His new life in the shadow after Telefónica

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José María Álvarez-Pallete He joins the Glow Services Advisory Councilan American technology specialized in operators software. This is your first business position since left the presidency of Telefónica in January After 26 years in the Teleco. Why is it important. The signing reinforces Glow’s international strategy, which seeks to expand its presence among the great global operators taking advantage of the experience and contacts of the former Spanish director, who also presided over the world -world mobile employer GSMA until the beginning of 2025. Álvarez-Pallete left Telefónica in January, forced by the Spanish Government, TELECO SHAREHOLDER Through the SEPI with 10% of the capital. It was replaced by Marc Murtrawho until then presided Indra. Between bambalins. Glow’s executive president, Andrew Cole, It has described To Álvarez-Pallete as “a worldwide legend of the telecommunications sector” and stressed that its “intellect and deep knowledge of the market” will be key to boosting the growth of the company. Glow Services, based in Delaware, which It is not a fiscal paradise but almostit is defined as “the first provider of telecommunications in the cloud” and offers white brand platforms for global telecos, financing and exchange services of devices, applications in the telecos cloud, etc. In good company. Álvarez-Pallete joins An Advisory Council formed by former director of … AT&T Verizon British Telecom TV 2 Deutsche Telekom Virgin Media KPN And now what. The Madrid manager also maintains other institutional positions as a member of the Board of Trustees of the La Caixa Foundation, Advisory Counselor of Seat and president of the Employment Committee of the European Round Table of the Industry (ERT). Outstanding image | Telefónica In Xataka | 100 years after his birth, Telefónica faces the greatest existential dilemma in its history: what wants to be older

They improved their training and changed jobs

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Receive money every month without conditions And without having to justify what is spent, for decades, A controversial idea and difficult to imagine in practice. However, Germany decided to carry out one of the most ambitious experiments in the world to verify what really happens when it is offered A vital basic income To a group of people. The results of this study have been a success since, as has been demonstrated In other previous testsfar from discouraging labor improvement, it has improved it. Basic Vital Rent in Germany. He Pilot project of universal basic income in Germany was designed as a long -term scientific study and with a rigorous approach to the Mein Grondeinkommen organization, the German Economic Research Institute (DIW Berlin) and other academic institutions. The experiment has not only revealed data on the economic impact of universal basic income, but has also allowed us to observe how the lives of those who receive it change. From improvements in mental health to the influence of economic support in training and decisions to change jobs. The experiment. The test counted With a total of 122 people between 21 and 40 randomly selected, they already had previous income of between 1,100 and 2,600 euros per month, to which 1,200 euros per month were added from June 2021 to May 2024. Parallel, a control group of 1,580 people with similar sociodemographic characteristics was established, but who did not receive this additional income. The participants of the basic income group did not have any type of condition to receive those 1,200 euros per month, so they could work, study or not perform any work activity, and the money was delivered without inspections or deductions. The objective was to measure, in a precise way, how this financial support influenced in their personal and professional decisions. During the three years of the experiment, each of the 122 participants received a total of 43,200 euros. The control group, on the other hand, only received symbolic compensation for completing the periodic questionnaires of the study. More training, better jobs. One of the main fears of vital basic income is that the search for employment or professional improvement discourages. However, the study results German have shown just the opposite. A remarkable number of participants chose to invest that additional income in their training, either to improve their skills or to change the professional sector. In the first 18 months of the project, labor mobility and work satisfaction increased clearly. Even after this period, the beneficiaries of basic income reported higher job satisfaction levels, regardless of whether they had changed jobs or not. During the analysis period, the percentage of people who changed employment in the group of participants that received the 1,200 euros extra was higher than in the control group. As it happened In Finland’s testsfinancial security allowed many participants to dare to look for better paid jobs or with better working conditions. Less stress and reduction of medical casualties. The study too analyzed the effect of basic income on health and the psychological well -being of the participants. The data reveal that those who received the 1,200 euros per month experienced a significant reduction in financial stress and an improvement in your mental health. This positive effect also resulted in a decrease in the number of medical casualties and in a greater sense of control over one’s life. “Universal basic income can mean enormous savings in the health and social assistance system. Because people with mental stability can work more productively and innovatively,” assured Klara Simon, president of Mein Grdeinkommen, the German agency responsible for the experiment. In Xataka | Sam Altman has been giving millions of dollars in secret. Its objective: the biggest study on universal basic income Image | Mein Grundeinkommen (Fabian Melber)

A company has achieved the greatest advance of the toilet paper in 100 years. And he is shooting his sales

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There are many sectors where the margin of improvement is very wide and others where it would be said that everything is almost invented. Let’s put the toilet paper market as an example. Since his invention more than a few century ago they have changed. Yes, a few years ago the arrival of A “Luxury” versionand has even been used for other purposes (the last putting it in the refrigerator), But, in essence, its virtues and defects have remained. And suddenly, something seems to change. Silent revolution. For decades, the toilet paper It has been one of the most unalterable products of modern home, a routine as natural as invisible. However, under that apparent immobility there is a fierce technological career: large corporations have been perfecting this essential object through small but sophisticated innovations for years. As explained a few days ago The Washington Postthe most recent is possibly the most important and comes from the hand of Charminwhich after five years of research has replaced the classic straight drilling line with a undulating, in what call Smooth teara solution that seeks to solve such a mundane problem as universal: The damn unequal tear of the leaves. The company ensures that this minutia has triggered a 5 % growth in its business and a “significant level of delight” among users, demonstrating that even the most banal gesture can be optimized to the further detail. Engineering applied to touch. Far from being frivolity, innovation in toilet paper is the result of highly complex development processes. Explained the post that in laboratories by Procter & Gamble and Kimberly-Clarkengineers and designers have tried hundreds of prototypes evaluating parameters such as resistance, texture and water response capacity and use in different positions of the portarrolos, even considering whether the user is left -handed or right -handed. The curves of the new pattern are not ornamental, but the result of millimeter calculations on strength, traction angle and adaptation to the industrial process, where the technical challenge consists in creating a non -linear rupture line that is effective for the consumer, but robust enough to survive to the vertiginous rhythm of production machines. To get an idea, engineering behind this humble product includes rotary cylinders, synchronized teeth and strategically positioned anvils, a precision gear that the consumer never sees. When Nokia produced toilet paper Role, culture and hygiene. Modern toilet paper is surprisingly invention recent In human history. Although the paper has existed for more than two millennia (thanks to The ancient China), its use for intimate purposes did not popularize until the end of the 19th century. Before that, what would be at hand: leaves, rags, cobs, even store catalogs. Was Joseph Gayetty who in 1857 introduced the concept of “medicated” paper, although it was ridiculed by the modesty of the time. The real milestone arrived in 1890, when LThe Scott brothers They popularized the perforated roll, contributing comfort and hygiene to the daily ritual. Since then, each advance (however it seems) has responded to a persistent search for balance between functionality, cleaning and experience (even sensory), gradually raising the daily product to a subtle form of applied design. Innovation without rupture. Barry Kudrowitzproduct design expert, defined these types of changes such as “Incremental innovation”: lowercase improvements that do not alter the essence of the object, but optimize their use within the frame that the user already knows and accepts. As opposed to more disruptive solutions such as bidé (which still generates cultural resistances), the wavy toilet paper fits perfectly in consumer habits and finds its force precisely in its familiarity. If you want also, we are facing a change that does not ask to relear anything, but it offers A tangible benefitand that is why it is precisely so effective. In a saturated market, where almost all consumers already use “their” toilet paper, the only real growth route is to convince them that their brand makes it a little better, a little softer, or a bit more intelligent. Improve the practical. In short, the history of New undulating edge Charmin is, in essence, a metaphor of modern obsession for technical perfection in everyday life. It is not about reinventing the toilet paper, but about turning it into a product worthy of scientific attentioncommercial and cultural. The art of finding complexity in the simple, of applying high precision technology to an object whose destination, ironically, is disappear instantly. In a world where almost everything essential is already invented, the idea is accurate: refine the ordinary, reinvent the minimum and remind us that even the most bland gesture (that pull a hung roll next to the sink and that it comes out “perfect”) can be the fruit of years of engineering, design and effort. Image | Erik McLean, CATLEMUR In Xataka | Putting toilet paper in the refrigerator seems an absurd idea. This is what we know about its advantages In Xataka | Save toilet paper is possible and very easy: the question is why you want to do it

Strava has bought Runna. The Sports Social Network now has a fantastic application with training plans

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Strava, the social network of athletes par excellence with more than 150 million users, has announced the acquisition of Runnaa popular British application of training plans for runners launched in 2021. Why is it important. This purchase resolves one of Strava’s great ‘ This was a weak point for both beginners and veterans, who had to resort to other platforms. This movement is not only a strategic purchase, but a direct response to the world boom of the Running. In 2024 almost one billion races were registered in Strava, and according to Your datathe race on foot is the sport that grows the fastest global, with the Z generation leading this trend. What does Runna do. The Runna app, which I tried for months, asks for concrete objectives (finish a 10K, finish a marathon, run average marathon in less than 1:40 h, etc.) I already change both specific and adapted training plans, as a live guide of each plan. That is, if we start a training with Runna (present at Apple Watch or Garmin), we will guide us on our clock and also in our headphones on each part of the training, it will notify us if we are going too slow or too fast, of each change of rhythm that we have to do, etc. And now what. In the short term, both applications will continue to function independently, according to They have confirmed the CEO and co -founder of Strava and Runna respectively. Presumably, the first changes and integrations will arrive in the coming months. As a backdrop, two clear elements: The growing importance of Strava’s premium subscription (8 euros per month) with which to access a series of somewhat secondary functions. Limiting training plans to this subscription will make it much more attractive. Runna’s are 20 euros per month. Other recent purchases from Strava: Recover Athleticsan injury prevention application; and Fatmapa 3D maps platform. The expansion strategy in different areas of the digital fitness is evident. The big question. How are subscriptions going to now manage? If we look at the annual plans, Strava Premium costs $ 80 a year for the 120 that Runna costs. At the moment, users will need to maintain both subscriptions if they want to have access to “everything.” Runna uses Strava’s third parties to synchronize activities. It is expected that a better integration arrives. Michael Martin, CEO of Strava, has compared this purchase with that of Recover Athletics, which works separately but is free for Strava subscribers. Deepen. These types of purchases usually generate reactions found. In 2023, Strava had a confusing and controversial change in its subscription price And a few weeks ago that Garmin announced his subscription plan With a rather warm answer. Clearly Strava wants to be more than “the social network of sport” to offer more value directly to the athlete, and not just a social meeting point around training. In Xataka | After almost a decade with the Apple Watch I have spent a Garmin. And I have understood what I was losing me Outstanding image | Strava

O4-mini is much more than another model of AI. It is the Tesla Model 3 of OpenAI

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The last launch of OpenAI, the models O3 and O4-minihe says much more about his strategy than he seems to the naked eye. The greatness of this proposal-especially that of O4-mini-is not in Benchmarks nor in technical capacities, which also; but in the tactic that raises and that Remember a lot to which he made Tesla In a giant: First came Model sa luxury product that demonstrated what was possible, but accessible to few. 80,000 dollars. Then came Model 3surprisingly powerful but at a price that greatly expanded the market. 35,000 dollars, less than half than Model S but maintaining 80% of its key benefits. With O3 and O4-mini, OpenAi has executed a very similar movement for the world of AI. O4-mini costs just 1.1 dollars per million Tokens input and $ 4.4 per million departure. And offers a performance that rivals his older brother: 68.1% in Swe-Bench compared to 69.1% of O3which costs almost ten times more. This price-reference equation is no accident, but the aforementioned strategy that we have seen before. A “economic” product that democratizes premium capabilities and expands its potential market. O4-mini exceeds Claude 3.7 Sonnet (62.3% in Swe-Bench) costing much less. It is the best model in Aime 2024 and 2025 (elite mathematical contests) surpassing even major systems. Tesla analogy is reinforced when we see that O4-mini allows a user of Chatgpt plus ($ 20 per month) access capacities that previously required Pro subscriptions (200 per month) or Enterprise (thousands). And the master coup comes from integration. O4-mini is the first “mini” model capable of using all chatgpt tools: web navigation, run python code, analyze images and generate them. With a single affordable model, Openai is absorbing use cases for which several specialized suppliers had to be paid. Concrete examples: A startup that makes slate diagrams analysis for $ 50 per month, now competes against a system that does the same for $ 20 per month, and also solves mathematics, program and seeks information. Another that sells assisted programming tools for $ 30 per month faces an O4-mini that writes better code and also visualizes data. This explains Why Openai released O4-mini when Initially he had announced that would integrate this technology directly into GPT-5. The competitive pressure of Claude 3.7 Sonnet and Grok 3 He forced them to accelerate and have shown that they are willing to cannibalize their own premium products to maintain their dominant position. This reminds what Apple did with the iPod: it was not afraid to integrate it into the iPhone knowing that in a five years It would evaporate what generated 40% of its income. Advance or die. The key difference between O4-mini and alternatives such as Claude is very clear: while others offer larger models that consume more resources, OpenAi has achieved a compact model with sufficient performance for almost any practical task. In the same way as the Model 3 It did not need autonomy for 600 kilometers when 350 were enough for the majority, O4-mini does not need the last 5% precision when it already solves 95% of everyday problems. It is not just a technological strategy, but of scale economy: With each new user, the marginal cost decreases while the competitive advantage increases. And as Tesla, when the competition tries to react by copying its approach, Openai is already announcing its next movement. Of course, as is happening to Tesla, The Chinese threat In the medium term it is unpredictable. In Xataka | Openai’s hypothetical social network does not want to connect people. Want your data to train your AI Outstanding image | OpenAI, Xataka with Mockuuuups Studio

Grok will also remember all our conversations with him. The new generative AI tendency is already here

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XAI, Elon Musk’s company, has announced The incorporation of a memory function for its Chatbot Grok, which can now remember details of past conversations to offer more personalized answers. Why is it important. Memory integration is a huge step in the evolution of the AI ​​attendees, transforming them to tools for specific tasks to digital partners who learn and adapt over time. This update reduces Grok’s gap with its rivals. Chatgpt It has been offering a similar but newly improved function for some time to be able to refer to the entire user conversations history. Gemini also has persistent memory to customize your answers. In detail. This new function allows the assistant to retain previous interactions information. You will remember whether we told him that we only want to use Python to program or if we ask for advice to improve running from concrete MMPs. The function is available in beta through Grok’s website and its mobile applications, although it is not yet accessible to users in the European Union or the United Kingdom. The context. Grok 3 already stood out for its speed and intelligence, but as we said at the timeIt lacks elements that make it attractive to recurring and professional use, compared to competition options. I had nothing similar to projects, GPTS either Gems. It still does not have it, but at least now it goes further in product development with a persistent memory. Between the lines. The implementation of memory implies a huge change in human relationship. It allows you to move from the unique and state consultation model that characterized the first systems of AI towards more continuous relationships that are built over time, which they remember. The AI ​​attendees go from being specific tools to becoming digital partners who know our preferences, history and needs. How it works. XAI has emphasized transparency In memory management, allowing users: See exactly what information Grok remembers. Disable the function from the configuration. Eliminate individual “memories.” And now what. The question is whether Grok is going to get thanks to this novelty differentiates himself in an increasingly competitive space or if he will be relegated to punctual anecdote in a saturated market. Xai still has to show that Grok can make something differential and real useful on a day -to -day basis, not only in specific uses closest to hobby. This is a great step in that direction. Outstanding image | Grok, Xataka with Mockuuups Studio In Xataka | Founders of small startups and large technological ones already has something in common: they are millmillonarios thanks to the AI

The “natural wine” has become fashionable. There is a place where he takes centuries without so much hype: Mass

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In 83, Juan Pablo II visited the prison of Rebibbia, in Rome, and hugged Mehmet Ali Agcathe man who had tried to kill him a couple of years before the Plaza de San Pedro. In 89, a crowd accompanies the coffins of Jesuit parents killed in El Salvador. In 2016, in the middle of Holy Thursday, Francisco washed the feet of a group of refugees from the center of Castelnuovo di Porto … There are many iconic images around the Catholic Church. But for me the image that has impacted me the most happened a couple of years ago: when I saw the priest of my town, dressed in its clerriman, buying a tetra brick of red wine in the Mercadona. Had he found the origin of Mass wine? I had never wondered where the wine that was used in the Eucharist came from and, I suppose that for that reason, that image left me completely out of charge. And as normal, a question immediately approached me: “Was it possible that this was the wine that was used in Mass?” The answer, in case there is any questions, is: no. And here this article could end: with an anecdote of Berlanga that ends “fish -shaped“But no. Because, little by one that one starts to investigate, the history of sacred wine is really interesting. Sacred wine? Although it is true that the Catholic Church (and Christianity in general) has done a lot to take wine to any corner of the world, the sacred history of this type of broths is very long. In fact, Jesus of Nazareth came to ‘resignify’ a good handful of religious signs of common use. What is true is that it is not causality that most historical vineyards are on ecclesiastical terrain. Nor is it a coincidence that the development of the wine industry is intimately related to the comings and goings of the missionaries. Nor that the Vatican is the country that consumes the most from the world (about 45,000 liters a year for its 800 inhabitants). Wine and church have always been closely linked. And, for that reason, not any wine is worth it. Over the centuries, different criteria have been developed to know if a wine was likely to be used in the Eucharist. It is something that has been discussed extensively even in councils Like Florence of 1438. However, it was not until the nineteenth century when the Church (with the industrialization of the world of wine) began to take the idea of ​​establishing criteria that ensure the liturgical purity of wine. In fact, until 1959, as was the case with other things such as togas or candles, there were ecclesiastical certificates very difficult to achieve. The first certified wine was, in fact, Spanish. Prepared by Augusto de Müller Ruinart de Brimont, an Alsacian Even today is a reference in the sector. Maybe Do not be the best sellingworse is the one who has the most history (and It costs less than seven euros). In search of purity. The current Roman Missal is quite clear Around the wine that can be used: “It must be the result of the mature or passage grapes and without artificial additions such as preservatives, dyes, sugars, clarifying or juices. On the other hand, sulphites such as antioxidants or wine distilled to increase alcohol content, which should not exceed 18 degrees,” are allowed to add. The idea is to produce a wine that looks, in one way or another, which it has been using since time immemorial. The problem is that this means challenges that new wine techniques and enologies try to solve: The natural wine boom is part of the same game. Innovation that a bottle of natural wine can be surprising is still surprising. The color and taste depend on the winery. And from which he buys it. A background lesson. Because beyond the curiosity of who produces a product like this, the history of Mass wine tells us about how technological development is truffled with values, ideologies, religious beliefs and social configurations. Here it is seen in a simple way (the composition of the wine consumed by millions of people is discussed in ecumenical councils), but it is not so different from what operates in the natural wine that so fashionable has been put. Not many of the technological decisions of our day to day. History is always more complicated than it seems. Image | Mateus Campos Felipe In Xataka | Andalusia is very proud of its Holy Week. So much that he wants to start teaching it in schools

What are they and how to manage or delete the key data that you remember about you and use in all chats

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Let’s explain What is the chatgpt memory and howa system with which artificial intelligence remembers several key data about you. Because now Chatgpt remembers things you talked in the past, and will take them into account to use them in the future. We are going to start the article explaining what exactly is the chatgpt memory, telling you what it is for and putting some examples about your operation. Then we will tell you How to manage stored memories that you have from your chats to be able to erase some or all. What is the chatgpt memory Chatgpt is now capable of Remember useful information about you that is extracting from the conversations you have with him. For example, if in any conversation you tell him what your musical tastes are or where you work, the AI ​​will remember this information to use it in future chats. Each data of interest that Chatgpt keeps on you is a memory, and the chatbot stores memories with which to have these relevant data. The idea is to be able to Offer more personalized and relevant answers taking into account the context of the data about you. For example, something funny that happened to me. At a specific moment I spoke with Chatgpt about a musical group that I liked a lot. I said it passed, I think that to ask for some illustration or drawing with his name. He recalled this, and a few weeks later I asked to reimagine a photo of mine in the Ghibli style, and in the drawing he put me with the shirt of this band. There are two ways in which Chatgpt stores memories. First, it can be from normal conversations when you mention key data. But also You can ask you to remember something telling him to remember something, saying for example “remember that my favorite color is black.” You have control over Chatgpt’s memories, and you will be able to eliminate them individually or reset all erasing them. You can also deactivate this function so that you do not remember things or using what is remembered. And if you have it activated but want to start a chat that does not take into account the memoryyou can do it with the option to start a temporary chat. How to review and eliminate memories To review and manage the memories stored in chatgpt, you have to enter the configuration of this artificial intelligence. You can do it from its official website or from mobile and computer applications. Once within the configuration, Enter the section of Personalization. Here, under custom instructions You have the options for Memory. You can deactivate referring to the stored memoirs in the event that you do not want them to be used in your chats, and below you will have the option of Manage memories. If you click on Manage memorieswill be shown A list with all stored memories In chatgpt. In it, you can read what you are remembering in each one, and you will have to the right the option to erase the ones you want. You also have a button to eliminate everything if you want to forget everything you are remembering. In Xataka Basics | How to translate a sign, sign or any text with chatgpt, even asking you to explain it to you

If the question is which car will not leave you lying on the road, the German experts are clear: the electric

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More and more drivers They bet on electric cars And, with it, the Reports about your reliability They become more precise and complete because they provide more real data on the wear of their pieces over time. He last analysis of the ADAC, The main automobile club in Germany has thrown surprising data on the frequency of roads on the road, comparing electric and combustion vehicles. We have a clear winner. Thrown on the road. He ADAC studymade from millions of road assists, reveals that electric cars have a lower breakdown rate than their fuel or diesel combustion counterparts. This data is essential for those looking for a reliable car and with less possibilities of stay on the road. The analysis is based on 3.6 million road assistance operations, of which only 43,678 went to electric cars, which represents only 1.2 % of the total. Although the percentage of electric cars in circulation is much lower than that of combustion cars, the fault ratio remains well below compared to the thermal models of the same antiquity. The data leave no doubt. Adac data has only taken into account cars of which, at least, 7,000 units have been enrolled in Germany in the last two years, which leaves a sample of 160 models of 20 brands other than two and nine years old. If vehicle data is compared four years old, the Road Assistance Service It served 8.5 electric cars damaged by every 1,000 existing cars, compared to 12.9 combustion cars per 1,000. For cars between two and four, the difference is even greater: a ratio of 3.8 breakdowns per 1,000 electric versus 9.4 per 1,000 combustion cars. These numbers show that the electric ones fell half that the thermal models. A simpler mechanic, less breakdowns. The main reason for this difference lies in the Mechanical simplicity of electric cars. Having less mobile components and mechanical systems, there is less likely to suffer a breakdown that requires road assistance. For example, electricity do not have traditional gearbox or complex exhaust and cooling systems, which significantly reduces critical fault points. However, the most common breakdown in both types of vehicle remains the 12V auxiliary battery that tends to be downloaded more easily due to use in starting systems and the greatest demand for electronic systems. In the electric, 50% of the faults are related to this component, while in combustion the 45% of the assists. Tesla leaders, Hyundai to the tail. The ADAC report also analyzes reliability by brands and models. The data show that Tesla is the brand with less incidents registered. Thus, the Tesla Model and has a ratio of only 0.9 breakdowns per 1,000 units and Model 3 drops to 0.5 faults per 1,000. Other highlighted models in this section are the Volkswagen ID.4 with a ratio of 1.0 and the Audi Q4 e-tron with 0.7 failures per 1,000 vehicles. On the opposite side, as a vehicle with more registered assists, there is the Hyundai Ioniq 5, which in two -year -old cars has registered 22.4 breakdowns per 1,000 vehicles. Discordant notes. Toyota, considered one of The most reliable brands In different reliability rankings, it obtains a alarmingly high assistance ratio in its Yaris and Yaris Cross models. According to the study authors themselves, Toyota has already taken letters in the matter indicating that it is an incidence in the 12V battery configuration that discharged them, but that was solved in the new units produced in 2024. The data obtained by ADAC contrast with the Obtained in the Itv German (Tüv), where the Tesla Model 3 was the electric with the most failures detected, especially in headlights, brakes and suspensions, being below brands such as Dacia in general reliability according to this organism. The electric approve with note. The electric car market is relatively recent, so Adac clarifies that its conclusions are based on data data with an age of between 2020 and 2023, many of them being the first versions of their models. That leaves a current photograph but still limited in time. As increase the electric car park and These vehicles agethe records will be increasingly precise and complete, allowing to detect problems of long -term reliability. However, these results already allow an idea of ​​the reliability offered by the electric car and the evolution it will have in the coming years. In Xataka | Elon Musk dismissed the security experts of autonomous vehicles: they were the same ones that should regulate Tesla cars In Xataka | The most exclusive BMW of his time did not create BMW: Volkswagen created it to devise an ultra -polishing “secret motor” Image | Xataka

We thought they were the red color in a galaxy he indicated that he was dead. There are those who believe we are wrong

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A simple and useful way of knowing if a galaxy is old or if on the contrary it is full of new star formations is in its color. The rule is simple: the most reddish galaxies are usually older; The most bluish, young. Young and red. Now a researcher at the University of Missouri has raised a third waythe possible existence of reddish but still alive colored galaxies, that is, in the process of forming new stars. Among other implications, this could mean that our universe forms even more stars than we thought. Red or blue. Galaxies are usually categorized according to the color of their stars. Blue stars usually shine with more force for less time, so when the blue tones predominate we know that new stars are still forming. The stars with warmer tones resist more so when a galaxy dies, that is, when it stops creating new stars, these more reddish stars are what remains. However, there is something that escapes us in this hypothesis. According to Charles Steinhardt, author of the new study, this model raises certain inconsistencies, for example in the ratios between stellar masses and masses of black holes, and enters the initial mass functions of red and blue galaxies. What if they are not dead? In An article Posted in the magazine The Astrophysical JournalSteinhardt raises the existence of a different category, red and young galaxies. The key would be in the fact that in these galaxies, the stars formed would be of less dough and that therefore, also the youngest would shine with reddish tones. “The red -star formants mainly produce little dough stars, which would make them look red despite the permanent births of stars,” Explain in a press release Steinhardt. Birth and fusion. One of the keys to this hypothesis is in the post-stallid galaxies (Post-Starburst). The galaxies can go from being young stars producing to lifeless galaxies in two ways. The first, through a slow and natural evolution; the second, after a burst of stars (Starburst). When two galaxies collide, the subject of both meets, accelerating the accumulation process that gives rise to new stars. This makes the galaxy go through a stage of rapid stars formation, a stage that leaves the galaxy without fuel. In his hypothesis, Steinhardt raises the possibility, that some of these galaxies have been forming red and small stars from the beginning, and not being the result of a burst. This possibility would imply, Explainhave to reclassify some of the galaxies we know. More stars. The new hypothesis postulates that red galaxies continue to create new stars which in turn implies that our universe produces even more stars than those we believed. “The existence of these galaxies can mean that the universe has formed a significantly greater number of stars than before,” Steinhardt defends. The galaxies are complex formations and we may still notice important details about them. Details such as the details of their life cycles, adds the researcher. In Xataka | The James Webb has found a galaxy when the universe was 330 million years old. Hide an entire enigma Image | Este/Hubble & Nasa, J. Kalirai, A. Milone

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