They don’t have the AI but they already have the energy
In the AI race, The United States has the chips and China has the energytwo different starting points that make them follow divergent trajectories. But both chips and energy are essential for the technology industry from a broader point of view. Guaranteeing supply is the first step to dominating emerging industries and China has taken it very seriously by stepping on the accelerator in the construction of energy infrastructure. The figures. According to data from the China National Energy Administration of which echoes BloombergIn 2025 alone, the Asian giant added 542.7 GW of capacity to what it already had to reach a total capacity of 3,890 GW. As collects China Newsthis is 16.1% more in just one year. In perspective. The cold data may not give an idea of the magnitude of the Chinese attack, but those 542.7 GW added in the last year is more than the total capacity of powers such as India, Germany or Japan, according to data from the International Energy Agency. Only the United States and its 1,373 GW available on the electrical grid surpass it. However, if we extend the time frame four years ago, we find that in that period China expanded its capacity by 1,515.3 GW, more than everything the United States has today. Among China’s objectives With this ambitious commitment to energy, we are guaranteeing a stable and abundant supply, minimizing dependence on fuel imports and making it a competitive advantage in growth and intensive industries such as AI, robotics or advanced materials technology. Why is it important. From an engineering point of view, what China is doing in recent years is a feat: it has replicated the West’s largest power grid at lightning speed. What took the United States approximately a century, China has only required less than half a decade. But building electrical infrastructure (What happens with Data Centers?) is neither easy nor immediate: it requires planning, logistics and a highly qualified workforce. Not to mention permits or environmental evaluations. This level of manufacturing and installation involves overcoming a learning curve that reduces technology costs for global implementation. How has he done it. Achieving that capacity in record time is difficult, but it is not only how much but how: a good part of this growth comes from solar and wind energy. This type of energy, unlike fossil fuels, is intermittent. That is, it is not limiting itself to installing panels and wind turbines, but it is also redesigning the management of the network in the event of eventual events such as no sun or wind. However, coal and gas thermal power plants are also in record numbers. China has not forgotten nuclear and hydroelectric energy either, with more modest increases. What the graph doesn’t say. That China’s current capacity is immense does not mean that, for example, solar or wind plants are producing 24/7: their plant factor It is lower than those of gas or coal plants. Hence they need to build much more to achieve the same. And to move all that energy from one side of the country to the other, for example from the sunny Gobi Desert to industrial Shanghai, China has set up a kind of energy highway: the High Voltage Direct Current network, with the largest ultra-high voltage transformer in the world. You have another challenge ahead: where to store the excess energy. For now, is investing big time in lithium batteries and also in hydraulic pumping. In Xataka | The race for AI has placed China in an unthinkable scenario: forcing the United States to leave its comfort zone In Xataka | China needs chips and the United States needs energy: in the AI race the two great powers have divergent paths Cover | Raisa Milova and Dominic Kurniawan Suryaputra