We have found 76 megatraps in the Andes. It’s amazing we hadn’t done it before.

Beyond being an imposing mountain range, the Andes were one of the great hotbeds of civilization. In their complex networks of passageways they developed highly organized societieswith cultures such as the Caral, Chavin, Tiwanaku or Moche that preceded the powerful inca empire. The most impressive thing is that we continue to discover the secrets of these civilizations and we have just found 76 stone structures that not only represent advanced technology. They also confirm that there were authentic technical laboratories in the passageways of the Andes. In short. In a article published in the magazine Antiquity Researcher Adrián Oyaneder, an archaeologist at the University of Exeter, details how, by analyzing high-resolution satellite images belonging to a remote area of ​​the Camarones River basin, he found a series of structures that were repeated. Using images of both Sentinel-2 as of Google Earththe archaeologist combed more than 4,600 km² and found 76 ‘chacus‘. “My reaction when I saw the first chacu was to check it twice or even three times. I thought it was something unique, but as I went along I realized that they were everywhere in a quantity never before recorded in the Andes,” comment. It seems important, but… what corks are those ‘chacus’? The ‘chacus’. It is a term that comes from traditional Inca practices and, basically, they are very specific constructions. Its characteristics are: Funnel shape consisting of two long dry stone walls that converge to form a corridor that gradually narrows. Dimensions of about 150 meters long and one and a half meters high. Locations that seem strategic, since they are built on steep slopes between 2,800 and 4,200 meters above sea level. Not even if they were coffee plantations… So that? That’s the second question. They were traps. Traps for vicuñasspecifically. It is a relative of the alpacas and what the hunters did was urge the herds to move to the chacus, which with its funnel shape trapped the animals. But those traps could not be left by the hand of God, and Oyaneder continued searching until he found what he was looking for: traces of life. In the vicinity of the chacus, the archaeologist identified almost 800 small-scale settlements that consisted of several shelters built of stone and circular in shape. He estimates that they would be temporary camps, since human groups moved strategically through the highlands following the rhythm of the seasons. During the humid months in which the pass flourished, the settlers would go to the higher areas, but when these dried out, they descended, hunting vicuñas and, probably, some early form of agriculture. The estimate from Oyaneder is that some of these traps are about 6,000 years old. Implications. Finding 76 of these megatraps in one fell swoop is fascinating, but more important than the discovery is seeing how it fits into the story we knew until now. The Andes are a hostile environment and having discovered these structures implies that primitive Andean cultures had great resilience to adapt to the difficulties of the mountains. It also suggests that large-scale hunting coexisted with the development of pastoralism and agriculture in the region. Convergent evolution. It is now being analyzed whether the chacus represent the hunting systems at this scale oldest in the Andes, but something interesting is that there are parallels with structures that are thousands of kilometers away. An example, the ‘desert kites’ of Western Sahara: large ‘V’-shaped stone structures that were used to hunt gazelles or antelopes in a way very similar to that of Andean civilizations. It is curious that two civilizations without contact developed such similar megatraps, but it is not that strange and it is a phenomenon called “convergent evolution.” In any case, the discovery of these 76 structures in the Andes once again puts on the table that the 3D techniques and high-resolution satellite images make investigating remote, huge or difficult-to-access areas easier. Images | Antiquity In Xataka | The Incas did not need writing to forge an empire. And we are closer to solving the key object in your organization

If you thought the AI ​​bubble was worrying, it’s because we hadn’t entered its next phase: debt

Big technology companies have issued $75 billion in bonds and loans between September and October 2025: Meta leads with 30,000 million. Followed by Oracle (18,000 million in bonds plus a loan of 38,000 million). And Broadcom (27 billion). The figure is equivalent to what these three companies used to borrow in an entire year. Why is it important. The shift from liquidity to debt marks a turning point in the AI ​​race. For years, these companies financed their infrastructure with cash flows, but now they are resorting to debt: Debt not linked to bonds has gone from 15% to 30% of its capital. The money trail. Oracle has closed the largest syndicated loan (a joint loan by several banks to a single client) in its history: 38 billion for data centers. Meta, for its part, is allocating its 30,000 million to campuses in Virginia and Oregon. And Broadcom uses them to strengthen its semiconductor division and its network equipment. The threat. Paying the interest on all this debt now consumes 15% of these companies’ operating profits, compared to 10% a year ago. And the cost of borrowing has risen: corporate bonds are near their most expensive levels since 2022. If the energy bill rises by 20% – a more than likely scenario given the stress on electrical networks – or if AI does not generate the expected revenue, these companies could see their credit rating reduced and trigger a chain crisis. Yes, but. Large investors continue to buy these bonds, attracted by returns of 6%. Money flows because official interest rates are at 3.75%so lending to these technology companies seems like a good deal. The problem is that any sudden change in rates can make these bonds lose value. And fast. At stake. Debt finances the AI ​​revolution, but also makes it more fragile and technology companies continue to increase their investment. If inflation returns or profits fail, the same debt that accelerates innovation could become a liability. Investors, meanwhile, continue to win; but they assume the risk of the storm. In Xataka | Apple is resisting the push for AI PCs because AI PCs have caused complete indifference Featured image | Towfiqu barbhuiya

Russia has up to four unpublished robots in a war. We hadn’t seen Ukraine’s response: Flamingo

The war in Ukraine has resulted in a Technological competition that transcends aerial drones: the land front has become a improvised laboratory of unmanned vehicles, where both kyiv and Moscow are looking for formulas for Replace deficiencies human and logistics with Mechanical ingenuity. Russia is accelerating its own program with designs ranging from the rudimentary to the unusual, all aimed at gaining time, confusing the enemy and compensating the high wear of personnel in the front. Ukraine has Flamingo. Improvised prototypes. It We count some time ago. Among the most striking “robotic” examples The “Termit”a four -wheelbound buggy presented by Prorruse channels Like an assault drone. Actually, it does not carry integrated weapons, but a chair in which it can Travel a soldier completely exposed, with additional space to transport water, food or ammunition. Another design observed on the battlefield proved to be little more than a Open box on wheelsdestined to carry provisions, but destroyed by a Ukrainian drone of first person vision before fulfilling its mission. These models, although rudimentary, reflect an effort to adapt minimal resources to the demands of mechanized war. Launch rockets without humans. More ambitious is the proposal of a system of Non -manned multiple randomwhose models circulated in specialized media show it capable of firing ten ammunition autonomously. Inspired by him Soviet coughalthough with a third of its tubes, this prototype suggests an attempt to transfer heavy artillery to the field of robotic systems, eliminating human risk in saturation operations and adding one more layer to the war at a distance. Themit Explosive Hoverboards. Perhaps the most unusual facet of this experimentation is the Hoverboards use converted into platforms for Carry explosive loads or anti -tank mines. In April, Russian military bloggers videos They showed Prototypes manufactured with simple consumer scooters, adapted as kamikaze vehicles, smoke systems, observation platforms and even for demining work. Its low cost and stability provided by gyroscopes make them suitable to be mass producedwhich makes these improvised solutions a threat multiplied by the possibility of deploying hundreds of units simultaneously. The drone. Another outstanding development is The “dronobus”presented by the state agency TASS, an unmanned vehicle conceived as “nodriza ship” of drones by fiber optic cable, with the capacity to operate two units at the same time with 15 kilometers of reach. This type of platform points to an integration model, in which unmanned land vehicles do not act in isolation, but as nodes of an autonomous weapons network capable of coordinating on the battlefield. Russian drone kyiv’s answer. For its part, Ukraine has revealed the existence of flamingoa land cruise missile with a declared range of 3,000 kilometers and an eyelet of more than one ton, capable of putting under direct threat to Moscow, St. Petersburg and even certain regions of Siberia. According to initial information disseminated by the Ukrainian press and confirmed visually In videos of launches From mobile ramps, the missile would have already been used in attacks within Russian territory. Its production is in charge of the company Fire Point and is presented as the most ambitious long -range system developed so far by kyiv, with a destructive potential higher than that of any previous weapon in its arsenal. The enigma of its origins. Flamingo keeps an almost exact similarity with the FP-5, a cruise missile exhibited by the Emiratí Milanion companythat in the past already supplied material to the Ukrainian forces. The FP-5 has sub-seonic speed specifications of up to 950 km/h, a wingspan of six meters and a maximum take-off weight of 6,000 kilos, with an eyelet of a ton. In addition, it includes mixed guidance systems that combine satellite and inertial navigation with protection against electronic warfare. Although it is not confirmed if flamingo is a direct variant of the FP-5 or an independent development inspired by it, the coincidence in technical parameters and design is difficult to ignore. Comparisons. Analysts They have compared Flamingo with historical referents such as V-1 flying pump German or the American missile MGM-13 MACEboth cruise systems launched from terrestrial ramps during the cold war. Also remembers in certain aspects the old Soviet Drones Tu-141 and TU-143converted by Ukraine into long -distance attack weapons. However, what differentiates flamingo is magnitude of its reachwell above the previous Ukrainian alternatives, and its explosive load capacity, which places it in a strategic category similar to that of the Russian Kalibrfrequently used by Moscow from ships and submarines, although with a minor radius. Strategic impact The appearance of Flamingo gives Ukraine a tool that alters the balance of fire scope against Russia. Its scope covers practically All the heart From the Russian territory and, in theory, it would allow devastating attacks against air bombers, energy infrastructure and key logistics centers. In addition, being a National Development And not a system delivered by Western allies, Ukraine would have full freedom to use without the political limitations that weigh on weapons Like Storm Shadow, Scalp-EG either Atacms. In other words, it makes the missile an element with great military and diplomatic value, since it demonstrates the Ukrainian capacity to innovate and manufacture strategic weapons on their own. Mass production A key aspect of flamingo is the possibility of manufacturing it in series at a relatively low cost, According to their developers. If Ukraine managed to produce large quantities, he could launch waves of missiles combined with drone swarms, saturating the Russian aerial defenses that have already demonstrated difficulties in curbing minor attacks. Although Flamingo lacks rankiness and, being subsonic, it is not immune to interceptionthe volume of fire could overload Moscow’s ability to respond. Plus: The incorporation of lures and other deception tactics would increase its operational lethality. Perspectives and limits. It remains to be seen How far Ukraine can materialize the potential of Flamingo. Its effectiveness will depend not only on the technical perfection of the system, but above all on the industrial capacity to manufacture it in significant numbers. If kyiv manages to do so, he will have for … Read more

I hadn’t played a folding mobile for four years and I have flipped with Samsung’s new

Due to the circumstances of the work (and of life), since the end of the summer of 2021 did not have a folding mobile at my analysis table. It was then that I analyzed the Samsung Galaxy Z fold3 and the Samsung Galaxy Z Flip3two models that already seemed to me that they had improved a lot with respect to their predecessors. For a couple of days I am in New York on the occasion of the Galaxy Unpacked and confirmed it: I have flipped with the new Galaxy Fold7 and Flip7. So much, that They have changed my mind. This fold yes Samsung Galaxy Z Fold3 and Galaxy Z Fold7 Although with fold3 they had already refined the design, it still seems quite brick. When I folded it, The feeling was to have two mobiles in the handNot one. In fact, this was what least convinced me of this format. In the end we are not going to display the mobile every time we want to look at it and the folding thickness was very uncomfortable. In addition, the exterior screen was too elongated and the format was strange. For all this I liked the concept of flip much more: fold to transport it, but when we want to use it we open it and we have a normal mobile. When I saw the fold7 galaxy, I had to look twice to make sure, but the best came when folding it and checking that already It feels like a normal smartphonewithout strange format or impossible thickness. In fact, being folded, I could go through any galaxy s if we don’t look at the edge. Fold7 has a thickness of 8.9 millimeters when it is folded, only 0.7 millimeters more than the Ultra Galaxy S25. If we compare it with the latest model he had tried, the jump is brutal: fold3 had a thickness of 16 millimeters folded and weighed 271 grams. Has lost 7 millimeters and 56 gramswhich is said soon. The external screen that Flip deserved Samsung Galaxy Z Flip3 and the Samsung Galaxy Z Flip7 When I tried flip3, the format convinced me much more than that of fold; He had not been able to put a mobile in his pocket without stood out almost half. However, although it was very comfortable to transport it, I had a problem: With the closed mobile we could not do almost anything. That model had already expanded the screen of the first generations, but it was still a small window where we could see the notifications and little else. The jump with Flip7 is brutal, both in size and quality. The screen occupies the entire front and has been drilled to place the cameras, reaching 4.1 inches diagonally and a 1.048×948 resolution. In addition, the refreshment rate is 120Hz. For its part, the FLIP3 had a small 1.9 -inch screen with 260×512 resolution. The bad thing is that the functions are still limited, that is, we cannot use any app from here. The jump with Flip7 is brutal, both in size and quality. The screen occupies the entire front. The design has also improved and is thinner and light, but here the difference is not as abysmal as with fold. Deployed has a thickness of 6.5 millimeters and in Flip3 it was 6.9 millimeters, where it shows the most is when closing it, going from the 17 millimeters of the flip3 to only 13.7 millimeters. The secret is in the hinge that Finally, the screen folds totally without leaving a space. As I said, Flip was my favorite, but seeing the evolution of both models in these four years, I have changed my mind. My fold complaints have been solved, while Flip has not improved so much and has been a little stagnant. If I had to choose a folding today, it would be the fold without a doubt. The competition has spurred Samsung It would not be fair to compare Samsung only with herself and with the advantage that four years of evolution give her. Although they were pioneers, other brands entered the folding market later and managed to improve those negative aspects of those that Samsung has cost to part. An example is the outer screen of the flip, which finally occupies the entire front but it is something we already saw a year ago in the Motorola Razr 50 Ultra. As for the thickness, if we only compare it with fold3, the difference is abysmal, but the reality is that there have been marks that have advanced to Samsung. Honor surprised us more than a year ago with the Magic V2 Honor and its 9.9 millimeters thick (folding). We also have the OPPO N5 announcerohace just a few days, honor announced the Honor Magic V5 that goes down to 8.8 millimeters and The possibility of advertising as a finer folding in the world has stolen to Fold7. Instead, it is “the thinnest fold to date.” Something is something. The bad of renewing every year The surprise effect on the releases of new mobiles has long abandoned us. More and more continuous mobiles that barely change Regarding the previous generation already often We wonder if it makes sense to maintain this frequency of launches. It makes sense from the point of view of business strategy, but what we are looking for is that there are substantial changes, it does not have it. What happened to me after these four years away from folding is the perfect example. He spoke with colleagues that have followed all the presentations of Samsung’s folding and It didn’t seem so innovative. The thinness of fold7 was the most commented, but little else. In the end it will turn out that the secret for us to freak out with the new mobiles is to spend a few years “in a coma.” Images | Amparo Babyloni, Xataka In Xataka | 10 years ago, Samsung was the ugly duckling of Android software. Now is the … Read more

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