcelona there are many dogs, it is estimated that Between 102,600 and more than 180,000depending on the source that is handled, but still 341 sanctions continue to assume almost one per day. Premiering ordinance. The second reason is that 2024 was the first year in which Barcelona applied its New Ordinance on pets, in which among other issues it is required when and where dogs can be released. Do not respect it translates into sanctions ranging from 100 to 300 euros or even They reach 2,400 In severe cases, such as walking a dangerous dog without a strap or buzal. The City Council began applying these corrections to offenders in December 2023when the moratorium that had applied until then. New sanctions, old norm. Actually the regulations on the pets of the Catalan capital is quite previous. The ordinance of protection, possession and sale of animals (OPTV) It was approved in Xabier Trias timesbut its application was accompanied by a conditioned moratorium to be resolved by certain slope fringes, such as the famous (and controversial) “Civic and Responsible Tendency Card”. Another pending measures was the creation of what was called “shared use zones” (ZUC), areas in which dogs could be loose certain hours a day. The idea, as its name indicates, is that in them the pets in freedom, their owners and other passersby. And how was it? The “Civic Tenure” card He did not go aheadbut in March 2023 The Barcelona City Council announced the final approval, the decree that defined the 225 spaces in the city for dogs, including the ZUC. Of course, the local government already warned that the new guidelines would take nine months to enter into force, which would not move into practice until December of that year. The exact date was on the 18th. From that moment on the police He started fine To the owners of the dogs that walk to their pets without respecting the ordinance. More than 900,000 m2 for walking. According to the calculations, then by the City Council, in Barcelona there are more than 900,000 square meters for the dog recreation, sum of the 116 “Pipicanes” That already existed, the 109 ZUC areas and the beach of Levant. The result, about 5.4 m2 per dog. “The threshold of a minimal recreation zone in each neighborhood is increased and it is achieved that 95% of the citizens who live with dog can have a space less than 10 minutes from home,” He presumed the session in 2023. In The 109 ZUC Dogs can walk unleashed, but adjusting to certain rules and only during certain time slots. The measure did not completely convince the owners of the dogs, who in 2023 complained that the number of areas without a strap was very limited. “They are poorly thought. There are concentrations of dogs well above the desirable,” He warned to The country A spokeswoman for Spanish. Less complaints. The first year of application of the ordinance and activation of ZUC areas in Barcelona leaves more than that balance of 341 fines. In fact The newspaper Precise that there is another much more positive reading: a sensitive fall in the number of complaints recorded by the presence of feces and urine in the streets. Analyzing equivalent periods of 2023 and 2024 verified that 4,341 to 3,955 was passed. In addition to brand new ZUC, the Consistory has decided to distribute bags and bottles for the urine. And in other cities? Barcelona is not the only city that has regulated how and where to walk pets. In Madrid for example The Ordinance It details that in public spaces animals must be accompanied and “driven by chain or resistant cord.” The norm It allows them to be loose, but only in areas limited by the City Council itself or in parks and gardens, although respecting schedules that change slightly winter to summer. Zaragoza is another example. The general rule It is that the dogs are subjects, although “exceptions” are contemplated, such as the spaces prepared by the Consistory or the landscaped parks and squares with some extension and have the approval of the local authorities. The owners must also respect certain schedules. As for sanctions, Barcelona Nor is it the only city ​​that It has fined Already to pet owners for leaving them loose without respecting the municipal ordinance. Images | Leah Hetteberg (Unspash) and Babak Habibi (UNSPLASH) In Xataka | The domestication of cats remains a mystery. But we are closer to knowing where and why it happened

In 536 the sun began to shine less than the moon. The small ice age began then began

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The year 536 is sometimes called “The worst in history”, But this year only marked the beginning of a small ice age. An era of about 15 years in which sunlight was almost unable to reach the surface of the earth. Small ice age. For years it has been discussed what happened in the year 536 that triggered the “small ice age of late antiquity” (Lalia) that lasted until the 550s. The volcanic eruptions of this year and 541 or comet dust had been considered as possible causes, but we had A third hypothesis: An unknown underwater eruption. From historiography to the rings of the trees. From this era of darkness we have record through different sources: some historiographic, such as medieval texts in which there is talk of a sunlight so faint that it barely stood out about that of the moon. Others, more “modern”, such as the analysis of Tree rings. These rings appear as a result of the oscillations in their growth rate, a consequence of the succession of the seasons of the year and factors associated with it, such as the abundance of water. Or the hours of light. The suspects. And the hours of light were not abundant at this time. The cause of this long winter of 15 years would have been in a denser atmosphere full of dust or gas that would have prevented solar radiation from reaching the northern hemisphere. However, we are not sure what our atmosphere overshadowed. Volcanic activity has been the main suspect in the case. We know that the most powerful volcanoes can expel gases in such quantity that they can alter the terrestrial climate, usually for short periods of time. During this decade and a half we had proof of three volcanic eruptions, a “cataclysmic” eruption in 536, caused by a volcano in Iceland; and two others also relevant in 540 and 547. However, there are experts who consider that these three eruptions were not the cause of this small ice age, something else was needed. Submarine volcano. And that “something” could have been an underwater volcano. Is The hypothesis defended by an American team of researchers composed of Dallas Abbott and John Barron. They reached this conclusion when studying Greenland ice samples in which remains of marine microorganisms of tropical waters were found. According to this hypothesis, underwater rashes would have led to the atmosphere not only the gases of these events but also remains of sediments and marine life. An underwater eruption would also have vaporized a large amount of water that would have passed to the atmosphere. Huge consequences. All this would have had severe socio -economic consequences. Historical records speak of years in which cereal crops did not even allow bread, or snowfall in full summer. Towards the year 541 the so -called “Plaga de Justiniano” began in Egypt First epidemic Black plague of the Middle Ages. In the Iberian Peninsula this period of darkness could have unleashed The first of the crises that would end up resulting in the fall of the Visigothic kingdom and the Muslim conquer. Image | NOAA/National Science Foundation In Xataka | We believed that the huge eruption of Hunga Tonga had something to do with global temperature records. We didn’t even get closer In Xataka | Something weird happens in the Teide: although experts do not see signs of eruption, they insist that you have to follow it closely

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