competition

will no longer pause dangerous models if the competition releases them first

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Anthropic is in the middle of an important issue with the Pentagon in the United States that may end up shaping the future of the company. Founded with security as its reason for being, it has just rewritten the rules that defined it. And his “Responsible Scaling Policy“, the document that established when to stop the development of a model that is too dangerous, has evolved into a mere roadmap with flexible objectives. And this change is much more important than it seems. Not only for Anthropic, but for the rest of the industry. Let’s get to it. What exactly has changed. Until now, Anthropic policy stated that the company would pause training or delay the launch of a model if its capabilities exceeded the speed at which sufficient safeguards could be developed. That is to say: if the model was too powerful to be controlled safely, it was stopped. This is over. And it is that the new policy removes that automatic braking mechanism and replaces it with a series of public commitments, along with regular third-party audited risk reports. The change was confirmed by the company itself in an official statement. Why have they done it? The company gives two main reasons. The first is the competitive environment: OpenAI, Google and xAI advance without those types of restrictions. “We didn’t feel it made sense to make unilateral commitments if competitors are moving full speed ahead,” counted Jared Kaplan, chief scientific officer at Anthropic, told Time. The second, as it could not be otherwise, is political: Washington has turned its back on AI regulationand Anthropic acknowledges on its blog that the current anti-regulatory climate makes its own safeguards asymmetrical with respect to the rest of the sector. Paradox. From Anthropic’s point of view, it is not a renunciation of security, but a decision made based on it. Their reasoning: if the actors who are more responsible (they fall into this bag, logically) stop while the less careful ones move forward, the net result is “a less safe world.” The logic has a certain coherence, but it also means accepting that security depends on what the competition does. And that is a very dangerous game. Context. Anthropic was founded by former OpenAI executives, including Dario Amodei, who left that company precisely because they believed that it did not pay enough attention to the risks of AI. The new policy comes at a time when several security researchers have left the company. Just like shared Wall Street Journal, one of them, Mrinank Sharma, wrote a letter to his colleagues this month saying that “the world is in danger” because of AI, before announcing his departure. In fact, according to sources close to the media, his departure would be partly related to this decision. What’s happening with the Pentagon?. The announcement comes in full tension with the Pentagon. US Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth gave Anthropic an ultimatum the same Tuesday that the policy change was made public: modifying its red lines on the use of Claude or risk losing a $200 million contract with the Department of Defense. Anthropic has made it clear that both issues are independent, but the temporal coincidence has not gone unnoticed. What remains of the security policy. It is not a total abandonment. Anthropic remains committed to delaying the development or deployment of “highly capable” models in specific circumstances, and is committed to publishing detailed, externally verified risk reports every three to six months. The company also now separates its own internal guidelines from its recommendations for the rest of the sector, implicitly acknowledging that the commitment to a “race to the top”, which other companies are adopting, has not worked as expected. Cover image | Wikimedia Commons and Anthropic In Xataka | The US has a message for AI companies: if necessary, that AI belongs to the State

The Government applauded Repsol’s discounts in the midst of the gasoline crisis. Competition the fine now with 20.5 million for them

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February 2022. Spain is still suffering the economic consequences of the coronavirus crisis. After two years with workers suffering ERTES, Russia invades Ukraine and a war breaks out that we continue to suffer four years later. Immediately, the economy of the entire continent is reeling. Basic products skyrocket in price and, among them, fuel enters a runaway inflationary race. One that, in turn, once again raises the prices of basic products. February 3, 2022 we counted on Xataka that gasoline was more expensive than ever. We paid 1,538 euros per liter. 24% more than the previous year. In summer we were close to two euros per liter. By then the Government had launched its action plan. After a transport strike and with France applying state aid to the purchase of gasoline, the State began to subsidize with 20 cents/liter the purchase of fuel for all drivers. The measure only proved to be a plug through which water leaked. In summer the most pessimistic voices already pointed to a price of up to three euros per liter in gasoline. The pump price, fortunately, did not reach that point. In fact, that same summer another war began. This time at the service stations. And although the price of gasoline continued to rise to the point that at the till We were paying 1.80 euros for each liter again, The big oil companies brought out all their weapons: points cards, temporary discounts, loyalty plans… Movements that hid something that the CNMC already warned about that same summer: the big oil companies were getting rich. Now, it is the same CNMC that has made a decision: to fine Repsol 20.5 million euros. Abuse of power against competitors The CNMC has confirmed a sanction of 20.5 million euros to several Repsol Group companies and punishes them with disqualification from participating in public contracts for six months on the understanding that they abused their position of power to narrow profit margins with the intention of driving competitors out of the market. Competition defends that the discounts applied during the year 2022, which at the time were applauded by the Governmentthey narrowed the profit margins in the sale of fuel to the point of preventing companies selling low-cost fuel from competing on equal terms. The CNMC alleges that “competition law requires that companies in dominance position are especially responsible for not restricting competition. They assure that after various complaints they went to the Repsol Group service stations at the end of 2022 and that at the end of 2023 They initiated the disciplinary proceedings with the information collected. In the investigation. The behavior of Moeve, then Cepsa, and BP was also analyzed. However, only Repsol has been sanctioned. From the company, they point out in Five Daysassure that they will appeal the fine while arguing that “it is the first time in the history of national and community competition law that the CNMC sanctions a company for applying discounts.” Those days of 2022 were marked by the role of the oil companies. In April, when the State began to apply the discount of 20 cents per liter of fuel, low-cost operators They threatened to strike because they understood that the money they had to put out of their own pocket (of the 20 cents/liter, five were borne by the operator) destroyed their profit margins. Later, the CNMC confirmed that the companies in charge of supplying fuel were obtaining a juicy profit with the increase in fuel prices, to the point that their profit margins had widened despite having to put money in to subsidize fuel, with record gross margins. Now, the entity in charge of ensuring competition points out that Repsol also took the opportunity to try to sweep away the competition. It will have to be Repsol that manages to demonstrate that it did not act in this way and as the CNMC defends. Photo | Repsol In Xataka | For the first time, electrified cars are outselling gasoline cars. It is the beginning of the inevitable

There is brutal competition to guard the fortunes of the planet’s millionaires. The same guy as always is winning: Switzerland

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The ultra-rich around the world move their millions of dollars in search of the place safer for your fortunes. In recent years, countries in the Middle East and Southeast Asia they have stepped on the accelerator as a destination for the greatest fortunes in the world. However, amid the latest geopolitical tensions, a report from the consulting firm Boston Consulting Group reveals a disturbing fact: Asian millionaires are turning their gaze to the old and reliable Switzerland to protect your wealth. According what was published for him Financial Timesmany Asian millionaires are diversifying the refuge for their assets and, instead of keeping them in their place of residence in Hong Kong, Dubai and Singapore, they prefer to deposit part of their fortune in Swiss banks. Switzerland remains the world’s safe deposit box. According to the report Global Wealth Report 2025 Prepared by Boston Consulting Group, Switzerland managed $2.74 trillion in assets in 2024, which maintains it as the main offshore wealth center in the world. Very close to Switzerland’s management figures are important economic enclaves in Asia such as Hong Kong (which managed 2.65 trillion dollars) and Singapore (with 1.92 trillion dollars in the same year). The study estimates that, by 2029, these three destinations will concentrate almost two thirds of the new cross-border wealth. Boom of the rich in Asia. The study recognizes the enormous growth of Asian and Middle Eastern wealth centers, which have recorded a growth 50% since 2014. However, many of these funds end up in Switzerland, registering a increase in wealth cross-border savings held in the coffers of Swiss banks of 8.7% in 2024, up from 6.3% annually recorded in 2023. That is, although Asia has become a fertile ground for generating wealth, millionaires continue to see Switzerland as a safer place to store it. Geopolitical concerns. One of the main reasons for this behavior of the great fortunes settled in Asia are the political and geopolitical decisions that increase economic uncertainty. An example cited in the report points out that events such as the implementation of the national security law in Hong Kong in 2019 or the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, raised questions about the security of assets in Asia. “Private banking focuses on diversifying geopolitical risk: clients are always looking for safe havens,” declared to Financial Times Giorgio Pradelli, CEO of the Swiss private bank EFG. “Clients increasingly began to feel that, geopolitically, the situation was less predictable and therefore it was important to have assets in different jurisdictions,” says Christian Cappelli, head of Julius Baer’s Asia office in Zurich. Financial Times. That is, they were betting on sending part of their fortune to Switzerland to protect themselves against economic blockades, political changes or war conflicts. London is no longer a refuge. On the other hand, the tax changes that the United Kingdom has implemented have caused London to lose much of your interest for millionaires Asians, putting Zurich back on the map. According to Christian Frie, head of the Asia-Pacific business in Switzerland for LGT Private Banking, the majority of Asian clients managed by his banking entity allocate between 10% and 15% of their assets outside their countries, mainly to Switzerlandaccording to the report The Global Entrepreneurial Wealth Report 2025 prepared by UBS. In Xataka | The rich neighborhoods of Madrid and Barcelona have changed their accent: millionaires from the US and Mexico invest their fortunes in Spain Image | Pexels (Peter Steiner), Unsplash (Chi Lok TSANG)

“The challenge has been not to be a ‘copy paste’ of the competition”

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When you think of Motorola, what comes to mind? It is easy for pieces to appear that marked an era, from the StarTAC until the Razr V3or even that attempt to recover the premium experience with the 2019 foldable Razr. That legacy lives on, although it has not always been accompanied by a perception aligned with the brands that dominate the highest range. In recent years, Motorola has worked to translate that heritage into a contemporary premium identity, supported by design, materials and its own style. This duality between what Motorola represents today and what it aspires to be opens a natural question: how does the company interpret this moment? To answer it we spoke with Fabio Capocchivice president and general manager of Motorola for Europe, the Middle East and Africa within the Mobile Business Group, the unit that concentrates the brand’s smartphone strategy in the region. He assumed office in 2022 with the aim of accelerating its growth in an increasingly competitive market. He lives in Spain and has an extensive career in the technology sector, with stints at EPSON, ASUS and the Lenovo group. The Motorola Razr V3, the icon that defined the brand’s most premium era Before entering into its vision, it is worth stopping for a moment at the point where Motorola is beyond what we have expressed in the first lines of this text. The company reaches this stage with real growth, a more defined identity and a catalog that expresses better than ever who it wants to be. It is not the gigantic Motorola of the 2000s, but nor is it a brand that has lost focus. In 2024, the company’s shipments grew 24% year-on-year, according to Counterpoint Researchreaching its highest historical figure in smartphones. Even so, remains far from the global podiumdominated by Apple, Samsung and Xiaomi, and moves in single digit installments. The contrast with his past is evident. In the mid-2000s, in the era of the Razr, Motorola became the second largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world., with shares greater than 20% and only behind Nokia. Since 2014 it has been part of Lenovo, who bought it from Google for 2.91 billion dollars. Today it is no longer that giant, but a firm in the reinvention phase: smaller in share, but with sustained growth, a strong commitment to narrative lifestyle tech. Motorola is transforming, and the Edge 70 plays a key role in that process At the beginning of the interview, Fabio reviews the moment in which Motorola redefined its approach for Europe and for other territories where the brand wanted to advance. He explains that they detected that “something was missing” in the market: a proposal with its own identity, with recognizable values ​​and a defined DNA. From there, the intention was not to add to the usual dynamics of the sector, but to strengthen a clearer brand personality. That idea is condensed in a phrase that stands out in the conversation: “The challenge has been not to be a ‘copy paste’ of the competitionnot making a race on the technical specification.” From there, he explains that the priority has been “to try to talk about the end user, with a unique, very striking DNA”, with devices that are not defined only by numbers, but by the feeling of using something with its own character. The new Motorola Edge 70 | Photo: Xataka For Fabio, design is not an accessory element, but rather an aspect that has guided Motorola’s recent evolution. It speaks of a commitment to materials that generate different sensations, such as vegan leather, and of a chromatic work that they develop together with Pantone to identify colors that connect better with users. This effort seeks to express a more defined and coherent identity with what the brand wants to project today. “We have created a premium product and to be premium you have to have a premium aesthetic, it has to be in some way a little disruptive. In this sense we have created an incredibly light, thin product without any compromise. So with this product we want to put within a single product, and we want to see that every time we create a product, all our experience and all our DNA that we developed over the years, which is why it can be clearly identified as a Motorola DNA product, with an absolutely incredible technical sheet.” Fabio gives us to understand that the Motorola Edge 70 It should function as the meeting point between design and functionality. He explains that the brand was looking for a very light and very thin device that, even so, offered more battery than other reference models. The Edge 70, that we have been able to analyze in Xatakaintegrates a 4,800 mAh battery, one of the highlights of this ultra-thin mobile. That balance, he assures, is what allows the product to faithfully represent the direction that Motorola wants to consolidate at the top of its catalog. Fabio Capocchi, general director of Motorola for EMEA, with the new Edge 70 | Photo: Motorola Throughout the interview, Fabio insists that this launch is not born from an isolated decision, but from an accumulated process of design, engineering and brand vision. Describes the Edge 70 as the synthesis of those years of work and the involvement of the team. And when we ask him for a definition in a few words, he answers: “I believe that the Edge 70 for us represents our maximum effort to summarize within a product the last three years of development, which range from the design part, the technological part, but also the part of people’s passion (…) for such a fine design, but with a product that is cool to see (…) we have done miracles to change the design of the motherboard and, finally, which for me is the most important thing, is the passion that people are putting.” The Edge 70 represents Motorola’s most premium bet to date | Photo: Motorola Spain appears … Read more

That the US authorizes Nvidia’s H200 to reach China is not a concession, but a plan. They prefer money to competition

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The chip war between China and the US has mutated from a blockade to a commercial transaction. Donald Trump has announced that he will allow Nvidia export its high-performance H200 chips to China. The authorization carries an unprecedented condition: the US government will receive a 25% commission about these sales. This “reverse tariff” transforms China containment into a source of income, breaking with the strategy of total suffocation and offering a lifeline to Nvidia in its most critical market. End of free blocking. The decision is a direct result of a meeting last week between Trump and Jensen Huang, CEO of Nvidia. The White House’s logic has changed: it argues that this measure is carried out under strict national security conditions, extending the model to competitors such as Intel and AMD. It is a movement that formalizes what was already intuited a few months ago, when Nvidia managed, after a first meeting with Trump, lift veto on bottom H20 chip. At that time, a precedent was already established of transferring 15% of income to the country, a figure that now scales to 25% for the most powerful hardware. Tap on the image to go to the original post A dose for China. That they chose this chip is no coincidence: the H200 is significantly more powerful than the H20—the trimmed model that China had started to boycott— but it is still behind the cutting-edge Blackwell architecturewhich is still banned. According to advisors such as David Sacks, the North American country seeks to keep China addicted to its technology: if they are denied all access, they are forced to look for alternatives of their own. In fact, Huawei has already admitted that it will take two years to match the performance of the H200, making this chip the perfect tool to slow down Chinese development while monetizing its need. Cracks and black market. The reality is that the total blockade was failing. Recent investigations showed how Chinese companies used shortcuts through Indonesia to access the power of banned chips. Furthermore, the second-hand market had become the main avenue for China get H100 and A100 GPUs off the radar. By allowing the sale of the H200, the US is trying to regain control over a flow that already existed, but in the shadows. At the same time, the Department of Justice announced “Operation Gatekeeper” to dismantle smuggling networks in countries like Hong Kong. China’s response. The great unknown is precisely this, the reception of the news in Beijing. Although Trump claims that Xi responded “positively,” the reality on the ground seems different. China has been for months banning your local businesses buy Nvidia chips to promote its domestic industry. The CAC (Cyberspace Administration of China) came to investigate the H20 looking for rear doorssomething that generated a climate of mistrust that not even the previous July agreement managed to completely dissipate. Jensen Huang, who warned about the danger of an “AI silk road” If the US continued to block sales, with this pact it gets a golden opportunity to not lose a market that represents 13% of its income, although its Chinese clients must now pay the price of American geopolitics. Cover image | Composition with images from Nvidia and RawPixel In Xataka | China has just redrawn the map of strategic minerals: its new rules on rare earths target the United States

Justice condemns Meta to pay 479 million euros to Spanish media for unfair competition

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Meta has been condemned by the Commercial Court No. 15 of Madrid to pay 479 million euros to 87 media and news agencies integrated into the Information Media Association. According to the ruling, picked up by AMIthe company is considered to have gained an unfair competitive advantage by illicitly using personal data on Facebook and Instagram for “behavioral advertising.” The resolution, dated November 19, 2025, is not final and can be appealed. We have requested comments from Meta and are awaiting a response. The origin of the case dates back to May 2018, when The General Data Protection Regulation came into force and Meta modified the legal basis for processing the personal data of its users, moving from consent to the supposed need for a contract. On December 1, 2023, the News Media Association filed the lawsuit in court. The preliminary hearing was held on November 27, 2024 and the oral hearing took place on October 1 and 2, 2025, after an economic claim of between 551 million euros. GDPR violation, not advertising violation. The resolution focuses on the way in which personal data was obtained and processed, rather than on the advertising activity itself. According to the ruling, the processing lacked a valid legal basis under the GDPR, because the contract formula does not replace informed consent. This violation is considered sufficient reason to activate article 15.1 of the Unfair Competition Law, which penalizes obtaining advantages in the market through regulatory non-compliance. The 5,281 million under analysis. During the procedure, the court notes, Meta Ireland did not provide its operating accounts in Spain, despite having been requested. Given this absence, the judge applied the rules of the burden of proof and validated the data presented by the plaintiff. Based on these elements, it estimated that, between May 25, 2018 and August 1, 2023, Meta would have earned more than 5,281 million euros with its advertising business in Spain. How compensation is calculated. To set the amount of compensation, the court used the Study on the conditions of competition in the online advertising sector in Spain prepared by the CNMC. Based on the market shares of the affected period, it was established that the income obtained by Meta through a practice contrary to the RGPD should be redistributed among competitors. The ruling considers it proven, with “reasonable plausibility,” that the digital press suffered lost profits. The ruling does not end the matter. The sentence itself admits of appeal and it will be the Provincial Court that will evaluate the arguments of both parties if the procedure continues. Until then, the case serves to place at the center the question of how privacy, commercial exploitation of data and competition should be related in the digital environment. The company has not yet expressed its position. We have requested your evaluation and are waiting to receive official comments. Images | Mark Zuckerberg | Dima Solomin In Xataka | Circular AI funding was not over: NVIDIA, Microsoft and Anthropic have signed a new billion-dollar deal

For years summer is synonymous with gastronomic parties. In Galicia, hoteliers believe they are unfair competition

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If you travel to Galicia in summer it is likely that in addition to beaches, seafood and tourists In search of the best cove in which to plant your umbrella, find something else: Gastronomic parties. There are tens. To hundreds. From entrance spring to Autumn well advanced It is possible to meet throughout of the region quotes dedicated to percebe, Carneiro Ao spongrazors, Albariño or hamburgers, between a long long etc. They are so many and so many people move in Ribadeo (In the province of Lugo) local hoteliers and merchants They have said enough. The reason: where others see a mass celebration they have detected something else, one “unfair competition”. In a place in Galicia … Ribadeo is a small town of the Eastern Mariña (Lugo Province) of somewhat less than 10,000 inhabitants. However, in summer thousands of tourists attracted for their heritage, landscape, gastronomy, environment and especially their great jewel: The beach of the cathedralsone of the great natural monument of the Peninsular North. The INE calculates that only between June and August were housed in the hotels of the municipality 28,200 travelersthousands of potential clients for shops, coffee shops and restaurants in the town. Local trade … and something else. The fact is that in Ribadeo (as in many other villas in Spain) there are not only stores and bars. Throughout the year and especially in summer, fairs, markets, gastronomic parties are held … events organized in the most central streets and squares and that capture the interest of neighbors and visitors. The large dating calendar serves for the people to be more attractive, but the local merchant association (Acisa Ribadeo) He just lifes his voice to alert that not everything is positive. In his opinion also represents a “unfair competition” For businesses that work throughout the year, not only in summer. “Without Control” celebrations. The matter is serious enough for the organization to have been treated as a great point of the day in a Extraordinary Assembly held this week. Has even dedicated A reportunanimously ratified and in which he exposes why (in his opinion) the celebration “without control” of this kind of quotes undermines its profitability. “It includes the arguments for which Acis emphasize. “Acisa is not against the celebration of these markets and events, what we reject is that they be held without control, on the poorly appropriate dates and with excessive durations,” claims The Association Manager, Jesús Pérez. “In recent months, events with little planning have been held, without transparency with respect to the promoters or the purposes to which the benefits are dedicated, becoming scheduled every little time and in the middle of high season. This implies direct and unfair competition for local trade and hospitality and a deterioration of the ribadeo image.” Why’s that? Acisa complaint That kind of specific quotes “take advantage of the work that takes place throughout the year” to boost the people and capture visits. And they also do so by taking advantage of the high season and “the best locations” of the town in exchange for “minimum or null taxes for the benefits they get.” “The rates that pay for occupying public roads are in many cases symbolic, ridiculous or non -existent,” Crows. In summary, merchants and hoteliers feel that the fairs stand up during the high season while they are responsible for serving, paying rent and taxes and generating employment in the town throughout the year. “In addition they do not always comply with the basic regulations, such as the issuance of purchase tickets, nor are they subject to health, labor or fiscal controls. They do not generate employment in the municipality and use municipal services such as works, hooks of light or cleanliness, which we pay all ribadenses,” Pérez argueswho also clarifies that these celebrations “do not contribute anything new” to customers. “The products and services they offer can be found in local businesses with higher quality.” The debate, served. That in general (not only in ribadeo) the markets, festivals and gastronomic parties They attract people It is difficult to discuss. The key to Acisa is when and how they are celebrated. And especially the impact they have on small businesses entrenched in the town. Hence they speak of a “direct unfair competition” for entrepreneurs who do assume fixed expenses, taxes and “normative obligations” that, denounce, “are not always assumed by the organizers” of that kind of appointments. “They seek to place themselves in the moments of greater tourist influx in ribadeo, taking advantage of the previous effort and investment made by the sector to attract visitors to the town,” insists The collective. Moreover, in its report it warns that “in many cases” specific events “lack clear planning” and transparency, which can compromise “the tourist image” of Ribadeo. “Prioritize improvised and very poor quality activities compared to the value of trade and local hospitality.” What do they suggest then? In Your report Acisa demands “order, regulate and compatible” these events with the “legitimate interests” of the merchants and hoteliers of the town. They even speak directly of limiting authorizations to “protect the local economic fabric”, restricting permits for those appointments that enter direct competition with local businesses or extend for too many days or repeatedly in the same year. Aware that fairs, festivals and markets help to boost the town, even suggests rethink the calendar of the celebrations. What in practice translates into organizing them “preferably” outside the high season or dates in which the flow of customers, such as Holy Week, summer or Christmas months, “when local trade and hospitality already make an extraordinary effort to meet the demand.” “We don’t need them”. “Ribadeo does not need this type of event in high season. We consider that they can be held promptly in low season following the premises collected by the report prepared by Acisa,” its president concludesCarmen Cruzado. The group leaves out the bag, yes, the events of a solidarity and non -profit nature and those with a limited duration, a … Read more

The competition in the AVE has killed its bus line

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Something is moving on the Spanish bus map. That something is the government’s intentions to reform the concessions that make up current photography. On the way there has been talk of reforming the entire system but also how many concessions already where they should be delivered. And that directly attacks very specific lines. In coma. Among all the concessions that Spain has awarded for bus service, The Madrid-Valencia line is one of those that agonizes. In fact, nobody wants to get that concession because with the high -speed line next to him does not come out profitable. After the concession, Alsa (the company that was exploiting this line) resigned to continue with it given its null profitability. Then a contest was convened to exploit a line that crosses all the Spanish width, from Badajoz to Valencia, passing through Madrid. That contest was completely deserted. Concessions? Yes, concessions. Bus lines In Spain they compete for concessions that are then exploited exclusively. These concessions last for years and, obviously, the company has to face the possible changes in the flows of movements that can occur between its passengers. In the system, therefore, it is competed before putting the buses on the road. A line is taken to competition and awarded the best bidder. In high railway speed, companies that demonstrate that they can technically operate on the road come to compete directly. On buses, that does not happen because the chosen company has exclusivity for a certain time. A deep change. What the government raises is that Spain needs a deep change in the concession system. In recent years, the market has been completely opened and that it is the companies that rival on the road at a price. However, the final intention is to take out a great contest maintaining the current concession system. Of course, given the large number of lines whose competitions are empty or companies that do not want to maintain their concessions, from the government advocate drastically reducing the number of runners. The intention is to pass Of the current 77 concessions to a total of 22. From the government they point out that this decision goes through the difficulty of placing these concessions but also because the way of moving of the Spaniards has changed in recent years. The cities have atomized (even more) the exits and arrivals but, in addition, the high -speed train and the competition have completely transformed the panorama. It is not competitive. What happens? When high speed has affordable prices, the bus is not competitive. In the Galician corridor The train has managed to eliminate travelerseven to the plane that is faster. In the case of the bus, the situation is even more complicated because, in addition, it is slower and uncomfortable. That leaves lines like that Badajoz-Madrid-Valencia without interested companies. With such a low volume of customers and a faster and more cheap alternative, prices have to be much more expensive to compensate. It is obviously the worst option. Whenever you travel to Badajoz, Madrid, Valencia or any of the stops where the train stops. What about us? All this directly impacts the paths of those who do not live in those cities or larger populations where there is a high -speed rail stop. The bus is in charge of generating a capillary network of paths among small populations where the only alternative is private transport. This is what they defend from Travel more by busan association that defends a competitive alternative so that this means of transport can survive. They bet on a complete liberalization in these lines that have to fight with high -speed lines. They point out that with the rates raised, The bus trip between Madrid and Valencia would entail an expense of between 40 and 50 euros for the client and a duration of more than four hours. With Renfe, Iryo and Ouigo fighting on the train, it is possible to make that same trip in the middle of time in half of the money. According to the CNMCthe average price of traveling with these companies in a Madrid-Valencia is 27.46 euros. What solution is there? According to this platform in defense of these less profitable bus lines, open them to direct competition. They point out that with the current layout, it is contemplated that the rates for operating will be recalculated with inflation and that, therefore, in 2035 the average price of the ticket will return to around 50 euros despite the fact that at the time of the new award a price of about 40 euros is established. In the other side of the currency we find associations like Confebus They point out that these concessions allow companies to better study the market and their profitability but, they defend, the traveler is protected because once the service has been awarded, the company has not to leave the line overnight. Photo | Artem Makarov and Xataka In Xataka | This Barcelona bus has been working with a fuel that we all produce: our excrements

Renfe is delighted to have competition in Madrid-Galicia. Especially since he knows that he will not have competition

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The Galician corridor is being the great revelation of high speed in what we have been. Although at the end of 2024 its potential was already suggested, the hug at high speed is being so high that, it has even had its consequences in a lower demand for plane tickets. Now, the government already paves the way for other companies to begin to exploit that market. Market that cannot be exploited. “High potential” Are the words with which the government summarizes the possibility that the Renfe Monopoly in Madrid-Galicia. Until now, only this company is operating in one of the most successful runners in our country. They explain in The voice of Galicia that Adif is finalizing the requirements that will be necessary to meet the operational approval. That is, with the green flag to operate in the Galician corridor that will be carried out through “multiannual framework agreements”, the same process that has allowed Iroyo and Ouigo to operate in the Spanish corridors who have already enabled the competition to Renfe. Second phase. The presentation of this regulatory framework enters into the New phase that opens in liberalization of the Spanish high speed roads. Next to the Galician corridor, the open door will also be left to Renfe find competition in the Asturias/Cantabria corridor (which connect with Madrid and share space with the Galician) and the Huelva/Cádiz. The process, they expect in the Government, will conclude at the end of 2026 and believe that it is of great interest to other companies since between 2019 and 2024, The train has already stolen 24% of passengers to the plane. From then on, the competition should arrive very soon. Ought. Yes, but. The problem for Renfe competitors is that the Galician corridor needs trains that can jump in track width. This is mandatory because between Madrid and Orense, trains use the international track width. But between Orense and Santiago, as well as the rest of the connections, such as Vigo, the Iberian width is used that It has different measures. This particularity forces to use the Talgo S106, those same as They cracked on their way to Barcelona. These trains have been sold as the perfect solution since they can change from one width to another but Talgo and CAF have all their production sold For the next few years. And companies like Ouigo find no one who can give them these particular trains. Solution 1. It is the one raised by the Popular Party that, according to The voice of Galicia, They are pressing the Government to adif the road and take, at least to Santiago, the international width beyond Ourense. This should help make the runner a more attractive place for new competitors. Adif, for the moment, discard this possibility. Solution 2. That in the absence of trains, the new competitors rent the rolling material to Renfe. It is something that It has dropped from ouigo and? It has been totally rejected from Renfe. Right now, this last company has a perfect business in Madrid-Galicia because the road will be liberalized but they have all the trains present already short term that can work in that section. What will happen? It remains to be seen if ouigo or any other competitor chooses to operate, at least, even Ourense. However, the attractiveness of this journey is much less because it stays at the gates of Galicia and does not enter to the heart. Nor is it an attractive option for all tourism attracted along the Camino de Santiago that could see on the train a very valid alternative to the plane to return to the capital. Especially now that Santiago airport has drastically reduced its operations with the Ryanair output. Photo | Xataka and Pablo Bretón In Xataka | In his most fateful summer, Renfe’s ambitious bet for the Avril trains has begun as one would expect: regular

The undisputed winner of the aggressive competition of TSMC, Intel and Samsung is a European company: ASML

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Integrated 2 nm circuits are about to disembark in the market. Users know that nanometers have lost much of their usefulness, and that, in reality, They represent a category of semiconductors. In fact, they no longer faithfully reflect the length of logical doors or other physical parameter, such as the distance between transistors. Each chips manufacturer He manages them with freedomwhich prevents us from directly comparing the lithographs that try to “sell us.” Whatever the important thing is that TSMC, Intel and Samsung are about to engage in a new battle that seeks to capture the maximum possible number of customers for their 2 Nm or comparable line nodes. Whatever happens we can be sure that the great beneficiary of this contest will be The Dutch Company ASML. And it will be because it is the only manufacturer on the planet that produces the equipment of extreme ultraviolet photolithography (UVE) and haute opening that are necessary to go beyond the 2 Nm reaching the optimal performance. Digitimes Asia He has just confirmed that those responsible for the Samsung semiconductors manufacture are weighing the possibility of increasing the number of Uve haute opening machines that will buy at ASML. And, according to this Asian medium, it will do it because it needs to reduce the technological and commercial gap that separates it from TSMC, which leads the chip market with A fee close to 60%. The Uve High Opening machines are still in the test phase, but there are no doubt that they will be the authentic protagonists of the semiconductor industry in 2026 and successive years. ASML Haute Opening Lithography Machography is an engineering prodigy It weighs as much as two Airbus A320 and incorporates more than 100,000 pieces, 3,000 cables, 40,000 bolts, and also more than 2 km of electrical connections. The photolithography team Twinscan Exe: 5000 Designed and manufactured by ASML is the most sophisticated integrated circuit production machine that exists. And also the most expensive. The most up -to -date information we have reflects that only one of these teams costs 350 million euroswhich will surely cause some chips manufacturers think twice Before buying it. ASML plans to deliver to its customers annually from 2025 about 20 Uve Haute Opening teams ASML engineers have invested a decade in the development of the technology necessary to set up this machine, which, in reality, is a team of extreme ultraviolet lithography (UVE) second generation. This company of the Netherlands plans to deliver to its customers annually From 2025 about 20 teams of this type with a purpose: put in their hands the possibility of producing chips of 2 nm and beyond. Interestingly, to develop this machine, ASML engineers have made a very advanced optical architecture that has an opening of 0.55 compared to the 0.33 value that the first -generation UVE lithography equipment has. This refinement of the optics allows to transfer to the wafer patterns of greater resolution, hence it is possible to manufacture chips using more advanced integration technologies than those currently used in the nodes of 3 Nm. However, this is not all. ASML has also improved the mechanical systems that are responsible for the manipulation of wafers with the purpose of making it possible for a single UVE Machine to be able to produce more than 200 wafers per hour. The cover photography of this article allows us to intuit the extreme complexity and sophistication that one of these teams has, which, by the way, would not be possible without the cooperation of other companies, such as the German Zeiss or Cymer, a company of American origin that is currently consolidated within the ASML structure. Somehow this last company Delivery to ASML the raw material that need their photolithography machines. And that raw material is none other than the ultraviolet light that is responsible for transporting the geometric pattern described by the mask so that it can be transferred with great precision to the surface of the Silicon wafer. Image | ASML More information | Digitimes Asia In Xataka | The great covered in the War of Critical Minerals is Tungsten. The US needs it and 83% have it China

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