Solving

We had a very serious problem with our resistance to antibiotics. Now we are closer to solving it

by

One of the great threats that humanity faces today is without a doubt the antibiotic resistancewhich leads to emergence of bacteria that are resistant to all pharmacological weapons that we have. This forces science to have to look for new antibiotics and new ways to ‘attack’ a bacteria. And at the moment it seems that we are approaching this great milestone with a new antibiotic that was hidden in plain sight. The problem. Having bacteria that you cannot compete against is undoubtedly a death sentence for the person who is unlucky enough to be its host. Something that responds to the mechanisms that these microorganisms have to evolve and develop ‘tactics’ that allow them to escape our antibiotics. A very typical situation in a hospital, especially where a bacteria that has been exposed to a treatment, but has survived, will adapt to that environment. This makes the WHO categorize antimicrobial resistance as “one of the top 10 threats to global public health.” Put another way: we are running out of antibiotics that work, since bacteria are evolving faster than we are discovering new drugs. And this is something that is also magnified by our own fault by taking antibiotics uncontrollably or not complete treatment guidelines appropriately. That is why the discovery just made by a team from the University of Warwick and Monash University is so spectacular: have found a “silver bullet” that had been hidden in plain sight for 50 years. The discovery. Published in it Journal of the American Chemical Societywe are talking about an antibiotic that, in early tests, has been shown to be up to 100 times more powerful than existing drugs against high-priority resistant bacteria, such as feared Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistant (MRSA). The molecule in question is called pre-methylenemycin C lactone (compound 5), and it has arrived to try to save humanity from this pandemic we are experiencing. But the most surprising thing is where they found it: in the Streptomyces coelicolora soil bacteria that is literally the “model organism” for the production of antibiotics and which has been studied endlessly since the 1950s. That is to say, we had a possible solution before our eyes and we had not realized it until now. This bacteria produces a well-known antibiotic called methylenemycin A that is low potency and is not used clinically. However, scientists decided to investigate not only the final product, but the intermediate steps of its biological “assembly line.” This is where it was seen that it intermediately produced methylenemycin C, which has much more powerful antimicrobial effects. And this is a lesson for science: we are always left with the result of the reactions (that is, the final product). But now what should be done is analyze everything that happens between the first substrate and the final product. Because we are seeing how methylenemycin A was discovered 50 years ago and it was not until now that one of its intermediate products has been a protagonist in this fight. As. To achieve this, the team used genetic engineering. Basically, they “sabotaged” the bacteria’s production chain by creating a mutation that eliminated the gene. mmyE. When this piece is missingthe bacteria could no longer complete the process and began to accumulate the “intermediate steps.” Something similar to when in a production line we remove one of the tapes and an intermediate version of what we were manufacturing begins to accumulate. The tests. When they tested the activity of the new molecule, the results were astonishing. Compound 5 (pre-methylenemycin C lactone) was “one to two orders of magnitude more active” (i.e., 10- to 100-fold) than methylenemycins A and C (the final products). In this way, it was finally possible to see that the result was up to 256 times more powerful than even some drugs. Something that is revolutionary. The great hope. Being powerful is all well and good, but the real battle is against resistance. That is, when the bacteria come into contact with this antibiotic, they can develop a system to get rid of its lethal effect. And this is where there is good news, since after subjecting the bacteria E. faecium At increasing concentrations of the new antibiotic for 28 consecutive days, a standard method for forcing the emergence of resistance, no resistance was detected. A new way to search. Until now, the intermediate products generated in the production of different medicines had been ignored. Now this study puts an end to this custom, since it has become clear that the identification and testing of the intermediate elements of biosynthesis can lead to a great revolution. Now with this new treatment, preclinical tests with animals remain to assess its safety with the aim of subsequently moving on to tests in humans and the evaluation of its side effects. Images | CDC Myriam Zilles In Xataka | AI has opened a chest that had been closed for almost 4 billion years: the salvation of antibiotics

We have been talking about microplastics for years without being very clear about how they affect us. Science is close to solving it

by

Plastic no longer only wraps our food or makes up the clothes we wear, but it has silently colonized our body. And microplastics have been found almost everywhere in the body: placenta, blood, lungs, testiclesbreast milk, brain human… But when faced with the big question of What effect does it have on the body?we are already having answers. The measurements. Studies already suggest that we could hold up to five grams of this material in our own brain. The image is shocking: the equivalent of a plastic teaspoon lodged in the deepest part of our being. Microplastics are particles, in this case they are very tiny, that come off from packaging, synthetic clothing, tires, cosmetics and countless everyday objects such as lettuce. But some are so small that they are able to cross the barriers of our lungs and intestines, travel through the bloodstream and deposit in our internal organs. What happens once there is the great unknown that scientists strive to clear up. The studies. Dr. Christian Pacher-Deutsch, from the University of Graz (Austria), recently presented a study in which he exposed human intestinal bacteria to five types of common microplastics. The result was quite clear: bacterial populations were altered, producing chemical changes, in some cases reflecting patterns observed in patients with depression and colorectal cancer. Although the researcher himself was cautious in pointing out that “although it is early to make definitive statements, reducing exposure to microplastics is a sensible precaution.” But the effects don’t stop in the intestine. Dr. Jaime Ross, a neuroscientist at the University of Rhode Island, conducted a revealing experiment: gave a group of mice water contaminated with microplastics to drink. Soon, the mice began behaving strangely, anxiously venturing into open spaces, an atypical behavior that is associated with aging and neurological diseases. Analyzing their brains, Ross found plastic in all organs and a reduction in GFAP, a key protein for brain health. This same pattern of exhaustion is seen in humans with depression and dementia. Caution. In this case, microplastics have been detected in arterial plaques, and an analysis concluded that people whose plaques were loaded with plastic were almost five times more likely to suffer a heart attack, stroke or die within three years. The practice. Faced with this avalanche of data, The Guardian wanted to move from theory to practice. The British journalist herself decided to undergo a test from the company Plastictox which, for £144, promises to reveal the amount of microplastics circulating in the blood. The test result indicated a concentration of forty microplastics per milliliters of blood. And although this figure placed her in the 25% of people with the least exposure, the laboratory gave her the total result: about 200,000 plastic particles in the bloodstream. However, other experts urge caution. Professor Stephanie Wright, a researcher at Imperial College London, calls this evidence “very premature.” He points out that although an analysis shows that there are 40 particles per ml, it is unknown if this is good or bad or if it will depend on the type of plastic it is or its origin. We live in real uncertainty. The advice. Although it is impossible to avoid exposure completely, there are a number of tips to avoid consuming this type of microplastics. For example, you can choose not to use plastic kitchen utensils or drink hot liquids from plastic cups. Even with the tap water either bottled we can have the same problem. Outside of food, the material composition of bedding or pajamas should also be reviewed, as they can release these types of particles, making cotton the best. Images | FlyD Chad Montano In Xataka | When Tap Water Tastes Like Hell: The Invisible Chemistry of Drinking Water That Explains Why It Tastes How It Tastes (And Why It’s One of the World’s Greatest Inventions)

29 years ago we clone to the Dolly sheep. Thanks to this, today we are one step closer to solving the fertility crisis

by

Imagine a future in which the infertility caused by the lack of ovules or sperm is no longer an insurmountable obstacle. A future where two men can have a biological child together, or where A woman who has lost her ability to produce ovules For age or for a cancer treatment may have offspring with its own genetics. This future, which until now belonged to science fiction, is a little closer thanks to a revolutionary advance that has been published in Nature. Biology This advance, which seems like a science fiction, has been made by the team of researchers at Oregon Health & Science University, led by Dr. Shoukhrat Mitalipov. In this case they have managed to develop an experimental technique that forces a skin cell (somatic) to reduce your number of chromosomes in half. It is, in essence, the most crucial and complicated step in the creation of a gamete (an ovule or a sperm). A process they have called mitomeiosis. To be able to understand it, you have to know that all the cells of our body have in total 46 chromosomes in its nucleus. But there is an exception: sperm and gametes that They have 23 chromosomes. A very important number so that when an ovule and sperm merge, they have a total of 46 chromosomes. That is why it is revolutionary that they have managed to get a skin cell to have 23 chromosomes to be an ideal candidate to give offspring. The trick. The natural process to create these haploid cells (with 23 chromosomes) is called meiosis. A very complex type of cell division that has been investigating for a long time. This made it replicate in a laboratory, which is known as in vitro gametogenesis (IVG) was one of the greatest challenges of biology. Something that now reminds us of what we already saw with the Dolly sheep in the cloning process. OHSU’s team addressed the problem in an ingenious way. Using a technique similar to cloning, called nuclear somatic cell transfer (SCNT). A technique that is complex, but can be summarized in three different steps: The first thing is to take a donated human ovule and extract the genetic material. In this way, the ovule maintained all its cytoplasm with the organelles, which ultimately is like the machinery that the cell has to produce energy and carry out many processes such as meiosis. Once done, a skin cell is taken (a diploid cell with 46 chromosomes in a 2N state) and is extracted the nucleus inside. Now it only remains to introduce the core of the skin cell into the ovule that has been emptied. The result. In this case it was amazing, since the ovule cytoplasm could ‘deceive’ the skin’s core, forcing it prematurely into a state similar to the metaphase of the Meiosis. This caused its 46 chromosomes to be organized in a spindle ready to divide, despite having skipped the DNA duplication phase in the cell cycle that is before the division of the genetic material. The problem. However, here they met a wall. In nature, the entrance of the ‘active’ sperm to complete its division, being mediated by a large number of zinc. But in this case, when they tried to fertilize the SCNT ovules with sperm, the vast majority (almost 77%) remained ‘arrested’ without reacting. The natural signal was not enough for this artificial construction. The solution in this case went to develop an artificial ‘starter’ key. After sperm fertilization, they applied an assisted activation protocol an electrical pulse by electroporation to simulate the calcium entry caused by sperm to its entrance, followed by a treatment with a chemical inhibitor called Roscovitin. And it is something that ended up working. Forced activation made the modified ovules leave their arrest and complete the division. The 46 chromosomes of the cell were separated, leaving an average of 23 chromosomes within the fertilized ovum (now a zigoto) and expelling a small polar body from the rest, having achieved the long -awaited ploidy reduction that was the objective of this experiment. Progress. The embryos resulting from this experiment containing chromosomes of the skin and sperm cell, beginning to divide and even some reached the blastocyst phase (an early development of about 5-6 days), with a success rate of 8.8%. This shows that genomes can integrate and work together. It’s just a test. The authors who are still a long way forward, since for now it is a “proof of concept” by not being a perfect replica of natural meiosis. In this case, segregation is random unlike meiosis, where it is ensured that each daughter cell receives a copy of each of the 23 types of original chromosomes. In this project the separation of homologous chromosomes (the paternal and maternal) was completely random. This generates aneuploid embryos that are incompatible with life. In addition, it also lacks ‘cross -rise’ or crossovera vital mechanism in meiosis where paternal and maternal chromosomes exchange fragments creating genetic diversity. This is something that is not present in this process and that takes away a lot of variability. The future. Despite the limitations of this study, work is a fundamental milestone. It aligns with other laboratories such as the Japanese Katsuhiko Hayashi that in 2023 managed to create functional ovules From male mice skin cells, with which healthy offspring were born. In the long term, the implications of these studies give hope to those women who suffer from infertility due to lack of functional gametes and who want to have offspring with their own genetics. The same happens in same -sex couples that also open the door for a couple of men (using a skin cell to create an ovule) or women (creating sperm) can have biologically related son between both members of the couple. Although we cannot also forget that right now there is a fertility crisis that causes that in Spain, for example, there is reduced birth rate. This is also conditioned that it is … Read more

Solving the big doubt about the most effective supplement to sleep better: magnesium or melatotine

by

Melatonin is perhaps in the most popular supplement for people with mild or occasional problems to reconcile sleep. But it is not the only one. In recent years, magnesium has become another well -known alternative, a Nutritional supplement to which we also attribute the ability to lend a hand when we have a hard time. Choosing between one and the other is not simple, There is no higher alternative To the other. Both supplements have demonstrated some capacity to facilitate sleep but the way they do differs completely. This implies that each of these supplements can be more useful in certain contexts, while the other could help us in different situations. Understanding the differences between them can help us choose in a better informed way between one alternative. The Melatonin sometimes receives the nickname of “sleep hormone.” As its name suggests, it plays a central function in our Circadian rhythmthat is, our sleep cycle. This compound is synthesized by our own body in the pineal gland and is released at night, when our senses begin to perceive the disappearance of daylight. Its function is to transmit the message that the time has come to sleep. Melatonin supplements have the objective of making this hormone transmit their sleep message to the brain even when our body does not consider that it is time to synthesize it by itself. Despite his growing popularitywe may not have heard about magnesium as sleep -related nutrient. This element is central to the biochemical processes developed by hundreds of enzymes in our body. Among these processes is the synthesization of melatonin. This would be a way in which magnesium could help us fall asleep, but perhaps it is not the main one. According to Experts explain Medical newsthis element plays a key role in tasks such as muscle relaxation. Exercise against calcium (which we use in contraction), blocking its action channels and thus helping our muscles relax. In addition, magnesium is also linked to other neutraltansmiores, such as Aminobutiric gamma acid (GABA). In this context, magnesium regulates the signs of this neurotransmitter, which again translates into “calm and relaxation.” The usefulness of magnesium as it helps when sleeping It has been observed by Some studiesbut it should be noted that there are still many doubts about their real ability to achieve this goal: some experts warn of the existing limitations in scientific literature. This was pointed out for example a systematic review of literature and meta -analysis published in 2021 In the magazine BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. Different ways, different uses Melatonin stands out in contexts in which our cycle of vigil and sleep is disrupted. An example is the Jet lag that we suffer when changing abruptly from spindle. Adjusting our sleep cycle to a new schedule can be difficult, depending on the magnitude of change and personal circumstances. The supplements can offer us the melatonin we need to sleep at night until our body can end up adjusting to change. Magnesium, meanwhile, stands out for its help to muscle and psychological relaxation. This can help improve sleep quality and reduce the impact of anxiety About our sleep cycles. What if I combine them? Combining supplements can be an option in certain cases. According to Some experts suggestmelatonin has an advantage when helping us with “adjustments” in the short term in sleep; while magnesium has a broader range of benefits. Many of the clinical trials that have investigated the effect of magnesium on our dream have been based on trials on which a combination of substances. Combination that generally included not only magnesium but also melatonin. This strengthens the idea that this combination has the ability to help us with our sleep problems, at the same time that is also one of the reasons that skeptical experts of the use of magnesium as a supplement use. After all, if we have only proven that it works in conjunction with other compounds, we have no forceful evidence of its solo use. The side effects of melatonin and magnesium supplements are mild, but like any drug, it is convenient to meet them when deciding on a treatment. Among the possible adverse effects more common from melatonin They meet the headache, dizziness, nausea and diurnal drowsiness; But there have also been cases of vivid or nightmare dreams, short -term depression, irritability, constipation or diarrhea, among others. The side effects of magnesium are also usually mild, although also Their contraindications should be considered. The adverse effects of this supplement usually appear when consumed in high doses and usually have a gastrointestinal character, including diarrhea, nausea or vomiting. In Xataka | I put myself in the hands of some “sleep headphones” in the hope of reconciling sleep. It has come out regular Image | Vladislav Musekov / Beelith USA

Chinese immigrants have always been a mystery to Spain. The podcast ‘a and a half Chinese’ is solving it from within

by

‘A and a half Chinese’ is one of the last phenomena that have emerged in Spain portraying the Chinese-Spanish experience. It’s about A podcast Made by a couple of young people from Chinese origin but totally settled in Spain, and who interview program after program to immigrants from the Asian country (although not exclusively), with which they address extremely diverse issues: from the personal experience of a Chinese that is also black to the evolution of purely Chinese businesses in Spain such as restaurants or bazaars. A combination of success. Jiajun Yin and Lin are the two presenters of ‘A and a half Chinese’, and a fast flutter on the themes of your programs And the extracts that select for social networks make clear the secret of their success, beyond the acidic gaze that translates the Chinese experience in Spain. It is a program that raises a very personal balance between playing with the topics of the Chinese seen from outside (with humor that, if it came from someone not Chinese, would be considered racist, as competitions to open your eyes a lot) and first -hand information about How Chinese immigrants open so many businesses in Spain. Main themes. The themes that Jiajun Yin and Lin van from personal anecdotes to the cultural shock, through the process of dismantling community stereotypes or detailing the differences between generations of migrants. Thanks to their ability to make a speaker of issues little visible in traditional media and, with the help of their closeness and humorous tone, they have earned an audience that exceeds, Only on YouTubealmost 130,000 subscribers. Chinese-Spanish for the world. ‘A and a half Chinese’ is not an isolated phenomenon there are multiple creators and artists who have similar approaches: an integration experience in Spain, but without losing their Chinese identity along the way. For example, without leaving the orbit of podcasts, we have a ‘Banana Generation‘. Its author is Ouyang Zhu, with a more serious point than ‘a Chinese and a half’ and that borders activism, with conversations about the Children of migrants And the problems to integrate, getting to touch aspects such as the relationship between racism and mental health. Second generation. Content creators such as ‘a Chinese and a half’ or ZHu address the needs and concerns of a second generation of migrants. This claimed in ‘El País’ the need to have “mediocre referents“That they are not marked by success or sacrifice. It is a generation often raised in solitude due to the work demands of the parents, who often Invite your podcast to also expose their views. On paper. Not only in the world of podcasts there are authors with these themes. For example, Quan Zhou Wu She is a comic author born in Spain of Chinese parents. Theirs are works such as ‘Gazpacho Agridulce’, ‘Andaluchinas for the world’ and ‘People from here, people from there’, in which they also add up issues such as racism, bureaucracy or the sense of belonging. Minke Wang, meanwhile, is a writer and poet and lives in Spain since the age of ten. In books like ‘Overseas voices‘makes a non -fictional story about the hybrid identity that has marked several generations of his family. A mentality that has marked second generation migrants, who are now being expressed with their own works. In Xataka | China wants to dominate world trade and has a plan in progress: bring the sea to its interior cities

Steve Jobs discovered that meetings were a huge problem. Larry Page confirmed that solving it was not easy

by

He excess meetings At work it has been a obstacle to productivity For decades. Although today it is A very debated topicalready in 1986 Steve Jobs He identified him as one of the great enemies of efficiency in technology companies. Decades later, Larry Page, co -founder of Google, also faced this problem by assuming CEO in Eric Schmidt replacement. At that time he realized the challenge of solving that problem without causing others Even worse. Jobs and Page attempts to change the meetings culture They showed that, although the solutions seem simple, putting them into practice is much more complicated than it seems. Steve Jobs and the problem of meetings In 1986, Steve Jobs realized that frequent and unproductive meetings were negatively affecting the creativity and efficiency of the equipment, as recognized in the letters collected in the book ‘Make submission Wonderful‘. Jobs noted that, instead of helping to advance, many of the meetings in Next They became a waste of timebraking innovation and quick decision making. Jobs promoted the idea of ​​minimizing meetings (and even prohibit them on Thursdays) and only call them when they were really necessary. According to Jobs, The key I was to keep small and focused teams, avoiding large groups where most attendees did not contribute anything relevant. This philosophy later helped Apple maintain its agility and response capacity, in addition to inspiring the CEO of another great technological: Google. Larry Page and the challenge of changing Google In 2011, Larry Page took the command of Google as CEO, at a time when the company already had 30,000 employees and increasingly ambitious challenges. Such and As I counted Jacob Votko, former employee of Google who lived in the first person those changes, Page realized that the excess meetings was affecting the company’s capacity To innovate quickly. The former employee had an anecdote in the Larry Page had criticized large companies as Yahoo! Because it took weeks to update their main page, while in Google they did it in hours. However, now that Google had grown up, Page wondered if in a startup someone would be making jokes about the slow decision of Google. To combat this problem, Larry Page He sent an email To the entire company with new Rules for meetings: Every meeting must have a “decision maker.” You can discuss issues, but once determined, each one executes them as if the decision were their own. Each meeting must have a clear purpose, structure and agenda. If you have nothing to contribute, don’t go All must be punctual, and pay full attention to the meeting (not other background tasks) Celebrate meetings in groups of less than 10 people and broadly spread the notes Establish a maximum duration of 50 minutes instead of an hour and respect those time limits The difficulties of applying new rules Although Page’s instructions were clear, Votko said that the implementation of these measures was not simple. Many employees continued to extend meetings until they were impossible for them to continue because others needed the room. In fact, some teams even tried to take advantage of the 10 -minute holes between meetings to carry out rapid meetings in which they did not even sat, generating friction with users who extended their meetings beyond the regulatory 50 minutes. According to published Business InsiderLarry Page established that no decision should wait for a meeting, and if it required a meeting, it should be summoned urgently. That generated some confusion and organizational chaos since it was interpreted as that these meetings had preference over others, demonstrating that changing such entrenched habits requires much more than simple rules. To reinforce these changes, Larry Page divided Google into seven large groups of product, each with a clear person responsible. The goal was that each of them will act like a startup internal In this way, decision -making would be expedited and unnecessary bureaucracy and unnecessary meetings would be avoided. More than a decade later, great technological ones try again apply the same recipes To prevent someone, in some startup, not get rid of his slowness When making decisions. In Xataka | Working in Google was a dream for many. Paradise in the technology offices is now fading Image | AppleFlickr (Niall Kennedy), Unspash (Rodeo Project Management Software)

We had many doubts about the relationship that Neanderthals and Sapiens had. The remains of a child are solving them

by

Today is a fact recognized by the scientific community, which sapiens(Homo sapiens) and Neanderthals (H. Neanderthalensis) They lived in some contexts. Fruit of that coexistence, the procreation between both human species and, the result of that procreation, a Neandertal genetic legacy that still lasts, to a greater or less measure, in our genes. Fruit also of that hybridization were the remains of the one we know today as the Lapedo child. New dating. Now, a new study He has managed to stop These bone remains found almost 30 years ago in the Lapedo Valley, in the center-west of Portugal. According to this new dating, the child to whom these bones belonged would have lived about 28,000 years ago, millennia after the extinction of their Neanderthal ancestors. A key finding. The remains of the Lapedo child was found by chance in 1998 in the homonymous valley, near the Portuguese city of Leiria. At the time, the infant bone remains assumed an important test in favor of the hybridization hypothesis between Neanderthals and Sapiens. The bones showed their own features. Of the Neanderthals would have inherited attributes such as complexion. At the time when some experts DNA began to study Of the bone remains left behind by the Neanderthals, these remains showed us otherwise the results of the hybridization between our species and its evolutionary “cousins”. Studies that would also help confirm this hybridization. New information 27 years later. The new study estimates that the Lapedo child would have lived between 27,780 and 28,550 years ago. The dating had been elusive so far since the remains were surrounded by organic matter belonging to different periods. The team managed to save this obstacle focusing on an amino acid present in the collagen of human bones. “Being able to successfully date the child, we feel like a small piece of their history, which is a great privilege,” explained to Phys.org Bethan Linscott, co -author of the study. The details of the study have been published In an article In the magazine Science Advances. Rites … The child’s bones are only part of the history of the society in which he was born. And, as Linscott explains, these remains were found in a grave, they had not been left behind but had received some kind of funeral rite. The bone remains were found along with animal bones. Next to the child were discovered remains belonging to a deer, and about the child, remains belonging to a rabbit. A piece of coal that seemed to be part of a funeral rite was also discovered. The study of the different elements showed a somewhat different story. While rabbit’s remains were contemporary of the infant’s remains, both the deer bones and the piece of bastard would be prior to the era in which this lived. … and superstitions? Another important detail that reveals the Lopedo site is that this was abandoned for at least two millennia after the burial of the young man. This allows us to speculate with the reason for this migration and about its possible connection with the tomb found in this environment. In Xataka | 8,000 years ago a group of farmers crossed the Aegean Sea. Its trail can still be seen in the DNA in Media Europe Image | Jakub Hałun

Column by Nancy Alvarez: Solving things like human beings

by

Regarding the treatment that we human beings owe to each other, we can no longer speak of civilization, in any way. I was very surprised by how my colleagues from the program “Desiguales” (Univisión) reacted to the fact that Trump and Obama were speaking, very pleasantly, at the funeral mass of former President Jimmy Carter. They were surprised that they smiled and spoke kindly, as if analyzing issues in the middle of mass. They wondered what two people from two different parties were doing talking so friendly. So, I asked them: why do we continue to teach our children that people who do not think alike, from different parties or from two football teams, should get along badly? Before, I saw that US presidents got along well, and even met to try to find solutions to problems. What was the point of not doing it? Why if I am for Trump and you are for Biden, do we have to be enemies? Why can’t we talk? Dialogue is civility, basic education. That is to say to children: we can think differently or disagree on something, but we have to talk and solve things like the human beings that we are. I feel very proud to see that these two people are saying, to those who think like animals, that it is possible to negotiate. I always give this example: I hate Joaquín Balaguer, former Dominican president, with all the strength of my heart. I have serious reasons. I’ve tried for years to stop doing it, and I’ve gotten better, but I still hate it, I have to admit. I don’t like the situation and I should be able to forgive him, but I can’t. Someday I will explain my reasons. However, I never stopped being one of the best friends of Bello Andino, Balaguer’s best friend, may he rest in peace. He was his right-hand man, and the only one Balaguer trusted. I was friends with Bello Andino until the end. And do you know why we never fight? Because I didn’t speak badly to him about Balaguer and he didn’t mention it when he was with me. That’s called respect for other people’s rights, being who you want to be. We have to teach all this to children. Enough of so much war, rage and violence. When I argued my position to my friends, they responded: “well, it’s true, it’s a good example for the children.” So, let’s think about them. We’re already leaving him with enough filth. http://www.DraNancy.com

Log In

Forgot password?

Forgot password?

Enter your account data and we will send you a link to reset your password.

Your password reset link appears to be invalid or expired.

Log in

Privacy Policy

Add to Collection

No Collections

Here you'll find all collections you've created before.