years

prohibit entry for 10,000 years with terrifying architecture

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About 10,000 years ago, humans were just beginning to settle and leave the first paintings in caves. Curiously, today many of these messages remain a mystery. Even so, we have built infrastructures whose impact will last longer than the entire known history of civilization, posing an unprecedented challenge along the way: how to leave a mark that not only lasts, but is also understood within a future that is impossible to imagine. In 1980 they added a disturbing fact: And how to prevent them from entering? The origin of the problem. It all starts with an uncomfortable fact: the United States has been generating nuclear waste extremely dangerous (especially the so-called transuranic, coming from weapons and reactors) whose toxicity can last for thousands of years. To manage them, it was decided to bury them in deep geological repositories like the WIPPin New Mexico, a network of galleries excavated more than 600 meters underground in stable formations that have remained intact for millions of years. The plan is to permanently seal these facilities after decades of use and let them remain isolated for at least 10,000 years. The problem arises right after: once any human control disappears, how to prevent someone in the future from digging there without knowing that they are releasing an invisible and lethal danger? The answer. The solution could not be limited to a simple sign, because neither the current language nor the symbols are reliable in such a long term. That is why an approach was proposed even more radical: create a universal communication system capable of surviving the passage of time, aimed at both advanced societies and others that may have lost part of current scientific knowledge. WIPP The birth of “nuclear semiotics”. To address tremendous challenge, the US Department of Energy brought together experts from disciplines as disparate as linguistics, physics, anthropology or even science fiction, giving rise to a completely new field, one they called nuclear semiology. International panels analyzed not only how to convey the message, but also why A future civilization could decide to excavate that place: search for resources, scientific curiosity, archeology or simple ignorance. The conclusion was that the message it had to be redundantbe multi-layered and understandable without depending on a single cultural system. This is how one of the most disturbing texts never conceived by modern engineering, a warning that not only informs, but also try to persuade from the emotional side, something like a sign that says: “move around, there is nothing valuable here, only danger, and it is still very active thousands of years later.” Proposed pictogram to warn about the dangers of buried nuclear waste at the waste isolation pilot plant Architecture of fear. However, the real conceptual leap came later, when it was assumed that the message could not depend only on words or symbols. The solution was something tangible to humans, the architecturalor how to design a fearsome environment that instinctively conveys danger. Thus, proposals emerged such as landscapes of giant thornsoppressive black blocks or deformed terrain sought to activate a universal reaction of rejection, even without rational understanding. In its most realistic version, the project contemplated angular earth bermsgranite monuments, distributed markers and underground chambers with detailed information. In other words, architecture stopped being aesthetic or functional and became something like a primary language, almost biologicaldesigned to provoke an immediate emotional response to whoever is on the planet thousands of years from now (or whatever is left of it). Design of an information center in the waste isolation pilot plant Layered messages. The system that was devised then was not limited to a single type of warning, but rather combined multiple levels of information. From the initial visual impact (for example, a hostile landscape) to universal symbols such as sick human figures, through texts in several languages and buried technical files, all designed to offer different entry doors to the message depending on the visitor’s level of understanding. Not only that. Even if They proposed “time capsules” distributed in depth, durable materials such as granite or ceramics, and scientific references such as maps or periodic tables. The logic: that if one system fails, another can work, something like redundant communication designed to resist not only time, but also oblivion. The most extreme ideas. There is no doubt, the difficulty of the problem gave rise to proposals that were as fascinating as they were disturbing. It was suggested to create a “caste of priests of the atom” that transmitted knowledge through rituals for generations, or even genetically modified animals (the famous “radioactive cats”) so that change color in the presence of radiation, generating cultural myths that warned of danger. Other ideas of what further movies They included flowers with messages encoded in their DNA or satellite networks that issued warnings for millennia. Although many of these proposals never materialized, they reflect the extent to which the challenge forced us to think beyond traditional engineering, entering the realm of culture, narrative, and collective psychology. The big problem. A certain consensus was then reached: even if the message managed to survive, there was no guarantee that it would be obeyed. Historical examples such as tsunami stones in Japan show that warnings can last for centuries… and still be completely ignored. In fact, this precedent introduces an even more uncomfortable doubt: the problem, perhaps, is not only communicating, but convince to the one who interprets it. An imposing architectural structure may arouse curiosity rather than fear, and an ambiguous message could be interpreted as a sign of something valuable. Plus: human history is full of explorations of tombs, ruins and forbidden places, which turns any warning into a double-edged sword. A unique experiment. Be that as it may, and although there is still no definitive design that defines all our nuclear waste and is capable of deterring future civilizations, both the Sandia project and the WIPP repository represent the greatest conscious attempt of humanity to send a message to the deep (and unknown) future. … Read more

After years of absence, Aragón has reintroduced two Iberian lynxes. The question is whether it’s posturing or real help.

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Aragón has become the first autonomous community in the northwest of the peninsula to seek to recover the Iberian lynx. And yes, it is a historical milestone that will go down in the annals of conservation manuals; But the question is another: does it make any sense (on an ecological, social or economic level) to continue putting lynxes where there have not been any for decades or are we in the middle of a political marketing operation that will be expensive? The answer is more complex than it seems. What has happened? On March 17, 2026, Jorge Azcón released the first two copies of Iberian lynx on a farm in Torrecilla de Valmadrid (Zaragoza). They are one year old, the female comes from Portugal and the male from Doñana. “The step taken today is a milestone in the recovery of biodiversity in the community,” explained the acting president. And it is, in a way, the general idea in almost all communities in Spain: the Iberian lynx has become our ‘panda bear’, an animal that we are fond of, a symbol of the country and a social aspiration. Does it make sense to reintroduce the lynx? For the lynx, yes. Although we have come a long way since 2002 (when there were just 94 lynxes confined in Andalusia), we have not yet reached “favorable conservation status.” That is, 3,500 specimens (now there are 2,401) and 750 reproductive females (there are 470). Since it started in 2019, the project LIFE LynxConnect has tried to put into practice a very simple idea: Having many lynxes is of no use if those lynxes are confined to just a couple of places. We needed diverse cores and we needed to connect them together. Above all, because climate change is also affecting the entire national territory. The north of the peninsula is increasingly dry and has larger populations of rabbits: therefore, it has become viable for there to be at least two towns (in Cuenca and Palencia) which are completely outside the recent historical distribution of the lynx. And for the areas where it is released? In the short term, it is also good news. In fact, the Aragon movement cannot be understood without a basic fact: the European funds that help these types of programs (920,000 euros in this case) expired this same year. In the medium or long term, it depends on many factors: fundamentally, because everything depends on the rabbits. Rabbits? What about rabbits? Rabbits represent between 80 and 90% of the lynx’s diet. In fact, these rodents are found in the base of the food chain of more than 30 species. The good news is that, as warned A few weeks ago, the Union of Farmers and Ranchers of Castilla la Mancha “the proliferation of rabbits is a problem that has been going on for ten years, they speak of a ‘plague’ that is threatening olive groves and pistachio and almond trees, and they demand that the populations of these animals be controlled.” The bad thing is that they are not where they should be. The history of Spanish rabbits is complex. Its decline is associated with myxomatosisfirst (mid-20th century); continue with the rabbit hemorrhagic disease in the 80s; and is complicated by the arrival in 2012 of a new variant (RHDV2) that affects populations just when they were beginning to recover. To all these health problems, we must add the changes in the landscape and the disappearance of boundaries, fallow lands and traditional shelters. And the result is that the rabbits have looked for a new home. Thus slopes and roadsides have become tremendously favorable habitats (and even in motion vectors) and areas with constant food (irrigation/crops) are natural attractors of these reduced populations. Farmers fear that the arrival of the lynx will not control the pest and, on the other hand, as it will tighten conservation regulations, it may cause rabbit populations to skyrocket. Are they right? It’s hard to say. But we are going to find out. Image | Jorge Azcón – Government of Aragon In Xataka | Spain, land of (threatened) rabbits: the species has gone from “pest” to being endangered

The Navy mapped Cádiz by hand 230 years ago with sickening precision. Today it helps us to see how it has changed

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We tend to think of geography as a static canvas, unchanged by the passage of our short lives; however, when cartographic science It allows us to look into a window several centuries old, the reality is very different. And it is very different because the coast moves and changes, having in Spain a great example in the Bay of Cadizwhich has undergone a fascinating metamorphosis in recent centuries, and the secret to understanding it lies in a technical and scientific prodigy dated 1789. How it looks. We do not have (at the moment) a time machine to go back in our history, but we do have historical documents that do almost the same effect. One of the last analyzed has been the map of the port of Cádiz, a nautical chart which documents in obsessive detail what this region was like more than 230 years ago. A ‘Google Maps’. To understand the value of this document, you must travel to the period between 1783 and 1788. In the midst of the Enlightenment, the need to control the vital Atlantic routes required leaving behind approximate maps and embracing scientific rigor to be much more exact. Here was the brigadier of the Royal Navy Vicente Tofiño de San Miguel, then director of the Marine Guard Academies, who orchestrated the spectacular Maritime Atlas of Spain. The map of Cádiz, which is one of the 47 plates that make up this atlas, is a masterpiece of hydrographic engineering of the time. Outlined by the cartographer Felipe Bauzá and engraved by Fernando Selma, this 56.5 x 87 cm map mounted on canvas shows the cartography of the coast from Rota to the Sancti Petri river with a scale of 1:30,000. What makes it special. It is not only its aesthetics, but the data it contains by integrating precise toponyms, the exact location of the historic salt mines, military arsenals and even detailed bathymetric data mediated in “Castilian fathoms”. And with this basis, and after comparing it with the reality of the present, we can know how a piece of land has changed over time. The threat of sedimentation. Since 1726, the accumulation of sediments was a headache for maritime traffic in Cádiz as it is today. The cartographic comparison shows how the currents and the mouths of the rivers have been filling in parts of the bay, altering the natural draft and forcing the reconfiguration of port areas throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. The historic salt flats. In 1789, the map shows a vast and intricate network of salt mines that dominated the landscape, a crucial economic driver at the time since the value of salt was very high. But this has remained in the past, since the urban expansion of municipalities like Puerto Real and industrialization has devoured these salt flats. The coastal profile. In this case, comparisons between the past and present show us how the coastline has advanced and receded. In this way, areas that were previously estuaries or marshes are now dry land or port infrastructure that we have reclaimed from the sea, demonstrating the intense mark that man leaves on the environment. Anyone can see it. Fortunately, this piece of technological history is no longer confined to inaccessible display cases, since the National Geographic Institute It is available for download in its map library with the aim that any researcher can access it and draw conclusions like the ones we see today. Images | Nerea Garcia IGN In Xataka | One of the most impressive bridges in Europe is in Cádiz, it has a removable section and the largest span in Spain

OpenAI’s big problem all these years has been a chronic lack of definition. Now he wants to solve it with a super app

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OpenAI spent much of 2025 announcing new features, not new models (that also), but new products. We saw him with his Sora 2 video generator or with ChatGPT Atlas browser. Now, the company recognizes that they were diversifying too much and their plan is… to launch another app. The super app. They have an exclusive Wall Street Journal that OpenAI is preparing a desktop tool that will unify the ChatGPT app, its Codex code platform and the Atlas browser. This super app will offer agentic capabilities, not only oriented to code, but also to productivity. This is aiming directly at the business field, a field in which its rival, Anthropic is quite ahead of him. Too many products. The company’s goal with this move is to simplify the experience and reduce fragmentation between products. Speaking to the Wall Street Journal, a company spokesperson assures that it will allow them to unify the different teams, which will be able to focus their efforts on one product instead of several. In an internal note, OpenAI explicitly acknowledges that they were spreading their efforts across too many apps and needed to simplify them. The change will be led by Fidji Simo, the head of apps at OpenAI, who recently brought the employees together to give them a message: “We cannot waste this moment because we are distracted by parallel projects.” And diversifying consumes many resources, both economic and computing capacity, and OpenAI is not to be wasted none of them. Without direction. OpenAI has the most used chatbot in the world, but what they don’t have is a clear product strategy. They have wanted to be too many things at once without a clear strategyand in addition, half-abandoned products have been left along the way. The Atlas browser is the best example of this. I had all the potential to be a serious alternative to Chrome which had not yet integrated Gemini. The reality is that, five months after its launch, ChatGPT Atlas is still exclusive for Mac and also has lost functions. Something similar happened with Sora 2: they got the viral moment they were looking for, but today the app remains exclusive for users in the US and Canada. Competition where it hurts most. While OpenAI launched its video memes or its browser, the competition moved forward with a much less flashy, but better thought-out plan. According to a Menlo Ventures reportin 2023 OpenAI had a 50% share in the enterprise segment, while Anthropic had only 12. In 2025 the tables turned: Anthropic had 32% and ChatGPT 25%. If we focus only on programmers, 42% prefer Claude and only 21% ChatGPT. ChatGPT still has many more users, but the vast majority are for personal use. Financially, business users are much more valuable because they have no qualms about paying for subscriptions that often exceed $200 per month. Image crisis. In case Anthropic was not eating enough toast, the image crisis caused by the agreement with the Pentagon. ChatGPT began to lose users at a worrying ratewhile Claude was placed in the top of most downloaded applications. What they were missing. Image | Amparo Babiloni, Xataka In Xataka | There was a time when ChatGPT was a magical and free tool. That time is about to end

Argentina has been resisting with its own for years and is now modernizing it

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In Latin America, the development of own tanks has been more the exception than the norm. Most countries have historically chosen to import already consolidated platforms, which leaves any attempt to build a local armored industry in the background. In this context, Argentina occupies a unique place: not only did it design its own battle tank, the Argentine Medium Tank (TAM)but he managed to produce it and incorporate it into his Army. Decades later, that same system is still in service and going through a new stage of modernization. From the original TAM to 2C-A2. The Medium Argentine Tank was born at the end of the 1970s as a response to the need to have its own system that was up to the international standards of the time. Its design represented a leap for the Army at the time, aligned with the means used by other military forces. With the passage of time and technological evolution, that starting point became outdated, which prompted the development of the 2C-A2 version to adapt it to the demands of current combat. The news. The jump to the 2C-A2 standard is not limited to a superficial update, but rather responds to a deep review of the system. The process has included improvements to the turret, cannon, night vision and computerized fire control systems, with the aim of increasing precision and combat effectiveness. Added to this is the incorporation of technology that allows it to operate in adverse conditions, such as smoke, fog or night scenarios, along with work on the chassis to maintain the coherence of the whole. As we can see, the modernized version maintains the base of the vehicle, but incorporates relevant improvements in its features and systems. According to the Army Expo filehas a 720 horsepower diesel engine, capable of reaching 75 km/h and a range of 550 kilometers. Its main armament remains a 105 mm cannon, accompanied by a 7.62 mm FN MAG machine gun, with a crew of four. The first complete squad. December 20, 2024 marked a turning point with the delivery of ten units of the TAM modernized to the 2C-A2 standard. According to the Argentine Government, these vehicles were incorporated into Army facilities in Boulogne, in the province of Buenos Aires, which made it possible to complete the first squadron equipped with this version. With this step, the system stopped being just a project in development to become an operational capability within the force, this being the only delivery confirmed in available sources. A project that is consolidated. Beyond that milestone, the most recent sources point to a continuity phase of the program during 2026. According to Military Zonethe Argentine Army maintains the TAM 2C-A2 as one of its main lines of modernization, with ongoing work and planning to sustain the pace of advance. It is not about new announcements, but rather about consolidating what has already been started. Among the elements that define this stage are: The program continues in development and has an assigned budget, as indicated by the director of the General Directorate of Materials in March 2026. There is already a complete operational squadron and work is being done to complete a second The modernization combines the tower update with the recovery of the chassis It is projected to extend the useful life of the system between 20 and 30 years The approach is based on “cores of modernity” that can then be progressively expanded More than modernizing. The program is not limited to updating the vehicle, but involves broader work in terms of sustainment and autonomy. According to an interview collected by Zona Militarone of the objectives is to master the entire logistics and maintenance cycle, reducing external dependency. This includes work in Army facilities itself, where both modernizations and subsequent support are carried out. Other projects. The Argentine case is not the only attempt in the region, but it is one of the few that went to the end. Brazil, for example, developed the EE-T1 Osóriothrough the Engesa company, a combat tank that stood out in tests and came to compete with Western models. However, the project failed to make the jump to mass production and ended up being cancelled. This difference is key to understanding the regional map: it is not enough to design a tank, the true turning point is to be able to mass-produce it and integrate it into an operational force. Argentina’s position in the regional panorama. In a context in which few countries managed to sustain their own projects of this type, keeping a system in service and taking it to a new phase of modernization makes a clear difference. The TAM 2C-A2 not only represents a technical update, but also the extension of an industrial and military project that has managed to remain operational for decades, something unusual in the region. Images | Argentine Army (1, 2, 3, 4) In Xataka | We believed that everything happened because of the new fighters. The F-16 has been in the air for 50 years and continues to sell like hotcakes

Predicting dementia seven years in advance seemed impossible. An AI with Spanish participation has just achieved it

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The diagnosis of the neurodegenerative diseases You face a problem at the time the diagnosis is made, since in many cases it is diagnosed when the symptoms are already evident and this makes the brain damage irreversible. But… What if we could peer into the future of the brain years before the disease shows its face? This is precisely what a Spanish team has done with a new biomarker. The study. The future of medicine involves making increasingly earlier diagnoses so that the success of treatments is much greater, and now in a recent published article in Science Report The door opens for this to be a reality in dementia. To get here, what the researchers propose, where have you participated Rubén Armañanzas, from the DATAI Institute of the University of Navarra, is the use of a test such as the electroencephalogram together with artificial intelligence to develop a biomarker capable of predicting the risk of dementia with up to seven years in advance. Your methodology. To understand the magnitude of this advance, we must look at the population on which the study was carried out, which are people with subjective cognitive impairment. These are patients who go to the doctor because they notice that their memory is failing, but when they undergo standard cognitive tests, the results are completely normal, so they cannot be given a clear diagnosis even though it seems that something is not right. Until now, medicine found a blind spot in this phase as there was no way to know if these ‘complaints’ in memory were the prelude to Alzheimer’s or simply confusion. But now, the study with 88 older adults with this situation has shown that the brain emits alarm signals long before psychological tests detected them. You just had to know how to ‘read’ them. A new method. Here the research has unified different metrics to be able to read these warning signs. The first thing of all is to use an electroencephalogram to measure brain activity, which is a cheap, quick and non-invasive test. From here, the BrainScope technology platform analyzes this data by looking for 14 specific features related to neuronal connectivity and brain wave behavior. Once these characteristics are ‘found’, an AI algorithm comes in that processes the patterns and determines whether the patient analyzed can progress towards mild cognitive impairment or dementia such as Alzheimer’s. And the results are spectacular, since it has demonstrated outstanding precision when separating patients who develop the disease from those who do not. The future. The great value of this biomarker is not only technological, but also clinical, since the most reliable current tests to predict pathologies such as Alzheimer’s require painful lumbar punctures or scans that are not cheap. A system based on EEG and AI could be easily integrated into primary care clinical protocols or routine neurological consultations as it does not have a very high cost and, above all, is not invasive. The important thing here is to detect neurodegeneration in the earliest phases in order to gain golden time so that new drugs can act at the beginning of the disease and gain years of quality of life. Images | Robina Weermeijer In Xataka | We have a new “theory of everything” to understand Alzheimer’s. Its key is in some small granules

Hollywood has been debating for years whether AI can replace real actors. With Val Kilmer the debate turns into practice

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A year after his death, Val Kilmer will appear in a fiction film without filming a single scene. ‘As Deep as the Grave’ uses generative AI to bring the actor to life with the explicit support of his family and respecting the rules of the actors’ union. It is the first documented case of a Hollywood star being digitally recreated on this scale and with this level of legitimacy. Perhaps in the future this film will be seen as the point at which there was no turning back. As deep as the grave. Val Kilmer died on April 1, 2025, at the age of 65, from pneumonia resulting from the throat cancer that he had been fighting since 2014. This week, almost a year later, the production company First Line Films has announced that the actor will return to the screens in a role that he was never able to film. The film, initially known as ‘Canyon of the Dead’, is a historical drama based on the true story of Ann and Earl Morris, early 20th century archaeologists who documented the culture of the Navajo people in Canyon de Chelly, Arizona. Kilmer was cast five years ago to play Father Fintan, a Native American Catholic priest and spiritualist. The role was designed around him: Kilmer identified with the character’s Native American heritage and with the story’s spiritual link to the American Southwest, where he made his home in New Mexico. “We were ready to film his part. Just, (Val Kilmer) was going through a very, very difficult medical time,” has counted director and screenwriter Coerte Voorhees. Go for AI. The production accumulated six years between filming and forced stops due to the pandemic. When the Voorhees brothers (Coerte directs, John produces) reviewed the material, they saw that Father Fintan’s scenes were essential to the story. Replacing the actor was a possible solution, but they did not have the budget to repeat the shoot. So they chose to generate it artificially. What makes this recreation technically unique is not only the use of images of the actor at different stages of his life, many contributed directly by his family, but the decision to use his real voice, deteriorated by the tracheotomy that Kilmer had to undergo during cancer treatment. Father Fintan suffers from tuberculosis in the fiction, which turns his altered voice into a character trait. The character generated by AI occupies, according to those responsible, a significant part of the final footage. Pioneer Kilmer. The curious thing is that Kilmer was one of the first actors to actively resort to AI to preserve his communication skills. In 2021, while working on the documentary ‘Val’, he collaborated with the startup Sonantic to reconstruct your voice from hours of archival recordings. The company had to develop new algorithms (the available material was ten times less than what they used in other projects) and generated more than 40 different models before selecting the most expressive. That work reached the general public in 2022, when Kilmer appeared in ‘Top Gun: Maverick’, in an appearance that was one of the most talked-about moments of the film. Seal of approval. What distinguishes ‘As Deep as the Grave’ is the consents that support it. The actor’s daughter, Mercedes Kilmer, states that “my father always looked at emerging technologies with optimism, as a tool to expand the possibilities of the story. This spirit is what we honor within this film.” The producers also assure that the film followed the SAG-AFTRA union guidelines and that the actor’s family receives financial compensation. The environment. This news comes amid constant updates on the topic of AI to generate prototypes of real actors or completely new virtual creatures. In recent months, the Xicoia company launched Tilly Norwooda character entirely generated by AI whom she presented as an actress, and which SAG-AFTRA unambiguously condemned, calling her a direct threat to the profession. Here, however, we have the posthumous realization of a job that the actor himself had accepted. But… what will happen when the technology is accessible to productions without family endorsement? How is compliance with SAG-AFTRA standards monitored in independent productions? Can a case like this normalize practices in less scrupulous hands? Header | Variety In Xataka | Seedance’s strategy was to copy first, go viral later and back away later. Until Hollywood said “enough”

We knew that mobile phones had an impact on children’s mental health. A study has defined the border: 16 years

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Today, we live in a time of great debate around Instagram, TikTok or X, wondering if they really negatively affect our minors, with several governments promoting the possibility of banning them, including Spanish. Now, a new study longitudinal has shed light on the true impact that using social networks can have on mental health, pointing to a much more complex scenario than we think. The study. It has been a team from the Miguel Hernández University that has decided to put the focus precisely on social networks at a time when research paints a very worrying picture. But in this case wanted to put the focus in the nuances that should really matter to us: age, gender and mental health status prior to entering the world of social networks. And its conclusions change the classical conception. It’s not how much, but how. Until recently, the most classic concept to measure danger was “screen time.” In this way, different reviews suggested that spending more hours in front of the cell phone was equivalent to having a worse well-being. But the UMH research goes a step further and focuses on how networks interfere with daily life, sleep or personal relationships. Here the most striking finding that the research team saw was that the impact of this problematic use on depressive symptoms has a very clear boundary: 16 years. But it fades. Although researchers have observed that increased depressive symptoms It is much more acute in those under 16 years of age, it has also been seen that around this age the effect diminishes. The reason that marks 16 years as a true frontier is precisely the greater capacity for emotional and cognitive self-regulation that adolescents have as they mature little by little. In this way, young people from the age of 16 become less vulnerable to the negative impacts of the digital environment, something pointed out by other external studies that already warned that early pre-adolescence is the true critical period of exposure to social networks as they are more sensitive. A gender gap. Another worrying point raised by science is how digital popularity affects depending on whether the teenager is a boy or a girl. And right now we live in the era of followers where anything is done to see how our accounts have more and more followers. And while it may seem like having more followers is a positive reinforcement for any teen, the data says otherwise. The researchers point out here that having a greater number of followers is associated with a greater number of depressive symptoms, and especially in girls. The reasons lie in the pressure to maintain a perfect image, the fear of being analyzed down to the last detail and, logically, the cybervictimization. A set of factors that act as a toxic cocktail towards mental health. In the boys. Here, having many followers has a neutral or even somewhat protective effect, operating as a status enhancer within a group of friends, for example. That is, the complete opposite of girls, marking a gender gap that has also been investigated by other third-party studies that already warned that the mental health of minors is much more susceptible to the dynamics of online validation. Previous vulnerability. Do social networks depress you or were teenagers already depressed? This is the question we can ask ourselves when addressing this complex issue, and science indicates that adolescents who already suffered from a previous vulnerability before using the networks are the most susceptible. In this way, if a young person already presents depressive symptoms, their evolution will be significantly worse if they develop problematic use of networks. In these cases, the screen becomes a true refuge that ends up worsening the original picture when exposed to a large number of people or by consuming negative content. What should we do? The great conclusion that can be drawn here is that We must protect preteens as they are the most vulnerable, and also give priority attention to girls because they suffer much greater aesthetic and validation pressure. This is where governments come in with the regulations that are already being put on the table to prevent these most vulnerable young people from being exposed to something that can be so harmful. Images | Johnny Cohen In Xataka | We say we are “depressed” beyond our means: where does the illness end and where does the illness begin?

Mercadona has been a threat to other supermarket and restaurant chains for years. Now it is for Starbucks

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Mercadona gained fame (and money) as a supermarket chain, but it has long since explore business avenues in sectors that go far beyond the retail traditional. The clearest movement was made in 2018, when it launched a section of cooked dishes and “ready to eat” (in fact the service is literally called that) that has grown at record speed. Today it is already offered in 1,110 stores and has allowed Juan Roig’s chain to become an unexpected rival for hoteliers, who have seen how the firm monopolizes almost 20% of the expense in food and drink, more than bars and restaurants. Now there is another sector with reasons to be on guard: coffee shops. What has happened? That Mercadona has just launched a new service in Euskadi. At the end of February The Mail revealed that the Valencian chain installed a freshly ground coffee machine ready to go in a supermarket in Bilbao. Said like this, it may seem like minor news, but it has more to it than it seems. To begin with, because it is the first Mercadona establishment to adopt this service in Basque lands. Second, because it demonstrates the speed with which the company is filling its supermarkets with ground coffee machines. Are you riding that many? It’s not so much that coffee makers are available in many stores as it is the speed at which they are expanding. Mercadona’s commitment to freshly ground coffee machines is very recent. People began to talk about her in March 2025when the company started its first tests in a handful of locations in the province of Valencia. “This is a laboratory,” the company then recognizedwho did not hide his desire to move the bet beyond Valencia. Its initial objective was that (if the idea worked) it would move to premises in the Community of Madrid after the summer. Now it is looking further, as demonstrated by its premiere in Bilbao. Is it really growing? Yes. At least if we take as reference the dossier of gastronomic services published by Mercadona itself on its website. It details that the company has continued to expand its network of coffee services, taking it to new cities. Not only that. For months Mercadona advertise the service with a specific section in which it states that it has black coffee, milk, coffee and cappuccinos. The cups can be consumed on the premises. The bet connects in part with Mercadona’s new store concept, the T9which seeks to adapt the premises to new consumer trends. Why is it important? Everything that revolves around Mercadona generates expectation. And it’s normal. Roig’s firm has managed to conquer a market share of about 30%which (beyond struggles within the retail) means that it is the chain that thousands of families trust when they need to fill their refrigerators. This growth has allowed it to become a heavyweight in the food sector, one that is no longer just viewed with suspicion by the rest of the supermarket chains. Its long shadow is also felt in the hospitality industry. Recently the consulting firm Worldpanel by Numerator published a report in which it states that Mercadona already has a value share in food and beverage consumption of 19.7%. What does that mean? That practically a fifth of everything we spend on food and drink ends up at Mercadona checkouts. The percentage is tremendous not only because of its reach. It is also the case when compared with other actors analyzed in the same study. The sum of bars, cafes and terraces is assigned a quota of around 11.2% and independent restaurants 8.6%. Conclusion: Mercadona is not only ending the idea of ​​cooking at home, it threatens to do the same with restaurants. Why is it important? Because regardless of how Mercadona is doing, its commitment reflects profound changes in the consumption habits of Spaniards. In fact, the chain’s success is largely explained by its aim when drawing up strategies. First, it opted for the short assortment model, filling its shelves with private label items. He then launched himself into the prepared food market, convinced that kitchens have the days counted. Now your new bet invites you to ask yourself another question: Will we continue going to cafes for a mid-morning coffee or will we have it at the supermarket? Images | Mercadona In Xataka | The war against Mercadona in Spanish retail is having a great beneficiary: the supermarket next to home

We have been looking for fire hydrants in photos for years to prove that we are not a robot. Turns out we were the robot after all

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It happens to us every day: we try to enter a website and suddenly a grid of poor quality photos requires us to identify all the traffic lights, buses or even fire hydrants even though in Spain, for example, they do not have the characteristic design that is applied in the US. When we solve these puzzles we are not only proving that we are not a robot: we are working for Google. Google slaves. In the early 2000s, bots were destroying the internet, but a young man named Luis von Ahn had a great idea to stop them. Believe CAPTCHAa system that forced us to identify distorted words to prove that we were human and thus be able to access the content. That system evolved and Google bought the idea and turned it into a perfect system for something we have barely noticed: working for it. From Google Maps to Waymo. Since then, Google has not stopped taking advantage of the system for two intertwined objectives. The first, effectively, protect us from bots. The second, also known but much juicier for the company, is to turn us all into information taggers. Internet users first recognized words and became a gigantic OCR system that was applied to Google Maps. Then, with images, we ended up helping Google’s image recognition systems improve significantly. That has served, among other things, to feed the Waymo autonomous driving systems. Statistical consensus. How does Google know that when we choose a fire hydrant or a bus we are responding correctly? It knows this through the so-called “statistical consensus.” Google usually presents images in pairs: one of them (the control image) has already been previously identified by thousands of people, while the other is an “orphan” image that its computer vision algorithms cannot decipher. If you guess the known one, Google assumes you are human and uses your answer about the unknown image to feed its database. We are the product. All of our readers were probably already very aware of this reality, but now a debate is beginning to activate about the ethics and ownership of digital work. It is something that we already saw with social networks, which were fed by our content, and that certainly also applies to Google: to what extent is it legal for a company to have a huge AI infrastructure thanks to the billions of hours of unpaid “microwork” of its users? Here the famous “If you don’t pay for the product, you are the product.“. It is true that these Google systems have protected us from bots and we have not paid for them “with money”… but with those micro-jobs that we have carried out when solving the puzzles of the reCAPTACHA systems. Is it possible to poison the algorithm? Here also doubts arise about the true reliability of the system. If a mass group of users decided to mislabel traffic lights or fire hydrants in an organized way, would a self-driving car make dangerous decisions in the real world? That risk seems reasonable, and considering that AI models are increasingly more capable in abstract reasoning and even overcoming captchasan attack by AI bots that did something like this poses a threat worrying. The invisible CAPTCHA. Google itself knows that visual CAPTCHAs are no longer so insurmountable for machines, so it has been moving its systems towards reCAPTCHA v3a invisible system that does not require you to look for buses, zebra crossings or fire hydrants that you will never see on a street in Malaga or Bilbao. Instead, this system opaquely analyzes your behavior in front of the PC: how you move the mouse, what cookies you have installed and how you navigate. Or what is the same: Google thinks it knows how a human behaves when you’re going to click on “I’m not a robot”… when we’ve been working like robots for years and solving those puzzles. a brilliant idea. What is clear is that CAPTCHA has been a brilliant idea with implications that not even Google could have anticipated. In fact, it has turned this tool into a way to feed its artificial intelligence systems with our help, without us practically knowing (or caring much). But you know: the next time a website asks you to identify fire hydrants before entering it, remember that you are not demonstrating your humanity. You’re signing on to the afternoon shift at one of the largest data factories on the planet. In Xataka | The US blocked its most advanced chips from China to stop its AI. The result: China makes tokens cheaper than anyone else

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