One thinks that there are roads in Spain that are free because you don’t pass a barrier and you don’t pay when you reach your destination. You may think that this is not entirely true, that it is our taxes that support these roads. And there is a true part of it. But not everything.
Spain uses what is known as “shadow toll” on a good part of its “free” roads. It is a system by which the driver does not pay directly for the use of the highway but the State is doing it for him, since the vehicles that pass through said roads are counted.
These shadow tolls have been used for a quarter of a century. Murcia was the first region to use this means of indirect management to getting your RM-15 “free” but the system was replicating. Right now, it is the means used on what are known as “first generation highways.”
And those highways will become managed by the State next year. Unless otherwise chosen.
1,000 more kilometers of public management
The operation of a shadow toll is simple: the State pays for each and every one of the cars that use that road. That money goes to the company that manages the maintenance of the road, who must preserve its good condition.
The Ministry of Transport indicates on its website that the State Highway Network extends 12,091 kilometers throughout the country. Of this figure, 10,656 are highways and multilane roads. Of them, “about 1000 km, the so-called First Generation Highwaysare managed indirectly through concession contracts using the shadow toll method, which is paid directly by the administration.”
Those First Generation Highways They are A-1, A-2, A-3, A-31 and A-4whose major reforms in ten sections led the State to opt for the formula of this shadow toll in which the concessionaires assumed the cost of the work in exchange for managing its maintenance, charging for the volume of cars registered in them.
The contracts end in December 2026 and the intention is for the State to once again take care of the maintenance of these roads. With this reversal of tolls, almost 1,000 more kilometers will be added to the current management of the State Land Transport Infrastructure Society (SEITT).
This state management will imply that the State will stop paying the concessionaire company but will have to disburse some 79.4 million euros to be collected in the General State Budgets, according to data from Seopan (Association of Infrastructure Construction Companies and Concessionaires) collected by 20Minutes. The Government’s calculations, on the contrary, indicate that the savings will be 200 million euros annually, they point out in The Economist.
The plan to reverse these tolls comes from afar. In 2024Óscar Puente, Minister of Transport, has already started talks to assume the management of these ten sections. So, one of the critical points was whether the concessionaire companies had to make any more investment to deliver the road in perfect conditions and complying with the minimum requirements required when signing the contract.
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Now, one of the conflicting points is what will happen to the 500 employees who currently work for these companies. It has been valued, they count in 20 Minutes Let the State be the one to surrogate them and take charge of their payrolls.
The maintenance of the roads and the involvement of the State has been one of the controversial topics of the last few months. Seopan has been ensuring for some time that there is a shortfall in money dedicated to maintaining roads. The opinion seems clearly influenced by their intention that we pay for roads that right now are “free” but the truth is that This winter’s torrential rains put the debate back on the table.
In 2025 they have already dedicated 1,910 million euros to repair roads. This year it has been put on the table dedicate about 1,000 million euroswhich transport associations such as CETM and the Association of Infrastructure Conservation and Exploitation Companies (ACEX) consider insufficient, ensuring that spending should reach 2,000 million euros.
Various associations assure that Spain has a deficit in investment in its roads. According to ACEX, we drag a deficit of 5 billion euros In investment in Spanish asphalt, although not everything corresponds to state management, the money is also distributed among the autonomous communities.
The Spanish Road Association (AEC), however, says that half of Spain’s asphalt is in poor condition and that the hole reaches 13,000 million euros (a figure provided before the February rains). Data that the DGT itself accepts as good, which was collected on its website.
Starting in December, another 1,000 kilometers will be added to maintain. Just when repairing a kilometer of asphalt is more expensive than ever.
Photo |Ministry of Transport
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was originally published in
Xataka
by
Alberto de la Torre
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