Sweden

In Europe, more rent among women always equals less children. A country has managed to change it: Sweden

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A while ago Martin Kolk, a demographer from the University of Stockholm, asked an interesting question: does the income level influence the number of children who have men and women throughout their lives? And if so, to what extent? To answer these issues he dedicated himself to combing the fertility and income databases of his country, Sweden, of the last decades. The result He published it In 2022 in Population Studieswhere it reveals a change in tendency in Swedish society that, like Kolk himself stands outcould move to other nations. Your conclusion It is as simple as it is interesting: Sweden seems to have ended The paradox that often the richest people are the least children. Issue of children and money. Having children demand money. Last year Save the Children He made accounts And he concluded that, on average, in Spain he leaves 758 euros per month, if they have as soon as all the factors involved in parenting, from food to education, health or the need for a broader housing. Despite that reality (paternity costs) there are many low -per capita income in which the fertility rate is Very superior to that of other richer nations. For example, it occurs with Niger and the United Kingdom. The other question. Another phenomenon that demographers have observed in the past, such as remember The Institute for Family Studies (IFS), is that in the rich countries women with the highest level of education and labor perspectives have fewer children. “While the theoretical arguments that (…) affirm that the richest parents should be able to have more children, industrial societies of the twentieth century have shown the reverse pattern,” Kolk points out. The United States offers A good example: The highest birth rate is achieved by the poorest families. The big question is … Is that trend still true? Diving between data. To answer that question and others as to what extent the income affects birth or, in reverse, how motherhood in income influences, Martin Kolk opted for a peculiar strategy: took into account the accumulated income by its compatriots throughout its life, analyzing in detail the 40 -year Swedish data and income for each birth cohort. Its analysis covers a wide period that extends to the 1940s, 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, valuing the “accumulated income” in Swedish crowns. The analysis, of course, has its biases. Kolk focused only on the Swedish population, leaving even the people who had emigrated. However, his work is thorough: he analyzes people between the ages of 20 and 60, valued the income that they “accumulate” when they reach 50 years and took into account factors such as available income or aid to fatherhood. Men: richer, more children. In the case of men, he appreciated a fairly clear relationship between accumulated income and fatherhood that has not left great surprises over the years. “The richest men are the ones who have the most children and that pattern has accentuated over time. At higher income, more children,” Comment The Stockholm expert, which even warns: “It is increasingly frequent that men with very low income do not have children.” In his study, Kolk points out that it is not so much that the richest men accumulate a lot of offspring as it is more frequent that they have two, three or four offspring compared to other men with a more adjusted income level. And what about women? It is there where research gets interesting. Among the Kolk women did appreciate a trend change. And of course. While between those born in the 1940s and 1950s, lower income (accumulated income available) was accompanied by more children, which did so over the subsequent years (between 1960 and 1970) showed the opposite photo: the highest income indicated greater offspring. “The trend is reversed: the pattern is more similar to that of men”, Confirm. The full photography is somewhat more complicated. Women with the highest income, for example, are not necessarily those who have the greatest number of children and the trend is not exactly the same if we talk about “accumulated income” or profits. But from the University of Stockholm they appreciate in any case a “significant change” in the fertility pattern of women. And a change that breaks with what was the general tonic for a long time. “The results contrast with those of many other high -income countries in the twentieth and twenty -first centuries, in which researchers have shown that it was more common to have many children among men and women with lower income.” Looking for the causes. Detected the change in trend, the next question is obvious: why? What has caused it? Kolk points to social changes (especially those related to the labor market) and family policies of Sweden. Unlike what could happen decades ago, when many of the women who had children were housewives dedicated to home care, now “women do not have to choose between having children and follow a career.” “What is observed is a transformation of a society where women, to some extent, had to choose between a professional career or have children to a society in which these decisions no longer have to make.” Among the women of the 1940s and 195th, those of lower income were often housewives. It is demography … and above all it is economy. The study shows another valuable reading, especially for countries that have seen how their fertility descended over the years. Research shows that in general people with very low income levels do not usually have children, something extensible to men and women. Also clarify that this pattern “It has accentuated over time”which confirms to what extent the economic factors influence motherhood. “Today, an increasing number of women and men with low income in Sweden decide not to have children,” concludes The expert as an example. “The paradox is left behind”. For IFS Kolk’s research reveals that “at least in Sweden the paradox that the richest people have less children seems to be left behind,” … Read more

Sweden has managed to be 100% recyclable and turn its waste into energy. Spain follows it closely

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More than 190 million tons annuls of urban waste are generated in Europe, according to The European Waste Association. This amount of garbage has increased greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to climate change. However, to deal with recycling is not enough, but some countries have found a way to generate energy. 100% recycled. One of those countries and precursor has been Sweden, which They have found In the incineration of waste an energy source, providing heating and electricity to 250,000 homes. Energy source. The data, provided by the Swedish state company VattenfallThey have indicated that only 1% of the trash ends in landfills; The rest becomes energy through the use of biomethane. Thanks to this energy source they can generate heating, electricity and even can be used as fuel for cars. In addition, the Swedish nation is importing the waste from other European countries to produce more energy. The process. Waste management in Sweden It is done In plants Waste-to-Energy (WTE). Once there they are divided into three categories. The first is the organic garbage that is transformed into biogas, compost and fertilizers. Then the plastics that end up recycling. Finally, all non -recyclable waste is incinerated at temperatures up to 850 ° C to generate electricity and heating. And in Spain? A recent report, which has had access Infobaesaid that the Spanish nation will not meet the waste management objectives established by 2025. In it they have stressed that the waste sector is responsible for 5% of greenhouse gas emissions. But are they taking action? The central government has proposed to implement A packaging system, in which citizens will receive a refund for recycling containers. For its part, the Valencian Community will reuse The waste and mud that left the Dana, and is studying the possibility of incinerating them to generate electricity. But there was not an ace under the sleeve … Spain has A great potential To develop the biomethane industry, a renewable gas similar to natural gas that can be stored and injected into the current network. However, as indicated Cecilia Carballo for Fifodiesthe country is behind other European countries in terms of facilities. However, there is a glimpse of hope if appropriate support is given, Spain could take advantage of its ability to produce up to 160 twh per year, which would cover 50% of the national natural gas demand. For this, a robust regulatory framework and policies that foster their development are necessary. Image | Flickr and Norbert Nagel Xataka | A strange source of energy is putting the unity of Europe in energy matters: manure

In 1995, a Peugeot 205 GTI crashed in Sweden. Then began a world revolution in road safety

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It is estimated that 9,344 people died in traffic accidents in Spain in 1989. It was a real barbarity and a historical peak that, luckily, it seems that is far from repeating. These last ten years, Spain has moved among the 1,145 deceased in 2023 and 1,873 of 2014. They are still too many and a problem that several countries have tried to address. One of them was Sweden, which in the 90s proposed the ambitious goal of ending road deaths on their roads. His plan was baptized as ‘Vision Zero’, and it is something that has not only been exported to the rest of the world, but has changed the way in which manufacturers and authorities address both the construction of vehicles and roads. The accident that changed everything. In BBC Podemos read The case that convinced the Swedish authorities to start raising better road safety measures. A car crashed near an exit ramp when I was on its way to Ikea. The accident occurred against a concrete post that protected a lamppost and fulfilled its function for furniture, but caused the five passengers to lose their lives. At that time of 1995, Claes Tingvall had already been promoted to the Head of Road Safety of the Swedish Administration and remembers two things: that driving a three -door Peugeot 205 GTI and that, with the wet road and surely due to the speed of the vehicle They did Aquaplaing. The limits of security. At that time, vehicle security technology focused on what he baptized as “measures to mitigate the second impact.” Manufacturers focused on safety measures such as better children, airbags and safety belts. Come on, passive measures that, in addition, did not take into account what happened outside the vehicle (such as pedestrians or obstacles). Tingvall told BBC that it was insufficient, since “the car cannot solve everything” and realized that road deaths from traffic accidents were a mixture between the car itself, driver’s behavior, the safety features of the safety of vehicle and road conditions. Measures. In fact, Tingvall believes that the authorities were responsible. The reason was that, when he went to the transport authority to ask what would be done after the accident, he was answered that they would quickly replace the concrete with … a new one. It was not enough, so Tingvall demanded to eliminate all these posts and create “clear areas” on the sides of the roads so that, if someone leaves, does not clash against a wall. The authorities were not very convinced, since this would be to admit that the road design was wrong. In addition, all criminal punishments were focused on the reckless driver, but little by little they convinced that something should change and raised a new road safety approach called … ‘Vision Zero‘. Swedish road of 2+1 ‘Vision Zero’. “How many deaths should we have a long -term objective?” That was the question that Tingvall’s policy and Minister of Infrastructure made to the official. His response was: “zero.” It is something that caught the minister to her surprise, but the movements to achieve this utopian target with a bill presented in the Swedish Parliament in 1997 began. The objective was to have zero deaths on the road and was something that involved not only cars drivers and manufacturers, but also the authorities. A clause was very clear in this, since officials could no longer design roads for idealized drivers that are never distracted or exceed the limit. Said like this: “If road users do not properly assume their part of responsibility, for example, due to the lack of knowledge or skills, or if personal injuries occur or there is a risk that they occur for other reasons, system designers must take measures additional to prevent people from dying or suffering serious injuries. “ “Do not pretend that there are laws that you know that everyone will comply with. You would never do that in aviation or in other areas where you really care about security ” – Claes Tingvall Strategies. Ok, the theory is fine, but what does ‘Vision Zero’ imply? The project is based on the maximum that life and health can never be exchanged for other benefits for society and support In four principles: Ethics: Road safety is a responsibility and no death or serious injury due to a traffic accident should be considered inevitable. Responsibility: Both system designers (which includes authorities, engineers and legislators) and road users share responsibility for road safety. Security: the human errors are inevitableso the system must be designed to minimize the consequences of these errors. Change You have to promote better systems, strategies, infrastructure and speed limits to reduce the probability of fatal accidents. Roads 2+1. Within these strategies when designing roads, programs such as “Roads 2+1” come into play. Its name can be enigmatic, but basically it is roads that are not highways/highways, but they have three lanes. Thus, there is a lane in the direction, but also a central one that is the one that is used alternately to advance, reducing the probability of a frontal collision. This is something that minimizes driver’s frustration, maneuvers such as “look” to see if you can advance and also reduce the amount of insecure maneuvers we perform on the road. It is something that is already being tested in several countries, including Spain with cases like that of the National 121-A in Navarra. And roundabouts. Another measures that proposes This strategy is one that is extremely common in European countries, but not so much in others such as the United States. And those are, for some, complicated roundabouts. The reasoning is simple: at a crossroad, there is always a route in which the speed is greater than in which it is crossed, so it is easier for there to be accidents. In a roundabout, although there may also be a mess due to the use of lanes and intermittent, all who approach the roundabout and circulate within it must … Read more

The company closes a study in the United Kingdom and cuts personal in Germany and Sweden

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The movements in Ubisoft follow. The video game company based in Saint-Mandé has announced The dismissal of 185 employees. Part of the affected team was part of a study in the United Kingdom that will close its doors in the middle of an important restructuring. Ubisoft Leamington will completely cease its activities, while Ubisoft Düsseldorf (Germany), Ubisoft Stockholm (Sweden) and Ubisoft Reflections (United Kingdom) will receive a scissor to reduce costs, although they will continue to work with less personnel and resources. Times of change and survival The giant founded by the Guillemot brothers Buy Freestylegames from Activision in 2017. The operation included the transfer of the team that had developed products such as ‘Guitar Hero Live’. He was renamed as Ubisoft Leamington and got involved in several projects. The company used this study as support for the development of ‘Tom Clancy’s The Division‘,’Star Wars Outlaws‘,’Skull and bones‘ and ‘Far Cry 5‘. After almost a decade, Ubisoft has decided to dispense with this part of its structure to “guarantee long -term stability.” It is no secret that Ubisoft is not at its best. At the end of last year He announced that he would close ‘Xdefiant’, his ‘call of duty’ free. That decision, which will materialize this year, is accompanied by the closure of studies in San Francisco and Osaka. If we analyze the rest of the catalog, the panorama is not much more promising. Star Wars: Outlawswhich was outlined as one of the great bets of the year for the French company, ended up registering Christmas sales below expectations. With this scenario, the looks are set in ‘Assassin’s Creed Shadows‘Like the great hope to Revert the course in 2025. The problem is that the launch of this title has been delayed twiceand should be available from March 20 of this year. The first month of the year closes for Ubisoft with new drastic measures, all the chips placed in its next large title and increasingly strong rumors on a possible sale. The future of the company is still uncertain, and it remains to be seen if it will straighten the course. Images | Ubisoft In Xataka | Xbox releases the artillery by 2025 with in -depth views to the very brutal new ‘doom’ and the announcement of ‘Ninja Gaiden 4’

Sweden has just found another damaged underwater cable in the Baltic. The fourth case already has a suspect

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Last week there were two news that gave an idea that everything that surrounds the cuts and damage of underwater cables in the Baltic is far from ending. After an investigation carried out in the United States, it was slid that the cases in recent months They were not due to a Russian sabotage, but to inexperience and the deterioration. Hours later, United Kingdom put the focus on Russia After detecting a ship in its waters for the second time. Sweden too. A Sweden-Leonia cable. Apparently, A new underwater data cable, now between Sweden and Latvia, was damaged yesterday Sundaymarking the fourth recent incident in the Baltic Sea, one that generates concern in NATO about the vulnerability of critical infrastructure. Latvia’s prime minister, Evika Siliņa, has described the damage as significant and probably “caused by an external force”which has led to the opening of a criminal investigation. As we have explained, previous incidents They have been linked to Russian and Chinese ships. Ongoing research and measures. The Financial Times had a few hours ago That the systemal authorities already have a suspect. In fact, they sent a patrol boat to inspect a vessel near the cable at the time of damage, while two other ships are also being monitored. Swedish prime minister, Ulf Kristersson, confirmed the damage to at least one cable and said that Sweden is collaborating closely with Latvia and NATO to clarify the incident. In response to these attacks on critical infrastructure, NATO has deployed drones, submarines, ships and airplanes in the region Under the “Baltic Sentry” operationan action that aims to detect and prevent possible sabotage attempts. As we also count, United Kingdom has deployed its p8 posidon fighters. Background and suspicions. The situation, by repetitive, leads to the affected nations that there is something else. The Recent incidents in the Baltic They have fueled suspicions about possible acts of sabotage by Russian and Chinese vessels. Finland recently seized An oil tanker of the so -called “Shadow Flot” by Russiacomposed of old ships registered in remote jurisdictions such as the Cook Islands, which evade international sanctions. Finland Foreign Minister Elina Valtonen declared that It is unlikely that the damage will be accidentalalthough he avoided pointing directly to Russia. Not just that. In previous incidents, a Chinese ship, the Newnew Polar Bear, damaged a gas pipeline between Finland and Estonia by dragging your anchor, while Chinese load Yi Peng 3 crossed on two data cables In the same region in November. Subsequently, he remained a month in international waters between Denmark and Sweden, where he was approached by Chinese researchers, although access to Swedish inspectors was denied, generating criticism from Stockholm. Why are they so important. It We have underlined On more than one occasion, but now something else joins. This last incident occurs in a high voltage context, since Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are preparing to disconnect in February from the Soviet Electricity Inherited and join the European continental system, a key step for its total integration in the West. The three countries, NATO members and the EU, consider this transition as His last separation from Russian influencewhich has generated fears of possible sabotage attempts to hinder the process. In this regard, Lithuania Defense Minister Kęstutis Budry A review of navigation standards in the Balticespecially when it comes to the use of anchors, underlining the most obvious: that the high number of recent incidents reduces the possibility of accidents. Repairs and contingency measures. Unlike gas pipelines and power lines, whose repair can take months, Fiber optic cables damaged in the Baltic are usually restored in weeks. In fact, the State Radio and Television Center in Latvia has assured that it has already found alternative routes to maintain communications in operation. Be that as it may, the repetition of these incidents, The room in the Baltic in such a short timeposes a significant strategic challenge for the region, one that has intensified its cooperation with NATO to strengthen the protection of its critical infrastructure. In fact, the organization has made it clear that any new sabotage action will be faced with firmer measures to guarantee the protection of communications and energy supply in the region. Image | BORN In Xataka | United Kingdom will display the “Frankenstein” of the electronic war to protect its submarine cables: the P8 Poseidon In Xataka | A British nuclear submarine has discovered a Russian ship in front of its submarine cables. The second time in three months

Victoria from Sweden, with Zara metallic fringe jacket and knotted earrings

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Sweden victory yesterday, Saturday, January 18, she resumed her 2025 agenda. The heir to the throne did so by attending a gala on the occasion of the centenary of the Malmö Symphony Orchestraheld at the Malmö Live Concert Hall in the aforementioned city. The daughter of Carlos Gustavo and Silvia from Sweden captivated us again with a style featuring affordable pieces, as she did at the dinner with the Nobel Prize winners when she came dressed in a long H&M dress that Queen Letizia also loves. This time, it convinced with a configuration that we will surely emulate from now on on special occasions. © GTRES Copy Victoria of Sweden’s Spanish stamp look! Princess Victoria of Sweden wanted to take advantage of the concert that was held to surrender to Spanish fashion. The royal succumbed to a look as striking as it is sophisticated led by a fringed jacket belonging to Zara which, by the way, is already sold out. It is a metallic design with a round neckline and long sleeves with a front closure using hidden hooks. A perfect creation to elevate any proposal in a matter of seconds. © GTRES © GTRES Are you wondering how Daniel’s wife from Sweden completed the styling? Adding some long flowy wide-leg pantsa wardrobe basic capable of saving us in all types of environments. As far as accessories are concerned, Victoria from Sweden rose, first of all, to about black patent leather heeled shoes under the signature of Gianvito Rossi with whom we had already seen it before. An iconic pointed-toe model that will be drawn (if it hasn’t already) as the object we didn’t know we needed to look stylized and elegant in equal measure. © GTRES © GTRES Secondly, he completed the festive bet with a clutch adorned with rhinestones in various shades and Aldo pearls. Jewel accessory that already embraced in December 2023 –also at the traditional Nobel Prize dinner at the Royal Palace–. The jewelry itself also had a relevant role in the result. The heiress premiered the dangle earrings tinsel by Edbladwhich feature long interlocking chains and are made of shiny stainless steel. Likewise, he also did not hesitate to show off his usual ring Mom from the same house. © GTRES Regarding proposals beautyVictoria of Sweden opted for the significant event for a impeccable high bun somewhat casuala dream resource for guests looking to exude delicacy and simplicity with an easy-to-achieve updo. In relation to makeup, she conquered the space with a natural finish achieved from eyebrow pencil, mascara, glitter eye shadows, pink lipstick and subtle doses of blush. © GTRES

Sweden did not believe Russia’s economic data. He has found the proof he was looking for by observing Moscow from space

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If the question is how Russia’s economy is doing, the answer surely depends on who you ask. A few weeks ago, The New York Times published a report where he explained the tensions that exist between the Russian elites as economic growth slows of the nation. They signed up the sanctions and the war itself, but in the face of rhetoric, Moscow responded that they would endure all threats. Sweden was not so clear, and claims to have evidence of the real situation. Stagnation and signs of slowdown. As we have told other timesthe war economy that Russia launched at full speed after the invasion of Ukraine appears to be showing signs of significant slowdown. In fact and as the Times emphasizedeven generating tensions among the country’s economic elite as the conflict enters its fourth year. According to recent official data, many civil sectors have stopped growing and have even begun to declinewhich has exacerbated economic uncertainty. The Russian currency, the ruble, fell three weeks ago to its lowest level in two yearsand companies face difficulties in obtaining new loans or receiving payments from customers, reflecting an increasingly restrictive financial environment. Rise in interest rates. The response of the Central Bank of Russia has been a drastic rise in reference interest rates, reaching 21% in October, the highest level since the fall of the Soviet Union. Despite efforts to contain inflation, the economic growth forecast for the new year has been revised downwards, standing between 0.5% and 1.5%well below the 3.5% to 4% recorded in 2024. In the background, the elephant in the room: the slowdown occurs despite the continued record government spending to finance the warwhich indicates that economic stimuli are no longer having the same effect. Economists and officials have begun to warn about the imminent risk of so-called stagflationa dangerous combination of price increase without economic growth. The impact of sanctions and the Russian response. The strict economic sanctions imposed by the West in response to the invasion of Ukraine have limited Russia’s ability to maintain its military-spending-fueled growth. In this regard, the Kremlin has insisted that it has withstood the impact of sanctions, but slowing growth and rising inflation indicate otherwise. Civilian businesses, in particular, have been hardest hit by the economic crisis. For example, Russian Railways, the country’s largest employer, reported a 9% drop in cargo volume transported last October compared to the previous year. To counteract this decline, the company has announced a price increase of more than 10% and has reduced its investment plans for 2025 by a third. Despite this, experts consider that the crisis is not yet serious enough enough to force President Vladimir Putin to reconsider his ambitions in Ukraine. Conflict Central Bank and the industrial elite. One of the main points of conflict within the Russian economic elite is the relationship between the Central Bank of Russia and the country’s leading industrialists. The bank’s governor, Elvira Nabiullina, has implemented a strict monetary policy to curb inflation, which has generated criticism from businessmenwho argue that record-high interest rates are stifling growth. In response to these, Nabiullina recently defended his strategy before Parliament, arguing that all the country’s economic resources are being used to the maximum and that macroeconomic stability should not be sacrificed for accelerated growth. However, its position has become increasingly isolated in an environment in which Business interests demand more flexible measures to sustain their operations in a context of growing uncertainty. Distrust in official figures. And in the face of domestic rhetoric, Western officials have expressed skepticism about the veracity of the economic data provided by the Kremlin, arguing that the official figures do not accurately reflect the reality of the Russian economy. In this regard, the Minister of Finance of Sweden, Elisabeth Svantesson, expressed during the World Economic Forum in Davos that Russia is presenting an image of economic stability that does not match the real situation. According to Svantesson, government statistics, which put inflation at 9.5%are not credible considering that the Central Bank of Russia has raised interest rates to 21%a discrepancy that suggests much greater inflationary pressure than is officially recognized. Furthermore, the continued flight of capital is another indicator of the country’s economic difficulties, which a priori contradicts the Kremlin’s narrative of resistance to Western sanctions. The “trick” of space. Thus, and given the lack of confidence in Russian data, Western officials have resorted to alternative methods to assess the nation’s economic health, including in the equation analysis of night satellite images of Moscow. Svantesson pointed out that city ​​lighting in 2023 was visibly dimmer compared to 2021which, in his opinion, suggests lower energy consumption and, therefore, a decline in economic activity. In fact, comparative photographs from media like Business Insider showed that, although factors such as cloud cover and time of day can influence perception, in general a pronounced decrease in illuminated areas is observed, especially in the suburbs of the capital, which could point to this deterioration in the level of life and possible cuts in the electricity supply. Manipulation of the economic narrative. Svantesson went a little further, and even emphasized that the Russian government’s official narrative seeks to convince Ukraine and its allies that sanctions have not had the desired impact. However, the data (and alternative data, such as the analysis of night lights), suggest that the economic reality is somewhat different from the image projected by Moscow. The minister concluded that, although the exact state of the Russian economy cannot be known with certainty, what is clear is that “the official version promoted by the Kremlin is not true.” Image | POT In Xataka | The end of the war is very far away for two reasons. One is arriving in Ukraine from the US, the other is an unprecedented figure in Russia In Xataka | Russia already knows how to respond to the sanctions that block its international trade: with cryptocurrencies

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